Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 190, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 December 1931 — Page 10

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SCPIPPJ-HO^AMlt

Clever and Courteous Be tt said to the credit of the representatives of Harley Clarke, owner of the local electric light plant, that they were clever and courteous at the first conference on the question of stopping the egg-sucking habits of his holding company. Instead of the arrogance exhibited by the Geist water monopoly and threats to raise rates, the light company showed some surprise at the exposure of their illicit practices under which exorbitant rates are collected for light and power. Mayor Sullivan pointed relentlessly to some of the facts exposed by The Times in its demand for justice. He called attention particularly to the coal contract under which the light company buys through the holding company, which owns the stock of both the coal company and the light plant. The explanation that the higher price paid for coal is caused by the necessity of having a constant and safe supply dees not convince. The state lias been paying a salesman for Indiana coal to encourage the use of state-mined products. The supply is far above any demand upon it. There are thousands ot miners out of work. The brutal fact stands out that last year and every year under the Clarke merger the people have paid more than 50 cents a ton as tribute to the electric monoply. That amounted, as Mayor Sullivan charges, to about $300,000 a year in excessive profits, or about half the sum that is being charged to the city for its street lights. The Insull grip upon the city was explained as an old contract between the merged companies, and revealed the fact that each year the city is paying tribute to Incull of about $375,000 in excessive prices for current that is no longer needed. In little tricks of this sort, the city has demonstrated to the guileless agents of Clarke that there is a gouge of about a million dollars a year. That would reduce rates 10 per cent. Perhaps as the conferences proceed, it will be demonstrated that the peculiar mathematics and business practices of holding companies is costing another million or so. The clever and courteous Clarke gentlemen, who must be commended for their diplomatic attitude, may volunteer a reduction of 20 per cent and start off on a basis that permits them fair returns and will give the citizens a break. But will their wisdom-extend to the point of being fair as well as courteous?

No More Secret Diplomacy The administration’s failure to stand by the fAmerican) Kellogg and nine-power treaties in the Manchurian crisis has led the senate unanimously to \sk State Secretary Stimson for all of the notes and apera connected with his Manchurian negotiations. The administration’s failure was predicted in advance. When Japan started its aggression on Sept. 18, the administration had the choice of trying to stop her with an open charge of treaty violation or of playing along with the Japanese government in the hope that It would do better in the future. The administration chose the latter disastrous eourse. The Japanese army continued to advance. The Tokio government—which the state department relied upon to stop the advance—continued to make pledges which were broken, and now belatedly has resigned. The militaristic party is now the government, leaving the Washington administration out on the limb. The administration, being human, can be forgiven this costly mistake in judgment. It can be forgiven, even though most of the experts now admit frankly that the state department, by taking a firm and open treaty position in the beginning, could have stopped the Japanese, who need American trade and friendship. But there Is one administration mistake which is not so easy to forgive. That is its autocratic secret diplomacy. Not so long ago the American people went to war with the slogan: “Open diplomacy—open covenants, openly arrived at.’’ That slogan was no mere sentimental gesture, no mere idealistic aspiration. It was born of the sound historical knowledge and hard fact of international experience that secret diplomacy leads to inefficiency, corruption and war. It was born of the deep American conviction that in a democracy the people have a right to know the full facts and policies on which their public servants determine issues of war and peace. Now, after three months of the w T orst international crisis since the World war, the free American people axe as ignorant of what their government has done or has not done as though they were subjects of the Japanese emperor or the dictator Mussolini. That is as dangerous as it is unjust, and un-Ameri-ean. We arc glad, therefore, that the senate has asked Secretary Stimson for full data. Since Stimson has failed in his duty to lay that data before the American public, we believe responsibility for publication now passes to the senate. The American people have a right to know whether it is true —as stated by the Tokio foreign office—that our government, in these three months, never has charged Japan with treaty violation. If that is true, the American people have a right to an explanation for this strange desertion ofrthe American peace machinery. The American people have a right to know why President Hoover and Secretary Stimson, after making a public pledge to support the league’s efforts to save American treaties, withheld support of the league’s time ultimatum to Japan—with the result that Japan successfully defied the league. The administration has the human right to make mistakes. But it has no right to make those mistakes in the dark, unchecked by American citizens who pay for wars and other results of secret diplomacy. All the secret facts and policies regarding Manchuria should be published immediately. The Hobo Express One of the strangest manifestations of man’s inhumanity to man that have appeared during this time of stress is Florida's “hobo-express.” From time to time Miami rounds up unemployed persons without means of support, herds them into trucks, and ruhs them across the county line. Asa rule, more trucks are waiting there, and the unemployed are shipped on and dumped into another county. And so the “hobo express” travels northward, until it reaches some county unwilling to carryon. Here the involuntary wanderers are abandoned to their fate. It is probably true that Florida’s mild winter clfmate makes her the mecca for men who lack shelter and clothing, and burdens her with a disproportionate share of the nation’s needy. But neither this fact nor any other would justify treating human I •

