Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 221, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 January 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

* c a t *a j - mnw a* r>

Have You Called? Once again the public service commission has indicated that utility rates must be cut. A sweeping reduction has been ordered lor southern Indiana in the new Insull empire. Whether the reduction will satisfy the residents of thfit section of the state remains to be seen. The total amount of reduction will amount to but little when spread out among the thousands of customers, but it is a start in the right direction. * In the meantime, the people of this city are paying extortionate rates for not only electricity, but lor water. If there be any Justification for reductions in Marion and in southern Indiana there are twice as many arguments for cuts in this city, and the reductions should be deeper. The old rates in Marion were approximately 20 per cent lower than those in effect in this city or at least the average rate received by the company was around this figure. If Indianapolis had the same rates as are given Marion, the people would be saved at least two millions of dollars a year. Commissioner Cuthbertson, who voted for the re duction in Marion, has charge of the petition of Indianapolis. He advised a friendly conference between city officials and officers of the light and water companies to iffect a “compromise.” It is now apparent that the utilities only “compromise” when forced to abandon their extortions and that the only effect of the sug gestion has been a delay of a public hearing. The telephone of the public service commission is Riley 6551. A telephone petition might help this body to make up its mind about Indianapolis. Wrong Then—Or Now Behind the collapse of the Lausanne reparations conference before it started is Hoover's refusal to co-operate. There are other factors, such as France’s determination to get her pound of flesh and Germany’s bitterness after long exploitation. there was some chance of a settlement until [Washington sent its secret memorandum to Paris announcing that the United states would not play. Os course this latest statement of American foreign policy is withheld from the American public, just as the American policy on armaments and on Colombian concessions is secret, and just as the American documents on the Manchurian crisis are secret. But the American public has been given, through Eispatches from Paris, a summary of the American scret debt memorandum. As there set forth the Hoo?r policy is as follows: > There is no connection between German reparations and allied debts to America: reparations must be handled alone by the European powers; there Is tio prospe.ct of extension of the one-year debt moratorium. much less of any reduction or cancellation: any effort by European nations to formulate a joint policy on American debts will be fought by WashIn gton. Absurd as this summary sounds, its essential ac•uracy has been established. This Hoover European policy, added to his Manchurian policy of running out on the peace treaties, represents a frightfully complete bankruptcy in statesmanship. Hoover now has reversed his European policy ot last summer. Then he admitted that reparations and debts must be handled together; now he denies it. Then he took the initiative and forced a general moratorium as the only way to prevent international financial ruin; now he not only gives up his initiative and leadership, but refuses even to meet with the other nations. The opposite Hoover policies of last summer and of today can not both be right. Either he was wrong then or he is wrong today. We thought then, and we (Still think, that the Hoover policy of last summer warright. Unless Hoover has the wisdom and the courage to throw the full strength of American leadership into a solution of the interlocked debt-reparation-tariff-disarmament problem, which Europe can not possibly handle alone, the alternative is as black as Hoover described it last summer.

The Twelve-Mile Limit Prohibition brought the bootlegger and the racketeer; the speakeasy and bathtub gin. Ginger-jake paralysis stems from prohibition, as does blinding whisky. Prohibition cut government revenues by millions, and prohibition has caused American trans-At-lantic ships to lose money. Chairman I. V. O'Connor of the United States shipping board testified to that last fact before a house committee. At the same time he described another hypocritical phase of the experiment. O'Connor, when questioned, the press dispatches reported, testified that all American lines except Dollar operate bars after passing the twelve-mile limit, but can not advertise the fact. This causes passengers to go to Europe on foreign boats where they are sure of obtaining a drink. Add this to the other accepted deceptions national prohibition has created and fostered. Finally enough will accumulate, until the people no longer can stand the law. Then —and the time is not far off—prohibition again will become a matter for the states to be concerned about. Deportation Tyranny Last May the Wickersham commission unanimously signed and issued a report on alien deportations under the labor department. This report charged •'grave abuses” in enforcing the deportation law, “unnecessary hardships” inflicted upon aliens, labor department methods that are “unconstitutional, tyrannical and oppressive.” The commission expressed amazement that the secretary of labor now sits in judgment upon his own department's acts. It urged creation of a board of alien appeals to prevent needless suffering and to humanize the law. Since then these findings have been backed by other investigators. The Los Angeles Bar Association found that the arrest of aliens without warrants is a fairly general practice, that they often are denied bail, counsel or access to friends, pending investigation Dr. Jane Clark ol Bernard college in a recent book says; “It must be conceded that the present procedure affords opportunity for deprivation of rights considered fundamental to Anglo-Saxon law. where personal liberty is involved." The Wickersham expert, Reuben Oppenheimer, writing in the New Republic, styles the current drive by Secretary Doak’s men, “the deportation terror." What has the administration done? Worse than nothing. Mr Hoovers answer to the charges otMhis own commission is a recommendation in his message to

