Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 219, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 January 1932 — Page 4

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AH So Useless Evety day brings new evidence of the wasteful and senseless situation for which the people have no remedy. President Willson of the school board has called attention to the condition of a number of school buildings. They require repairs and in some cases new and modern buildings should be erected to care for the education of children. That would'tost money. Today, unfortunately, the tax burdened citizen is in no position to spend money for new buildings. He is in a hard race with the sheriff to protect his home from being sold on the auction block. But thousands of men, trained to erect buildings, are out of work and have been out of work for months. They are idle and the factories which prepare materials are idle. The men in the mine and the forest are idle. Large numbers of these men are compelled to ask for aid for their families in these difficult days. There is not one of these idle builders, one of these idle men in factories, who would not much prefer to be at work erecting new buildings for the children of today and of tomorrow. The cost of idleness is rapidly becoming heavier than the cost of erecting useful and needed public improvements. It may be necessary to revise some other things before idle men can again build schoolhouses that are safe and sanitary. It may be necessary to change financial systems so that money and not men will be cheap. But it is all so useless and the people stagger a long blindly without leadership. The people still stand for unsafe school buildings while builders are idle. Someone will find a way to get out of a situation that would be absurd were it not filled with mere tragedy and more menace than has existed in the world since the great war. Unless we are ready to admit that our civilization is also to be deflated to the point of bankruptcy, it might be well to give men their inalienable right to work and children their God-given right to safety. Dollar Diplomacy With commendable persistence, the senate finance committee is sticking to the Johnson investigation of foreign loans and concessions, despite efforts of the state department to block the inquiry. There will be many foreign loans and concessions in the future, with the state department playing a part in such deals. If the cause and nature of past abuses can be uncovered, it will help in working out a more effective system of governmental relationship to such semi-diplomatic commerce and finance. We do not profess to know what the exact relationship of the government should be to foreign loans. That will have to be worked out by experience. We agree with the growing public opinion that the unauthorized power usurped by the state department in passing upon private foreign loans has had vicious results. But we can not agree with some critics, such as Senator Glass, that the solution is no governmental regulation. The familiar assertion that there should be no connection between a private foreign loan and government policy may be very pretty in theory. But it is a complete denial of the facts of experience, not only of the United States, but of every other creditor nation. Even though it is not necessary to restrict foreign loans almost exclusively to diplomatic purposes, as in France, or to follow the old British practice of ear-marking foreign credits for special trade advantages or imperial favors, some connection is inevitable. For instance, if New York bankers float a loan for Japan’s South Manchurian railway—as often proposed—it might make thousands of American citizens in effect partners in Japan’s conquest of Manchuria, and it certainly would influence American diplomatic and naval policy. Similarly, so long as the Caribbean is considered an “American lake,’’ essential to the security of the Panama canal, it is futile to talk about the Washington government keeping its nose out of Colombian or Nicaraguan or other Central American private loans and concessions. Interests of private American capital in Mexico, Cuba, and other countries often are the key to state department and navy department policies. Concessions and loans can be the cause of war, just as they so often are the cause of military intervention. Therefore, the American people have a right to expect their government to protect their interests—and the larger interests of the country—when jeopardized by the avarice, corruption, or folly of private American concerns abroad. Obviously this necessary protection of the national interest is possible only when our government is informed fully of all such transactions, as the state department has insisted upon being informed. The fault has not been that the government was keeping its eye and hand on such vital deals, but that the state department has been neither wise nor open in its policy.

Wheat Relief House shelves bill giving needy wheat, says a headline. Will Democrats permit people to go hungry by failure to pass a simple measure, giving away not money, but wheat, that this government has and can not get rid of otherwise, without destroying the farmer's already low market? Can it be true that Speaker Garner and Representative Marvin Jones, his fellow Democrat from Texas and head of the agriculture committee, are letting others override their own convictions, publicly expressed, without a fight? Can it be true that Democrats will cheat the #heat farmers of a chance to profit by getting some of the farm board’s large surplus stocks into channels of consumption? Can it be true that the Democrats are unwilling actually to save the government money by permitting a part of this wheat to be taken out of the elevators? Every day the government is having to pay storage charges. Can it be that Democrats, in the house they control, will allow hunger to persist without making a direct attempt to alleviate it? Scrapped Lawrence N. Sloan, vice-president of the Standard Statistical Service, estimates that of the 7,000,000 Jobless, 15 per cent are unemployed permanently as the result of machine processes. Here are 1,505,000 surplus workers, able-bodied Americans, willing to work, but muscled out of the industrial system. What do we propose to do about this million. We can take our choice between eventually a permanent dole or the shorter day. and week.

