Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 223, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 January 1932 — Page 4

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Milk for Babies There will be riiilk for the children of this city under school age. This much is assured by the conference called by Mayor Sullivan to meet the most serious problem yet laced by this city during its dark days. The importance of milk as a diet for growing children can not be overemphasized, says Dr. Morgan, city health officer, whose years of planning have resulted in unusually low death rates for children in this city. If it be important, it then becomes more important that no false pride on the part of parents prevent them from obtaining milk for the boys and girls who will become the future citizens of this state. Denied proper diet and food, the child can become an easy prey to many diseases, may become a public burden all through life, may more certainly be robbed of the chance of happiness. It is only in emergencies that public attention and interest is aroused and the public of this city was aroused by the facts first printed in The Times concerning this situation. Had there been one child in some dramatic danger, the entire population would have stopped its ordinary work and gone to the rescue. There is no drama in a starving army of ten thousand helpless children, but there is tragedy and when that tragedy becomes known, the public demands action. At some time milk, as A1 Smith once remarked, may become a public utility and distributed under public direction. But until that time comes, citizens can guard helpless children by demanding that they be given this lood in sufficient quantities. Old Age Pensions The old-age pension movement finally has gained the stamp of approval from the United States Chamber of Commerce. No longer will the cry be raised, as was raised bv Governor Leslie when he vetoed a measure foi this purpose, that it is radical, bolshevistic and wrong. The men who now approve this system of caring lor the aged are in charge of great industries and financial institutions. They have been led by the inevitable logic of facts to the conclusion that oldage pensions are an essential part of an industrial system and that the poorhouse is not only barbarous, but costly. In this state an added argument for the law if found in the report of Fire Marshal Hogston, who declares that poverty In this state is met with a harsher punishment than crime, and that the poorhouses for the most part are much less comfortable than th* prisons and jails. That indictment of Indiana might be followed by prompt action to change such conditions. But the permanent cure is the abolition of the poorhouse and tbs substitution of the pension for the aged and hospitals for the sick. The old age pension movement in this country is sponsored by the Eagles lodge and the labor organizations. The Eagles are accredited with being the pioneers and their leaders have gathered some seventeen pens used by Governors of states which have passed laws providing for pensions. The indorsement by the Chamber of Commerce oan be accredited to the fact that Otto Deluse ot this el'.y. one of the pioneers in the movement, was a member representing industry. The final acceptance, of course, comes from the argument of cold hard facts that the pension system for the aged more nearly meets the modern idea, of humanity toward others. The poorhouse, a costly barbaric relic of the days of Queen Elizabeth, has become too costly as it has always been too savage. The people will do well if they ask very pointed questions of every candidate for the legislature and for Governor where they stand on this question, Opposition to old age pensions indicates a fundamental lack of appreciation of human needs. The man who fights that law can be put down as unsafe at a time when it is necessary to get men into public office who act with some consideration for human needs and who look at public problems from the viewpoint of the safety and comfort of the mass. An Antidote (From the New York World-Telegram) As an antidote for a great mass of the depression and hoarding talk going around, we cite the response last week of investors to New York City’s offering of $100,000,000 of corporate stock. The loan, bearing an interest rate of 6 per cent, admittedly high for city financing, was oversubscribed speedily. True, the Walker administration had to pay the high interest rate as a penalty for its extravagance and wastefulness in its conduct of city affairs, and had to pledge retrenchments before the money was forthcoming from the banks. But the fact remains that plenty of money came forward, once investors were satisfied that the investment looked good and the interest yield was attractive. Devise means to put more of this idle money into gainful and legitimate enterprises and in addition to the antidote to depression talk you will have the end of the depression. Bullets for Bread Whwt happened to the Bourbons. Romanoffs, and others who gave the people bayonets instead of bread evidently has made lictle impression on some of our own sword rattlers. On complaint of the American Civil Liberties Union, the war department is investigating recent instructions issued to the Illinois national guard in the use of guns and bombs against “mobs.” The instructions, signed by Commander MajorGeneral Keehn and Chief of Staff Colonel Gowenlock, urge the guard not to temporize with “mobs” nor permit them “to seem to be victorious for a single day.” “Officers and men should not fear reprisal in case one or more persons are killed,” reads one amazing paragraph cited by the Civil Liberties Union. “The laws of most states and the common law in others provide that if it is not proved that the killing was through mere malice, wantonness, or cruelty, a soldier is not punishable for such act, even though he uses bad Judgment.” Then—by way of encouraging “bad judgment"— the instruction compares with “the vulture” and “the rat," Communists and “professional agitators,” lumping both with “thieves, cutthroats, vagabonds and ruffians.” The Illinois guardians of law and order do not declare ihelr war upon the bloody beer racketeers* ipsngster* nd terrorists of their own Chicago's underworld, :’or t les*.- are not mentioned. They appear to bavt m wind only gatherings of the unemployed. Thus Illinois achieves another distinction in being