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKli’l’b-UOWAKD .NEWSPAPER) Own*<) and pobliabed d*iiy (eicapt Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Timet Publishing Cos. 214-220 Wert Maryland Street. Indianapolis, fnd. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: alaewbere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. Mat) aubseripUob rates in Indiana. 13 a ear: outside of Indiana. (S cent* a month. BOYD GORLKX. ROT W. HOWARD EARL D. BAKER Editor rresident Business Manager PHONE—R ey AMI SATURDAY. JAN. 23, 1932. Member of United Press Bcrlppe-Howard Newspaper Alliance Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

congress that “the deportation laws should be protected by the issuance of a certificate of residence.” Doak, emboldened by his chief’s complacency, parrots the strange suggestion that all aliens have their fingerprints placed upon naturalization papers. He also apes old world methods by urging that the government be given the right to cancel naturalization within five years after issuance of certificates, in case the alien “violates the law in such manner as to show lack of proper intention at the time of his admission to citizenship.” In short, the administration, accused by its own expert commission of abuse of power, asks for more power to abuse. Who Murdered Marian McLean? Charles Bischoff, a 45-year-old degenerate, recently confessed the murder of an innocent 6-year-old girl, Marian McLean, in Cincinnati. The murder, an of multiple sex perversion, was one of the most horrible ones conceivable. If there ever was a situation to incite mob violence, this is one. Flaying alive, followed by slow burning in oil, would on the face of it seem too good for Bischoff. * In his purely human reactions to such an atrocity as this, the professional criminologist instinctively feels much as the man in the streets. His first impuse is to reach for his can-opener and make for Bischoff. But as a criminologist he recognizes that such an attitude is folly and short-sightedness. To a man of Bischoff’s perverted personality, such an act was as natural as a contribution to the community chest by a law-abiding and benevolent citizen. He was impelled to this almost incredibly brutal act by a complex set of forces running all the way through his defective heredity and his twisted life experience to the special stimulation of his abnormal impulses the day of the murder. The police records and the court processes will say officially that Charles Bischoff murdered Marian McLean. But a more fundamental view of this atrocity will find guilty, not this degenerate, but a delinquently tardy society—specifically, in this case, the state of Ohio. We mention Ohio only because the crime was committed within its formal political boundaries. Ohio is not behind most other states in her criminological theories and practices. In this case, her police showed themselves better controlled and more restrained than those of most sister states. What does it mean when we say that society murdered Manian Mctean? Nothing more or less than the plain fact that psychiatrists, sociologists, and criminologists for years have been urging upon society the adoption of methods which would have made it nearly impossible for such a type as Bischoff ! to be roving at freedom. The conservative and traditional opposition to such measures is responsible for tragic cases such as these. Bischoff’s actual arrest and identification as a degenerate criminal was the work of police detectives when Bischoff was nearing the half-century mark. He should have been picked out as a child by observ- i ant teachers or medical examiners and handed over for proper institutional segregation. Even a cursory medical examination at puberty would have indicated that something was wrong and that trouble might be expected. A mental hygiene survey by Cincinnati in recent years certainly would have revealed him as a potentially dangerous character. Psychology, psychiatry, mental hygiene, and criminology were less developed in Bischoff’s youth than they are today. We shall be doubly culpable if we allow such types to grow up and move at random in the coming generation. Tjp be specific in our recommendations, we need to have psychologists and psychiatrists co-operate with ■ teachers in our public schools. This will enable us to detect the "problem children” in the period of plastic and impressionable youth. Child guidancr clinics and juvenile courts should be right at hand to take these youngsters and apply to them all the resources of science and common sense in the effort to straighten them out before it is too late. If their physical delects and mental twists are too deep-seated to be overcome, then let them be segregated where they can do others no harm. Let us not allow degenerates to grow up unhindered and undetected under our very eyes and then demand mob vengeance after they have committed some horrible act. The fundamental guilt is our own, not that of the defective wretch who peers out from behind prison bars after being apprehended in his guilt. The murder of Marian McLean should provoke thoughtful analysis, not mob hysteria. Unless this paricularly terrible atrocity helps to protect American society against repetitions of such deeds as these, Marian McLean will have died in vain, whether Charles Bischoff is electrocuted, or sent to a hospital for the criminally insane.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THE ARGUMENT that only babies who are wanted should be born, leaves me cold. And the facts disprove it. If every woman told the bare truth, rare indeed would be the child who is ardently desired at the moment of conception. In the back of one’s mind may lie the idea of a future maternal role, but most of us regard this question much like we do that of dying. We know it will happen to us some day. In the meantime, why think of It? And a woman may desire a baby and yet rebel at the imminence of its arrival. For getting right down to (he business of having it is a good deal different from talking zbout it in sentimental terms. Fannie Stearns Davis has expressed the truth about the unwanted baby much better than I can. “I thought I should go gypsying through life, foot free and happier so, I thought it would be always good to fly; I should not need a hearth for sitting by, A fire to warm my hands, a haunting face To lure me home to any prisoned place Os needy love and clamor. I would die Without desire for these . . . Ah. here am I! Hugging you fast, strange helpless little star Fallen to me from space so clear, so far I never coursed it in a dream. I who desired you not but would go free Am held unfluttering in your frail, soft hand No dull and happy woman in the land For living—loving—can keep pace with me.” AND this, let me assure you. is not sentimentalism. It is living truth. Hearts that long have lain fallow, love that is asleep, may be stirred to life and wakefulness by the miracle of the coming of your own baby. And I am of the opinion that no woman who has not experienced the emotional reactions that follow childbirth can speak with authority upon this subject. Her motives may be most sincere, but her information is based on ignorance.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy Says: .

