Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 207, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 January 1932 — Page 4

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Aid or Work? John Lewis, president of the miners’ union, told the senate committee that 60,000 men, women and children in the mining districts of Indiana are in want. Governor Leslie insists that these jobless citizens and their dependents have received aid of some kind and will receive more when he collects a portion of the profits of a football game. The Red Cross has been asked to send in relief to these districts and an inquiry may finally determine just how much distress exists. Unquestionably, there is much distress and suffering. There has been distress and suffering for the past three or four years. Conditions in the mines in this state were Intolerable even during the days when the rest of the state was prosperous. The final answer will not be furnished by either the Red Cross with ita food baskets and supervised charity or the distribution of alms by the Governor’s committees, badly as they are needed at the moment to protect the lives and health of little children. The answer must come through work for these workless men, the chance to be independent, the chance for children to grow into manhood and womanhood with some other concept of life than that a handout is the normal method of existence. The state has money in the funds of the highway commission that, with some slight changes in the law, could be diverted to other construction than roads. The development of state-owned mines for the production of coal for state institutions might reduce the cost of government. It might provide fuel for the needy if there is to be a recurrence of times of “depression.” No imagination is required to plan other public projects for the permanent benefit of all citizens and the development of resources as yet untouched in which these men might be profitably employed. A special session of the legislature, feared by those who have successfully evaded a proper share of the taxation burden, becomes more imperatively necessary with each disclosure of the tragedy of unemployment. Aid must be given at once. That is essential. But more than aid, work is needed. Private industry has failed to provide it. The state must.

Julius Rosenwald Julius Rosenwald was a great merchant. But he will be remembered longest as a great philanthropist. He would have wished it so. To him commercial profits were a matter of trusteeship, something to be distributed for humanitarian purposes. It was not that he wished to have the personal satisfaction and glory of giving. Most of his benefactions were distributed through others. Apart from his gift of $35,000,000 as a separate foundation for general use to promote the ‘‘well-being of mankind,'’ his chief interests were in education and race relations. His support of educational institutions extended from the University of Chicago to small rural schools in the south. Though he gave millions for Jewish colonization abroad, he also cared for such organizations as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Perhaps the work in which he was most interested was the improvement of opportunity for the Negro. One of the earliest supporters of Booker T. Washington and Tuskegee institute, much of his later life was devoted to better race relations. Julius Rosenwald drew his circle wider than the limits of any one race, or color, or creed.

The Raskob Plan Chairman Raskob’s statement to the national Democratic committee, urging the next party convention to take no sides in the prohibition dispute, but to favor a popular referendum on the state home rule basis, is effective. It would have been even more effective if he had left out the hokum about prohibition not being a political issue. Political parties should take sides on political issues; that is their excuse for existence. But the experience of the last decade shows there is little chance of getting either the Republican or Democratic party to do other than evade this particular issue. Therefore, as a matter of practical expediency, the only way out, so far as the parties are concerned, is to try to get them to favor the referendum by states —which is coming whether the parties favor it or not, but which might be hastened by party platform support. ' Raskob deserves credit for hitting upon this plan. We are much less interested than Raskob, or the Republican politicians on their side, in savfng the parties from a split. But we are interested tremendously in giving the people of the states an opportunity to settle the prohibition dispute as soon as possible. This is important as a method of fostering self-government to wet states, of eliminating the bootleg industry as a major cause of crime, and of getting much-needed tax revenue from the present tax-free liquor business. It is equally important to remove the prohibition issue as a barrier to the solution of vital economic problems upon which national prosperity depends. The Raskob plan—to permit each state by popular convention to determine for itself whether it shall have prohibition or state-controlled liquor business—should be acceptable as fair to both wets and drys. .It is not only the fairest method, but the quickest and most democratic. Judge Parker and Court Sanctity The country has heard little of Judge John J. Parker since that eventful day, some two years ago, when, symbolically speaking, he took his little yellow dog under his arm and strode down the Capitol steps from the senate chamber. He showed up recently at the annual dinner of the New- York County Lawyers’ Association. In characteristic vein, he warned against the dangers to &e country in liberal criticism of institutions, courts and law. Some of his more important declarations follow: “Chief among them (disintegrating forces) I would name the rising tide of socialistic thought; men who, professing not to be Socialists, have embraced the tenets of Socialism and who would strike down the Constitution because it guarantees the rights of individuals; organized minorities, who by propaganda and intimidatioiyseek to control the government in the interest of particular classes—doctrinnaire advocates of political nostrums, whose multiplication of elective offices has paralyzed the executive arm of local governments, whose initiative and referendum have weakened local legislatures, and whose political election and recall of judges have crippled local judiciaries. “It to not mere chance that all these forces are united generally in thf stacks upon the American

