Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 222, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 January 1932 — Page 4

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Quo Usque Tandem Centuries ago an old fellow named Cicero began in these words to berate another man named Catiline. Both are dead. The words still are studied in public schools. What Cicero was trying to say was that Catiline had’ insulted the intelligence of the day and he was asking just how long Catiline would continue to abuse the patience of a long-suffering public. Catiline today means Harley Clarke and Samuel Insull and the public service commission. The latest abuse of public patience is the announcement that rates for electricity are to be cut in seventy-six southern Indiana cities, an announcement heralded with glee by the Insull publicity agency, within a suspiciously short time after the commission had made its decision. So brief a time, in fact, as to make it plausible to believe that the crocodile tears had been mimeographed in advance. If there had been a reduction in rates, the cut has been so small that the rate payer never will feel it. At the best, it gives an average saving of only $4.20 a meter a year to all the people of each city. At its worst—and it probably is the worst—the people who pay will find their bills larger. More important is the fact that the advertised cut, if it is permitted to stand, means an end to all regulation of electric utilities in the state, for at no time in the future can any single city ask and receive any reduction of rates. The decision ushers in a period of regulation by sections which may be the right way of regulation, but is the end of the 'present law. It means that the commission will be compelled, even if it were inclined to serve the public, to delay for months and years before giving any relief. The commission set a precedent for itself when it ordered a cut of 20 per cent in rates for electric users in the city of lifarion. The rates in Marion were among the lowest in the state where private ownership prevails. There are lower rates in enlightened communities which own their own plants. The commission is still inactive on the petition filed by the city of Indianapolis and the South Side Civic Clubs for relief in this city. Were the rates given to Marion applied to Indianapolis, the people of this city would save millions of dollars of the tribute now paid to the electric monopoly. • On Saturday night, over the radio, Ward Hiner amended the advice of The Times on telephone calls. He suggested that the people call not only the public service commission and Member Cuthbertson, but also call the office of Governor Harry Leslie and tell him that his hired men on the commission are loafing on the job. It is good advice. The telephone number of the commission Is Riley G 551. The telephone number ot the Governor is Lincoln 9535. If you find that Cuthbertson and the others are ‘‘in conference,” call the Governor. It may work. (The rest of what Cicero said was, “How long arc you going to abuse our patience?”)

The Pastors. Twain and War m the most militant attack on war ever recorded by the clergy, the membership of the Ohio Pastors’ Association says in formal resolutions: "We never again will sanction or participate in any war.” But won’t they? Without desiring to be cynical, we want once again to quote Mark Twain on war: "There never has been a just one, never an honorable one—on the part of the instigator of the war. I can see a million years ahead, and this rule never will change in so many as half a dozen instances. "The loud little handful—as usual—will shout for the war. The pulpit will—warily and cautiously—object—at first; the great, big, dull bulk of the nation will rub its sleepy eyes and try to make out why there should be a war, and will say, earnestly and indignantly, ‘it is unjust and dishonorable, and there is no necessity for it.’ Then the handful will shout louder. A few fair men on the other side will argue and reason against Ihe war with speech and pen, and at first will have a hearing and be applauded; but it will not. last long; those others will outshout them, and presently the anti-war audiences will thin out and lose popularity. “Before long, you will see this curious thing: The speakers stoned from the platform, and free speech strangled by hordes of furious men, who in their secret hearts are still at one with th&se stoned speakers—as earlier—but do not dare to say so. “And now the whole nation—pulpit and all—will take up the war-cry, and shout itself hoarse, and mob any honest .nan who ventures to open his mouth; and presently such mouths will cease to open. “Next the statesmen will invent cheap lies, putting the blame upon the nation that it attacked, and every man will be glad of those conscience-soothing falsities, and will study them diligently, and refuse to examine any refutations of them, and thus he will, by and by, convince himself that the war is just, and will thank God for the better sleep he enjoys after this process of grostesque self-deception.” Twain wrote that years before the World war.

