Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 216, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 January 1932 — Page 4

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S C X / - M OW AMD

The Special Session Members of the state senate, gathering in protest against being made rubber stamps for any program which a few citizens may conjure as the best which the friends of the Governor will approve, decide that a special session is necessary. That is the important part of their decision. The rest of their deliberations are not as reassuring to the people who are demanding relief from the present tax burdens. There will be a deep sympathy with the declaration that the cost of government be reduced, if the cuts be made in the proper quarters. There could be very properly a curb put on such expenditures as the $64,000 spent for washing the face of the statehouse when the work could have been done for much less. '"here could be a cut In much waste that is involved in conduct of some of the state institutions. There could be a cut in the salaries of some of the higher paid officials. But when there is a proposal to throw aside the minimum wage of school teachers, now fixed at SBOO a year, the people will very properly protest that they do not want their children reared under the direction of starved and worried teachers. For the most part, the rank and file of public employes are not overpaid. Some of the jobs may be useless and might be abolished. But teachers and policemen and clerks who render actual service should be paid a living wage, at least, and any reductions in that direction would be too small to be noticeable in any tax levies. The big problem is to shift the taxes from farms and real estate to incomes and on that question the senators were much too silent. The attitude of the senators on the matter of being made rubber stamps for a fixed program handed them by a committee is commendable. They were elected by the people to make the laws if given a chance. The law recognizes that emergencies may exist where special sessions are necessary to give immediate relief. Such an emergency, in the opinion of these lawmakers, now exists. Under the shadow of a campaign for re-election these lawmakers are much more likely to reflect the demands of the majority of citizens than they were at the regular session. One of the pledges on which a majority of the lower and larger body of lawmakers was elected provided for a tax on incomes to replace the tax on farms which are now being confiscated by the state. Why not meet and pass such a law? “The Dirtiest Job” The Wickersham experts, in their Mooney-Billings report, now in the hands of the United States senate, pack into 600 pages a narrative of California’s judicial nightmare remarkable for its drama and brevity. Judge Franklin A. Griffin of San Francisco, in his letter to Federal Judge W. S. Kenyon, as revealed in the report, exposes with even greater clarity what he called "the dirtiest job ever put over” as it was enacted in his own court room sixteen years ago. Only four witnesses, he tells Kenyon, connected Tom Mooney with the Preparedness day bomb murders. Os these, three —Frank Oxman and the two Edeau women—“were wilful and deliberate perjurers.” Oxman, who testified he saw Mooney and Billings set the bomb, “was not within ninety miles of the scene of the crime.” The Edaus “were produced with knowledge in the hands of the prosecution that they had given an entirely different account of their activities on the day of the tragedy than that to which they testified.” There remained the fourth—John McDonald, the pitiful, disease-racked itinerant waiter, who confessed perjury and was denounced by ex-Governor Young’s pardon board as “a pathological liar.” “Not only did these four witnesses perjure themselves,” wrote Judge Griffin, “but the disclosures since Mooney’s trial point almost conclusively to the fact that they were produced as witnesses with knowledge that their testimony was false.” What more is there to say? Nothing, except to give thanks for this honest, courageous judge and to pray that California has elected a Governor as honest and courageous as he.