The Indianapolis Times <a MCKtri’b-iumaitu newspaper) Owned aud published daily (except Snuday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214 220 Weal Maryland Street Indianapolis. Ind. Price Id Marion County 2 ceDts a copy, elsewhere 3 centw—delivered by carrier 12 ornts a week kail aabacrlptton rates In Indiana S3 a car- outside of Indiana. (55 cents a month. BOYD UUKLBT BOV W HOWARD EARL D. BAKER (tottor (resident Business Manager PHONE— K ry WJ TUESDAY. JAN. 26. 1932 Member ol United Press Sc rlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Clrmlatloaa. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

the first state to permit such a sinister threat against the lives and limbs of jobless Americans, now in the midst of the third peaceful winter of the worst suffering in the country's history. The war dpeartment does not control the national guard during peace time, its only connection being a contribution of $33,000,000 annually for equipment and training. It could, however, reprimand such un-called-for incitation to bloodshed. If federal and state officials are serious about stamping out lawlessness, they should check this Cossack ism. There is no surer way -of stirring desperate men to violence than by the insolent misuse of authority by soldiers and police. Paul M. Warburg Paul M. Warburg was one of the few if not the only prominent American banker who had the intelligence and courage to tell the truth about the stock market debauch at the time, and to predict the dire results. The nation needs bankers with that kind of intelligence and courage today. Therefore the death of Mr. Warburg is a national loss. It was not luck or accident that set him apart in the spring of 1929 to speak soberly while most other bankers and business leaders were talking otherwise. He always had been the kind of man who thought faster and clearer and acted with more courage than the crowd. Thus he was one of the first and hardest fighters for the banking reform which finally resulted in the federal reserve system. Though his particular plan of reform was not accepted, he was chosen by President Wilson to help make the new system a success, which he did. Considering his long record of superior wisdom and leadership, it seems surprising now that more people did not listen to his warning in the spring of 1929. It is worth repeating here at this late day, not only as a tribute to its author’s wisdom, but as a future warning to those of us who would travel the get-rich-quick road to personal happiness and national prosperity. He said: “History has taught mankind that speculative overexpansion invariably" ends in overcontraction and distress. If a stock exchange debauch is arrested quickly by prompt and determined action, it is not too much to hope that a shrinkage of inflated stock prices yet may be brought about without seriously affecting the wider circle of general business. “If orgies of unrestricted speculation are permitted to spread too far, however, the ultimate collapse is certain not only to affect the speculators themselves, but also to bring about a general depression, involving the entire country.” One of the lessons Mr. Warburg wanted the United States to learn from the speculative mania and consequent depression was the need for basic improvement in our banking system. He proposed to strengthen the federal reserve system and to increase its independence. Until that is done, and until we have" reorganized some of our maladjusted industries, such as agriculture, transportation, coal and textiles, the nation can 1 not achieve financial security. — Dempsey said he would fight ten rounds with ; Johnny Risko in Cleveland if promoters could scrape up $500,000 for his purse. It there’s room for $500,000 in his purse, it must be pretty flat. Dempsey is just a big-time boy coming back. But from this it would seem he never had been gone. The United States protests ihat Japan's invasion of Manchuria is illegal. Bdt Japan probably knows that Uncle Sam has been protesting for several years about selling liquor, too President Hoover wants to discard the word mora- | tcrium. And just when people were finding out what! it meant. Hoover proposes to bring back prosperity with an eight-point plan. That’s going the seven wonders of the world one better. While all these negotiations are going on, Manchuria waits with bated breath. Well, she’s sure to catch what Sherman said war was. A Chicago woman gave her sweetheart a set of false teeth and then he jilted her. Probably enabled him to snap at other opportunities. Independence is predicted for India in five years. Well, it was declared for us 155 years ago. A newspaper survey shows business men prefer the Bible. But do business by Dun and Bradstreet.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