Ohio Ministers Refuse to Support War. What Would They Do if the United States Were to Be Invaded by a Foreign Foe? NEW YORK. Jan. 23.—0hi0 ministers go on record as opposed to war, as unwilling to give it their “financial or moral support,” as solemnly refusing to “acknowledge the obligations” which the supreme court of the United States declared to be binding on citizens when it decided the Macintosh case. Before making up your mind as! to the merits of such a sweeping declaration, just ask yourself what would be the popular attitude had it been pronounced by 400 Communists, instead of 400 clergymen, and whether that has not some bearing on the principle involved? a a a Any One Can Start It WAR is an activity over which j no faction, no party and no! nation exercises complete control, or anything like it. Since anybody can start it, its prevention obviously hinges on a world-wide attitude. Besides, there have been cases, and there probably will be cases in which war represents the only means of protection, or relief. People have been forced into war not only by attack, but by such tyranny and oppression as made war preferable. a a a Invasion; Then What? WHAT would these clergymen do if the United States were to be invaded by a foreign foe, such as Japan, for instance? Not that such a thing is likely, but that it is possible and that they have laid themselves open to every kind of possibility. Would they regard it as wise to accept defeat without resistance and risk the end of American civilization? a a a Theory and Reality THERE is a big difference be- ; tween ideals and ideas, between j what we hope for in theory and what is attainable in practice. We must go on of better days to come, since that is essential to progress, but in doing so, we can not afford to ignore realities. Among all the realities with which we are acquainted, human nature is the most intimate and exacting. | Strive as we may to make ourselves believe that war is contingent on this or that custom, philosophy, or doctrine, we generally are forced to fall back on the very regrettable fact that in nine cases out of ten, it is traceable to the common weaknesses, impulses and caprices of mankind. a a a Not Too Far! • WE each can contribute something toward the prevention j of war. We can educate our children to hate it, can use our influence against the maintenance of vast military establishments and can refuse to assist in any conflict which does not appeal to us as justifiable, or just. On the positive side we can workj for the establishment of judicial! tribunals and, above all else, for the j ideal of setting controversies by ar- I bitration. Further than that, however, it is ; dangerous to go under existing con- j ditiona. a a a Disloyalty Wrong Course UNDER existing conditions, the 50 or 60 recognized governments represent the highest form of law and order we possess. Until we have created something : better, it would be unwise to threat- j en them by open disloyalty under certain circumstances for the .sake j of proving devotion to a wish. Any government could be wrecked j by the refusal of a sufficient number of its citizens to bear armk in case of attack. It might be better, perhaps, if i some governments were to be j wrecked, but that depends on their i character. Indeed, the whole question of war i still revolves around specific cases, specific commitments and specific I ends.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—There is much talk of tax reduction in our state today. It is rather amusing to me that the leader in the special session movement is Senator Lee Hartzell of Ft. Wayne, who, during the 1931 session, was such a strong foe of old age pensions, which the Fraternal Order of Eagles has shown repeatedly is a cheaper method of caring for the worthy old men and women than the poorhouse system. To add to the amusement, Governor Leslie takes great credit for vetoing the pension bill last year, stating he saved the taxpayers' money. I don’t know what kind of arithmetic the Governor and the senator studied, but Ramsey county, Minnesota. under a pension law, is paying $201.12 a person annually, while the poorhouse system, government statistics show, cost $490.78 a person annually. Where does the Governor get the idea his veto saved the people’s money? J. PIERCE CUMMINGS. 3601 Kenwood avenue. Editor Times—While reading the front page of The Times of Jan. 11. I noticed William Cardinal O'Cornell's “roast” in regard to radio crooners. Three rousing cheers and a diamond studded gold medal for him and the big “roast.” At last the voice of a red-blooded man is heard above the boop-a-doop, I love you, brand of degeneracy we have heard over the radio for the last five years. It's time for someone to make a protest and I am glad to note O’Connell has started the ball to rolling. Before 1916 any man trying to “croon" would have received a red necktie from his audience for his efforts, and any one brave enough to suggest a salary of SSOO a week to a “crooner” might have died too soon to send a farewell message to mother. We seem to be among men with children's brains. OBSERVER. What was the value of the California almond and English walnut crops in 1930? The almond crop was valued at $2,700,000; English walnuts $11,160,000. \