Two Hypocritical Notes The evasive American note to Japan on the Manchurian crisis has received a reply in kind. In an equally hypocritical note, Japan insults world intelligence, Secretary of State Stimson, by failing to cite Jajnn for treaty violation, gave Tokio an out, which it now proceeds to take. After four months of continuous violation of our nine-power and Kellogg treaties, and the complete destruction of Manchurian self-government with bombing planes and machine guns, the Japanese military dictatorship now has the effrontery to thank the United States for supporting “Japan’s efforts to secure full and complete fulfillment in every detail of the treaties of Washington and the Kellogg treaty for the outlawry of war.” After interference with the economic equality of opportunity of Americans and others, the imperialistic Tokio government poses as the protector of the oppn door: “The policy of the open door always will be maintained in Manchuria.” After brutally driving Manchurian government officials out of office and out of their homeland and setting up Japanese puppets, Japan now selfrighteously accuses the local officials of deserting their posts: “Any replacement which has occurred in the personnel of the administration of Manchuria has been the necessary act of the local population. . . . They (local officials) for the most part fled cr resigned.” After repeating again her hollow pledge to the American nine-power and Kellogg treaties in theory. Japan actually justifies their destruction in practice by the following dishonest statement: “It may be added that the treaties which relate to China necessarily must be applied with due regard to the state of affairs from time to time prevailing in that country, and that the present unsettled and distracted state of China is not what was in the contemplation of the high contracting parties at the time of the (nine-power) treaty of Washington —(which, of course, is untrue, the purpose of the treaty being to protect China from foreign aggression just because she was in ‘an unsettled and distracted state’). “This can not affect the binding character oi the stipulations of the treaties, but it may in material respect* modify their application." In other words, black is white and treaties are to be observed, but not applied. • • • L We can understand how the miltarists otgJapan. jeedlesa of their country’s honor and world friend-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKII’I’S iIOHAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and pnbllahed daily (except Souday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-22 U Weal Maryland Street. Indianapolis, ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents —delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana. S3 a *oar: outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor ('resident Business Manager PHONE— K oy 5551 MONDAY. JAN. 1, 1933. Member of United Press. Scrtpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ship, might be driven by a false sense of imperialistic patriotism to such position. But we can not understand why the Hoover administration, sworn to uphold American treaties, refuses to cite Japan for their violation and refuses to confer with the other nine-power nations for joint action, as provided by that treaty. We repeat what we said when Secretary Stimson sent his weak note to Japan on Jan. 7: “As the record stands today, the United States is open to the charge made abroad that it does not formally invoke the treaties now, for fear these same treaties some day may be invoked against American imperialism.” The issue is not Manchuria, but the world’s peace machinery. The issbe is not alone whether Japan can break the treaties with the tacit consent of the other powers, but whether in the future some American or European imperialistic government can start a war without being challenged even verbally—much less challenged with a diplomatic or economic boycott. Watch This Commission It is ridiculous and unfortunate that congress should have to watch every move of the federal power commission, but apparently this is necessary. During the year it has been in office the new commission has done little to inspire confidence either in its capacity for performing a difficult task or its devotion to public as opposed to private power company interest. Its most recent performance, in the vital matter of examining and approving power company accounts, certainly should be studied by congress before the commission is given funds to operate during the coming year. This matter of power company accounts is the heart of federal regulation of utility companies. It was because the power commission sought to deflate the accounts of Clarion River Power Company that suit was brought challenging the authority of the commission. * It is because the Appalachian Electric Power Company is unwilling to have its accounts examined that it has tried for so long to get a “minor part” license and has brought suit questioning constitutionally of the power act. It was this matter of accounts that caused congress to reorganize the power commission last year, when chief accountant V. King and and former solicitor Charles Russell disclosed that nothing had been done in the ten years the power act had been in effect, to remove something like a hundred million dollars of alleged padding from power company accounts. Hitting Below the Belt Hints here and there indicate that this period of distress and fear for workers may be selected by utility companies as the opportune moment for depriving their employes by law of the right to strike. The right of a utility employe to strike is discussed at considerable length in the current issue of Public Utilities Fortnightly, which calls attention to the timeliness of the subject “in the face cf present economic readjustments.” The article stresses the importance of service rendered by utilities and states that “the withdrawal of the labor of any of these workers would lead to profoundly serious and possibly disastrous consequences.” As an alternative for collective bargaining by utility employes, it suggests compulsory arbitration, and points out that if such arbitration “should result in higher labor costs and thereby threaten to encroach upon the ‘fair return’ that regulation seeks to provide, the utility would be entitled to a rate readjustment permitting increased revenue.” At a time when workers are sincerely grateful for any job, when the specter of starvation dogs every, footstep, the loss of abstract rights, to be of benefit only in the future, is not the burning issue that food and shelter for today and tomorrow is. That is why labor’s climb always has been so difficult. Yet this proposal of the utilities, if it is to be made .seriously, should be considered apart from the atmosphere of depression, with regard to its long time effect, and considered long and earnestly. An ethnologist offered to take eight “tenderfeet” on an exploring adventure to South America for $5,000. But they would get more adventure for their money if they let it be known they would carry it down some street in Chicago. Germany has stopped paying reparations. Well, now that we know we’re not going to get the money, we can forget about it and see what we can get out of the depression. Members of the Alimony Club jailed at White Plains, N. Y., have radios in their cells. Which, with all the crooners on the air, is almost reverting to capital- punishment.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