The Indianapolis Times (A ucuiwu-uowauu newspaper) owned and publUbed daily Bnnday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 Weat Maryland titrpet. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere 8 cents—delivered bj carrier 12 cent* a week. Mail gubacriptlon rataa in Indiana. 13 a car; outside of Indiana, flft cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. 801 W. HOWARD. EAKL D. BARER. Editor Prealdent Buslneaa Manager PHONE—K f-7 Ittfil THURSDAY. JAW. 31, 1932. Member ot United Preaa bcrlppa*Howard Newapaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Aaaoelation Newapaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

“God Bless You, Bill!” Then up rose Representative Upshaw of Georgia to bestow upon Governor “Alfalfa Bill” Murray the dry benediction of the national anti-saloon convention in Washington. “God bless you, Bill!” he shouted. But before the blessed Bill had finished his speech the drys would like to have changed that benediction. Murray had shied another monkey wrench. Into the very midst of prohibition’s holy of holies he had thrown a challenge to “fanaticism.” He told them that “prohibition will not prove the wisest legal solution of the control of the liquor traffic.” This raw-boned Oklahoman is no yokel. While he may not be the statesman his intimates consider hinj, he is more than an eccentric who stands on his head, drinks coffee at committee hearings, and calls out troops to enforce oil edicts. He is a clever politician with ambition to be President. And nothing so proves that the Anti-Saloon League Is under a cloud than that Bill Murray publicly has defied it to do its worst. A Practical Suggestion for President Butler President Nicholas Murray Butler complains that American youth—and many American elders—have lost their manners. In his annual report he writes: “That there has been for some years past a steady decline in the practice of good manners is, unhappily, indisputable. Distinction and correctness of speech, of appearance and of manners no longer are esteemed as they once were. Whatever the cause may be, their results are deplorable, and there is need of constant and strong emphasis on those personal habits which manifest themselves in good manners.” With startling coincidence, the same papers which carried Dr. Butler’s jibe at the etiquet of our young folk also printed the reassuring news that the University of Oklahoma just has announced a course on “How to Carve at the Table.” Here is a challenge to Dr. Butler. He complains in eloquent phrases about the defects in the manners of our young people. Will he do something more than talk? Will he take a practical step and institute a similar course in carving in Columbia university and make it a requirement for the bachelor of arts degree? He has some thousands of youngsters under his dominion. If he will do nothing practical to improve the manners of his own students, how can he complain appropriately about the manner of American youth in general? This course in carving at Oklahoma doubtless will afford an excuse for much arrogant bantering by highbrow educational wise-crackers. But a little realistic debate would put them in extreme logical straits. If education is to be a preparation for life, then “How tc Carve at the Table” furnishes a better talking point than many, if not most, of the courses in our present-day respectable college curriculum. How many men who had four years of high school Latin, followed by two or three years in college, can read their college diplomas today? The famous bridge engineer, J. A. L. Waddell, entitled his classic treatise on bridges “De Pontibus.” Asked to explain this strange procedure, he stated that he had taken eight years of Latin in his educational career. In a long and busy life, he never had the slightest occasion to use any of it. So, in sheer desperation, he resolved to drag it in before he died. As over against the fact that perhaps once in a lifetime we might humiliate a poor lowbrow by Chaucerian philology, we have to face the fact that on seven nights out of every week and about one Sunday out of every two we are faced with the stark responsibility of carving, serving, or both. And this is no responsibility to be taken lightly. Much hangs upon it. It is the corner stone of the esthetics of the dining room. The best of furnishings and silver are set at naught by a frightfully haggled fowl or roast. Domestic felicity may be disrupted by the husband’s indignation that the carving has not been done in the kitchen, or by the wife’s annoyance and contempt at her spouse’s awkward butchery. Children may develop contempt for their hard-working and worthy parent if he falls down badly before so seemingly simple a feat of manual dexterity. Further, gastronomic efficiency and good digestion inseparably are involved. Our physiological chemists tell us that gastric juices cease to flow when conditions provoking annoyance, anger and gloom are present. A notoriously bad job of carving may leave an otherwise excellent meal a soggy and undigested mass in the stomachs of the whole family circle. It would be a strongly pedantic old fogy who would defend Old English or Latin Epigraphy against “How to Carve.” An Ontario judge would like to sentence radio crooners to life. But that would only be familiarizing them with a few more bars.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