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Typhoid Germs Persist After Illness

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IT is commonly understood that typhoid is now under control. If Chicago had today the same typhoid rate that existed in 1890, it would have approximately 60,000 cases of typhoid each year instead of less than 200. With that amount of typhoid, there would be, of course, a serious mortality. But the menace of typhoid continues to exist as long as there are persons who carry about the germs of the disease and who do not take measures to prevent dissemination of germs into food and water where they may multiply and bring about epidemics. In a recent discussion of the subject, Dr. James G. Cumming, chief of the bureau of preventable diseases in the United States army

IT SEEMS TO ME ™ "HW

A YOUNG lady writes to Dorothy Dix in behalf, she says, of a friend. And this is the burden of her perturbation: “How can a girl who is pretty, but does not drink, smoke, or pet, and finds it hard to start a conversation, be the life of the party and popular with the boys? This girl is so beautiful that every one that she passes on the street openly gazes in admiration at her, but, while the boys are attracted by her looks, something keeps them from liking her and asking her out. —Miss C.” Miss Dix has had a long and wide experience in dealing with problems of this sort, and it is dangerous to question the judgment of experts. Yet even a layman in the lovelorn field has a right to his opinion, and I venture to say that Dorothy Dix handles this tragic situation in a clumsy way. B B B Picked Wrong Columnist IF Miss C. had only been wise enough to write to me about it she would have received advice much sounder and more sagacious. In the first place, Miss C., let’s be frank and get away from the pretense that the neglected belle is a “friend.” Your little note shrieks and reeks of autobiographical intent. No girl has a friend as beautiful as all that. Admitting, then, that this is your own problem, let’s get down to cases. Miss Dix has told you that being the life of the party is “a gift from the gods.” This statement seems to me untrue. I believe it can be learned by mail in ten easy lessons sent in a plain sealed wrapper. But I would advise neither you nor anybody els- to take such a course. Miss Dix neglected to tell you that the life of the party—be that one man. woman, or precocious child—ls the boss bore of all trying persons. Through a pretty consistent perusal of advice columns, I gather that most young women who write in desire a good husband, a pleasant home, and one or two mixed children of the better sort. These objects practically never are attained through being the life of the party. That role constitutes in itself a life job. A justice of the supreme court holds office during good behavior, but there is no such limitation put upon the life of the party. Indeed, any such bylaw would limit every reign to approximately one minute and twenty-five seconds. Moreover, I think we can set it dow r n as axiomatic that no pretty girl ever is cast for the role. Miss C. may be mistaken in her assumption that every one on the street “openly gazes in admiration.” Some few probably are intent upon the tall buildings or the men with electric drills working in the excavation. Maybe it is only two-sevenths of the passersby, and perhaps it isn’t 100 per cent pure admiration. man Some Margin of Safety BUT even in scaling down Miss C.’s estimate a little, we leave her ample dpargin of attractiveness to insure her against a fate worse than death. The life of the party

