Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 215, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 January 1932 — Page 4

PAGE 4

* t * I 99 J - H O*V AMD

Mr. Hoover and the Aliens It has been alleged that Mr. Hoover did not take very seriously the report of his Wickersham commission with respect to prohibition. But certain conflicting and evasive conclusions of that report gave Mr. r Hoover a number of loopholes. Not so with the Wickersham report on “The Enforcement of the Deportation Laws of the United States.’* There were no weasel words here: “The apprehension and examination of supposed aliens often are characterized by methods unconstitutional, tyrannic and oppressive. “There is strong reason to believe that in many cases persons are deported when further development of the facts or proper construction of the law would have shown their right to remain. ‘Many persons are sparated permanently from their American families with results which violate the plainest dictates of humanity.” Did Mr. Hoover take note and recommend the amelioration of the laws governing deportation and the humiliation of administrative procedure in this field? He did not. Rather, he seems to have been Influenced by Mr. Doak and his Cossacks, who completely have defied the findings and recommendations of the Wickersham committee. In his message to congress, Mr. Hoover not only recommended the strengthening of the already absurd deportation laws, but also what is virtually the lothiome proposal to register and stigmatize all aliens: “I recommend that immigration restrictions now In force under administrative action be placed upon a more definite basis by law. The deportation laws should be strengthened. Aliens lawfully in the country should be protected by issuance of a certificate Os residence.” The American Civil Liberties Union vigorously has assailed Mr. Hoover’s proposal to strengthen Mr. Doak’s tyrannical arm: “Existing immigration and deportation laws already are far too strict. They are more severe than in any other indutrial country. The Wickersham commission’s report on aliens in the United States should be sufficient evidence in itself that no stricter laws in this field are needed. “We fear that the President, in this phase of his message, has yielded to the propaganda of the American Legion and the professional patriots, based on the notion that every alien is a red or a potential red. Mr. Hoover’s recommendation that aliens should be ‘protected’ by the issuance of a certificate of residence suggests legalizing abuses which long have prevailed under practices of the labor department. "It is clear that the requirement proposed for ‘protection’ simply would become an instrument for embarrassment and persecution of aliens. It would amount to compulsory registration, the evils of which repeatedly have been pointed out.” Over against the somewhat ominous recommendation of Mr. Hoover is the welcome information that federal courts have declared unconstitutional the Michigan statute ordering the registration of aliens. This clearly was an attempt of a commonwealth to usurp a federal prerogative. There is little doubt that if an appeal is carried to the supreme court the lower federal court will be upheld. It seems likely that congressional liberals will be able to prevent any bill requiring registration of aliens from passing both houses. The federal court rebuke to Michigan will do much to discourage further attempts to set up little czardoms among our fortyeight states. In the meantime, educated and urbane American Indians must be enjoying the spectacle of a nation founded and built up exclusively by aliens, usually of the most radical sort from Europe, now trying to act as though reactionary Anglo-Saxons had been ruling the American continent since the Ice Age. The Issue in the Far East (From Portland (Me.) Evening New*.) The immediate issue in the Far East is comparatively simple. It is not that Japan desires Manchuria. It is not that China considers Mknchuria an integral part of Chinese territory and opposes and resents the Japanese invasion, as any nation would the invasion of what it deemed its domain. The issue is not the relative merits of these two opposing contentions. The issue is that Japan, having, along with fiftyfour other nations, signed the pact of Paris, by which tt has bound itself to settle its differences with other rations by non-military means, has violated this pledge and has gone to war with China. That there has been no declaration of war does hot alter the situation. For that reason the League of Nations was entirely right in serving notice on Japan to desist. For tills reason the United States was entirely right in joining with the League of Nations on this Issue. For this reason the United States could do no better, or other, than make the emphatic protest which Secretary Stimson did, on Jan. 7, declaring that this nation would not recognize any treaty or agreement entered into or arising out of Japan’s course. The nine-power treaty likewise was invoked. Indeed, the whole issue centers on the sanctity of treaties. Japan has placed itself in the position of an outlaw nation. Japan by its own acts stands indicted before public opinion of mankind. If Japan is allowed to proceed unhindered, only international chaos can result. Nor is any one nation on earth today powerful enough to resist the public opinion of mankind, provided that opinion is effectively mobilized. The United States’ warning to Japan is a first Step. Tt is to be hoped that this first step will prove sufficient. If It does not, other subsequent steps, Including severance of diplomatic relations and later an economic boycott, may bring the militarists of japan to their senses. For it should be borne in mind that Japan is not ; a democracy. To be sure, even in a democracy—such . as our own—the public will is at times —though less often— misrepresented by its elected officials. This condition is due to an inelasticity and inadequacy In democratic forms of government. In Japan the military is in the saddle. The underlying issues between Japan and China are complex. Settlement of them by arbitration may be—will be —difficult. But certain it is that they never can be settled at all by violence. The World war conclusively showed that force settles nothing. It did not achieve a single important objective for which the millions who bled and died therein enlisted. It aggravated the wrongs and evils which were alleged in Justification for the war. Right Is not established by might. Public opinion in the United States may, in a very practical manner sustain our government by a voluntary abstention from the purchase of goods made in Japan, an abstention which may be continued just as long as Japan refuses to abide by its own solemn pledges.

