Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 211, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 January 1932 — Page 6

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A Voiceless People The people of this state will have very little to say thus fall in the selection of a President, Governor or senator. The politicians have very carefully guarded against any intrusion of the popular will by abolishing the primary for all offices above that of congressman. That makes the selection of delegates to the two state conventions of unusual importance. In the past the people had a right to express theii preference lor President. There was some moral il not legal pressure upon delegates to vote for the candidate for President who received the largest vote in the primary. But this year, the men and women who are selected as delegates to the national convention by the delegates to district and state conventions will exercise (their own judgment or prejudices and the people of Indiana will be limited to a choice between the tw r o party candidates when selected. The primary system did give a chance for the voter to express his opinion and that expression of opinion in such states as Indiana did have, at times, an important bearing on the final outcome. The same thing is true of the candidates for Governor and senator. It is true that the politicians jockied the law considerably by inspiring numerous candidacies in order that there might be presented the appearance of confusion and indecision but the threat of a popular uprising had at least a restraining influence. The repeal of the primary law leaves the selection of candidates in the hands of delegates. Under such a system it is quite possible to defeat a man who would have an almost unanimous appeal to the rank and file of voters. It opens the door to intrigue. Only in the cases of men who have such outstanding followings as to make defeat an invitation to party disaster is there much of a chance of obtaining a nomination for high offices that represent the popular will. It is unfortunate that there are very few of such outstanding figures in either party. In a very few months the people will select delegates to state conventions. Asa matter of precaution, voters in the different communities might begin to think about lists of delegates. The convention system demands unusual attention to fhis detail. The conventions should and can be made truly representative of public opinion. Curbing the Third Degree It is probable that more publicity has been given to brutal police methods during the last six months than in the previous sixty years. Up to recently this was a subject about which there were many rumors, but little public information. Mr. Villard had stirred the readers of Harper’s magazine. Some bar associations had alleged third degree practices. But that -was about all. A few months ago the Wickersham report on lawless enforcement of the law took the lid off. Ernest Hopkins, on whose researches this report was based, has since written some excellent articles and a trenchant book. We now know that the charges of police brutality, once vehemently denied, were all too true. The next step is to find some way of curbing this official savagery. On this subject wc have an article in the Atlantic Monthly by the wise and learned Harvard professor, Zechariah Chafee Jr. Professor Chafee makes it clear at the .start that these lawless practices are not necessary to convict criminals. The experience of England, whore police inquisition strictly is forbidden, and of Boston, Philadelphia and Cincinnati, which do not employ the third degree, proves definitely that satisfactory results can be obtained without any brutal and illegal methods. Brutality of the police comes chiefly between arrest and the arraignment of the accused. After the magistrate commits the man to jail or admits him to bail, the police have little opportunity to get in any rough stuff. Therefore, attention must be concentrated on cutting down the time between arrest and arraignment and on giving proper publicity to what goes on in this interval. Professor Chafee does not believe we need any more laws. The accused has plenty of formal legal protection already. He is protected constitutionally In the matter of testifying against himself. Confessions obtained by coercion are declared void by law. Policemen may be punished as criminals if found guilty of violent third degree methods. The difficulty arises in the fact that it is hard to enforce these laws. The district attorney is frequently in the game with the police and is not likely to be enthusiastic about prosecuting his own collaborators. In the courtroom the judge and jury are more likely to believe the policeman than the defendant. Illinois. California and Washington have especially stringent laws against police brutality, but the third degree was found to be flourishing in Chicago, Loo Angeles and Seattle. Reform must be gradual. Changes so drastic as to disrupt our present police system would be temporarily disastrous. Professor Chafee suggests the following specific reforms: Measure to promote more prompt production of the accused person before a magistrate after arrest. Compulsory records of the time of arrest and arraignment before the magistrate. Improvement in quality of police. If the public understands that prevalence of third degree methods is proof of inferior police service, the police will not be long in abandoning this stigmatized practice. Some public authority must be constituted, independent and fearless, which can hear complaints of the third degree and make prompe and effective investigation of the facts. The proposed public defender might exercise this function. Finally, the press must give relentless publicity to revealed abuses. "The third degree can not thrive under publicity. The police need and desire the approval of their community; and few communities can be proud of men who habitually use the rubber hose.” We hope that Professor Chafee’s proposals will be adopted, to the end that torture may be oblitered from criminal procedure. The Grain Case The United States supreme court has overruled the interstate commerce commission's decision reducing freight rates on grain and grain products by taking judicial notice of the depression and its effect on railroad revenues. It found that because of the depression—which it described as "the outstanding contemporary fact, dominating thought, and action throughout the facts gathered in the grain case hearings prior to 1931 were not representative of condi-