The Indianapolis Times (A SCmiTS-tIOH'AHU .NEWSPAPER) Owned end published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 centa a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a..-ear; outside of BOTD GURLEX. BOX W. HOWARD. EABL D. BAKER, Editor President Business Manager PHONE— R -ey RSM THURSDAY, JAN. 7. *932. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

judiciary. They realize that the judiciary Is the bulwark of constitutional government, and that constitutional government is the chief obstacle which stands in the way of their theories. “One of the most dangerous of the attacks upon the judiciary Is that which would take away its peculiar power under our Constitution, that is, the power to hold acts of congress or of the state legislatures unconstitutional. But whatever the form of the attack, the purpose is the same: To destroy the power vested in the judiciary to uphold the Constitution. “And whatever the purpose, the inevitable result will be to break down the barrier against popular tyranny and to give us a government of men instead of a government of law.’* A number of relevant comments are in order: The Socialist red herring will not prove very effective at this date. Does Judge Parker brand as Socialistic the attacks on our court system by the late Theodore Roosevelt, or by. our chief experts on jurisprudence? If an attack on the abuses of our court system is Socialism, then there have been Socialists on the very bench of the United States supreme court. Judge Parker says that critics desire to undermine our courts because they protect individuals and minorities. What reformers desire is to secure equal and just protection for all minorities, irrespective of creed, class or color. If courts protect bankers and industrialists, they should also protect labor unions, Negroes, Communists and all other dissident but law-abiding groups. As it is? the American Civil Liberties Union has to exist to secure even partial protection for unpopular minorities. The men whom Judge Parker attacks merely ask the courts to administer justice without fear or favor. They want no “yellow dogs” in the fold of either labor or capital. The courts may be a bulwark of constitutional government, as Judge Parker conceives of it, but they have often been a decisive challenge to representative government under she American plan. By their reckless use of the right to declare laws unconstitutional, they frequently have blocked true representative government as effectively as Mussolini’s Fascism. There are many who feel that constitutional and representative government are not irreconcilable. If they are, however, then certainly the men who founded our country preferred representative government. Great Britain’s policies before the revolution were very strictly constitutional. The best safeguard which the courts can secure is judicious restraint in the use of their arbitrary power to defeat popular government and social progress. The irresponsible use of the judicial veto under the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment has done more to undermine confidence in our courts than all the antics of all the Reds in our national history. Finally, it is a fallacy to hold that the courts guarantee and maintain a government of laws rather than of men. The personal equation with judges is often as important as with congressmen. Changes in personnel on the supreme court have led to the most far-reaching changes in the interpretation and application of the same body of law. Government by the supreme court in practice is government by men.

Good Work Prompt and favorable submission to the senate of the President’s proposal for a $2,000,000,000 reconstruction finance corporation to thaw frozen credits is evidence that the*Democratic and progressive leaders are only too ready to co-operate with the President in any constructive proposals. The senate committee acted with speed. 'Congress should eliminate any possible jokers from section 5, and provide essential safeguards that the huge fund will be used for protection of bank depositors and insurance policy holders instead of misused for the benefit of stock speculators. Whether this measure will work the credit miracles anticipated by the President, is beside the point. Such a fund and such a government organization will help some. Banks and Insurance companies will receive aid from it if they are sound. And that is bound to improve general economic conditions. If this measure can be put through both houses of congress by next week, the corporation should be in actual operation by next month. Quick action is necessary. Wage cuts are the rage. In fact, wage cuts are the rage wherever there are wage cuts. ■ Yet, Hoover has appointed a woman to the Geneva conference on cutting arms. And that, somehow, is disarming. Building trades heads say the only solution to the depression is adjusting wage scales. Which, after all, may be the right weigh.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