Poor Bait!

medical corps, pointed out that the last typhoid outbreak of importance in this country was due to just such an incident. In 1922, 400 people attended a church supper. Forty-four of these people developed typhoid and four died. An investigation revealed that potato salad had been eaten by all who were taken sick and was indeed the only food at the table that was eaten by all of those who were taken sick. The dressing used in the salad was eliminated from suspicion because it had been boiled. It was found that four women had prepared the salad, peeling and slicing the boiled potatoes while still warm. After the potatoes werfe peeled and dicecl, they were put away in pans covered with towels until the next day. In this suitable atmosphere the

is a lad or a lass from whom all hope of happiness and preferment has fled. The strange antics into which he or she is betrayed represent what Dr. Freud calls a defense mechanism. The elements of a good party consists in deep and wide chairs, tall glasses and a radio which is out of order. Into this Eden there generally glides a serpent. She wants to organize the recreation of the tired business men. She knows how to fix the cursed radio, and she does. She rolls up the rugs and conscripts comfortable guests for a Virginia reel. It is the life of the party who organizes charades, twenty questions and the game called Truth. She lives in New Rochelle, and those who stay late will have to draw lots to ascertain the loser, who must take her home. And when he leaves her on the doorstep with the morning. milk, she will shout cheerily after him that he is not to take any wooden alcohol. Not for the world would I be insensitive to the Inner tragedy of the poor doomed miss. She couldn’t help it. Nobody ever told her. But surely there still is time to save Miss C. from running pell-mell into such a fate. ana Not of the Same Feather MISS C. is guilty of a gross non sequitur when she announces, an ambition to “be the life of the party and popular with the boys.” These two objectives are mutually exclusive. Still, one may occasionally say something bright about the weather without sacrificing her amateur standing. There is reason for Miss C. to take to heart her inability to start a conversation. After a swain has gazed for a little while at a beautiful countenance, he generally has a pardonable curiosity to learn whether it can move in any direction at all. The remedy for the difficulty in

M TODAY ■ > / f IS THE- vs WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

GERMANY’S DEMANDS Jan. 23 ON Jan. 23. 1918, Germany demanded all Baltic provinces ; from Russia. The demand was not , answered on this date. The all-Russian convention of Soviets began sessions in Petro,grad. 1 A. I. Shingaroff and Professor E. F. Kokoshine, cadets and former ministers of the provisional government, were murdered by the Bolsheviki in the Marine hospital at Petrograd. Germans gained a footing east of Nieuport, but were expelled in a counter attack. The French transport La Drome and the trawler Kerbihan were sunk by mines -off Marseilles. ! Forty-five men were lost on the La Drome.

typhoid germs, deposited on the potatoes by two of the four women who had peeled them, developed in such numbers as to cause typhoid fever in forty-four people who ate the potato salad. One of these two women had had typhoid fever twenty-two years before and in the intervening period there had been six cases of typhoid fever in her immediate family. Both of these women were examined again in 1927, whereas the epidemic occurred in 1922, and they were found still to have in their bodies typhoid bacilli which were eliminated in their excretions. Apparently the disease was spread by the contamination of the hands of the carrier with his own excretions, and the use of these contaminated hands in preparing food which was fed to people who did not have resistance against typhoid.

Ideals and opinions expr-ssed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting: writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

the case of the young letter writer seems simple enough, even though Miss Dix neglects to mention it. In fact, Dorothy Dix says, “I don’t think that not smoking and not petting would account for her unpopularity, because millions of girls are not smokers and not all men are petters.” This may be true, but, of course, these are hardly the sort of men a nice girl cares to meet. And the matter of drinking Miss Dix dodges. I won’t. Miss C., before attending another party take a. good stiff snifter of gin just before you enter the reception room. Take another if necessary, and I will guarantee that before the evening is done you will be felling some boy friend the date of Hannibal's death and quoting “Invicus” entire. fCoDvrleht. 1932. bv Thu Times)

Questions and Answers

What is the Spanish word for “hello?” Que tal. In what musical show was the song: “I Found a Million Dollar Baby in the Five and Ten Cent Store?” ‘‘Crazy Quilt,” by Billy Rose. WTiat is the full name of King Alfonso XIII? Alfoiiso, Leon, Fernando, Maria, Jaime, Isidoro, Pascual, Antonio de Bourbon. W’here is the state university of Chile? Santiago. What is the nationality of Duncan Renaldo? He is an American citizen born in Camden, N. J. His mother is a Rumanian gypsy and his father is of Scottish origin.