Making Germany Safe for Democracy Foremost of Woodrow Wilson’s war ideals was making the world safe for democracy. In particular, he wished to make Germany democratic—to liberate it from its ‘’military masters" and to establish free and democratic institutions. What are the results and the prospects thirteen years after the birth of the German republic? The German people radically altered the political institutions and traditions in accordance with Mr. Wilson's alluring suggestions. They hoped that as a •result they would receive justice and decent treatment. Had not Mr. Wilson said that we had no quarrel with the German people? We were concerned only with lifting from their backs the bellicose octopus saddled on them by their rulers. Did their conquerors meet the Germans half way and make good the Wilsonian idealism? The answer is contained in an excellent survey of Germany at the end of 1931 by John Elliott in the Nation. Mr. Elliott is no Bolshevik or Hun. He is the Berlin correspondent of the New York Herald-Tribune. After the proclamation of the Weimar constitution, there was real enthusiasm for republicanism in Germany. By 1925 even Marshal von Hindenberg was converted to the support of the new regime. With even half-way encouragement from abroad, German republicanism would have been assured of permanency and success. But the thirteen years *f re-

The Indianapolis Times , (A scmri's-dowiKD skwspai’eri Owned and published dally (except Sunday! by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street Indianapolis. Ind Price In Marlon County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. Mall gubsetip. tlon rates in Indiana. $3 a ear: ontside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD UUKLEX. ROT W HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Rutduesa Manager PHONE— K ey AMI MONDAY. JAN, 25. 1932 Member ol United Press hcrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspsper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

pression, reparations and revenge have all but ended the republican regime. Chancellor Breuning rules with dictatoral powers which make Bismarck, “the iron chancellor,” seem almost a democrat by comparison. Even that foremost of German liberal newspapers, the Frankfurter Zeitung, holds that a frank dictatorship would be preferable to the ineptitude of the present Reichstag. Hitler and his Fascist National Socialists have a larger popular support than any other party. They are destined almost inevitably to govern Germany, either alone or through a coalition with the Catholic Center party. One or more persons are killed and a score or more wounded every day in the clashes between the National Socialists and their opponents. These things are so common that they no longer are “news” in Germany. The republican regime is attacked on the ground that it has gone on its knees before France, and that it has wasted its substance in social welfare expenditures. Neither charge is true in any significant degree. The dubious or criminal speculations of great German bankers and industrialists have done more to bring on the present financial crisis than any expenditures for social relief. Reparations have been a colossal problem, to be sure, but something worse might have come if payments had been suspended or repudiated earlier. Germans remember the horrors of the Ruhr invasion and the winter of 1922-23. The chief reason for discrediting of democracy, and republicanism in Germany is the disastrous economic situation into which Germany has been driven by reparations and other aspects of the postwar policy of revenge. Some 4,600,000 are unemployed, and the figure will probably reach 7,000,000 before the winter is over. Artillery caissons rattle through the streets picking up old clothes for the destitute. Except for three weeks, the stock exchange has been closed 'since the middle of July. Reichsbank reserves are as low as 27 per cent, compared with 40 per cent, once the legal minimum. Wages still are being cut, in spite of the fact that it already is hard for the workers to live under the existing price schedules. Taxes are terrific. Even salaried persons often pay as much as 20 per cent of their income. And the end is not yet. The chancellor, with frank realism, recently warned that additional burdens would have to be imposed. Mr. Elliott concludes that “after almost two decades of war, famine, blockade, inflation, reparations payments, and economic depression, Germany finds itself worse off than at any time since Jena and perhaps since the Thirty Years’ war.” The collapse of Germany, or a definite swing to Fascism or Communism, would have momentous if not fatal results for Europe. The reverberations would be severe in the United States, still further depressing our already groggy business conditions. It is high time that temporizing and vacillation be superseded by resolute international statesmanship.

