Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 192, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 December 1931 — Page 4

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Call the Legislature That the delinquency in tax payments in the state will cause trouble and confusion, now seems certain. Great numbers of those who own farms and small homes are unable to bet? or borrow enough for tax payments. The law will demand penalties for those who fail m pay, penalties jn the form of fines that will go for ttfle most part to tax collectors and not into the public treasury. Taxation, under the present system, has come to be synonomous with confiscation. The farmers and workers of the state are demanding a special session of the legislature to correct the evils of the tax system and save the property from being gathered into the hands of the few. The farmers vision a future where agriculture will be in the hands of financial institutions and the independent farmer a memory. They see serfdom ahead through the slow means of tax inequity. The same future holds good for the man who saves a lifetime to purchase a small home. When depression hits and jobs go, the tax collector takes the home. The owner is at a disadvantage. If he is out of work too long and needs aid, he can get none if he holds a deed or an equity in anything. Borrowing is, of course, an impossibility. The legislature, brought more sharply against the facts than during prosperous days, should find it easy to get an answer to these problems. The farm bureau has one plan. It could be no worse than the present •system, even if it has flaws. “They Must Be Fed” The United States children’s bureau is the Cinderella of all government institutions. Housed In a firetrap, its staff freezes in winter and swelters in summer as it goes about its business of saving the nation’s babies and children on ari appropriation of less than $400,000 a year. Hence, when this bureau’s chief, Miss Grace Abbott, finds it necessary to set herself against the White House her courage shines with double luster. President Hoover's message to congress, forgetting the shipping, aviation and farm subsidies, opposed “any direct or indirect government dole.” Our people,” he said, "are provided against distress from unemployment in true American fashion by a magnificent response to public appeal and by action of the local governments.” Miss Abbott's annual report is less reassuring. By actual surveys she found that “some of the smaller communities have been quite, unable to meet the needs of the children during the past year,” particularly in those communities like the coal mining centers of some seven or eight states and other communities dependent upon a single industry. “Local public and private resources are quite inadequate in these areas to meet the needs of the children of the unemployed or under-employed men,” she reports. “These communities,” she adds, “are no more capable of carrying the relief load by either local public taxation or local private gifts than is a poor district in a city.” We agree with her: “The children must he fed.” If no one else will or can do it, the federal government should.

A Reasonable Request Three western senators —Cutting of New Mexico, Walsh of Montana and Costigan of Colorado—have introduced a resolution calling upon the White House 1,0 deliver to the senate all records of the late Wickersham commission relating to Mooney-Billings trials. This resolution should be adopted unanimously and complied with by the President. So far as the public knows there reposes in the White House vaults a 600-page report on these California cases. It was prepared by legal experts for the commission’s subcommittee on lawlessness in law enforcement and delivered to the subcommittee’s chairman, Judge W. S. Kenyon, who in turn delivered it to the commission. It was suppressed on grounds trivial and legalistic. Such a report was said to be beyond the commission's province. The experts, it is understood, made no recommendations. They merely cited the instances of legal anarchy in the conduct of these two famous trials. Any account of the law’s anarchy in America is incomplete without the records of these trials. But, aside from what the report contains, the senate has the right and the duty to see it. The Wickersham commission was authorized by congress; the funds for its investigations were voted by congress; the results of its investigations—all of them—belong to congress. As Senator Cutting has said, the nature of the report, is not at issue. The question is: Shall public records be withheld from the public? The obvious answer is, No. In 1918, President Wilson, to save Mooney’s life, cut through red tape, sent an investigator to California and issued his enlightening Dcnsmore report. The Wickersham commission experts did their work equally well and courageously. Legalistic and political considerations should not be permitted to bury their work. And particularly not, since Tom Mooney and Warren Billings still are in jail. Fleeing Factories The congressional investigation of the flight of American industries to Canada, proposed by Representative Canfleld of Indiana, should reveal one of the most disheartening effects of our high tariff. It should be broadened to include the banishing of our industries to other lands besides Canada. According to Dr. James Harvey Rogers of Yale, the expatriation of American industry has been rapid and devastating as the result of our tariffs. By the end of 1929 American investments in factories abroad reached $1,813,000,000. Approximately 45 per cent of this sum was invested in Canada, 35 per cent in Europe and the rest in Latin-America and Asia. Some 1,500 plants, American except for American pay rolls and American raw materials, now operate in Canada. In Europe there are 453 American branch factories employing European workers, while millions of American workers roam the streets. As pointed out by Dr. Rogers, to escape retaliatory foreign tariffs provoked by the Hawley-Smoot law, our industrialists moved their plants under the foreign walls. "In this migratory movement, to the stimulus of foreign tariff barriers apparently is added that of our own,” writes Dr. Rogers in his book, ‘ America Weighs Her Gold.” “Thus, because of our own tariff walls ard because of others largely provoked by our own, the resulting handicaps to our export trade areleadwg to