“TAO you know,” inquires an inquisitive gentleJL/ man, “why high-strung, sensitive, and scholarly men live complacently with cowish wives?” I am glad this correspondent uses discrimination in his choice of adverbs, since the word “complacently” makes this an easy one to answer. The common term in such a sentence is “happily” and this gives an entirely different meaning to the question. Such men live complacently with cowash wives, I suppose, because they are able to please themselves, pursue their work or study without interference. But don’t ask me to believe that they ever live happily with such creatures. In the first place, I have no patience whatever with the propaganda that all men prefer dumb women. Heaven knows we’ve had plenty of stupid advice dished up for us, but this bit of foolishness is by all odds the most harmful. It contains no vestige of truth or good sense. * a a DUMB men prefer dumb w’ives. Intelligent ones never do. And the girl who is urged to build her plans for marriage on the sort of success she has in simulating a half-wit is a victim of the greatest of all feminine delusions. Men of a reasonable intelligence do not choose their friends for their moronic traits. Why, therefore, should they use such a standard in the selection of a partner for the closest intimacy of life and condemn their children to be mothered by a simpleton? This, of course, is not to say that many smart men have not married dull women. That usually is the victory of infatuation over good sense. And many of these men, being gentlemen and humane, live out their years with the wives they have chosen. But in so doing they never attain the highest happiness possible to men in the wedded state. No marriage is happy unless fjoth husband and wife can supply mental as well M physical stimulus tiQ thq

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Hoover Has Said "We Can't Squander Ourselves Into Prosperity; But Neither Can We Worm Ourselves Into it by Pinching Pennies. NEW YORK, Jan. 18. Loosely speaking, there are two theories of recovery. One is by economizing, the other is by spending. According to the first, we should skimp and save, whether in private, or public affairs. According to the second, we should borrow and blow. Proponents of each theory regard it as inconsistent, if not irreconciliable with each other, which illustrates one of our greatest weaknesses. Too much mechanical training has afflicted us with single-track mentality. We are finding it harder and harder to think of more than one idea, one remedy, one system, one way out, at a time. In this particular case, the bud-get-cutters just haven’t any use for the bond-issuers, and vice versa. tt tt Why Not Both? NOW what is so dreadfully wrong with the proposition of reducing expenses in one direction and extending capital investment in another? Asa matter of plain common sense, isn’t that the one thing we must do? Does any one suppose we can ever put all of our unemployed, or anywhere near all of them back to work where they were? Doesn’t the problem hinge on industrial readjustment, as well as industrial rehabilitation? Isn’t it obvious that some of our major lines of work are shrinking, while others are expanding, and that thousands, if not millions of people must enter new fields to find employment? tt tt Deadlocked Theories UNDER such circumstances, how can we hope to recover without admitting the necessity of curtailment in some branches of industry and the prospect of expansion in other? What are the unemployed going to do while this readjustment is in progress, unless the government steps in? Senator La Follette has suggested a $5,000,000,000 bond issue, but those who believe that routine expenses ought to be cut can’t see much sense in it. On the other hand, some of those favoring a bond issue can’t see much sense in cutting expenses, and there you are. tt tt tt ’ Mutually Helpful JUST as an ordinary individual, who doesn’t pretend to know whether the Culbertson system of playing contract bridge is best for war or politics, I fail to see why both plans shouldn’t be tried. It strikes me that the condition of the country’s revenue indicates a cut in operating expenses, while the condition of its unemployed indicates the desirability of starting something. Further than that, it strikes me that each scheme would help the other. , tt tt it Idle Credit; Idle Men PRESIDENT HOOVER has said that we can’t squander ourselves into prosperity, and we can’t, but neither can we worm ourselves into it by pinching pennies. We face a very complicated situation —a situation in which idle credit is doing quite as much damage as idle men. Many people and many institutions are without credit. They have no choice but to curtail. Others have more credit than they know what to do with, and they should be given a better chance to use it. tt tt tt New Jobs Needed THERE is much of our capital which never will go back where it was five years ago. Also, there are many workers. The coal industry furnishes a vivid illustration in point. But just because the market for coal is shriveling, should be get cold feet with regard to better roads and bridges? The major problem in connection with the coal industry is to find other work for thousands of men and millions of dollars, and the same thing is true with regard to several more industries.