The Indianapolis Times (A aCKIFFb-HOWAKU NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-2.*0 West Maryland Street Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents*—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. S3 a oar: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GL’KLEY. ROY W HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—U -ey 5651 TUESDAY. JAN, 12. 1332. Member of United Press serlpps*Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

tions early in that year when the carriers demanded, but failed to get, a hearing. By unanimous decision, the court held the I. C. C. had denied the constitutional rights of the railroads by refusing a rehearing, and in the light of new conditions ordered the lower court to grant a temporary injunction against establishment of the rates, which a dissenting interstate commerce commissioner and the railroads said would cost the carriers about $20,000.000 annually. The commission did leave a technical loophole for such a decision as that of the supreme court when it dpnied the rehearing. But we are convinced that the I. C. C., oldest of federal commissions and most respected, was not unmindful of the depression's effect on the carriers’ revenues. Indeed, its decision in the 15 per cent case is evidence enough, and its own annual report of this year is additional proof. The commission, it might be presumed, looked upon its $125,000,000 decision in the 15 per cent case as compensatory for the grain rate reductions which were, in effect, brought about by congressional mandate. The supreme court’s position is strictly logical and tair as far as it goes. The railroads indeed have suffered severely in the depression. And, also, the farmers who produce grain and the shippers who ship grain and grain products have suffered likewise. While railroad revenues have been reduced drastically in this depression, have not farmers and shippers suffered as much, if not more? Certainly! Their ability to pay has been reduced in the same, if not greater, ratio as the railroads’ ability to collect The interstate commerce commission apparently i ecognized this fact. Its rate decisions are presumed always to take into consideraton old facts, new conditions created by new facts, and the prospect of the future: The court had been told this, for its decision quoted a statement in behalf of the commission that “in performing its legislative function of prescribing reasonable rates, the commission necessarily projects into the future the results of a decision based on conditions disclosed in the record.” The grain case ancl the court’s decision brings into the open again the old controversy over the HochSmith resolution, which caused the investigation that resulted in the grain rates the carriers claimed were so unbearable. Professor I. L. Sharfman calls this resolution “an attempt to override the judgment of the commission”; and he describes the enactment as one tending to weaken the system of administrative control exercised by the commission. Sharfman’s descriptions are correct. This was an indirect way of getting a measure of “farm relief” by interference with a quasi-judicial body entirely competent without the benefit of the resolution. Legislative and judicial interference with the commission is dangerous. It should be guarded against. Time Not to Be Lost The house should have passed before now the Capper wheat bill, or some like measure making federal farm board grain available to the hungry jobless. But, if it is the sincere desire of agriculture committeemen for more information before they act on this proposal, they should, of course, be given it. Lengthy hearings are, in our estimation, unnecessary; but assuredly the committee and the house should have sufficient information before a vote is taken. There is no disagreement or denial of the acute need of the hungry for this wheat or some other j food. There is general agreement that the farm board's wheat should be consumed, instead of being permitted to remain in elevators at a large cost to the government, and, perhaps, at a risk of deterioration. The controversy in the house now seems to be over whether the board should be reimbursed, and over how the w'heat should be distributed. The first question can be answered quickly and concisely: In view of the fact that the board’s actual losses run far into the millions, it should be given opportunity to make fair bookkeeping entry to its credit against the free wheat distributed. But to talk of appropriating actual cash to reimburse the board is silly. It is important, also, that congress be assured that the wheat actually will reach the hungry. It should have this information, we believe; it can be had quickly. And the house should lose no time in providing this simple and workable means of feeding American citiezns who are in want. Einstein landed in California with a cargo of bananas. He might* have avoided the crowds in New York, but apparently couldn't get away from the bunch. David Hutton married Aimee Semple McPherson and she gave him a job. Which might be a suggestion to the prince of Wales.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A MUCH-DEEDED book upon an age-old question has been written by Mary R. Beard. Scholarly, clear cut, concise, this enlightening volume, called ‘On Understanding Women,” should influence our future thinking. For Mrs. Beard contends that women always have helped to make history, but that men, being the historians, gave us no credit for it. For proof of the 1 truth of this statement, we need only search the histories we studied in school and those now being compiled. Glance, if you please, at almost any book purporting to be a true tale of the World war. You will find slight mention made of the part played by women in this colossal event. No stress will be placed upon the fact that because of its demands millions of women went forth from their homes into industry, taking up work that before had been done only by men. , Yet bear this in mind: This one occurrence will have e greater influence upon civilization and the future of the race than all the victories won or the defeats suffered by generals upon the battle fields. a a a IT makes little difference upon the individual citizen whether Alsace-Lorraine is under the rule of France or Germany, but it makes a great difference whether women cease to be interested in the home and dislike the responsibilities of motherhood. And you can't transplant one-third of the population of the globe from familiar environments and set them at new tasks without getting some kind of an explosive reaction. Even the gentlemen of the old school who spoke so feelingly about women's power being behind the thrones of the world did not set this down in their history books. National annals credited men with complete immunity from feminine inspiration* You have to read fictional biography to find out that Marie Louise wrecked Napoleon and changed the fate of Europe. Historians always have ignored women's part in the building of nations. This is one reason why Mrs. Beard's book fills a lons-ielt want*!