Children Work; Elders Idle There is one fact even more inglorious than the great American paradox of millions of men and women beggared because they have produced too much wealth and food. That is the fact of American children working for wages while their elders search in vain for jobs. Today being Child Labor day in the public schools let us do a bit of national self-searching, even at the cost of national pride. , While 27,000,000 children are building minds and bodies through study and play in the nation’s schools, 3,326,152 others under 18 are habitually absent. Os those absent 2,120,000 are known to be at work in gainful occupations. Os those in gainful occupations, at least 1,000,000, we learn from the National Child Labor committee, are “at work under conditions which, if not actually injurious, are depriving them of the fundamentals of education, which are becoming more and more indispensable to educational progress.” “The great mass of working children,” says the White House conference committee, “enter occupations monotonous in the extreme, lacking all educative content other than a certain amount of training in habits of work.” Tens of thousands are under 13, thousands are not yet in their teens. One child of 4 was found recently working in a southern cannery. The beet fields of the west, the factories of New England, the sweat shops of New York and Chicago, the cotton fields and mills of the south, all have their child workers. Next year forty-four legislatures meet. Only six states of the needed thirty-six have ratified the child labor amendment giving the government right to regulate and prohibit child labor.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A MARYLAND gentleman offers this column the suggestion that American women could relieve the crisis in Manchuria by refusing to buy silk, most of which comes from Japan. He failed, however, to say how one could persuade the women to this course of action. Excellent, therefore. as the idea is, it is impractical. And here is the reason: In the same mail fame another letter which says, "Your constant championing of women leaves me, a woman, cold." And there follows a long account of the worthlessness and viciousness of women in general and of how splendid, altruistic, and kindly all men are. It is impossible to muster feminine forces because of the antagonism which so many of them feel for one another. Hundreds of thousands of women despise their kind. The old sex appeal is always working and it does a very good job of setting the females against one another. # DISCOUNTING the biological causes for this hostility, we also are confronted by the fact that only until comparatively recent years have we made any attempts to stand by one another. Many soft hands cast stones at the Magdalen. Andvfrom that day unto this, there has beeD but a slight decrease in the barrage. One of the surest proofs that we are making intellectual progress is the knowledge that within the last three or four decades there has been genuin and concerted action on the part of women to help one another. And still I pessimistically must assert that it would be impossible to prevail upon American women to get behind any member of our sex for any cause, as we did in the 1928 crusade for Mr. Hoover. So the gentleman who would have Japan rebuked by a curtailment in the sale of her silks best would get the men together to withdraw them from the markets. I regret to state that my sex has not yet the strength of mind or the ability to co-operate that would make his plan feasible. •

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says:

Men Can Stand Suffering, but They Can't Stand Idleness Indefinitely and Keep Their Heads. NEW YORK, Jan. 25.—Japanese marines are pouring into Shanghai, British and American ships are heading for Salvador, strikes are spreading in India and the Jesuits are getting out of Spain. France stands by her program of no cut in reparations, no change in the Versailles treaty and no peace without guarantees of security. The struggle to boost revenue and stimulate home trade by means of increased tariffs goes merrily on, while travel shrinks and freighters are tied up for lack of cargo. Those who feel the pinch of all this grow bitterer and more bewildered with each passing day.

'Give Us Work’ THE man out of work may have ideas as to why society can find nothing for him to do, but they are overshadowed by his feeling of complete helplessness. That is the most dangerous and destructive feeling known to human nature. The millions of unemployed, not only here, but abroad, are not without appreciation of what has been and is being done in their behalf. They are grateful ‘for the soup kitchens, breadlines and other evidences of a charitable inclination on the part of those who can afford it. What they want most, however, is an opportunity to do something for themselves. tt tt Idleness Disastrous. YOU can call the prohlem by any name you like and attribute it to any cr use you like, but its solution lies in finding a normal amount of work. Men can stand low wages and 'small profits, even to the extent of suffering, but they can not stand idleness indefinitely and keep their heads. Idleness as a by-product of prosperity is bad enough, but as a byproduct of poverty it represents nothing less than a threat to orderly life. Nor should this threat be measured in terms of petty, personal crime, or interpreted as including no more than sporadic outbreaks at the worst, since it generates a distrust and lack of confidence which may endure for generations.

Russia’s Example THE secret of Russia’s success is work. Leaders of the capitalistic world could do worse than keep that in mind. The Russian people may be getting comparatively little to show for their labor, but they are busy, and that inspires them with hope. No matter how well off people may be, they fall easy victims to despair when placed in a position where they can not do anything to help themselves. You have seen this illustrated in dozens of suicides during the last two years. B B B Dictatorship Next? WHETHER we can provide a sufficient amount of work through monopoly and mass production, without going in for state control and dictatorship, is something which deserves a great deal of attention. Our forefathers were able to provide it by encouraging small enterprises, home-owning and individual initiative. They did not escape panics and depression, but they were in a better position to meet them than we are. When the ordinary lines of employment failed they were not compelled to walk the streets. They always could find something to do about the house, or in the garden, and generally in such a way as brought meat and drink. nun Our Theory Unproved WE are pursuing the theory that everybody can be put on a pay roll and live in a rented house, that wealth can be coagulated into vast pools, that property can pass into the hands of a few, that big business can be permitted to eliminate little business, that boards of directors can exercise more intimate ►control of life than state legislatures, that private financial institutions can become strong enough to determine public policy, without affecting the principles and ideals on which this republic was founded. Maybe so, but we yet have to prove it.