The Indianapolis Times (A HCKIPi'S-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214*220 West Maryland street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail aubaciip. tlon rates in Indiana. $3 a rear: outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GCRLEY. BOY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKEfC Editor President Business Manager PHONE—RIIey ftftfil MONDAY. DEC. 21, 1331. Member of United Press, Serippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Asso elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

the export of our industries themselves; and, in general, it is our mo6t progressive industries which are first to find this avenue of escape. "Furthermore, in migrating, they are carrying with them not only American machinery, American technique, American executive ability, but what to many appears vastly more important, no uncertain part of American buying of raw materials and supplies and of American wage-paying ability. These are losses that never can be recovered.” A Great Jurist Tributes by Henry W. Taft and other eminent lawyers to Chief Judge Benjamin N>. Cardoza of the New York court of appeals at the recent dinner in New York City, bring to national attention again one of the jurists best fitted for elevation to the United States supreme court. Unfortunate!/, the practice in the past too often has been to wait until a vacancy occurred in the high court and then make some quick selection, sometimes for political purposes. Since the supreme court is ultimately more powerful than congress or the President, too much care can not be given to choosing-its membership. There is no reason why recognized leaders of the legal profession should not have in mind the ablest jurists of the country for recommendation to the President for future supreme court vacancies. At the time President Hoover attempted the sur- . prise appointment of the unfitted Judge John J. Parker, a great many distinguished lawyers agreed ! that Judge Cardoza was the best man In the country for the post. But there seemed to be no effective way in which to register their judgment with the White House or public opinion. Now is the time to begin thinking about jurists who are worthy of promotion to the most powerful tribunal in the world. Judge Cardoza In his brilliance and fairness has represented on the bench that ideal of the law. which he quoted at the recent New York dinner from Lord Brougham a century ago: “It was the boast of Augustus that he found Rome of brick and left it of marble. But how much nobler will be our sovereign’s boast, when he shall have it to say that he found the law dear and left it cheap; found it a sealed book, left it a living letter; found it I the patrimony of the rich, left it the inheritance of ! the poor; found it the two-edged sword of craft and i oppression, left It the staff of honesty and the shield of innocence.”

Read La Follette’s Words Congressmen from Mississippi valley states are hopeful of passing a bill providing a bond issue of half a billion dollars to hasten the work on all authorized river and harbor improvement projects. If these improvements are going to do us any good at all, they should be done now, declared sponsors of the big bond issue. Men could be put to work; much needed employment would be furnished. To those who argue that this can not be done, that the government can not put millions of men to work, we recommend the reading of the last paragraph but one of the message to the Wisconsin legislature framed by Governor Philip La Follette. Says Governor Phil; “They will tell you that the government can not put 5,000,000 men to work, although they forget that they put 4,000,000 American young men to w'ork at the business of war; that they squandered $40,000,000.000 of American money in the most wasteful and futile war of modern history. “And still they will say that you are extravagant and wasteful and visionary because you propose to spend billions or millions to build highways and bridges and power plants that will .make the farmer's and the worker s life better and happier; you may spend tens of billions to destroy—but nothing to build up a richer life.” Thirty-Five Cents For most of us. 35 cents will buy a drug-store lunch, a cheap movie ticket, or a pound of butter. For a member of a mine loader's family in the coal fields of the United States, it has to buy everything he or she uses in a day. Mine loaders comprise the bulk of coal mine workers. Studies made by the Labor Research Association of 124 scattered families in twenty-five mines of western Pennsylvania and elsewhere reveal that a mine loader with a family of five receives in wages these days $lO to $lB a week. Deducting the miner's eosts for company doctor, lights, powder and smithing, he is left 35 rents a day to spend upon rent, food, clothing and all other family expenses. Out of the 124 families, only 18 get by without borrowing. The others live by goipg deeper into debt. A peace gathering in Paris broke up in a fist fight. Just rounding into form for the Geneva conference. Clarence Chamberlin brought down a flying hippopotamus! But it was rubber, it wasn’t stretching a point.