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Tk* United States Has Lost Enough Money Through Bad Investments Abroad to More Than Take Care of Its Unemployed. YORK, Jan. 12.—Some q ueer f ac ts are being brought out by the senate finance committee with regard to foreign loans. While serving as commercial attache at Lima, Peru, Oliver C. Townsend was reprimanded for making "pessimistic reports to the department of commerce.” The advice of Lawrence Dennis was ignored when he told the banking firm by which he was employed that financial conditions in Peru and Bolivia were unsound. Five years ago, S. Parker Gilbert, then agent-general of reparations, expressed "amazement at the recklessness of American bankers” in underwriting such a large volume of German securities. a a it ‘Artificial Optimism' OBVIOUSLY some of the optimism was manufactured. Not only bankers, but the government wanted pep letters. The man who “warned” was gagged complacently as a knocker. Investment and still more in- | vestment was the big idea, especially : on commission. It was a case of salesmanship in all essentials, with preliminary efforts directed toward building up a proper psychological background. That school of banking which rates collateral above character had its way. The operation served to sustain many a rotten regime in LatinAmerica and some rather dirty politics in Europe. Now that it has come to a disastrous, if not a dead end, one can not help wondering if the outside world would not have been just as well off without all the American money. There can be no doubt that this country would have been much better off. tt tt tt Culprits Get Off Easy THE United States has lost enough money through bad investments abroad to more than take care of its unemployed. Those most responsible for such a situation are suffering comparatively little. The real burden is being borne I by those who have lost their jobs, j their homes and their nest eggs, j who have nothing left but bitter memories. If anything, the indirect loss has caused mpre havoc than the direct. The shrinkage of available capital for business, the steadily increasing strain on credit, the continued necessity of retrenching have confronted millions of Americans with a problem they never faced, or expected to face before, and much of the problem they never faced, or expected to face before, and much of the problem goes back to the enormous amounts lost in foolish investments abroad. • n tt Squandering to Blame WE comfort ourselves with the thought that this is a world-wide depression, and it is, but largely because of the unwise j way in which the surplus wealth of j this country has been squandered. Beyond enabling France to accumulate a stupendous gold reserve and helping certain corrupt regimes | to remain in power, our liberal buying of foreign securities has done few people any good, while it has done us irreparable harm. We are told now that the problem is political, that statesmen muset get us out of the mess into which we were led by financiers. That is probably true, but mainly j because so much of the money was loaned to political crowds for political purposes. a tt n For the World's Sake THE theory on which most of the selling of foreigr securities rested was that we weis not only making good investments, but helping to promote business at the same time. The average buyer was made to feel that he was not only providing a good income for himself, but that he was assisting other people to do things and build things which would enlarge trade all along the line. He was made to feel that he was contributing t-o the rehabilitation of Germany, the reconstruction of France, or the improvement of Lat-in-America and, above all else, that he was making financial conditions throughout the world a little more secure. How do graduates of the United States coast guard academy rank with officers of the army and the navy? Graduates of the coast guard academy enter service in the United States coast guard as ensigns. They rank with second lieutenants in the army and ensigns in the navy, and receive corresponding pay and allowances. During the World war, the coast guard became a part of the navy and coast guard officers had the same rank as naval officers of the same grade. How is the glaze put on chinaware? After the clay is molded and fired, baked in an oven or kiln, it is cleaned and is then ready for the dipper, the man who dips the piece into a tub of glaze. The glaze is made of a variety of ingredients which, when fused, form what might be termed glass, for the glaze on a piece of china is really glass. Then the china with ’ts coating of glaze, is fired againwhich renders the opaque covering , translucent. How long will the coal and oil deposits in the United States last at the present rate of consumption? It is estimated that there is enough coal to last 2.000 years and enough oil to last a century. There is probably sufficient potential motor fuel to supply all needs for 2,- ; 900 years. How many volunteers served in the American army in the war with Spain, and how many men served in Cuba and Porto Rico? The total number of volunteers was 264.595. The total number of volunteers engaged in Cuba <~as 40,824. and in Porto Rico. 16.253. The regular army had 18,400 in > Cuba and 3.187 in Porto Rico. \