The Indianapolis Times (A HCBIM-S-UOWIKD KIWRFAPIB) Owned and pnbllobed daily (except Sunday) by The ladianapolia Titnea Publishing Cos.. 214-220 Wont Maryland Btre*t. Indlanapolia, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 eenta a copy: elaewbere, 3 cent*—delivered oy carrier 12 centa a week. Mail anbaoip. tlon rate* in Indiana. $3 a ear: outside of Indiana. 65 centa a month. BOYD OURLHY. ROY W. HOWARD. KARL D. BAKER. Editor r real dent Bnaineaa Manager PHONE—H -oy BMI | SATURDAY. JAN. 1, 1932. Member of United Preaa. Hcrlppa-Uoward Newapaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Will They Be Fed? There are hungry persons in this country. Speaker Garner of the house has been quoted as saying he favored passage of some sort of measure which would make available to the hungry and the jobless a small part of the federal farm board’s vast stock of wheat. Charman Marvin Jones of the house agriculture committee has been quoted as saying he favored a similar measure. And yet the bill prepared by Jones himself, and the bill which the senate passed, have been permitted to lie in the agriculture committee without action or any immediate prospect of action. Neither Garner nor Jones would deny the national need of this wheat. Garner and Jones and the congress and the country know that even the federal farm board itself, through a statement of its chairman, James C. Stone, has gone on record as favoring distribution of some of this wheat among the hungry. The senate, controlled by Republicans, has passed a bill making some of this wheat available to welfare agencies for distribution among the needy and the hungry. Will Speaker Garner allow the house his Democratic party controls, kill the measure? Probably there are small difflcuplties to settle concerning the language of the bill, the agencies to distribute the wheat, the bookkeeping to be employed by the farm board as it makes this wheat available. But, assuredly, these oan be settled quickly, amicably. They understand that to make this wheat available to the hungry through dependable welfare relief agencies will not by any means settle the problem confronting the country and its millions of jobless. But they certainly recognize it as a sample, workable means of alleviating some of the distress. There are hungry persons in this country. Will they be fed? Johnson’s Good Job The country is indebted to Senator Hiram Johnson of California for the intelligence and courage he is showing in the investigation of American loans and concessions in Colombia. Johnson, standing virtually alone, is bucking the combined powers of the state department, the New York bankers, Secretary of the Treasury Mellon and the Mellon Gulf Oil Company, in addition, Johnson has to operate through a largely hostUe committee, run by the wily and reactionary administration wheelhorse, Senator Reed Smoot. If Johnson does nothing more than uncover the conspiracy of silence which the state department always throws around its hand in international finance, he will accomplish a lot. For many years seme state department officials have tended to operate as though they were servants of banks and oil companies rather than of the American public. Indeed, some of these officials—such as J. Herbert Stabler—have changed their employment almost from year to year from the state department to the bankers or oil companies, and then back to the state department, and then back again to the private interests. Johnson, by cross-examination, has brought out that the state department got more money out of the New York bankers for Colombia after the president of Colombia had notified the state department that he had taken care of the rich Barco concession demands of the Mellon-owned Gulf Oil Company. The state department’s secrecy policy was carried to an exareme point, Assistant Secretary of State White refusing to read on the witness stand the damaging Barco cable from the president of Colombia” which he admitted the state department had read to the New York bankers. We hope Johnson will continue to put the senate searchlight on dollar diplomacy. A theatrical company was arrested In California for staging an ancient Greek drama. The ancient Greeks were too modem for us. Anyway, if that Greek drama was as bad as they say, Denmark wasn’t the only place there was something rotten. Yet, a writer asks what the sexes think of each other. Well, they probably don’t “no!” Bai Baltalino forfeited his featherweight title by being too heavy. Which goes to show that while fighters get paid by the wallop, only wrestlers get paid by the pound. Mayor Moore of Philadelphia wants the people Os his city to be happy, but will enforce the dry law. His predecessors have done quite a bit in this discretion, but this certainly is Moore. A man arrested by dry agents was acquitted when it was found he had bought his supply of liquor before prohibition. After which it appears that the best way to beat the dry law is to buy your liquor fifteen years ago. booze stopped sewage in a Missouri city. Frozen assets have stopped more than that.