MANY women who have fought their way into industry or have been forced there by circumstances are not accustomed sufficiently to the new freedom to bring unbiased minds to their problems. For centuries we have battled fiercely with each Dther for possession of the male. It is only a recent experience, however, that has set us at each other’s throats in an even fiercer combat over jobs. And though we are now engaged by thousands in the market places, man still holds the position of arbiter of our industrial destiny. He remains the employer, the paymaster, the boss. We are in the main merely neophytes courting his notice and his favor. Each time anew factor enters into a competitive ousiness system such as ours it compels new adjustments. It is the strain and stress of such an adjustment through which we are passing. MEN reseat the feminine intrusion into business fields. Thousands of them” see jobs taken by women who work for less than they have been in the habit of doing. Single girls fight against the married women whose positions they desire and often sorely need. The married woman battles for the primal right of every American citizen, the right to work if she can find something to do. She finds it hard to understand that the thing for which she was praised so highly fifteen years ago she now is condemned for. The young man fights the old one, and the 010 one repels the attacks of diploma-armed youths who assail him yearly, a thousand strong. All this fills the national scene with woe. We hear charges laden with rancor, bitterness and hatred. Nothing, however, is more clear than this: If there were enough jobs for everybody we should not have all this criticism of the woman worker, married or single. So we must believe, if we are to preserve our sanity, that no group is responsible for this plight in which we find ourselves. The blame justly can not be heaped upon any class of citizens. It is a situation through which we must huddle together. And uncharitableness and Vindictiveness toward each other will not help us, even as they never helped men ox; .womea Kith solving their problems,

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES -

M. E. Tracy Says:

Those Who Would Get Rid of the Fort and Battleship Should Begin With the Trade Barrier. NEW YORK, Jan. 21.—American delegates leave for the Geneva arms conference, which opens F'eb. 2. Good as the objective may be, they might just as well have stayed at home. The world is in no mood to talk about disarmament, much less do anything. People are too nervous and too scared. Besides, the whole tendency of recent events is against it. If the pressure of debt and taxation can’t make people see the wisdom of spending less for armies and navies, what can? Certainly, it will take more than eloquence. Strange as it may seem, the pressure of debt and taxation has driven governments in an opposite direction, influencing them to adopt unheard of high tariffs and resort to other trade restrictions, all of which has only added to the already tense feeling of suspicion and distrust. n n u Humanity Frightened WE are not going to get anywhere with disarmament, the League of Nations, the world court, or other activities designed to bring about a reign of law, until the economic atmosphere has been cleared. Civilized humanity is frightened, and has been ever since the war began. It is frightened not alone because of the awful things that have happened, but because of the still more awful things which it imagines can happen; not alone because of what it has suffered, but because of the innumerable ways in which it has been disappointed. Outside of a few camp followers and munitions contractors, no one got anything of value out of the war, and the ensuing peace has turned out equally futile thus far. an Another War? THOUGH it has been twelve years since the battle ended, the civilized world still is laboring in the throes of misery, Though it seems incredible, there are millions of people toying with the idea that another war might make conditions better. There are millions more toying with the thought that revolution is possible, if not desirable. This state of mind has driven one country after another into dictatorship, and for precisely the same reason it is driving them to arms. * n u Debts Block Peace DEBT forms the basis of fear and confusion. As long as it hangs like a shadow on the human horizon, and as long as it is reflected in constantly rising taxes on the one hand, and in declining commerce on the other, just so long will it remain an obstacle to peace. Peace, whether for individuals or nations, can have no other solid foundation than peace of mind. That is what the world lacks today. There is not a civilized country on earth but what is tense with anxiety and apprehension in one form or another. n x n Tariff and Trade BRINGING the problem right home to ourselves, how can we hope for a return of prosperity, without a restoration of our foreign trade? How can we hope for that, until credit has been re-established and existing barriers removed? Those who think we have no interest in German reparations, or German recovery, take a most unintelligent view of the situation. Those who think the tariff war which is forcing many American manufacturers to build branches in Canada, England, France and Latin-America, has no effect on unemployment in this country, take an even more unintelligent view. * U Security First DISARMAMENT is of necessity a follow up of economic readjustment. People are not going to give up their armies and navies, until they feel much safer than they do today. The French cry for security finds an echo in every land, except our own, and it is beginning to have some effect here. Those who would get rid of the fort and battleship should begin with the trade barrier.