m today m IS THE- vs f WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

KUHLMANN’S SPEECHES Jan. 25

ON Jan. 25, 1918, and also on the following day, Dr. von Kuhlmann, German foreign minister, speaking before the main committee of the reichstag, justified the policy pursued by the German representatives at BrestLitovsk and denounced the Bolsheviki as the ruling force. He said: “Herr Trotzky twice declared in open discussion that our government has no other basis than force. The Bolshevik maintain themselves by brutal force; their arguments are cannon and machine guns. The Bolsheviki preach beautifully, but practice otherwise. “The statements of the Bolsheviki show that these gentlemen are indulging in another policy than that of concluding an open and honorable peace with the ‘bourgeois governments’ of the central powers, which are hated like poison.’’ How do the dirigibles Akron and Los Angeles compare in size? The Akron is 785 feet long, diameter 132.9 feet, lift 201.05 tons, 4,480horse power. The Los Angeles is 658 feet long, diameter 90.7 feet, gross lift, 76.5 tons, and 2,500-horse power. Do enlisted men in the army and navy aviation service receive any additional pay? Their pay is increased 50 per cent when assigned to aviation service.

Typhoid Requires Constant Vigilance

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Ilvgeia. the Health Magazine. TYPHOID is controlled largely today by proper control of food supplies, milk and water through municipal agencies. It is ‘difficult, however, to eliminate the source from which food, water and milk may be contaminated when the contamination is caused by a human earner. If typhoid fever is to be eliminated entirely, the possibility of continuous spread of the disease from the human carrier must be prevented. In Chicago from April 1, 1890, to April 1,1892, there were 2,372 deaths from typhoid fever, representing approximately 24,000 cases. In Cleveland in January, 1903, notwithstanding that some knowledge of typhoid and its control had

IT SEEMS TO ME

A PUBLISHER who need not be nameless, since it was Max Schuster of Simon & Schuster, ventured an excellent suggestion at the luncheon of the Wednesday Culture Club recently. Mr. Schuster thinks that they should be re-examination for holders of college degrees. Five years after graduation a Bachelor of Arts should be called upon to justify his right to retain his diploma. It is Mr. Schuster’s contention that many a man says “Well, that’s that” as soon as he has heard the news that he squeezed through his final examinations. Thereafter he makes no attempt to keep abreast of the thought of his times. Mr. Schuster’s concern with tiffs problem is not wholly a matte of disinterested public spirit. He has found that some of the most inveterate and stubborn of nonreaders are college men. Being a publisher, Mr. Schuster believes that there should be a moral obligation upon anybody who belongs to “the company of educated men” to read something some time. He agrees that it need not be anything under his imprint. n n n I THINK the scheme is a good one, but since no test papers have been prepared as yet,, the best that I can do is to answer a set of queries which I found this afternoon in the lower righthand corner of the desk. I was rummaging around in the hopes of finding an old column. I do not know whether it was an uplift organization or a life insurance company -which prepared the

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—With so much talk going on about relief, we all wonder when it will come and what the outcome will be. Looks like the government has the same attitude as Governor Rolph in regard to Mooney’s pardon, “there is no hurry.” Senator La Follette wants to create jobs for three people at SIO,OOO a year. Why should any one receive a salary like this on any consideration, let alone on a cause like this? Why, I understand that even Josef Stalin is leading the Russian government for $l5O a month, building the greatest system and society the world ever has known, while our own Hoover gets $75,000 a year'to burden starved Americans. We are face to face with the greatest problem we ever have had. Hoover does nothing but appoint commissions and blow off a lot of hot steam. He gave the farmers relief! Yes, relieved them of all they had and made “serfs” of them and “chain gang” slaves of the working people. Now he comes along with another system to loosen up the “credit system,” so Americans can buy more and buy homes. What working man has little enough sense to go ahead again and start buying a home, farm, furniture or auto on the credit system and have it taken away from him? They blow us fall up with patriotism, have faitn*. be patient, prosperity’s around the corner, new credits and banking systems on one side and take away what little we have on the other. History shows us that every seven to ten years we have a panic, which