Just Every Day Sense BY AIRS. WALTER FERGUSON

“TV/fY GOD,’’ cried Ely Culbertson, “who is that IVA doing all the tramping around in Russian boots?” It was only a ghost writer, explains the press dispatch from which the above is quoted. I wonder whether we can be sure of that. May it not have been something more sinister than a polite reporter who tip-toed past, lest he disturb the champions battling in the next room? For while real men in Russian boots are bending all their thought and energy to perfect a plan that will lift poverty from the oppressed, we in the United States are bending over a bridge table and using too much of our limited intelligence to decide on a system of contract bidding. tt tt THE President has asked for a billion-dollar tax increase and we breathlessly count the quick tricks for an original bid. Millions of our people are starving and we bet hundreds of thousands upon the outcome of a parlor game. The miners of Kentucky, stupefied by misery; the unemployed, restless, sullen after months of enforced idleness; the babies dying for lack of milk, all become insignificant figures while we open up a 150-rubber match with blusterings, speeches, photographings, and broadcasting. Let the country worry along, let the tariff ride us to destruction, let peace pacts fail, we shall know whether the forcing system is sound. We shall -play go6d bridge. China may fall, but from the Hotel Chatham echoes the clamor of contract and the “battle of the century” is fought in tuxedoes. But—“My God,” cried Ely Culbertson, “who is that doing all that tramping around in Russian boots?” Could it have been the faint, far-off footsteps of the giant. Communism, that he heard? He comes, he holds many quick tricks. He is a good jpiayer. And America is vulnerable.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Obviously, America's Ostentatious Course of “Splendid Isolation ” Has Not Worked Out Very Well. NEW YORK, Dec. 21.—Bertrand Russell, who does a rather good job at playing the triple role of belted earl, savant and barnstormer, thinks we Americans are bewildered hopelessly. All those in favor say “aye;” ail those opposed, “no.” The ’ayes” have it. We are bewildered, whether hopelessly, or not. and the reason ! for it is not particularly obscure. Many of our pet theories have failed to work and many of our most cherished superstitions have broken down. * • " U, S. Disillusioned THE world was not “saved for democracy,” a Republican administration has failed to preserve j prosperity and the federal reserve system did not prevent a panic, i though we try to pretend otherwise by calling it “depression.” Prohibition which was supposed | to reduce, if not eliminate crime, finds our prisons crowded, our | courts over-worked and our people ; terrorized by all sorts of newj fangled racketeering after ten | years. In spite of all the red lights and traffic, cops, the auto exacts a steadily increasing toll of death and injury. The federal government faces Its greatest deficit, and though the nation’s income has shrunk by 25 per cent, we are told that a hike in taxes is necessary. tt tt tt Holding the Bag WE have fathered a couple of conferences on disarmament, but our military budget is many times what it was thirty years ago. We have persuaded other nations to indorse the peace movement by signing such agreements as the Kellogg pact and nine-power treaty, but only to find ourselves holding the bag In Manchuria. Whether other governments take the Manchurian situation seriously, ! they apparently are waiting for us to do the dirty work. man Worse and More of It ONE can not help wondering why some of the rest of the signatories to the nine-power treaty don’t speak up. Maybe they consider that the League of Nations has spoken for them. Not pausing to discuss that, what has been accomplished? There are more Japanese soldiers in Manchuria today than there were when “conversations” began, with still more on the way, while the latest is an ultimatum from Tokio that all Chinese forces get inside the Great Wall and. stay there. tt M Splendid Isolation? Regardless of merit, the | Manchurian situation has been tossed into our lap. If we don’t do something about, it, no one else will. Incidentally, that seems to be the case with a good many situations. In one way, or another, European governments have arranged the plot of debt until the question of German reparations becomes dependent on what we do. Obviously, our ostentatious course of “splendid isolation” was not worked out very well. tt tt n Can’t Keep ‘Hands Off’ THE trouble is that we have made little effort to square ideals with reality. Pretending to be for world peace, we have stubbornly refused to join the Vone agency which promised mucl, of anything in its behalf. Pretending that reparations and the drots owed us by allied governments Rad nothing to do with each other, we have intermeddled with every reparations conference. The two plans by which the reparations problem was supposed to have been solved carry American names—Dawes and Young. Added to that, we virtually have underwritten every great loan -which reparations, or the economic confusion growing out of them made necessary. Counting war debts, we probably have fifteen or twenty billion dollars tied up in Europe, yet continue to kid ourselves with the idea that reparations have no direct bearing on our present, or prospective financial difficulties.