Questions and Answers

What football player made the famous run in the wrong direction that lost the game for his team, and when was it made? The play was made by Roy Riegels, center on the University of California team, who recovered a fumble in the “Tournament of Roses” game against Georgia Tech in 1929, and becoming confused, started for a touchdown toward his own goal line. He was finally brought down by his jteam mate, Benny Lom, almost at the goal line. Lom attempted to punt out of danger on the next play, but the kick was blocked and downed behind the goal line, scoring a safety for GeorEta Tech. As tfc? score ended 8 to 7, this mistake op the part of Riegels represented the margin between defeat and victory. How is the value of a diamond determined. The value cannot be determined by absolute standards. Weight, cut, brilliancy, color and perfection of the stones and supply and demand are factors, in estimating the value. Colorless stones usually bring higher prices than off-color stones, but if. decided tints of red, blue and green are present, that may increase the value abnormally. The value ordinarily increases in a ratio to the weight, but this rule does not hold ! good for the largest stones, the j prices of which cannot be fixed. How can one tell the top and bottom of fruit? Generally speaking, the stem end is considered the base or bottom ; and the blossom end is the apex or jtop. What Is the subscription rate for the Congressional Record? One dollar and fifty cents a month; *8 for the long session and fen *be short term session.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Vitamins Affect Health of Teeth

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. THE people who live in northwest Greenland live chiefly on meat. They have remarkably good teeth. The people who live on the Island of Tristan da Cunha, as pointed out by Dr. E. V. McCollum, live chiefly on a vegetable diet and they also have remarkably good teeth. Obviously, it is not safe to say that either a meat diet or vegetable diet is the perfect diet for good teeth. There are numerous factors concerned in the human diet—not only organic substances, but also the inorganic salts and the vitamins. It is known that deficiencies of vitamin A seriously damage the cells which give life to teeth, and it is known that these are also

IT SEEMS TO ME

PRACTICALLY all the good speeches delivered in this country during the last four years have been made by Nicholas Murray Butler. His address before the League of Nations Association in Philadelphia last week was superb in its clear white passion for international understanding and co-operation. Dr. Butler assailed the folly of the isolationists. He outlined the tragic consequences of tariff barriers. His voice rose as hj denounced those who “object violently to the dole when It is in the form of payment to an individual without employment, but applauded it as wise and patriotic when it is in the form of a bounty to themselves and their own undertakings.” And next November Nicholas Murray Butler will go to the polls and vote for Herbert Hoover. So far as history records, Dr. Butler never has made any rational adjustment between his own economic beliefs and his political affiliations. Dr. Butler opposes prohibition, high tariffs, big armaments and isolation at all times except during election campaigns, when he steadfastly supports the Republican party. Even so meager a candidate as that of Colonel Carrington could not drive the president of Columbia into party irregularity. * u In the Camp of the Enemy WHO stands against the repeal of Volsteadism? Who but Hoover! Who stands against tariff reform? Who but Hoover! And, indeed, there is not a single item in the creed of Dr. Butler which does not find its fiercest opponents within the party which he has helped to keep in power. It could be argued that Nicholas Murray Butler dwells in the camp of the enemy as a sort of spy, seeking by devious ways to bring about conversion. r . here are few facts to support any such theory. Some years ago Dr. Butler led a slight skirmish to liberalize his party’s views on prohibition, but, being defeated in the convention, he played the part of the goodnatured soldier anu supported *he platform and the ticket with lis accustomed vigor. Not for the world would I cast any aspersions on the sincerity of Dr. Butler’s work for world peace and world stability. His words are, as I have said, not only clear but passionate. It is his political activities which seem to me perfunctory. He will, I assume, have his tongue in his cheek when he votes for Hoover. At the moment that is about all that millions of Americans can put in their cheek. u * Not a Club Affiliation BUT Nicholas Murray Butler is tragically mistaken if he assumes that politics must forever be a sort of club affiliation meaning absolutely nothing in the way of effecting changes in the world. He preached at Philadelphia the old Jeffersonian principle of a decent respect for the opinions of mankind. And he can gain three legs and permanent possession only when he adds living example to precept. Dr. Butler not only understands, but gives f loquent expression to the heijef that t'hq world jeguM is

Cornered!