I SUPPOSE there never has lived the mother of an adolescent daughter whose husband did not gire her periodic scoldings on her shiftless methods of bringing up the girl. “Put her to work,” he will yell. “Teach her to cook and wash dishes. Are you completely brainless that you go on doing everything and let. that great big girl sit around with her hands folded? What kind of wife do you think she will be?” If mother is smart, she will say nothing, for it is useless to argue with a man in that mood. If she did speak, however, she probably would retore, “She’ll make a better wife than I am.” And the chances are she would be right. I find myself vastly encouraged in this contention by Dr. David Snedden of Columbia university, who says it is a mistake to inflict housework on school girls, and that women should have such instructions later on, just before marriage, when they would profit by them. * a u TO go back to father. He does not believe that Junior will end in a life of vagrancy merely because he does not care for mowing the lawn or tending the furnace at 16. But he is sure his daughter is a no account if she does not race her mother to the kitchen three tithes a day in her eagerness to do the dishes. Which only proves that he does not understand human nature. I am convinced that the present generation of women are poor housewives mainly because they were so fed up with such work at an age when their whole beings cried out for something less monotonous. The girl who is led by the ear to the dishpan is going to end up with a cold hatred for kitchen work that may cause her to commit crimes in avoiding it. Then, too, her mother’s house is not a daughter’s responsibility. She must develop that sense of possessiveness that makes each woman take a pride in her own home. And she will xrevelop it only when she has one of her own.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M.E. Tracy SAYS:

Despite Arrests and Indictments, Harlan County’s People Still Are in a Mood to Settle Any Issue With the Rifle. LEXINGTON, Ky., Jan. 6.—The trial of William Hightower now going on at Mt. Sterling for conspiracy to murder is the second of its kind to be held in connection with the ambuscade which occurred at Evarts the sth of last May, W. B. Jones having been tried, convicted and sentenced to life early in December. Twenty-one cases have been set for trial in connection with this same offense, while some forty others remain to be set. It is the state’s contention that the ambuscade was arranged at a miners’ meeting and that many are guilty of conspiracy to murder, though they did not actually participate in it, or were not even in the neighborhood at the time. Hightower is a typical mountaineer, 77 years of age, and is president of the local union, though unable to read or write. W. B. Jones was secretary of the union until his arrest and conviction. As might be expected, there is conflict of testimony as to what actually occurred at the Evarts ambuscade, in which two deputy sheriffs, a commissary clerk and a miner lost their lives, though every one admits that quite a battle took place between nine peace officers, who were riding along the road, and a much greater number of men scattered about an adjacent field and hillside.

Clash Typifies Bitterness IT is not so clear just how, why, or tnrough whom the trouble started. Surviving peace officers, several of whom were wounded, declare that none of their party did any shooting until it was attacked. While the Evarts ambuscade is the most bloody event which thus far has occurred in Harlan county’s mine war, it typifies the bitterness of feeling which exists and the prevalent willingness to resort to the arbitrament of force. Since last March, when the trouble really began, eight persons are known to have been killed—five peace officers and three miners—while several others hav been wounded, among them two journalists. Miners have been intimidated, coal property has been destroyed, tipples have been burned, and a soup kitchen has been blown up. More than one hundred arrests have been made and the court docket has been loaded with charges ranging all the way from disorderly conduct to murder.

Strike Threat 111-Timed THERE would have been unemployment and distress in Harlan county without any strikes, lockouts, attempts to organize the miners, efforts to break the union by coal operators, or the appearance of radical agitators. Even with these added factors of confusion, the operators have been able to mine all the coal they can sell and it is not enough to keep more than half the available help at work more than half the time. Regardless of how one may feel about it from an economic standpoint, the trouble in Harlan county was precipitated at a most inauspicious moment. With a depression on, millions of people out of work, and the coal industry at low ebb, last spring was no time for the miners to threaten strike. That is what they did, however, in spite of the advice of national officials of the United Mine Workers at a mass meeting March 1. Miners who attended that meeting were discharged or blacklisted and a few sympathetic strikes occurred as the result. Meanwhile, unemployment increased and hundreds of the idle sought membership in the union. The Red Cross was appealed to for relief, but made the usual reply that it could not assist those engaged in industrial disputes. A n u * Radicals Jump In SUCH a situation was singularly favorable to agents of the National Miners’ union, which works in opposition to the United Mine Workers, and which generally is regarded as being under the influence of radical leadership. The infiltration of radicalism not only has given the coal operators and public officials who sympathize with their policy a tremendous lever, but has turned many middleclass people against the union miners. It also has served to deter miners from joining the union and to persuade those who had already joined to withdraw. The organization is but a shadowy remnant of what it was. Its treasury is without funds, its members without work and its standing without prestige. With some sixty of its members indicted for conspiracy to murder, and an even larger number facing trial for criminal syndicalism, banding and confederating; with little hope of relief from the outside; with the region overrun by special deputies and mine guards, it faces a bleak prospect.