Just Every Day Sense BT MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

0 F 0n earth ’ sUrel y small Mahatma „ Gandhi Is most brave. Any being who could walk over conservative England in a loin cloth and a thTmind s”**® 5 ”**® thC highesfc ®° rt of courage—that of , we recal l the male aversion to Btyle . of his garments that we can gain an idea of how valorous was Mahatma’s behavior on and Cent i V4^. t *° London > haunt of the “weskit” and monocle, home of the cane and the spat. 1 r j minded frequently of the masculine adventure and of how the brave he-man Mines into danger and ventures undaunted into the Jaws of death. Yet from the history of his raiment, he is proved a veritable stay-at-home and coward when compared with his women. * m M YXT'HILE we have run the gamut of hats in every .7 \^? n< l eivab ! e , size and shape, he has clung to ms stiff straw, his creased fedora and his uncomfortable derby. We have gone forth in headdresses that were both weird and unwieldly, and we have decorated them with many objects—fruits, flowers, fowls, leopard skins and laces, insects, grasses and grains while man with his adventurous soul quivering, awaits each year his mayor’s proclamation to lay off his winter for his summer hat. His business surroundings show the same timidity and monotony, although his little “home body" refurnishes her house in a hundred different fashions. She goes from the gaudy to the severe, from the modem to antique and back again. She has tried walnut and birdseye maple white ivory and Mr. Morris’ mission, which must have been the father of the modem mode. She has courted the gaze of a startled world with her bustles, her hobble skirts, her knee-length dresses, her bathing suits and her lounging pajamas. Only one man appearing in a civilized community world ever has outdone her in spectacular undressing. And that man is Mr. Gandhi. ™