M TODAY jss 9 '7 !t IS THE- W WORLD WAR - ANNIVERSARY

STRUGGLE IN ASIA MINOR December 21 ON Dec. 21, 1917, England staged a strong offensive in Asia Minor, along the Nahr el Auja river front, with the resulting capture of six villages near the mouth of the river and the Turkish stronghold of Ras ez Zandy, two miles northeast of Bethany. Report that Germany was considering peace was circulated with the information that a government bureau for studying questions relating to peace had been opened in Berlin. Dr. Karl Helfferich headed the bureau. England, after suffering a heavy property and life loss in an airplane raid Dec. 18, again was paid a visit by German planes, but with smaller loss. One German plane was brought down.

Daily Thought

The trespass money and sin money was not brought into the house of the Lord: it was the priests’.—ll Kings 12:16. Mammon is the largest slaveholder in the world. —Frederic Saunders. Did Alaska, Hawaii and the Philippines furnish any troops to the American army in the World war? Men from Alaska and Hawaii were drafted into the army. The Philippine legislature voted to offer 25,000 men to the United States for service in the war. but they were not used outside the Philippines.

OiCH jmmgk] ( This j ,

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Measles Most Serious to Infants

BY UR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. THE most common time of appearance of measles ■ is in the months of March to June, the least prevalence being from August to October. Probably not more than three or four out of every thousand cases die. The available figures indicate that the deaths in the United States run from 2,500 to 8,500 deaths per year. However, in serious outbreaks of the disease occurring in asylums for infants as many as 35 per cent may die. In poorer districts where there is malnutrition, overcrowding and inadequate nursing care, the death rate may be high.

IT SEEMS TO ME

FIRST came the rain, say the scientists, and after it the puddles. Man was only third in line. And, according to the latest theory, he found his origin in organisms swimming about in warm pools on the surface of the earth. It makes the complete Darwinian successiorf seem a little futile. After all, the story of the long trek could be told with something as simple as, “After millions of years, man has managed to get himself out of warm water into hot.” Life in those early days after the shower seems to have been extremely simple. The creatures of the pool knew neither depression nor prosperity. Emotion swayed them very little. They drifted from one side of the puddle to the other as the wind listed. And perhaps the first organism which went all the way across the fifteen-foot expanse thought of himself as a Columbus. But ambition entered slightly into the range of emotion. We were all nudists then, for no policemen enforced any regulation about stockings for the women or against onepiece bathing suits in the base of men. Asa matter of fact, not even sex had been invented. Oh, yes, it was much simpler. Art and war, perplexity and the creative urge were still to come. The water was warm. The scientists have insisted on that. And so the day was spent paddling lazily five feet south and a like distance north again. Weren’t we the fools ever to have crawled out! n n n A Sing Sing First Night IN dealing with the minstrel show at Sing Sing one newspaper commentator says that this is reducing prison reform to an absurdity. ‘Humane treatment of prisoners is an accepted principle of penology,” he adds, “but how much will it be advanced with the staging of a minstrel show at Sing Sing which owes its kick to the fact that the cast includes footpads and murderers?” Mention is made of the fact that regulations have been published warning visitors not to carry jewels, weapons, drugs or liquor into the prison. And the commenator goes on to say: “Such are the serio-comic regulations made necessary by the attempt to treat a set of men who are under restraint for having broken the law. As if they were living under the same conditions as the mass of humanity.” a a a Leaving It to Lawes I AM not sure that either football or theatricals have advanced the cause of prison reform. These activities in a penitentiary have loosed a large amount of unfavorable criticism. And yet I am willing to leave the matter to the wisdom of Warden Lawes, who seems to me one of the most enlightened penologists in America. And it might be relevant, Sing Sing alone has escaped the incidents of bloody riot. It is probable that Lawes knows the temper of the inmates and when to bear down and when to grant concessions. Ail Sing Sing graduates whom I ever have met testify tp his fairness. We need not pay much attention to the charge that if prison life is made too soft, hundreds of lawbreakers will choose to be within the walls rather than outside. In that matter we have conducted a

Who Said Business Is Business?