Just Too Absent Minded to Heed the Sign

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Heart Ailments Are on the Increase

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine, THE coronary blood vessels are the supply the heart with nutrition. They are thus among the most essential tissues in the human body. It recently has been pointed out that- there is an apparent increase in angina pectoris and in diseases of the coronary arteries, and that many of our leading men and women are being incapacitated by such conditions at the period of their greatest productivity. Dr. B. S. Oppenheimer feels that this increase may be due to the fact that more people are living longer than they used to, but it is possible also that this increase is due to the stress and strain of modern life in our large cities. Other physicians have ascribed the increase to the more widespread use of tobacco and to errors in diet,

IT SEEMS TO ME

'JT'RANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT has intimated that he would not be averse to a nomination from the next Democratic national convention. Governor Ritchie, with charming frankness, has admitted that he would like to i*un for President. This seems a suitable time to allow another aspirant to announce his ambitions, particularly since the citizen in question is rather keener witted than any of his current opponents. Accordingly I am authorized to print ( without necessary agreement) the platform submitted by Don Marquis, once of Park row'and now turned Hollywood. n n n Platform of Don Marquis “T ANNOUNCE myself as a canx didate for—not President—but dictator of the United States. Dictator for life. As I am 53 and would most likely live to be 93 if I got an easy job such as that and took care of myself, this means a matter of forty years. “I am conservative in my views—even reactionary—in fact, almost primitive. Like all reactionaries, I have a tendency toward violence and an occasional dip into anarchy when it suits my occasions. “I favor and should foster and extend the capitalistic system. But I should control it. I should begin my dictatorship by evidencing my determination to control it in this manner: Ten bankers, selected from key cities, should be shot against a wall every Sunday morning. After five or six weeks of this, financial leaders in general would begin coming to me to get my indorsement of their plans before they ventured to put them into effect. “The history of humanity shows that it is impossible entirely to eradicate lawlessness. But I believe it possible to centralize most of the lawlessness in any state in the person of an active and enterprising dictator. I do not promise, therefore, to stamp out lawlessness entirely. “But I think I could manage in such a way that at least seventenths of the lawlessness should be my own in conception and execution. A general lawlessness, too much competition in lawlessness (as has been frequently observed), has a tendency to weaken the moral fibre of the community. I am willing to take the burden of it on my own soul in order to be the savior of the souls of my people. “(I can not forbear to call attention to my own generosity in this —it is the custom of candidates to call attention to their own generosity.) “Laws are very good things in a dictatorship, but they should be for other persons than the dictator; he is not really a dictator if he has to cramp his style by obeying laws that he has made himself and has become bored with. nan Imperialism in the Open “T AM an imperialist, but I believe A in a frank imperialism—not in a concealed one. operating in semidarkness and bolstered up by a thousand catchwords, lies,