m today >/“ IS THE- Vs ■ WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

ADOPT SOVIET Jan. 18 ON Jan. 18, 1917, the Soviet government was adopted by Russia. The constituent assembly of Russia voted: ”... Russia be declared a republic of Soviets. The Republic of Soviets is formed on the basis of a free alliance of free nations under the constitution of a confederation of national Soviet republics.” The Revolutionary committee of the Ninth Russian army sent a two-hour ultimatum to the Russian military authorities demanding free passage for Russian troops through Jassy. King Ferdinand of Rumania was placed under the protection of the allies. German raids south and west of the Oise were repulsed by the French. Daily Thought That they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons.—Ezra 6:10. The best way of worshiping God is in allaying the distress of the times and improving the condition of mankind.—Abulfazzi. When and from whom did Jack Johnson win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world? He knocked out James J. Jeffries at Reno, Nev., July 4, 1910. What iis the Negro population of the United States. 11,891,143,

Here, Here, Keep Your Mind on Your Job!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Disease May Cause Loss of Memory

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. , MEMORY is so valuable an attribute to success that authorities in conditions of the mind have given it most careful consideration and study. Memory is developed early in life. If the portions of the brain involved in memory are injured by disease or physical damage, or if they are affected by the changes that come on with old age, memory begins to weaken. The changes associated with old age involve, in some cases, hardening of the arteries and a diminishing circulation of blood to the parts of the brain that take care of memory. There are ‘many people who only apparently are unable to remember well.

IT SEEMS TO ME by h ™ d

“tttHAT can I do about Walter v Winchell?” a woman asked me, and then she went on to explain. “What he has said about me is not true; it is very embarrassing, and, besides, it’s none of his business.” The last point seems to me the most important. A great tradition is being smutted over. Os course, Mr. Winchel is by no means the only sinner. But he is the most skillful and the most successful. The newspaper profession ought to be jealous of its own ethics. The members of the craft have a right to consider themselves as cogs in the community fully as vital as doctors or lawyers. It should be very vitally our task to establish rigidly the definiton of what is news and what is mere intrusion. a a a There Must Be Somewhere OP course, it is not easy to draw the line. Some may contend that whatever commands public interest is a matter of public concer But to some extent a rather too morbid curiosity has been created by journalism’s current concern with events called blessed. Unless newspaper men join together in protest, we have no right to expect to be received anywhere save at the bottom of the back stairs. Accordingly, I will admit that my motive in setting down this dissenting opinion is governed by a selfish concern for the job in which so many of us are concerned. I don’t want to have reporters put upon the plane of prohitibion agents. Naturally, I have no desire to appear sanctimonious in all this. I will not contend that I never have sinned against canons which seem to me admirable and necessary. Moreover, I am well aware of the fact that gossip and a passion for gossip existed long before there was a Winchell. It may even continue after there is none. I like gossip. And no one need suggest to me that my complaint is founded solely on the jealousy of a columnist on his way down against a commentator coming up the stairs. Particularly since the two have met and passed each other. I’ve thought of that. After all, the motives of myself and the motives of Walter Winchell need not be the prime consideration. It is the end result which matters. Some may say that the brilliant young commentator on the passing scene has merely adapted the small town paper practice to the needs of Broadway. That is an insufficient argument. Who wants New York to have the same sort of underground wires which make small towns so mean and so petty? a a a Matters of Record I WORKED once on a newspaper with a man named Swope. He said: “Whenever anything becomes a matter of court or official record, I’ll print all I can get if it’s a good story. I’m not going to omit a good divorce case simply because some of the details are objectionable to some ptople. “But I’m not going to anticipate news by saying that Mr. R. and Mrs. R. had a fight and that probably Mrs. R. is going to sue him for a separation. And it’s none of my business where a man dines or with whom or whether he goes home at midnight or 6 in the morning.” With that I am ih complete