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

This Democracy Has Reached a Place Where it Won’t Decide Honestly t he One Question Which Interests Its Citizens Most—Prohibition. NEW YORK, Jan. 16.—The wets have agreed upon a bill to be placed before congress. It provides for amending the eighteenth amendment in such a way as would return control of liquor to the states. Since it calls for changing the Constitution, a petition, signed by 145 members is necessary to bring action by the house of representatives. After that, it will be killed by the drys. If it ever reaches the senate, it will be killed again by the drys. u m Just Shadow Boxing WHEN congress has wound up this bit of shadow boxing, prohibition will revert to the Republican and Democratic parties as their rightful and most cherished plaything. Each of them will straddle it by nominating a supposedly dry candidate on a doubtfully wet platform, or a doubtfully dry candidate on a supposedly wet platform. Since President Hoover has chosen to play the role of dry champion, and since the Republican party has no choice but to renominate him, one is justified in expecting some rather damp phraseology in that party’s platform, while the Democrats pick a moist candidate to be decorated with dry sentiments. Moral Cowardice PROHIBITION will continue to be the chief topic of conversation among the people and the chief worry of politicians, peace officers, prosecutors and prison wardens during this summer, just as it has been during the last ten, but nothing definite, or constructive will be done about it. The man who believes that such a situation represents moral triumph either is hopelessly stupid, or stupidly optimistic. This oldest and greatest of all democracies actually has reached a point where it won’t face openly and decide honestly the one question which interests and irritates the majority of its citizens more than al! others. 9 9 9 Harmfully Clever THE frame of mind which our attitude toward prohibition reveals, and in producing which, prohibition has played no small part, explains some of the difficulties we have experienced in attempting to handle the depression. To state it bluntly, we have grown too clever, technical and evasive for our own good, prefer complicated methods to simple principles and shrink from stating our problems in plain terms. There is insincerity and equivocation in half the moves we make, because they are designed to accomplish some strategic purpose rather than to get at the truth. Whether it’s a murder trial, an election, or the formulation of some foreign policy, we forever are playing a game, trying to outsmart somebody and, of course, losing sight of the real objective. 9 9 9 Loyalty Before Conscience COMES Postmaster - General Brown, who seems to have been selected as stage manager of the Republican show, announcing that President Hoover -will run again, just as if it were news, while the Democrats celebrate victory ten months ahead of time, just as they have been doing for the last 100 years. Many Republicans have been toying with the hope that President Hoover wouldn’t run, but the majority of them won’t do anything to stop him, or vote against him if he does. . * No Democrat is sure of whom the party will nominate, or what the platform will sound like, but nine out of every ten regard triumph not only as a foregone conclusion, but as the best thing that could possibly happen, regardless of candidates, or commitments. Our power to think has gone to seed in a welter of slogans, catchphrases and clique loyalties. We see no consistency in kicking our consciences under the table if it helps our party, faction or group.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—'That Kentucky judge and prosecutor who are trying to throttle the press, strike the thinking person like a puppy barking after a locomotive. These misguided gentlemen are suffering from puerility, provincialism, toadyism, or the same dreaded swollen ego that made Henry VIII think he was more powerful than the Deity and then dictated accordingly. Their silly, shallow howl thatTKe News-Sentinel of Knoxville (Tenn.) published “libelous, slanderous, false statements,” and that the presence of the paper’s representative is “odious” to the prosecution, lot only smacks of Main street, but makes them exceedingly odious to millions of American people who honor the Constitution of these United States, and believe in its stipulation of free speech and freedom of the press. By exposing their feeble minds by this stupid opposition, they will call forth the edito:ial wrath of this nation; they will be hooted from the housetops and make Kentucky the laughing stock of the civilized world. If a Kentucky judge or prosecutor virtually owns the courtroom, which is supposed to be public property, and is authorized to dictate who shall or shall not enter it, there is something lamentably wrong with Kentucky laws which demand a vigorous overhauling. But the reading public recently has learned that a few wealthy mine owners hold the whip or the pocketbook over a few petty officials, who in turn have resorted to violence, brutality and murder, and then made a stupid attempt to silence the facts and the notable writers who have exposed them. Consider the far-fetched squawk they hurled at Mr. Dressier. Editorial associations should raise a fund of $1,000,000 and haul this bunch of bigots into a senate investigation. The revealed facts would be interesting.