but for none of these views is the evidence absolutely certain. The person with coronary disease may suffer with weakness of the heart, with pain in the heart, and with digestive disturbances. There are some cases that do not manifest themselves with sufficient severity to make the patient notice the condition until he suddenly has a severe attack. If one of the blood vessels is blocked suddenly, a serious condition results with complete ;ncapacitation; indeed, 16 per cent of people die following the first attack. A second or third attack may be fatal immediately. Records are available, however, of patients who have remained in good health for seventeen or eighteen years without suffering a second attack. Much more can be done by preventing a serious condition than in curing it. These conditions are frequently

hypocrisies and hokum appeals to hokum patriotism. Power of one sort or another rules, so why not be candid about it end say and show what power rules for what purposes? My own purpose would be personal and national aggrandizement, aiming eventually at the hegemony of the world under my control. “I promise glory, flamboyance, splendor, magnificence, excitement,

Questions and Answers

Are there any diamond mines in the United States? Small stones have been found in alluvial deposits, mostly auriferous, in Georgia, North and South Caroline, Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Wisconsin, California, Oregon, Indiana and the Great Lakes region. There may be isolated deposits in Utah, but the only real diamond mine in the United States is in Arkansas. How much does the Great Pyramid. of Cheops weigh? It is built of about 2,300.000 stone blocks, each about three feet high and averaging two and one-half tons. Is the name of the mother of David metioned in the Bible? No, but according to one authority, her name is given in the Talmud as Nezebeth Bath Adael. What causes the stars to move about in the sky? The apparent motion of the stars is due to the rotation of the earth jn its axis. Has A1 Capone any children? He has one son.

m TODAY $3 Xh IS THE- Vs WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

FRENCH WAR AIMS January 12

ON Jan. 12, 1918, the French chamber of deputies adopted a resolution approving the British and American war aims. Previous to this, on Jan. 5, Lloyd George had set forth the British war aims, and on Jan. 8 President Wilson had set forth his famous “fourteen points” as the American war aims. Approval of both of these statements had rung through the press of America, England and France, and had been denounced officially and by the press of the central powers. On Dec. 28, 1917, M. Pichon, as minister of foreign affairs in the Clemenceau government, had spoken in a debate in the French chamber defining France’s attitude toward Russia and the other issues of the war. The action of the French chamber on Jan. 12, then, solidified the sentiment of the allies as to their war aims.

found in association with high blood pressure, diabetes, gout and similar disturbances. When there is high blood pressure with obesity, much can be accomplished by providing a reducing diet. There is frequently a drop in blood pressure which parallels the loss of weight. Many physicians believe that patients with such conditions should do without smoking, at least for a trial period, to find out whether or not attacks are less during this period. There are many ways of treating this condition with sedative drugs and with various preparations affecting the circulatory system. Physical treatment including baths, perspiration and light massage may be used. A physician who is thoroughly conversant with the case frequently may bring about great benefit through prescribing proper measures.

DV HEYWOOP BROUN

spectacular shows, a certain latitude for agreeable vice, because I like these things myself, but I make no large pledges with regard to a 'benevolent despotism,’ I shall rather concentrate on the despotism than the benevolence. “I am a stern moralist of the oldfashioned sort, with very definite convictions on the conduct of life. To this end I should permit the widest range of latitude in private affairs, with no restrictive censorships whatsoever. "If vices and irregularities do weaken the vital forces of the individual— and there are age-old theories to the effect that they do-all the wicked people will eventually disappear and leave the good people m possession of the world and the fruits thereof, if this is not true, then is not true. tt u Merely a Suggestion “TT is not my intention to comA mand any specific way of life. But I do have an idea of my own. I should like to see every man in America privileged, if he so desires, to sit all day long, every wintry day, in front of an open wood fire, with a good book in his hand, his feet in a bucket of hot water, with a quart of Bouibon whisky with hoarhound candy in it nearby, and in summer time he should have a hammock near the mint bed. No government or general system of life is worth a good damn unless it contributes to the happiness of the individual who pays for it. Translate the wood fire and the hammock into whatever terms please you the most—l am merely stating my personal ideal.” (Copyright. 1932. bv The Times)

Daily Thought

A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the oonfidence thereof. —Proverbs 21:22.