FROM the viewpoint of the woman who goes shopping for her household needs, the main thing wrong with American business is the 1928 hangover. In some instances it is almost necessary to knock down the clerk to get service, and there seems, in the smaller business especially, a general lack of enthusiasm and even of response to the patrons who walks in at the door. One hears complaints from the office about business being bad. Yet following them there comes echoes from the housewife about how hard it is to get what she wants, and of how generally apathetic are the efforts of those whom she seeks for puchases. I believe also that most women who have responded to the various appeals made to them to supply odd jobs for unemplayed will testify that in many instances the work is woefully slighted. That, at least, has been my unfortunate experience, Suppliants have been a hundred times more interested in the pay than in the job. Perhaps this is natural. But it does not foster sympathy on the part of the one who is doing the employing. tt a THE truth is that we have become so used to the idea that we can get along without working that there is a distinct aversion to honest labor in our midst. I nthe glorious days when the stock ticker always brought good tiding, business was humming and w ejust sat back and waited for the customers to pour in. And they did. During that time the big business man became a sort of Behemoth, gorged with extra profits and dividends. He spent most of his time “in conference,” and to small purpose, if today’s financial tale is true. There grew up then so many wild schemes for getting rich, so many sales of fake socks and securities, and so much actual dishonesty that we can not hope to recover from their effects over night. The greatest harm that came to ps from the overinflation of values is not the inevitable deflation, but the fact that we let ourselves become so soft and lazy that we almost have los tour sense of the dignity of labor A pr tty good mark for us to sfcoot at again would be “honest pay for honest work,**

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES-.

M. E. Tracy Says:

Honest, Efficient Government Calls for More Than Haphazard Debate, Brass Bands and Ward Organizations. NEW YORK. Jan. 26.—Taking public service out of politics j seems to have become a favorite indoor sport with us Americans. We have made a rather complete job of taking the schools out of politics. We have tried, though not so successfully, to do as much for (judges where they are elected. By extending the civil service, we j have taken most of those employed jby the federal government and many of those employed by the states, or cities out of politics. By adopting the city manager plan, the commission form of govi emment, or the non-partisan ticket, some 500 municipalities have reduced politics to a minimum in the conduct of local affairs. And now comes Judge Seabury declaring that New York City could be improved by a form of administration in which politics played a less conspicuous part. tt tt *

Not an Accident YOU can’t attribute such a general trend to accident, or whim. It has been in progress too long, has accomplished too substantial results and has made too deep an impression on the public mind. Rightly, or wrongly, we are abandoning implicit faith in politics as a cure-all for mismanagement. We are groping for something better than the claptrap of blind partisanship, or the recklessness of\mach:ne rule. We are beginning to realize that honest, efficient administration calls for more than haphazard debate, brass bands and ward organizations. * * # Majority Not Infallible THE old idea that government must be good if it conforms to the passions and prejudices of the moment is passing away. It is dawning on us that the voice of a ballyhooed majority can not always be relied on as the voice of God. The doctor has shown us that popular fads were not very reliable i when it came to treating disease, j the scientist has given us a thousand proofs of the gulf existing be- ! tween real expertness and common j knowledge, and industry has demonj strated the necessity of training j and experience even in small ; affairs. tt tt tt Election Magic Fails TO sum it all up, we are recognizing that government is a science, that an untrained, or inexperienced man can not be converted into an efficient public official by the magic of an election, that fitness must be recognized and merit rewarded. The plight of such cities as Chicago, Philadelphia and New York merely illustrates an affliction that has become nation-wide and that is receiving serious attention from Maine to California. The indifference and incompetence with which our public affairs conducted in comparison to our private affairs amounts to little less than a scandal. tt tt n Dishonesty Condoned THE financial strain we have suffered because of the crookedness and carelessness which characterize the management of public affairs is of less consequence than the social strain. Dishonesty of a certain type actually has come to be regarded as legitimate. We talk about "honest graft” just as though there could be such a thing, just as though it were all right for public officials to pilfer and pecculate in particular ways, just as though some laws could be winked at, or violated, without threatening the whole judicial structure. tt tt tt Politics and Crime IT requires no stretching of the imagination to trace gang rule, racketeering and a large percentage of ordinary crime to corruption and inefficiency as made possible by the kind of politics we have tolerated. We are not a bad people by nature, yet we are crime-ridden to an extent unknown in any other civilized country. With all we expend for courts, prosecutors and peace, officers, this should not be so.