Bridge Parties Everybody and his grandmother are playing bridge—auction or contract. And there is no form of entertainment that a hostess can select that so easily solves the problem of a number of guests as a bridge party. It lends itself to the simplest, or the most elaborate functions, and may be a feature of a luncheon, tea afternoon or evening party. Our Washington bureau has ready for you its new bulleting on Bridge Parties that contains suggestions that anv hostess will appreciate. It suggests score cards, refreshments nrizes tells how to run a progressive bridge party, auction or contract ’ covers the etiquette of bridge parties, benefit affairs, teas luncheons and club affairs. Fill out the coupon below and 'mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE. Dept. 166, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. 8.: 1 want a copy of the bulletin Bridge Parties, and inclose herewith 5 cents in com, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No Ctty State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

JAN. 23, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Known More Than a Century, Molybdenum Only Recently Came Into Valuable Use as Steel Alloy . MOLYBDENUM is one of the ingredients of the modem machine age. Perhapsnot many readers are acquainted with it. It is a rare metal which the ancient Greeks confused with lead. Two industries, one the backbone of modem industry and the other the chief item in the world's leisurehour program, need molybdenum. They are the steel industry and the radio industry. Radio engineers call molybdenum “the metal that talks.” Each year, the radio industry uses thousands of miles of molybdenum wire. Every radio vacuum tube contains molybdenum. The steel industry uses the metal because it helps make an alloy steel which boasts of both hardness and lightness. Today, new uses are being found for the metal, according to W. H. Phillips, Pittsburgh metallurgist, who has prepared a report upon the subject for the Engineering Foundation of New York. “Thin-walled, high-strength, chro-mium-molybdenum steel tubing has j made modem high-speed airplanes possible,” he says. "No substitute has been found for highly stressed members in the fuselage. It combines the unusual advantages of high strength without complex heat treatment, easy weldability, and no appreciable loss of desirable properties in welded .joints. It enables designers to increase strength with no increase in weight.” a a a Found in Sword PHILLIPS tells an interesting story about molybdenum. “Years ago a German steel expert analyzed a part o f a sword blade made by a famous Japanese artist, Masamune, 1330 A. D., and discovered in it the rare element, molybdenum, doubtless as an impurity," he says. “This led the discoverer to ascertain the source of Masamune’s alloy iron. Thereupon he purchased this iron in large lots, much to the surprise of the Japanese. Later, when they analyzed captured German cannon, they decided where a part at least of the molybdenum ore was obtained.” Discovered by Scheele in 1778 in the form of an oxid, molybdenum was first separated as a metal by Hjelm in 1782. It is now produced commercially by hyrogen reduction of the oxide, pure oxide being obtained from ammonium molybdate. The resulting metallic powder is sintered, forged and rolled into desired shapes. When pure, molybdenum is soft, white and ductile. “During the last thirty-five years, a great deal of research was done in Europe, Japan and the United States,” Phillips says. “Many characteristics were developed. Not until the World war did molybdenum come Into prominence; It was extensively used as an alloying element in light armor plate, helmets and Liberty engines bcea'use of great increase in strength and toughness imparted to steel.” a a a American Deposits THE discovery of large deposit? of molybdenum ores in tlig United States has increased the use of the metal in recent years. While there are deposits in various part? of the world, America now boasts the largest and richest ones which are known. Phillips says that new methods of refining the ore is gradually lowering the cost of the metal. “It has been said that, excepting carbon, molybdenum is the most potent alloying element added to steel,” he continues: “Molybdenum can be substituted for tungsten in the ratio of one for two. In quantities generally used in steel, molybdenum for the most part goes into solution with the iron, though when present in percentages of over 1 per cent, or when considerable quantities of chrome or manganese are present, it forms a double carbide. “It is also probable that a definite compound of molybdenum and iron is formed when cooled through the critical range. Used in percentages as low as one-tenth of 1 per cent, or two pounds to the ton, it has shown marked tendencies in resisting corrosion. In percentages up to 10 per cent if offers a possible substitute for the tungsten high-speed tool steels. ’’Thus do we find modern industry, engineering and research making a place for a material known for a century and a half, but little used until within the last few years.”

Daily Thought

So built we the wall; and all the wail was joined together unto the half thereof; for the people had a mind to work.—Nehemiah 4:fi. Unless a man works he ran not find out what he Is able to do.— Hamerton.