Law Vs, Sentiment Notwithstanding ail the arrests that have been made, all the indictments that have been found and all the measures that have been taken to make Harlan county obey orders and ask no questions, its people still are armed in strict accordance with their tradition, still in a mood to settle any issue with the rifle, and still irritated by hardships and distress. Most of the important cases which have originated in Harlan county will be tried elsewhere because, as the prosecuting attorneys contend, it would be difficult to find a home jury which would convict. It is one thing to arrest people on trumped-up, or even serious charges, clap them in jail and hold them there indefinitely. It is quite another to let twelve men who know them and who are familiar with their difficulties, traditions and problems, decide what should be done. The fact that many of the more sefious cases will be tried in other courts by petition of the prosecution, speaks for itself. There is obviously a gulf between popular sentiment and the law in Harlan .county.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Trench Mouth Is Highly Infectious

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. DURING the World war much attention was given to the condition called trench mouth or sore mouth which apparently was transmitted rapidly from one person to another through the use of, common dishes not properly sterilized and occasionally by the closer contact that comes with osculation. In Vincent’s angina, a greenishgray membrane forms in 'the mouth. It is not easily wiped off and may be associated with a very bad odor. The gums bleed easily. When the membrane is rubbed, a bleeding surface, which appears ulcerated, is left. The person who has the condition may have a slight fever, some pain on swallowing

IT SEEMS TO ME -5588”

THE man downstairs says I ought to keep my apartment locked. He thinks that, on account of the depression, burglars might come in. In a measure’ he is right, for I have no desire to play a mean and dirty trick even upon a lawbreaker. I would not wish a criminal to climb ten flights of stairs and then find nothing more than the brown suit and a first edition of Ben Hecht’s last collection of short stories. Besides, I can’t quite promise the brown suit. I might be wearing that. The blue one has begun to give. Perhabs a few simple rules will prevent grave disappointment and keep everybody happy. In the first place, entry should not be made earlier than 4 a. m., which is my bedtime. I am assuming that the people whom I address are subtle enough to prefer to steal by stealth and that they are no members of any vulgar stickup set. tt tt St Not Too Early,' Please BE that as it may, I’m warning them that I have a very nasty temper when aroused and that they had better respect my hours and tread lightly. As to the manner in which they propose to gain entrance, I wouldn’t presume to offer any suggestions. Concerning such things they know best. But if it is at all convenient they might like to know that, even if I lock the front door, it’s easy to get in by the side window. I used that myself after I lost the key. But chiefy I want to inform the prospectors that thel-e is no jewelry. Misunderstandings of this sort sometimes create bitterness. I have heard of burglars who spoke harsh-

Questions and Answers

What Is a nom de plume? A name assumed by an author to conceal his identity in connection with his literary output. In what year and by what authority was the motto “In God we trust’’ pat on United States coins? In 1864, by authority of congress. What was the value of the estate left by George Washington? His* estate TOs conservatively estimated at $530,000. When and where did Lotta Crabtree, the actress, die? She died at Boston, Mass., Sept. 26, 1924. How is the word Table d’hote pronounced? It is pronounced tab-l-dote. The “a” is pronounced as in “palm” and the “o” as in oats.