The New Issue

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

already developed, there were during the sixteen months following 4,578 cases and 611 deaths. In each instance the outbreak was traced to some contamination of water by the carelessness of an individual and the lack of suitable control. In 1885, an epidemic occurred in Plymouth, Pa., a mining town with only 8,000 inhabitants. There were 1,104 cases reported and 114 deaths. In this instance the outbreak was caused by the careless disposal of excretions of one patient with typhoid fever who happened to live in an isolated house on the bank of one of the small brooks which joined the river from which water was put into the reservoir for the town. Every now and then a dramatic Outbreak occurs in some city which has not given sufficient attention to

examination paper. Nevertheless, in the interests of the continuation of education after graduation or thereabout I will take a try. Here goes: “What is my name?” Heywood Campbell Broun, pronounced to rhyme with tune. “What is my age?” Forty-three. “Where do I live?” In West Fiftyeighth street. “What is my occupation?” Newspaper man. “Am I making a success of it?” Different on different days. “How much do I know?” Very little. “How did I acquire this knowledge?” By reading the newspapers. “Am I using what I know in connection with what I do?” Yes. “Am I stiil learning?” Yes,. “What is my character and reputation?” Unreliable and charming. nun A Difference of Opinion “TT7HAT do you think of me?” VV Unreliable. “What do I think of myself?” Charming. “Am I just and kind in my judgment of others?” I try not to be. I need more prejudices than I have. “Am I cleanly?” In the summer, “Punctual?” No. “Courteous?” To a fault, Except about answering letters. “Do I drink?” Yes. “Am I profane?” Only in poker games. “Have I any definite object in life?” Yes, I want to be a w'riter. “Am I on my way?” Not precipitately.

is created for only one purpose, and that is to get back all the farmer and worker have accumulated, either through unfinished payments, mortgages, or taxes. How much longer is the American worker going to sleep on? Next year is election and if we can survive our “stagger starvation' system” that long what will we do? Vote for the G. O. P. and more Hooverism? Vote for the Democrats and suffer the same (or worse)? Compromise and take Socialism, which constitutes the reform of both old parties? Accept the new “Liberty” party, which is Fascistism? Or will we organize in one big union, side by side, and vote for our own rights and freedom, a government for, of and by the people? BILL.

Questions and Answers

What was the first Italian opera? Several contattas resembling operas were written in Italy in the later years of the sixteenth century and the first true opera produced in public, was “Euridic," by Peri, in 1600, for the festivities which followed the marriage of King Henry IV of France and Maria de Medici. What Is the meaning of the Latin phrase “Mortale non opto?" “Mortal, not by choice’’ or “not of mortal choosing.” V

the dangers of water polluted by sewage. When the situation developes, committees get busy, the city fathers are notified and a pure water supply is insured. Prevention is far cheaper than cure. The mortality from this disease has been reduced by 98 per cent. The control of carriers Indicates that there are about half as many now as there were in 1910. Dr. James G. Cumming estimates that it will require at least another twenty-five years to eliminate carriers entirely. In the meantime, the barriers against transmission can not be lowered. Public water supplies must continue to be purified and chlorinated; milk must be pasteurized, and human beings generally must be taught the importance of everyday hygiene, particularly cleanliness of the hands.

BY H BROUN D

“Have Ia ‘life plan’?” No. “Am I working at it?” No. “What am I worth in dollars and cents?” I can afford to pay about ten cents on the dollar. “How did I acquire this?” Thrift. u u n Seven-Card Stud Bad Game “W /HY am I where I am finanVV daily?” I always insist} that it was just bad luck. They quit early on me. “Who am I socially?” Well, my name was in the Social Register for one issue, but that was more than fifteen years ago. A man has promised to put me up for the Elks. A member of the Racquet Club calls me by my first name, and Janssen wants to see me. “Why am I what I am morally?” It’s part of the general letdown occasioned by the war. “What of my religious life?” I’m a mystic. “Am I God-fearing?” I would like to say no, because I think it’s a rotten, bad frame of mind for anybody of any decent sort of religious feeling. It is the ultimate blasphemy. But I must say “Yes.” Particularly in thunderstorms. “Clean-minded?” That needs more definition. I’m moderately ribald, but I should say I was fairly clean-minded. “Helpful? ’ Yes, sometimes. “Do I realize that I am part of God’s great world plan?” I certainly do not. God doesn’t interfere with people that way. “Am I working to make the world wiser?” Yes. “Better?” Yes. “Happier?" Yes. But now I find I’ve done it all wrong. At the bottom of the questionnaire I discovered: “Take your time in answering these questions. Read over, think over, every question before you answer any. Show the answers to no one. Six months later go over your answers to see what progress you have made and again at the end of the year. Try to make a showing.” I didn’t understand in the beginning that the matter was to be confidential. The best x can do is to request you to keep everything I have said to yourself. (Copyright. 1932. by The Times)