The Pace That Kills —The Waiting Consumer

LU tv f VAlg _JJ UTIUTV J

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Most Causes of Insanity Controllable

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of HTgeia. the Health Magazine. TNSANITY means mental disturbance. There is no single condition that can be called insanity. There are many mental diseases divided in groups according to their causes and their manifestations. In a recent consideration of the subject, Dr. H. L. Levin has divided the causes of mental disease into two large groups—the predisposing causes and the exciting causes. The predisposing causes are those which long have existed within the individual or in his surroundings. Thus, predisposing causes of tuberculosis include a constitution that gives way readily, an environment that is crowded and dark and a failure of proper nutrition. The exciting cause is the germ of tuberculosis, which usually is con-

mmmm ““ 1 Ideals and opinion* expressed . , __ __ _ u a __ • in this column are those of IT SEEMS TO ME -gST ___________ _______________________________________________ editorial attitude ol ■ this paper.—The Editor

I SPENT twelve hours in Honolulu twenty years ago; so I know as much about the Hawaiian Islands as some of the newspaper commentators who are attempting to fan race hatred. No sane person is going to deny that atrocious crimes have been committed, but it seems to me unfair to make this the justification for an attack upon the character of an entire people. And yet I find in some newspapers a tendency to assert that recent events have shown that only Nordics are respecters of law and decency. Indeed, some editorialists have gone on to say that the Nordic’s passion for law and justice is so great that he will take it into his own hands whenever the regular administration of these functions breaks down. 9 9 9 Our Share of Responsibility B TT T if it is true that orderly government in Hawaii is a thing of the past, I wonder just how Americans are going to escape from sharing some of the responsibility for this situation. After all, we took the islands over years ago upon the request of a group which was

But, again, remember this is “Old Kentucky," and while the state as a whole is surrounded with a national halo, those admirable citizens who founded its charm and those who since have cherished its traditions must be struck with shame when some of its absurd laws or lawyers come to the surface. Recently a legislator dragged out in the open that law which pertains to shooting f om ambush. This law placed a bounty on marksmanship. If a Kentucky citizen, spurred on by the interest of a family feud, a mining row, a love affair or other excuse to test his prowess with firearms, took a shot at another citizen from ambush and missed his aim entirely, and was caught, he would be liable to ten years in prison. If he hit his man, regardless of how seriously he wounded him, he would be liable to only five years in prison. Os course, if he killed him, he lost the discount and might, if apprehended, before he could reach the mountains or the border, have to pay the price on the gallows. A law that would permit a prosecutor to exclude from the courtroom a representative from any newspaper savors of the same stuff that incensed the boys over in Boston to give a load of the king’s tea to the fish. If there ever was any doubt that, as the News-Sentinel stated, it was a trial of labor rather than one of conspiracy to murder, the yammering of this judge and prosecutor have forced the nation to believe the News-Sentinel was right. PAT HOGAN.

Daily Thought

For shame hath devoured the labor of our fathers from our youth; their flocks and their herds, their sons and their daughters. —Jeremiah 3:24. Shame is the dying embers of virtue.—H„ W. Shaw.

veyed from an infected person in the vicinity to one who is not infected. The exciting causes of mental diseases are usually the immediate circumstances or conditions which precipitate the actual attack. Dr. Levin compares the onset of mental disease, therefore, to a stick of dynamite. The constitution of the stick of dynamite is a predisposing cause, but it takes an electrical spark to set it off and to bring about an explosion. The predisposing causes of mental disease include certain stages in human existence which are unbalanced stages. These are the ages from 11 to 14, in which the child passes from adolescence to maturity, and period from 45 to 55, when the body has reached the end of maturity and begins to break down.