Daily Thought

But we have dwelt in tents, and have obeyed, and done according to all that Jonadab our father commanded us.—Jeremiah 35:10. Obedience Is the mother of suecess.—Aeschylus,

Alone!

and the lymph glands in the neck which are swollen. . The physician makes certain of his diagnosis by taking a specimen of the membrane, and putting it under the microscope. He thep sees the germs which are typical of this disease, germs discovered by the French bacteriologist Vincent. As long as these germs are present in the mouth, the possibility exists that the person may transmit the disease to others. ‘‘He therefore must be exceedingly careful about the way in which dishes, towels, and similar objects used in his daily hygiene come into contact with other people. The disease occurs most often in people who are of low resistance, perhaps because of undernutrition,

ly to victims when disappointed, and I want no broken hearts in my house. I’m sorry that there is no jewelry, but nobody ever has given me any. When I have held my job for fifty years I expect to be honored at a dinner and to receive a gold watch, with my name inscribed upon the case. This event is still ahead of us. The most valuable possession in the flat is the mechanical piano. I would advise the burglars not to carry it away, because there are still a great many installments to be paid on it. tt tt tt Riches in the Kitchen THE kitchen should be by far the most profitable Held of operation. in the days when Flagg lived with me, he slept out there, and burglary might well have been an extrahazardous occupation. Now there is no dog. I might get one almost any minute. The silver is in the kitchen, and, with the exception of the water pitcher, all of it will be found in the two top drawers of the table. The knives and forks marked K. L. G. are notmiine and were borrowed for a New Year’s party. However, hny one with a good flashlight should have no trouble sorting these out from the others. After the burglars have the silver pacl?ed up, I think they really might as well go home. There is nothing else, as far as I can remember, which would interest them. Os course, if they care to speculate and take a chance, the visiting cracksmen could carry out one or two pictures with them. In my opinion the marine above the bookcase in the library is good, but probably it would have to be held a few yearl> to realize a tremendous profit. The style of it is still several cuts over the head of the general public. Sometimes there is money in

M TODAY $ x WORLD WAR V ANNIVERSARY °rk&)SL

DRAFT LAW DECISION January 1

ON Jan. ?, 1918, the United States supreme court declared the draft law constitutional. The high tribunal ruled that congress has the power to exact enforced military duty by its citizens. Seven caseo were acted on. Chief Justice White, in his decision, declared: “ . . . Although . . . compleled military service is repugnant to free government and in conflict with all the great guarantees of the Constitution as to individual liberty, it must be assumed that the authority to raise armies was intended to be limited to the right to call an army into existence, counting alone upon the willingness of the citizen to do his duty in time of public need — that to, in time of war.. "... But we are constrained to the conclusion that the contention to that effect is refuted by its mere statement*”

and also in those whose teeth are not well taken care of. Apparently there are more cases in children than in grownups. There is no reason why a child with Vincent’s angina should not go to school, provided it is informed properly as to the danger of transmitting the disease to other children, and can be made to realize its responsibility in this connection. It has been found that a drug called sodium perborate has a definite effect in destroying the germs in Vincent’s angina. The drug is also valuable as a cleansing agent affecting other germs. Hence the person who is infected may use a preparation of perborate as a gargle or as a spray, and, in addition, have it applied frequently in fairly strong amounts directly to the infected gums and tissues.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

autographs. I have a Theodore Roosevelt letter, but it is typed, and only the signature is in the Colonel’s own hand. Somewhere in the top drawer of the desk there is a Floyd Dell and a Booth Tarkington. And in the small locked cabinet in the front room lies a genuine Walter Winchell. A presentation copy of “Main Street” is on one of the shelves, but I will promise no burglar that he can put his hands upon it, for I have searched the premises steadfastly without success. Any one who breaks in here simply will have to take his chance in the matter of that book. tt tt tt And Little Else THAT about completes the list, except for a few things of merely sentimental value. Nobody else, I suppose, would care about the program of the first performance of “Round the Town” in Newark, N. J., or an illustrated poster of the lecture which I gave in Harrisburg three years ago on “Journalism and the Arts.” Possibly it was “The Modern Parent.” Those are somewhat rarer. But granting that the flat offers the readiest immediate return, I would seek out something else if I came to this house as a burglar. Remember, I’m giving no guarantee in regard to the silver. None of it was bought by me, and so far I have not gone to the trouble to have it sent out and assayed and priced. But at best what is a handful of silver? The whole lot of it would hardly repay a housebreaker of the better sort. So far I have held something from him. There is a potential treasure in the house. The desk in which it lies is close to my bed, and I sleep lightly. Os course, there is a risk, but a great thief, an imaginative and unerring Raffles, might rifle the contents there and come away with the first rough draft of “Gandle Follows His Nose” in his possession. (Copyright. 1932. bv The Times)