People’s Voice

'Editor Times—An open letter to Senator Arthur Robinson of Indiana: My dear representative in the senate and of the people of Indiana, do you represent us as a whole, or just represent the Anti-Saloon League? If so, why do you fear us? Are we a government of the people or are we a government by the AntiSaloon League? Since this organization is afraid to leave the question to the people, I am going to be afraid of it, and all others who hold this view, thousands of Republicans here in Indiana, feel this way. We can be fooled part of the time, but not all the time. We are tired of having our government run and dictated by an organization that gets its living out of emotional fanaticism. For eleven years it has been run on this plan and we find that we have one of the worst moral and financial breakdowns within our nation’s history. Our prisons stand puffed ten deep with mere boys and girls, millions are out of jobs and crying for bread, bankrupt farmers, banks and sheriffs’ sales being the order of the day. Certainly are good results from running the government dry. It seems to me that we were promised a better country with prohibition. A. R. WILKERSON. -Veedersburg, Ind. Editor Times—Your editorial on the Stephenson decision of the supreme court was the best I have read. It was fair, sane, and to the point. It is to be regretted that the decision was delayed so long and that it came with dissenting opinions by two of the five justices. The question of the guilt or innocence of Stephenson still is open to question by the outsider. To me, the norf-concurring opinions of Judge Martin and Judge Treanor were very strong. FRANCIS H. GAVISK.

Where There’s Smoke There Must Be Fire!

im■' -

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Hand Abrasions May Prove Fatal

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. MANY times one reads in the press of the rather sudden and unexpected death of some individual due to a simple scratch by a pin or slight cut on the hand. Following a trivial injury, such as a penetrating wound from a sliver of wood, a scratch by a pin, a nail, or a piece of glass, the finger becomes reddened, hot and painful. Sometimes red streaks appear running up the forearm. The patient develops a fever, he has chilly sensations and within twenty-four hours will be found to be acutely ill. Such infections are usually caused by the germs of the type known as streptococci, which are also responsible for the condition commonly called blood poisoning, and scientifically knovsn as sepsis. When the original spot of injury

IT SEEMS TO ME

PROHIBITION has won another victory. A smashing victory, one might say. But, like all the other triumphs of Volsteadism. it has nothing on earth to do with enforcement. Still, I think it must be admitted that Washington has succeeded in scotching an infant industry. Judge Patterson’s decision that Uncle Sam may take window curtains and plumbing fixtures in lieu of an excise tax has ruined the label industry. You may have read that recent raids were conducted not against Volstead violators, but on the ground that beverages were sold which had not paid proper tribute to the treasury. To be sure, the speakeasy proprietor could not pay the tax even if that were his will and pleasure. However, learned judges have decided that this phantom offense can be prosecuted under the law. It has been my contention that any such ridiculous reasons tend to bring the law into contempt. But I must admit that my respect was not unadulterated in the first place. The supreme court before this has had its silly seasons. tt tt B Pitchers Full of Cheer OF course, the speakeasy men are not without advice of counsel, and when next you order rye or gin, do not be surprised to see the bartender pour out your potion from a glass pitcher. By doing away with bottles, the proprietor destroys all evidence as to whether or not an excise tax has been paid. But the nice point involved is even a little more complicated. Foreign wines and liqueurs may still be sold from the original container if by any coincidence it happens to be

M TODAY O' IS THE vs WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY °7k

APPALLING SEA LOSSES Jan. 26 ON Jan. 26, 1918, it was revealed that the allies and neutrals had lost 6,617,000 tons of shipping by submarines from Jan. 1, 1917, to this date, a matter of a year and twenty-five days. Great Britain, in this period, lost 1,169 ships. In the week ended Jan. 26, England lost nine ships of more than 1,600 tons each. The Spanish steamer Giralda was looted and torpedoed by the Germans on this date, and later the Spanish government sent a protest to the German government as a result of the outrage. Two Americans attached to the American Red Cross at Mestre were killed when this town and Treviso were attacked by Austrian airmen. Three women were killed and three hospitals were damaged. The Americans who were killed were William Platt and Richard Cutts Fairfield.