C The disease is particularly serious in children under 1 year of age, | running from thirty to fifty deaths ,in a thousand cases as contrasted : with three to four deaths in a thousand cases in children between I 5 and 15 years of age. In controlling measles, the health officer demands that cases be reported by doctors, who see then j that children with the disease are isolated so as not to come in contact with other children. The public needs to be educated as to the nature of the spread of this decease so that mothers with cases in their own families will cooperate by discouraging contacts, and mothers of small children will guard them against possible contact with cases of colds and similar ill[ness in neighboring families.

large scale laboratory test within the last two years. One starving man broke a window in the hope that he might escape cold and hunger inside a prison. But this case was so spectacular that it received two-column headlines. As things stand now, millions rather would shiver in a breadline than give up even such tattered rags of liberty as they possess. In spite of football games and minstrel shows, nobody wants to go to prison. And I am inclined to believe that the Lawes method is sound because of one of the points raised against him by the commentator whom I have quoted. He speaks of men under restraint being treated “as if they were living under the same conditions as the mass of humanity!” tt a In Touch With Humanity I THINK it essential that some current of contact with life in general must be maintained. If all inmates served fifty-year sentences or more, this might not be important. But a great many men in jail are going to be sent out into the world again after a year, or five, or ten. If they have been completely di-

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—Why is it that our honorable mayor sidetracks all discussion of the Citizens Gas Company’s difficulties when an inquiry of utilities is under way? Is it not because the trustees should have seen to it that reserves were set up to liquidate their stock and bond spread before turning over the property to the city? This should have been done before dividends were declared. Why not bring out some light on the negotiations between the so-called utility district and the gas company? Are they getting ready to slip a fast one over on an already overtaxed citizenry? Should the city assume the indebtedness of this vastly overcapitalized utility, when the people were led to believe that gas here could be made for less than 1 cent a thousand cubic foot and delivered to the consumer at a profit at 50 cents a thousand cubic feet? HOWARD F. CARLIN. 4806 East Washington street. Editor Tiir s—Your Washington correspondent, Fay Tucker, probably is mistaken, honestly enough, in finding the current pronouncements of the secretary of the treasury and of the President in conflict on the subject of world tiaance. An enlightened interpretation of the two documents will giye the best possible assurance that Secretary Mellon is well satisfied with Mr. Hoover’s work in the executive chair —equally as well satisfied is Mr. Mellon as with the performance of the late President Hardißg, or with that of ex-President Coolidge. Most readers will recall that Mr. Mellon tested the capacities of each President named thoroughly, and in trying times. If further assurance were needed as to Mr. Hoover's standing in world finance, it would be found in the fact that Mr. Hoover is either an honorary or a former member of the Devonshire Club and the Albemarle Club, two London clubs than which there are none more substantial. Mr. Hoover's official acts In world finance should carry far.

It has been found that the injection of the blood of a person who has just recovered from the disease is protective for a period of three to four weeks. Hence in time of serious epidemic this measure may be used with the advice of the physician. In serious cases also the serum of convalescent patients is injected to control the complications and to hasten recovery. In this disease proper medical and nursing care is of the greatest importance in the prevention of complications. If the child is put to bed promptly. kept warm, adequately fed, and watched for the occurrence of complications in its earliest stages, it is more likely to recover without serious effects than if neglected in any manner.

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vorced from ordinary existence, they will not be equipped to resume their place in it. My chief complaint against a prison is that it does not fit a man for anything else. I went once with a show to Sing Sing and met there an inmate who seemed to have great executive capacity. He was an officer of the now defunct Mutual Welfare League. When he came out, we met and worked together for a little while. But his capacity had diminished. Even simple tasks were too much for him. All use of judgment and choice had been so long denied that these attributes were atrophied. And only a week ago I talked to a man who had just served ten years. He said frankly: “Even if I get a job it won’t do me much good. You see. I've been going along with everything regulated for me. I went to bed at a certain time. I got up at a certain time and had my meals on the dot. Things were managed foi me. I m afraid I can’t manage myself.” And so I think that if a minstrel show or a football game can serve a little to convince the short termer that he still is within the land of the living, these things have served their purpose. (Copyright. 1931. bv The Timesl

The same considerations make it certain the President will be renominated. As to ratification at the polls in November, 1932, it only can be said that times such as these, calling for ability of a technical and expert nature, would be ill chosen indeed for the expression of merely popular preferences in the choice of a chief executive in the White House. GARDNER WILSON. What were the findings of the Lnited States naval court of inquiry about the sinking of the battleship Maine in Havana Harbor? That the ship was sunk by the explosion of a large submarine mine. When were the first and second battles of the Marne fought? The first battle was fought between Sept. 6 and 9, 1914. The second battle occurred July 15, 1918.