likely to be injured by lack of vitamin C. It seems possible that any injury to the tissues which give life to the teeth and which hold the teeth in position may permit infection irom the blood and thereby bring about further damage. It is well known that vitamin D controls the handling of calcium by the human body and that an insufficient amount of vitamin D will prevent ealsifleation. One investigator has shown that a large dosage of vitamin C in the form of orange and lemon juices will increase resistance to dental caries. Dr. E. V. McCollum believes that deprivation of vitamin C for twenty days will bring about visible damage to the tooth pulp, and that it is possible therefore that a deficiency of vitamin C may be particularly responsible for dental caries. On the other hand, there are

the mire because we are all creatures of habit. Some phrase such as “no entangling alliances” sticks in our mind long after it has any meaning. It is as if a man, going down for the third time, were to explain: “Say what you will, I won’t go near the water.” And, unfortunately, Nicholas Murray Butler himself is not yet free from an addiction. He said in Philadelphia: “If national prosperity is to be restored and to continue, new and natural economic unities must be created by overleaping political boundaries, now in one direction, now in another, and now in many directions at once.” * Loyalty Still Remains DR. BUTLER has been graduated well above the level of Decaturism. He does not believe in “My country, right or wrong.” He seems to know that patriotism in that sense means a willingness not only to cut the throat of the other fellow, but your own as well. No, indeed, Nicholas Murray Butler would be guilty of no such folly.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—What a bunch of sour grapes Cardinal O’Connell of Boston must have tuned in on. One must admit, of course, there are times when they are forced to listen to a “bum” program, that is, if they expect to get any use out of their radios, and do feel like uttering a lot of X Y Zs, but that isn’t often. Cardinal O’Connell spoke as an individual in voicing his dislike to the modern radio crooner. I am glad he was not spokesman for the nation. What if some of the newer songs are suggestive? Weren’t they so back in the gay nineties? How about “Every Little Movement Has a Meaning of Its Own”? Few songs set America humming quicker, yet it was quite suggestive. Cardinal O’Connell also is mistaken in the statement, “No true American would practice this base art.” If it is base, then it can not be art, for the very word symbolized beauty of one kind or another. Personally, I would call real crooning an art, for I think it is beautiful. Most of us, young and old, enjoy a good symphony, or we can listen to a string band such as they had when the cardinal was a boy, and like it, but, speaking of “immoral, imbecile slush," some of their old-time hoedowns just about “take the cake.” Not only the theaters have gone pagan, cardinal, it is the process of the world in general just reverting to its natural state. It must be very necessary, because without it there would be no need for a certain element of others to “seek and save.” I would not listen so closely to a program that did not appeal to be, as the cardinal did. It’s a case of play in your own back yard, cardinal, and let the modern musical imbecile, if you will, play in his. MARGARET O. STEARNS. What is a moron? A person whose mental capacity has been arrested during development; a feeble minded person, of higher intelligent than an imbecii*

some faces of man which have a very low incidence of dental caries whose diets are not particular rich in vitamin C. Moreover, rats which seem to have the ability to develop vitamin C in their own bodies, show marked decay of the teeth. In investigations made on the pig, whose constitution more nearly resembles that of man than does the constitution of the rat, Dr. McCollum found that a diet given to the mother before birth of the offspring which did not contain the materials to prevent rickets, had little effect on the teeth of the offspring: but if either the mother or the offspring received such a diet during the suckling period, the teeth were likely to develop defects in structure and disease. There is evidence that numerous factors are involved in proper development of the teeth. Apparently vitamin A C and D are important.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

All he says is the Republican party, right or wrong. From the same platform where Dr. Butler made his speech a letter of Newton Baker’s was read. And in terms much like those used by the president of Columbia Mr. Baker urged a greater co-operation upon the part of the United States with its neighbors. If any man from Mars happened to be in the audience he would naturally have assumed that here were two fighting the good fight shoulder to shoulder. He would be amazed to learn that Newton Baker may well be the candidate of the Democrats for President of the United States, and that in such an event Nicholas Murray Butler may be expected to stump the country against him. Dr. Butler is quite right that we should cease to maintain a provincial attitude in world affairs which makes for misery both at home and abroad. But may I suggest that one step toward the light consists in being done with parochialism in party affiliations. < Copyright. 1932. by The Times> & T ?J3£ Y ~® Jsmm SINKING OF THE LOUVAIN —January 21— ON Jan. 21, 1918, the armed boarding steamer Louvain was sunk in the Mediterranean. More than 210 persons lost their lives. Cause of the disaster was unknown, but it is thought to have occurred from collision with a sunken mine. British aviators scored in night raids over Lorraine, bombarding Mannheim, Treves, Saarbrucken and Thionville. Two of Britain’s war leaders resigned from the war cabinet. They were Sir Edward Carson and Lieu-tenant-Colonel James Craig, lord treasurer of the household.