is examined there may not be any visible pus or abscess and there even may be freedom from pain on motion. ' However, the enlarged glands under the arm and around the elbow will be an indication of the way in which the body is trying to get rid of serious Infection. In reviewing cases of this type, Dr. Sumner- L. Koch points out that the first thing to do is to get the patient in bed and to wrap the entire arm in warm, wet dressings. The patient should also take into the body as much fluid as possible to aid in getting rid of the infectious material. In ordinary abscesses it is customary to open the abscess in order to provide drainage of the pus and infectious material directly. This, however, is not advisable in septic infections of this character, because it may open up channels and cause rapid extension. Unless the infection can be localized, surgical drainage does not

just that. You see, in the case of importations, the revenue permit is stamped not on the bottle, but on the barrel. It is not to be denied that this puts a handicap upon native genius in the matter of inventing and designing corks, tinfoil and labels. Native artists got to a point where they could make a better and a brighter picture than ever was pasted upon real Gordon gin. Some of the more creative lads even improvised brands never before known on sea or land. They kept a jump ahead of popular psychology. Shrewd patrons believed that if the rum seemed to be the product of an obscure or unknown firm it must be genuine. And in the case of cordials, I have heard it said —“This must be real. No bootlegger would bother to manufacture anything for which there is such a small demand.” But in saying this the wise ones underestimated the accommodating nature of the bootlegger. If Uncle Sam intends from now on to go into the second-hand furniture business, it is possible that the scofflaw must harden hinrftelf and prepare for new adjustments. When next he sips his rickey he must be ready to sit upon pine instead of oak. * * Restoring the Old Saloon TNDEED, Judge Patterson's ruling is a hammer blow for the restoration of the old-fashioned saloon. There is a silver lining even in a dry crusade, although perhaps some lack of that very metal may have contributed to the raid itself. But let us not grow cynical. It has seemed to me that much of recent controversy about the old-time saloon has been based on a lack of first-hand knowledge among the controversialists. Mrs. Ella Boole, for instance, pitiably was never a steady customer at any such place. But that has not prevented her from expressing dogmatic opinions. In the other camp people, like Don Marquis, who may well have served an adequate apprenticeship, speak out of romantic reminiscence. When the old saloon has returned and all of us have had a chance to sample its wares, we will be in a better position to know whether or not we like it. Some of my fanatical wet friends are loud in their approval of Judge Patterson’s ruling and the procedure of the prohibition agents. They held that the era of Babylonian luxury known among the brownstone houses before the coming of the ax men tended to diminish honest drinking. There were places where one could get snails or bouillabaisse, not to mention caviar and crepes suzette. As one man put it, "What was good enough for the founders of the republic is good enough for me.’’ He went on to say: “We were even beginning to go in for that light wines and beer stuff. Those big and elaborate places began to transform good, red-blooded Americans into a nation of frogs. People

seem to be indicated immediately. A wound at the surface is much more easily controllable than one which involves the tendons. When the infection involves the tendon, there is the double danger that it will spread along the tendon and destroy the sheath, and thereby cripple the patient. Infections of the tendons are usually treated promptly to prevent spread. It is because of the danger of serious crippling and of spread of infection to other parts of the body that infections of the hands are given such consideration by physicians. The greatest importance attaches to the care that is taken after a wound has been opened and drained. If the hand is held in a bad position and if it is held without motion for too long a time, adhesions develop which make it impossible to move the fingers and which thereby may seriously cripple the individual who has been infected.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

were beginning to drink and dine at the same time. And I say those things were never meant to go together. At any rate, not in the land of Daniel Boone, Davy Crockett and the California gold rush. “Can you imagine any one of those fine old forty-niners lolling on red plush and sipping a martini out of a tiny glass and at the same time taking a few dabs at a filet of sole ala something or other? tt tt No Alcoholic Alliances “IT’s just like what Hiram Johnson said about entangling alliances. We don’t want ’em. If whisky was good enough for George Washington and Daniel Webster, it’s good enough for me. I’m not saying anything about a bowl of pretzels and maybe a few potato chips, with possibly a dish of baked beans, over on a free lunch counter. But what haVe pompano and swordfish got to do with 100 per cent Americanism? “I say back to the good old brass rail and the days when the bartender’s name was Charlie and you were Bill or Jack. Hurrah for Judge Patterson and Mr. McCampbell! They know what’s what. They’ve taken away the wax flpors and left the sawdust, which is the true foundation of a noble and timehonored industry.” (Copyright, 1932. by The Times)

Daily Thought

Then said she, Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall; for the man will not be in rest, until he have finished the thing this day.—Ruth 3:18. Whosoever perseveres will be crowned.—Herder.