Wisdom is only found in truth.— Goethe.

Pa Hies-- Pa rties —Pa rties! Our Washington Bureau has ready lor you a new bulletin on Parties for All Occasions. Holiday Parties, Lincoln and Washington’s Birthday Parties, “Kia” Parties for Grownups, Children’s Parties and a lot mere. It gives interesting suggestions for decorations] games and costumes for all sorts of parties. If you want a copy fill out the coupon below and mail as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 161 Washington Burau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin PARTIES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: .NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.>

ideals and nmnions expressed in this column are (hose of one. of America's most interesting writers and are ore. sented without regard to iheit agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this Daoer.—The Editor

..JAN. 12, 1932

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Engineers Must Consider the Laws of Supply and Demand as Well as of Own Science, Says Expert . TT'NGINEERS who ushered in the marvels cf the machine age must now turn their attention to the economic ills which came upon the heels of the mechanical marvels. This opinion, expressed by S. M. Kintner, vice-president in charge of engineering of the Wcstinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, matches the opinion recently expressed by Dr. Arthur D. Flynn of the Engineering Foundation. Dr. Flynn calltd upon engineers j to assume world leadership. Kintner, viewing a more immediate problem, wants scientists and engineers to devote their attention ; to the problem of supply and demand. “Just as engineers and scientists have solved the world's problems of : production, it becomes the obligation : of those same leaders in development to help restore the economic balance of supply and demand which has been so lopsided during the last i two years,” he says. I “Today we stand at the close of a period for which we have been trained as engineers.” he says. "The next period, the one in which we must regain and retain | our business balance, will require an I engineer who even is more of a i specialist, but who has a wider background of culture, psychology and economics.” 'n n n I Supply Soars Too High KINTNER traces present difficulties back to the days of tho World war. To meet wartime demands production was jumped up 400 to 1,000 per cent, he says. j Then peace and canceled orders cut production back to the pre-war normal, leaving machinery, buildings, even whole plants utterly useless. Steady increases in production from 1923 to 1929 restored much of this wartime equipment to operation. he says, but because demand 1 did not increase at the same rate we have had to slow up until supply and demand could be readjusted and the manufacturer and consumer could get in step. One hundred years ago such a readjustment would not have been necessary because most of our peoj pie were farmers and self-sufficient. Each family was producing its own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Since that parly day, Kintner points out. we have achieved the capacity for quantity production \ and we have acquired the ability to discover and develop more and j better goods and services. tt tt a Need Broader Views HOWEVER, while scientists and engineers were furnishing mankind with this new equipment they failed to give thought to the effect which it would have upon the lives and character of men, Kintner says. “The result is that the consequences of our progress are now demanding a reckoning,” he says. “To satisfy that demand, tomorrow's eni gineer must be more highly special- ! ized in technical training, but must i have a broader foundation of geni eral education than his brother of yesterday.” But Kintner is hopeful of the future. “There is no rational reason why the skill which developed our present production possibilities can not be made to create new uses for industrial output and build up a world demand that will keep our production. men and machinery in operation,” he says. Kintner predicts the new engineer Will take a broader view and acquire a better station in life by rising up and taking rank with the other learned professions. He will be both willing and glad to assume his full duties as a citizen and dissatisfaction with existing conditions will stimulate hi3 interest in political affairs. “The best efforts of ail good citizens are needed to make our country a safe place to live and do busi- ! ness,” he says. What is papyrus? A water plant extensively cultij vated in ancient times in the delta iof Egypt. The pith of the plant was cut into strips which were placed side by side on a flat surface, and over these a second layer ! of strips was laid at right angles to the first. The whole was then pressed or rqlled into a sheet to which the natural gum of the plant gave a homogeneous character, and i the sheet when dried was ready for use for writing. Are there any telephones in Africa? The estimated number is 219,362. What are the protein and fat contents of the white and yolk of an egg, and what is the caloric value? The white of an egg contains 86.2 per cent water; 12.2 per cent protein and .2 per cent fat. The fuel value is 231 calories per pound. The yolk of an egg contains 49.5 per cent water; 15.7 per cent protein; 33.3 per cent fat. The fuel value is 1,643 calories pe. pound. When did General Pershing graduate from the United States military academy? In 1886.