Parties - - Parties—Pa rtiesl Our Wasnington Bureau has ready for you anew bulletin on Parties for All Occasions. Holiday Parties, Lincoln and Washington's Birthday Parties, “Kid” Parties for Grownups, Children’s Parties and a lot mpre. It gives interesting suggestions for decorations games and costumes for all sorts of parties. If you want a copy fill out the coupon below and mall as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE -- Dept. 161, Washington Burau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue. Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin PARTIES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

JAN. 21, 1932

SCIENCE ! BY DAVID DIETZ * Dr. Kendall’s Method of Making Invisible Germs Visiblo May Go Down as 1981’s Chief Scientific Achievement. LET us have one more look at 1931 before turning our attention to what the scientists are doing and promise to do In 1932. It is not easy to say what the outstanding scientific event of 1931 was. The task in 1930 was simpler. The discovery of the planet, Pluto, was the scientific sensation of that year. It isn’t every—or every century for that matter—that anew planet is discovered. The event which one remembers best in the scientific world of 1931 will depend largely upon one’s own interests. Some, perhaps, will remember 1931 as the year in which Niagara Falls got anew face. Before daylight on Jan. 18, 1931, the most beautiful part of the American Falls, the famous “bridal veil” between Goat Island and the American shore, was marred by a gaping U-shaped indentation. The change, the greatest in the appearance of the falls since it was first seen by the white man, resulted from the breaking away of thousands of tons of rock from the rim of the falls. The gap made by the break is 150 feet wide and about 200 feet deep. It suggests to geologists that estimates of the age of Niagara Falls based on the gradual wearing away of the rim my give the falls too great an age. But while there were many scientific events and discoveries, it is quite possible that the future may prove that the most important one in 1931 was the discovery made by Pi lessor Arthur I. Kendall in the realm of bacteriology. u * * Germs Made Visible DR. KENDALL’S discovery has been hailed as the greatest since the days of Pasteur, when it first was demonstrated that bacteria, were the causes of many diseases. Dr. Kendall, who is a member of the faculty of the Northwestern university medical school, showed that disease germs existed in different forms. Until Dr. Kendall’s work, many disease germs had never been seen. These invisible germs were known as th filtrabl viruss, since they would pass through the finest filters. Dr. Kendall developed a special protein medium in which to grow germs. He also showed that it was possible to turn known visible germs into invisible sorts. Asa result of his work, it now is believed that many germs, perhaps all, lead dual lives, existing at times in the invisible form, and at others in the visible form. An important discovery growing out of Dr. Kendall’s work concerns the nature of bacteriophage, the invisible filter-passing substance which in past exepirments seemed to have the power of destroying germs. When Dr. Kendall placed bacteriophage in his special medium, he obtained cultures of the germs which the “phage” is supposed to destroy. n tt h New Tools for Science ANOTHER important discovery of 1931 was the new microscope developed by Dr. Rife of San Diego. This microscope, said to be the most powerful ever built, is expected to yield new secrets in many realms of science. Dr. Kendall, it is reported, has been using the new microscope recently in his studies of germs. The year 1931 was an important one in the development of new tools for science. In addition to the Rife microscope, these include the De GraafT generator, a simplified static electric machine which, it is believed, will deliver electrical potentials of 200,000,000 volts, and the solar furnace which concentrates sunlight to give a temperature of 10,000 degrees, the temperature of the sun’s surface. Drs. Lange and Brasch of the University of Berlin succeeded in building a powerful X-ray tube capable of operating at 2,600,000 volts. The tube is of special construction, consisting of alternate rings of paper, rubber and aluminum. Another important discovery consisted of a method of generating X-rays without any X-ray tube at all. The new method was developed by M. G. Reboul of the physics laboratory at Montpelier, France. Reboul forced electrical currents through substances like alum, which are highly resistant to the electrical current. X-rays were produced, perhaps as the result of the substance by the electrons of the electrical current.

Daily Thought

He shall judge thy poeple with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment.—Psalms 72:2. Men’s judgments sway on that side fortune leans.—George Chapman. What do you call words that have the same spelling but different meanlrgs? Homonyms.