What Do the Stars Say? Astrology to one of the most ancient forms of superstition and prevailed widely among eastern nations. Reading one’s fortune from the stars has been a favorite method of attempting to divine the future and secure guidance by mankind from earliest times Our Washington Bureau has compiled an interesting bulletin givine a brief history of Astrology, and a series of Horoscopes for a Year You will find it an interesting and amusing compilation and will enjoy comparing your personal characteristics with what Astrol ogers say are the strong and weak points of persons bora on Dar ticular dates throughout the year. Fill out the coupon below Vnri send for the bulletin. ow and CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 164, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin ASTROLOGICAL HOROSCOPES FOR A YEAR, and inclose herewith five cents in coin, or loose uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postaee and handling costs. Name Street and Number City state lam a reader of The Indianapolis Times f (Code No.)

JAN. 7, im

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

New Planet and Proof That' Universe Is Expanding Are Contributions of 1931 tg Astronomical Science . THE depression, outstanding economic event of 1930, continued to hold the terrestial limelight during 1931. The heavens fared better in both years. The year 1930 was a period of expansion for the solar system. Old Sol & Cos. experienced the biggest boom in centuries with the announcement of the discovery of the planet, Pluto. On March 13, 1930, the astronomers of the Lowell observatory of Flagstaff, Adz., increased the number of known planets from eight to nine with the announcement of the discovery of the trans-Neptunian Planet X which had been predicted by Professor Percival Lowell. It was named Pluto because the first two letters of that name are the initials of Pervical Lowell—P. L. Bigger and better expansions were the rule in 1931 when it was definitely established through co-opera-tive efforts of a large number of astronomers, mathematical physicists and relativity experts that tho entire universe is expanding. The discovery first was made at the Mt. Wilson observatory that all distant spiral nebulae were receding from the earth and that the more distant the nebula, the faster it was moving away. This was interpreted by De Sitter and others to mean that the whole universe was expanding like a gigantic soap-bubble. The matter was clinched by the discovery by Lemaitre that the idea of an expanding uinverse was inherent in the Einstein equations althought . instein himself had failed to notice it. K It K Once Small? OF course, the idea of an expanding universe did not originate in, 1931. It is several years old: but 1931 saw the general acceptance of the idea among astronomers. Eddington and others calculated the rate of expansion, and it is generally accepted that the rate is such that the universe doubles ita size every fourteen million years. The question which arises at once —and which is bound to occupy the attention of scientists during 1932 —is the question of the future of the universe. Will this expansion go on endlessly? Another difficulty arises when we begin to consider the beginning of the universe. If we assume that the rate has been the same in the past, it means that the universe was one-half its present size fourteen million years ago, one-quarter its present size twenty-eight million years ago, and so on. At this rate, the universe would be condensed to a point at a not very distant date—that is, not very distant as millions are bandied about in astrohomical theories. For. studies of the stars would indicate that the stars are about fifteen trillion years old. Here is a seeming inconsistency which calls for further study. Perhaps the way out is to be found in the theory suggested by Professor Richard C. Tolman, one of the mathematical physicists and relativity experts of the California Institute of Technology. He suggests that the universe is like a gigantic accordion, now expanding for a cycle of some millions of years, now contracting for a cycle.

Controversy Ahead TTVR. TOLMAN has also suggested LJ that this alternate expansion and contraction may neutralize the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that the universe is running down. It states that the sun and stars are continuously dissipating their energies into space and that energy once scattered, is scattered forever. When Dr. William De Sitter, the famous Dutch astronomer, one of the authorities on the expanding universe, was lecturing in this country a few months ago, I asked him whether he thought the contraction of the universe might neutralize the second law of thermodynamics. He said that he was of thd opinion that it would not. Hiss opinion was that the law would continue to operate no matter what else happened. This is the opinion of many scientists. Eddington and Jeans, for example, regard the second law of thermodynamics as the most fundamental law of the universe. However, this is not the opinion of Millikan, who believes that the cosmic rays are an exception to the law. Millikan believes that cosmic rays are proof that somewhere in the universe energy is being reassembled and formed into atoms of matter. The year 1932 is bound to see a continuation of the various discussions. “Expanding cosmic rays, and second law of thermodynamics will figure in much of the scientific news. Meanwhile astronomers look forward to the completion of the new 200-inch telescope. It will bring many new spiral nebulae within, range of man’s sight and provide new evidence of what is happening to the universe.