This, however, is the result of absentmindedness and preoccupation, and of the failure to give adequate attention rather than any disorder of the memory. There are, moreover, many people who have a special faculty for remembering, highly developed through training, and who are thereby more successful in occupations in which memory is an important attribute. Doctor Sanger Brown points out that persons past middle age who do not remember as well as formerly need have no fear that the condition is progressive. It is merely a part of the general decline in mental vigor and keenness of attention which occurs in advancing years. Elderly persons frequently repeat the same story, appear to exaggerate facts and, in other ways,

agreement. Nor is my attitude solely one of self-protection. Vast shudders of horror run throughout the land whenever a political candidate ventures to comment on the private life of an adversary. Surely newspapers have slipped a little from their high estate in becoming somewhat lower than politics. Walter winchell has been called a superb reporter. That is true, but one reservation must be made. Into every newspaper office there drift scores of tips. Somebody thinks he knows that a public official is going to resign or that a famous author has been blackballed for the Communist party or some other club. The lead is given to a reporter and he is sent out to verify the information if possible. But it is an excellent and a well-respected rule that without verification these matters must merely be docketed as interesting rumors and kept out of print. Mr. Winchell prints the tips. He uses not only what he knows, but what he thinks he knows. Asa result he has scored some excellent

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—The recently organized Liberty party’s platform asks that the “banking system be owned by the government, no other banks permitted, public ownership of all utilities and trustified industries.” But do its speakers inform their audiences that the only nation with a banking system completely owned and controlled by the government is the Soviet union, with its State Bank of the U. S. S. R. and subsidiaries? The Communist manifesto of Marx and Engels, proclaimed in 1847, had among its immediate demands, “the centralization of credit in the hands of the state by means of a national bank with state capital and exclusive monopoly. Centralization of all means of communication and transportation in the hands of the state.” The Socialist movement all over the world, in every nation always has advocated government ownership of banking, utilities, and trustified industries. Do the promoters of the new Liberty party publicly acknowledge these facts or expect to get support for their borrowed ideas by ignoring the universal label of Socialism they have always borne? ROY WILSON. 3312 Graceland avenue. Editor Times—We read in the papers almost daily some article on the subject of taxation and how taxes should be reduced. Usually it is an appeal for a reduction in some one’s wages or the abolishment of some position. The highway trucking interests, because they were asked to reduce the size and weight limit of their trucks on the public highways, have been granted an injunction restraining the state from enforcing the new truck law, pleading discrimination. I wonder if the taxpayers of Indianapolis realize to what extent these highway trucking interests are using and damaging their streets and alleys in the collection and delivery of traffic and that they do not pay 1 cent of city vehicle tax. We hare various ffrocal trucking concerns, also gae*hants, news-

show losses of memory for which they are in no way responsible. It is important that this lack of responsibility should be recognized by those v/rio pass in judgment on the acts of the elderly. The type of loss of memory that is most serious is that which occurs suddenly and is accompanied by confusion. Such loss of memory may be rapidly progressive and associated with the beginning of mental disease. Hardening of the arteries of the brain, the excessive use of alcohol and chronic inflammation of the brain may bring about changes which have serious effects on the ability to remember. People who are disturbed should be informed that there is no reason to believe that gradual failure of memory indicates the beginning of insanity. Such people need only good advice in memtal hygiene.

Ideals and opinions exnressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are oresented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaner.—The Editor.

beats and also disseminated a considerable amount of misinformation. tt tt tt Noting a Few Exceptions IT isn’t true, as some have said, that Walter Winchell would stab a friend in the back for the sake of a Monday morning paragraph. I have known him to be considerate and kindly in not using accurate information where it might cause harm and suffering. But that is not his universal practice. Nobody knows just how much he may have done to sensitive people. He does not know himself. I think it would give him pause. Some people dote on publicity even though it is adverse. But I hold that this is a sort of perversion to which papers should not pander. There used to be a thing called private life. Some people like it very much. A man or a woman ought to have the right to say, “I love you,” or, “I don’t love you,” without first turning up the carpet to see if any tabloid is represented around the premises. (Copyright. 1932. bv United Press)