Economic Security: i , Columbia workers are taken care of when they are too old to work by means of old age pensions. % Every Columbia worker gets the best health protection and so do the wives and children of the employees. They and their families have the best medical, dental, optical and hospital care that the city of Indianapolis can afford—at the expense of the company. Columbia workers get vacations with pay—because Columbia workers are self-governing. Promote these conditions in industry by purchasing Columbia soups, chili con came, pork and beans, tomato juice and catsup. ON SALE AT ALL REGAL STORES

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are nrcsented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

JAN. 25, J 932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Experiment With Ultra-Vio-let Rays to Maintain Health of Animals Caged in Zoo, Where Normal Sunshine Is Lacking. ULTRA-VIOLET lamps have been installed in the Pittsburgh zoo by the Westinghouse Lamp Company in an attempt to aid two ailing lions. The two lions, Romeo and his mate, have been in ill health for some months. It was thought that perhaps the Pittsburgh •soo in the winter time averaged less sunshine than the African jungle, and so Councilman Clifford B. Connelly, chairman of the committee on parks and libraries, introduced a motion in the Pittsburgh council to permit the ultra-violet experiment. A detailed study is to be made of the animals exposed to the ultraviolet lamps to record the effect of the rays upon them. The Westinghouse engineers say that ultra-violet lamps have been tried in zoos before this and that the results have been beneficial. In zoos in London, where the high per cent of foggy days cuts the amount of sunlight which the animals get to an extremely low figure, difficulty was experienced with a number of animals. The big reptiles, in particular, were affected and refused to eat. Exposure to ultra-violet lamps gave the reptiles healthier appetites, the Westinghouse engineers say. The lamps were also tried in San Francisco and were instrumental in saving the life Ox a rare leopard.

Tan Protects Humans ONE problem which the engineers must solve is that of how much ultra-violet the animals need and how much they can stand. Man requires a certain amount of ultra-violet, but too much is bad. Nature’s method of protecting man from an overdose of sunshine is by tanning his skin. As spring and summer progress, the skin acquires a darker and darker huge. The tan has the effect of shutting out the ultra-violet of the sun’s rays. Over-enthusiastic individuals who take advantage of the first warm day to expose themselves for long periods to the direct rays of the sun pay the penalty by acquiring a bad case of sunburn. It is probable, however, that certain animals can stand much larger doses of sunshine than man can. The habit of snakes, alligators and other reptiles, to lie for hours in the hot sunshine is well known. These animals, no doubt, would require considerable exposure to the ultra-violet lamp. In the case of other animals, it will be necessary to give them smaller doses in all probability. Fur-bearing animals, no doubt, will require larger doses since it is doubtful if very much ultra-violet penetrates their hides. Some experiments in the past have shown that the use of ultraviolet increases the quality of the fur of fur-bearing animals. This is reported to have been the case with the leopard in the San Francisco zoo who was treated with ultra-violet.

Saving Wild Animals IT is interesting to see the latest discoveries of science being used to preserve the lives of wild animals. Once upon a time man’s only interest in a wild animal was to kill it. But the killing of wild animals has gone on at such a pace that many authorities look forward to a day when there will be no more wild animals. They will be known only from stuffed specimens in zoos. It is a fact that Africa, which in the minds of many is swarming with wild animals, is facing the extinction of its famous animals. All goverments of Africa have had to adopt stringent measures to restrict hunting. Permits are now required and the number of animals which may be killed by one hunter is strictly limited. The Belgian government has set aside a number of large tracts, one of them known as the Albert National park, in which no huntirig at all is permitted. This has been done with the hopes of preserving a portion of Africa in its original wildness. The Albert national park includes the mountain slopes which are the homes of the gorilla. Authorities say that if the Belgian government had not taken this action, the gorilla would have become extinct in a relatively few years. For these reasons, such experiments as those now going forward in Pittsburgh are extremely important. The day may not be distant when the only living wild animals will lie in zoos. It therefore is important that we learn how to keep ♦ hese animals healthy and happy in captivity.

Daily Thought

WTien thou buildest anew house, then thou shall make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man fall from thence.— Deuteronomy 22:8. Among mortals, second thoughts are wisest.—Euripides.