Bridge Parties Everybody and his grandmother are playing bridge—auction or contract. And there is no form of entertainment that a hostess can select that so easily solves the problem of a number of guests as a bridge party. It lends itself to the simplest or the most elaborate functions, and may be a feature of a luncheon, tea, afternoon or evening party. Our Washington bureau has ready for you its new buffeting on Bridge Parties that contains suggestions that any hostess will appreciate. It suggests score cards, refreshments, prizes tells how to run a progressive bridge party, auction or contractcovers the etiquette of bridge parties, benefit affairs, teas, luncheons and club affairs. Fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept 166, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. S.: I want a copy of the bulletin Bridge Parties, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City State } I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Hmls and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are orcsented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

_JAN. 26, 1932-

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Celestial Patterns Never Existed as They Appear to Eye , Writes Famous A v trologer; Time Element R sponsible for Constellation WHEN you gaze upon the heavens on a clear night, you see a pattern of stars that is nonexistent, a pattern that does not exist at the moment and which never existed at any previous date. This is the startling fact pointed out by Colonel John Millis of Cleveland. a retired officer of the United States army engineer corps, and a member of the American Astronomical Society. At the recent meeting of the society, Colonel Millis presented a paper which was titled “Unrealities of the Visible Skies.” It is to be printed in full in the near future in "Popular Astronomy,” official journal of the society. Colonel Millis began by calling attention to certain facts which have been' known to astronomers for many years. His thesis, however, is that the world of astronomy has failed to note the full implication of these facts. Astronomers, as Colonel Millis points out, have known for a long time that it takes time for the light of the stars to reach the earth. The common measure of stellar distances is the light-year, the distance which a beam of light travels in one year. It is equal to six trillion miles. tt tt tt Effect of Time THE nearest star is four and a third light years away. Other stars are ten light years away, 100 light years, 1.000, 10,000 and even 100.000 light years away. Now this not only means that the star in each case is so many trillions of miles away. It also means that the light of the star has taken a certain number of years to reach us. Thus the light from one star has I taken ten years to reach us. from another star 10 years, and from a third 1.000 years, and so on. It is further known to astronomers that all star are in motion, moving in various directions with various rates of speed. Now Colonel Millis points out the j implications of these facts. It is that we do not see the stars where they are today. We see one star where it, was ten years ago. For the particular beam of light which reaches our eyes as we gaze at the star actually left that star ten years ago. We see another star where it was 100 years ago, another where it was 1,000 years ago, and so on. In other w'ords, the pattern of the heavens as we see it is a pattern which is the result of time as well as space. It is only an apparent pattern which has no reality. At the moment the stars are not where we think we see them. And at no moment in the past did the heavens possess the exact configuration which we see. Colonel Millis believes astrono- | mers must give this fact more attention and take it into account in their studies of the distributions of the stars, the motions of the galaxy, and so on. * tt tt Universe Expanding COLONEL MILLIS believes that the time element becomes particularly important when we come to the distant spiral nebulae. He believes that a consideration of the time element has important bearing upon recent theories about an expanding universe. The distance of the spiral nebulae are not measurable in thousands of light-years but in millions of light-years. For example, the most, distant nebula whose rate of motion has been measured is 135.000,000 light-years away. The theory of an expanding universe is based on the fact that all spiral nebulae are moving away from the earth and the most dis- ' tant ones are moving with the greatest rates of speed. This has led to the theory, developed chiefly by De Sitter of Holland and Lemaitre of Belgium upon the basis of the Einstein theory, that the universe is expanding like a gigantic, soap bubble. But Colonel Millis points out that the time element involved here is_ tremendous. It takes the light from the most distant nebula measured 135,000,000 years to reach the earth. Therefore when the Mt. Wilson astronomers, from an analysis of the shift in the spectrum lines of the nebula’s light, say it is moving with a speed of 15,000 miles a second, what they are really saying, according to Colonel Millis, is that it apparently was moving with such speed 135,000.000 years ago. He be--lieves that changes of many sorts have taken place in .so long a period of time. He regards the study or nebulae as a sort of astronomical archeology. He does not believe it possible to say what these nebulae are doing at the present time. Is the noise of an airplane made by the engine or by the propellers? According to tests conducted bv government departments, the engine and the each contribute about 50 per cent of the noise.