papers, manufacturers, etc., who operate their trucks only within the corporate limits of Indianapolis. These concerns are required to pay a property tax on their equipment and they pay the same amount of state truck and gasoline tax that the highway trucking agencies do, and in addition pay a city vehicle tax to maintain the streets and alleys for the convenience of their competitors. None of these local concerns objects to paying these taxes, city or state, hut they have the right to expect and should demand that their competitors shall do likewise, and if this most justifiable tax was placed upon all trucking interests using the streets and alleys in Indianapolis for local collection and for delivery of traffic for hire, the same as is applied to our residential interests, it would make available multiplied thousands of dollars for improvement of our city streets and materially relieve the unemployment situation. A TAXPAYER.

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JAN. 18, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Introspectionists and Behaviorists War Over Psychology Methods; Consciousness Presents Problems to Various Schools. THE problem of consciousness is one of the largest and most difficult problems facing the modem psychologist. Everyone feels that he knows what he means by the use of the word consciousness, yet the psychologist is at a considerable loss to define the word. Certain schools of psychology, notably the behaviorists, would abolish the word altogether. One wit, describing the situation, said that first psychology lost its soul, then its mind, and then its consciousness, so that nothing is left but behavior. Another suggested that the inscription, “Know thyself,” which appears over the doorway of a famous psychological laboratory, be changed to read, “Behave yourself.” All psychologists, however, do not go as far as Watson and his school of behaviorists, who would abolish the use of the word consciousness. Watson holds that there is no such thing as thinking. He calls it “subvocal talking”—talking to yourself under your breath. To him, thinking is just one more method of physical behavior. Most psychologists, however, and certainly the newest school of “Gestalt” psychologists, would disagree with Watson. Much of the discussion grows out of the approach to psychology. Many investigators arc inclined to regard psychology as a branch of physiology. Physiology deals with the function, or if you will, the behavior of the human organism. * tt a The Nervous System PSYCHOLOGY and physiology must, in many cases, investigate the same phenomena. It is impossible, for example, to understand psychological phenomena without an understanding of the physiology of the nervous system. But many psychologists feel that there is more to psychology than the physiogoly of the nervous system or the reactions of muscular tissue. These facts were emphasized in a recent address by Professor Edwin G. Boring, of Harvard university, the retiring chairman of the psychology section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Speaking upon “The Physiology of the Consciousness,” he said: “My thesis is that senetifle psychology needs more than to become the physiological phychology that Wundt originally called it, and that we are not entirely without the means of proceeding in this direction. “Psychology, it seems to me, needs to save for its own uses both consciousness and the nervous system, and it must have both if it is to survive. “Once upon a time psychology had some hope of getting along without a nervous system. There was a time when introspectionists, like Kulpe and Titchener, would have hailed with avidity any step that brought psychology nearer to being a descriptive science of the facts of experience, a science that could get along with introspection as its only method and could leave the nervous system and the stimulus ruthlessly in the outer darkness of physiogoly.’ tt tt tt Objections to Bevariorism INTROSPECTION, that is, the attempt upon the part of the psychologist to explore what went on in his own mental processes, failed to yield a satisfactory system of psycholog, Professor Boring says. “The reaction of behaviorism against this state of affairs by the complete rejection of the introspective method was very natural, even though it represented a throwing out of the baby with the bath,” he continued. “Theoretically you can answer for animals, by tests of discrimination or by observation of continued reflexes, any of the questions about sensory or perceptual capacities that have been answered for human beings by the use of the introspective method. “And what can be done with animals in general can be done with human animals. Nevertheless, the behavioristic method is not always advantageous. “Sometimes it yields results that are less univocal than those gotten by an introspective method. Sometimes it is terribly laborious and no added precision is gained for the aded paim.” Professor Boring would have us “admit that psychology is not peculiar among the sciences, that introspection is as much a method as any of the other methods of observation, that it is a method whereby on the basis of experience we establish the existence or occurrence of mental ‘realities,’ like sensations or seen movements or any of the other phenomenal objects which introspection yields.” We will continue the discussion of Professor Boring’s views of consciousness in tomorrow’s article. Is the proverb “God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb,” in the Bible? No. It is an old English proverb. In Sterne’s Sentimental Journal, it is given in italics as a quotation.