Is Your Job Safe? It would be, if you were at the COLUMBIA CONSERVE COMPANY, makers of the very best of soups, tomato Juice, chili con came, pork and beans, and tomato catsup. The company is an Industrial Democracy. It is pointing the way to permanent prosperity. If you want to see how it works, ask for our pamphlet, “A Business Without a Boss,” when you next purchase a can of these foods. Ask for COLUMBIA BRAND, At any REGAL STORE.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without rerard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

.DEC. 21, 1931

SCIENCE _ BY DAVID DIETZ _

‘Creation by Evolutionße- ‘ cently Reprinted, Embodies Vietcs of Twenty-Four of the World's Most Eminent Savants. .. THE subject of evolution is no longer on the front pages of newspapers, as it was a few years ago during the famous “monkey trial.” It remains, howeter, one of the chief topics of research in the world of science and one can not hope to understand modem scientific theories without some knowledge of the latest theories of the processes of evolution. By way of a Christmas bargain, the Macmillan Company has reprinted an excellent volume, originally issued three years ago, titled “Creation by Evolution.” The book then was priced at $5. It now can be obtained for $2.50. Twenty-four eminent scientists wrote the body of “Creation of Evolution.” each savant contributing a chapter upon the subject which he is an authority. Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn, the distinguished president of the American Museum of Natural History, an authority upon the evo-#| lution of mammals and upon the history of early man, wrote the foreword to the book. The introduction is by Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, former president of the Royal Society. u n tt Volume Highly Praised WHEN “Creation by Evolution"* first was published, many re-' viewers spoke of it in glowing terms. Thus, for example. Nature, the leading scientific publication of Great Britain, said; “The editor of this book has been fortunate in obtaining as witnesses to the reality of evolution some of the best-known biologist9| in Great Britain and the Unites States, and the twenty-four essaysS wiheh cover an extraordinary widel and interesting field, are marked by a simplicity of statements which appeal to the plain man.” The Scientific American said or it: “This remarkable book easily i. the most distinguished -work of its kind ever assembled.” The book was edited by France* ! Mason, who deserves considerable f credit for assembling the work of many different contributors into a unified account. Asa frontispiece to the book, Mason prints the picture of an ancient, tree with the caption, “The Tree of Life.” He writes under it: “Evolution does not move in a straight course, symbolized by tha links in a chain; the tree is a symj bolos nature’s plan of creation. “The trunk represents the main | course of life through the ages; | the branches are the great groups ; of plants and animals that have j appeared during the growth of the tree; the plants and animals now living are the green twigs at the tips of the branches. “In the evolution of forms there , are no offshoots leading from one J branch to another: the branches j start from below' and diverge as | they grow', each branch maintaining | its own course. “Thus life in its evolution manj ifests itself in a related, yet divergent, series of forms, constituting the widespreading tree of life.” tt tt tt Evolution Defined THE opening chapter in the boos is by the late David Starr Jordan, who w r as chancellor emeritus of Leland Stanford. He wrote upon “Evolution—lts Meaning.” “By evolution, as the word is now used,” he wrote, “we mean the universal process of orderly change. It includes cosmic changes in sunsj and planets and organic changes in living creatures, called organisms because they are made up of co-op-erating parts, or organs, which by ! fitting into one another constitute 1 organization. | “And from the fact that all these | changes whether instantaneous | daily, yearly or consuming centu- ; ries of eons, in the individual or |in generations of individuals —are orderly, never random nor acciden- | tal. we derive our definition of evolution. “Moreover, as this process occurs throughout all that we know, evolution becomes another name for nature. Evolution, indeed, is nature’s way; thus all nature study, if serious and thorough, must lpad to the recognition of evolution. That nature has her ways is the most visibly evident fact in all our experience, and such phrases as ‘blind force’ have no real meaning.” Among the contributors to the book are Professor J. Arthur Thomson of Aberdeen university. Professor Edwin Grant Conklin of Princeton university and Professor‘s G. Elliot Smith Wheeler of Harvard university. Professor Richard Swann Lull of Yale university, and Professor G. Elliot Smith of the University of London. The book is a veritable storehouse of authentic information for all those who are interested in modern theories of evolution. What is the origin of the phrase “Under the rose,” meaning secrecy? According to Greek mythology, Cupid bribed Harpocrates with a rose not to betray the amours of Venus, and thus the flower became an emblem of silence or secrecy.