made up largely of our missionaries and business men. We deposed the Queen and pensioned her. Although it was a grab, it is fair to say that no very fierce opposition was raised against our coming. The economic conquest of Hawaii had been accomplished even before the annexation. Twenty years ago such rancor as existed found its way to the surface in a sort of defensive humor. I knew at that time a Hawaiian girl who was married to an American officer. She told me: “The missionaries came and told us to look up to God. When we looked down again we found that they had stolen all our land.” Possibly no visiting Americans stole anything. Maybe they only drove good bargains. But the islanders were easygoing, and in a short time they found themselves the dispossessed in a land which bore them. The country has always been a paradise, but now the natives were thrust largely outside the gates of Eden. It is one thing to live on the fruit provided by a bountiful nature and another to be caught up in the speedup system of some tig canning company. In one of Mr. Hearst’s papers I read, “Outside the cities or small towns the roads go through jungles, and in these remote places degenerate natives or half-whites lie in wait for white women driving by.” * * * * It Was Not Always So I SUSPECT that there is a shade of exaggeration in this picture, although in a sense it could be made even stronger by saying that under American rule the jungle and its laws and customs have come back into Honolulu itself. And so may I ask—What price civilization? What price the white man’s burden? What price the mandate over backward nations? Before the coming of the missionary and his friend, the business man, Hawaii had developed a civilization which was, of course, much more primitive than ours. But these were, out of all the world, happy islands. Even tribal wars had all but ceased. Very nearly the Polynesian in his Pacific haven represented Rousseau’s idea of the perfection which can come from the primitive. For centuries the islanders were known as the kindest and most friendly of all people. To the mind of most of us there is something erotic in the word “Hawaiian.” It is associated in the thoughts of us who live along Broadway with violent muscular dances. We think of Hawaiians as wearing grass skirts and dancing the hula-hula up and down the streets of Honolulu. Asa matter of fact, in the old days the dance was rigorously restricted. It was part of a religious ceremonial. According to the ritual, it never was to be seen except at a marriage feast. The white man made it a divertissement for burlesque shows. MM* Upon Missing the Point I AM aware that some will write me letters saying that I *m apathetic about a savage crime committed against a white woman. Thai is very far from true. But I do say without hesitation that we have no

Another predisposing cause of mental disturbance is the strain of modern civilization. The human body is not built to go on interminably at high speed. Following a crash in the market, many human beings suffer continuously with strain, and some of them succumb. The exciting causes of mental disease also include physical factors such as sudden infection, poisons, injuries to the head that involve the brain and complete exhaustion from prolonged physical strain, or from hemorrhage. In other instances mental derangement follows a sudden emotional shock such as the sudden death of a loved one, or a financial or social reverse. A consideration of the causes of mental disease indicates at once that many, if not most, of them are controllable.

right to indict all the natives of the islands because of savage crimes which have occurred under American rule. I will go further and say that we have made a sorry mess of things. We have been largely instrumental in creating a race problem where for decades there was none. Even after the coming of the first white visitors, the races not only lived together peacefully but intermarried, and there was perfect amity. The United States either has very bad luck or very little efficiency in the matter of supervising colonies and territorial possessions. Surely our rule has hardly been a shining success at any point from the Philippines to the Virgin Islands. When the senatorial investigation is made in Honolulu, I hope it will include a certain stock-taking of ourselves and our imperial activities. Out of a very sad and bad business there might come one good thing. There might come anew colonial policy. Our colonial policy ought to be not to have any colonies. < Copyright. 1932. by The Tire*;

rn today g ''££' Vast*

FUEL ECONOMY ORDER January 16. Jan. 16, 1918, Dr. H. A. Garfield, United States fuel administrator, issued an order directing all factories not engaged in the production of foodstuffs to suspend operations for a period of five days, beginning Jan. 18, and to remain closed on each Monday from Jan. 28 to March 25, inclusive. Daniel Willard, chairman of the war industries board, resigned on this date. It was reported that Lenin of the

Psychic Phenomena It’s a long way from the Fox sisters and their “table rapping” to Sir Oliver Lodge and the modem investigation of spiritualistic and psychic phenomena by the various national societies of psychical research. The human mind had from earliest times been intrigued with the problem of possible survival of human intelligences after death. The problems of psychical research are made more difficult by the known fraud and fatcery connected with the subject. Our Washington bureau has ready for you a comprehensive, authoritative and Interesting bulletin on the progress of psychical research. It is a >riei history and explanation of the modem development and uses oi spiritualistic phenomena. You will enjoy reading it. Fill out tne coupon below and mail as directed: Department 157, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington. D. C. I want a copy ot the bulletin SPIRITUALISM and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose uncanceled Uniteo States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling sosts. Name Street and Number City state 1 am a reader of lhe Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

JAN. 16, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Astronomy a Beautiful Monument to Progress of Human Thought, Says University President, Tracing Mankind’s Culture. A STRONOMY has colored our outlook upon every phase of life. The importance of the study of stars in its influence upon human thought was discussed recently in an address by Professor D. W. Morehouse, president of Drake university, and retiring chairman of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Morehouse began with a quotation from Laplace, one of the great astronomers of the past. “Contemplated as one grand whole,” said Laplace, "astronomy Is the most beautiful monument of the human mind, the noblest record of its inteligence.” “The development of human thought frequently has been compared with the formation of a great river,” President Morehouse said. “No single source can be named as its origin. Numerous streams from wholly different sources flowing in diametrically opposite directions converge to give it being. Not infrequently it is difficult to determine which is the main stream and which is the tributary. “As the various races emerge from their primitive concepts of cosmology, we find some far in advance of others. "For example, the Hebrews and the Greeks have been held up to us from time immemorial as the greatest peoples of their time.” 9 9 9 Importance of Eudoxus THE Hebrews, according to President Morehouse, excelled in their conception of the things of the spirit, while the Greeks excelled in art, science and philosophy. “The Hebrews,” he continued, “having little interest in science, disentangled religion from pseudoscience and crude materialism. The Greeks, with their transcendent genius, founded science on actual observation and based their theories on fact. Among the names of antiquity, Thales, Pythagoras, Menton, Aristotle and Plato, one Eudoxus stands out above all others. In point of time, Eudoxus lived 409-356 B. C.. He, therefore, touched the life of Plato in his later years and that of Aristotle in his early days. Eudoxus is considered the first inductive thinker of his time. Berry says: “He may be regarded as representative of the transition from speculative to scientific astronomy, and much of his work was taken bodily by Aristotle, who, in common with other philosophers of his time, understood the influence of the concept of the physical world upon the thinking of the times.” President Morehouse hastens over several centuries to find the next great name in the history of astronomy. It is that of Claudius Ptolemaeus, better known as Ptolemy. He lived from 100 A. D. to 170. 9 9 9 Work of Ptolemy “nnHE next important addition to A the development of thought, after the coming of Christ, was started by Ptolemy,” Dr. Morehouse says. “He was the propagator, If not the author, of the first cosmic theory of the universe, popularly known as the geocentric theory The influence of this man is shown In the greatest work of antiquity, ‘The Almagest.' “If any one will wade through its thirteen books, he will find In them the cosmology and the cosmogony of his age. He will not only find the concept of life, but also the ideas of eternity. “There is an air of finality to this book which is not found in any other work of this time. It seemed to predict that the days or science had come to an end. As MacPherson points out: “ ‘The Hellenic culture had largely exhausted itself and an air of hopelessness and futility had settled over the world. “ ‘The Stoics rather concerned themselves with problems of conduct than wtih questions concerning the natural world, while the early Christians, expecting the early return of Christ, did not busy themselves with the affairs of this world. “ ‘Accordingly, slowly but surely, science and philosophy alike seemed to die out. “‘During the next fourteen centuries, the Arabs, who were largely imitators and commenters rather than investigators, carred on the slender stream of scientific thought.’ ” Russian Bolshevik government had ordered that King Ferdinand of Rumania be arrested and imprisoned at Petrograd (now Leningrad). The Hungarian government resigned on account of failure to obtain necessary support for lt military program.