The Indianapolis Times (A SCHIPFS-MOW IHII NEWSPAPER) Owned anu published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 2 ‘* — 0 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, fnd. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. Mai) snbscrlp- __ tioti ratea In Indiana. $3 a rear: outside of Indiana. <55 cents a month. BOYD OIRLEY. ROY W EIOWAIUX EARL D. BAkITr Editor President Business Manager PHONE- Xlley W~l FRIDAY, DEC, It, 19317~ Member of Lotted Press. Hcripna-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper InrormaMon Service aDd Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

beings more cruelly than even animals would be treated. Instead, it constitutes an impelling piece of testimony as to the need for federal aid for relief of suffering. If states or communities most burdened with refugees could call on the central government for help in caring ior them, an unjust burden would not be imposed anywhere. Nor would Americans who can not get jobs and who must be fed somewhere, by someone, be driven to the level of beasts. Mussolini’s Opportunity Much of Mussolini’s political philosophy does not charm one, though it hardly is fitting for an American to criticise the Fascist leader on this point. If there had been no more leadership and vigor in Rome than has been in evidence in Washington the last decade, it is likely that Italy would have reverted once more to a “geographical expression.’’ We should be as willing to praise II Duce’s admirable suggestions as to criticise those of his policies which we regard rs reactionary and undesirable. It is hard to escape the conviction that his recent pronouncements on European world politics have been more statesmanlike than the utterances of any other eminent entente leader in late years. He clearly has envisaged and fearlessly stated the fact that peace and justice in Europe are inseparably linked up with revision of the treaty of Versailles and other post-war treaties. But for one major folly in his foreign policy, Mussolini might realize his dream and place himself at the head of the European forces making for permanent peace in the future. If he were to modify his attitude on this point he certainly could gain the active support of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Scandinavia, and perhaps also of Russia. England and Spain. All that stands in the way is a few thousand square miles of relatively desolate mountain territory inhabited by some 250,000 Austrians. We refer to the South Tyrol. This territory was given to Italy by the treaty of St. Germain. Italy wanted it in order to “rectify” her strategic frontiers, for this would give her the famous Brenner pass over the Alps. A reign of terror has been established in the effort to denationalize these Austrians and to make Italians of them. All the old German place names have been Italianized. The German language is forbidden in the schools. The history taug:ht is lurid Italian hero tales. Even the Christmas tree—a Teutonic rite—is taboo. If there are any Christmas trees, they must be secreted in the cellar. By controlling the farm banks, the Italians are attempting to starve the Tyrolese into submission. Now the Tyroi is of little value to Italy. The good will which would be created thereby would be more valuable than the Brenner pass. If Mussolini would hold in check the superpatriotism of Fascism in the South Tyrol, he might place himself at the head of a great European bloc, increasing at one and the same time his own prestige and the prospects of European peace. This is worth more than taking Christmas trees away from Tyrolese babies. Before Christmas Eefore congress adjourns for Christmas it should give emergency relief to suffering farmers and to the unemployed of the cities. This can be done by passing at once the Capper resolution empowering the federal farm board to give 20,000,000. bushels of wheat to states, cities and organizations willing to feed the hungry. This would help the farmers by disposing of onetenth of the farm board's wheat surplus which now is depressing the market. It would help the unemployed who will not starve if given bread, or even boiled wheat. While the larger problem of general relief is tied up in long debate, there is no reason why this simple emergency measure should be delayed. The farm board officials favor it. There is no open opposition. The senators and congressmen to adjourn and make merry over the holidays without first giving this minimum of relief to hungry fellow-citizens would be inexcusable. Scientists have found cosmic rays in the Alps as strong as those of Chicago. Who could have thought they could rays that high? Since increased taxes are necessary, congress may sock the higher incomes. A sock by any other name would be unholy. Market report: Sole leather markets are quiet. Probably aren’t well heeled.

Just Every Day Sense BY AIRS. WALTER FERGUSON

“npHE only entirely economically independent JL women in the world today are the American Negroes,” says Dr. Eleanor Wembridge, referee for girls in the Cleveland juvenile court. At first glance this may seem a startling statement, but those who have had lifelong contact with the Negro woman in her natural surroundings realize its truth. Because she is economically independent, she is, as Dr. Wembridge says, the kindest parent in the mammy surrounded by her flock, in all stages of land. Any one who ever has known a good old Negro growth, knows what is meant by this remark, too. The heart of the Negro woman is as large and all-in-clusive as the sky. She has no social background, no traditions of caste or memories of wealth. She always has worked for a wage in the houses of other women, and often supported a lazy husband besides. But in her cabin there ever is room for one more baby and it makes no difference whether that baby is of legitimate birth or not. Her humanitarianism does not hinge upon morality. nun THE Negro woman is, in truth, a strange figure in the world of the feminine. Unlike her white sister, she has no false notions of chivalry to divert her attention from truth. In a nation where the utmost in achievement by her sex was measured ir, terms of parasitism, she alone has upheld the supreme dignity of labor. She is not excited about the new freedom, because where the privilege of work is concerned she always has been free. Her job never has been an issue. And when it comes to motherhood versus outside-the-home activity, such a controversy never could move one who always has practiced both. She lives in her native background, amid the traditions of her ancestors and untouched by innovations that have transformed her to something less fine in certain eastern centers, the Negro woman is by far the most imposing and admirable figure in American life today. And she stands everywhere head and shoulders above her mate.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracv SAYS:

\ 7 eic York Has Seen Endless Procession of City Employes Parade to Witness Stand and Explain, or Try to at Least, How They Got Their Big Bank Accounts. NEW YORK, Dec. 18.—New York employes certainly are fortunate compared to those of some other cities. They not only get paid right; on the dot, but are surrounded by such a crowd of admiring relatives, friends, or chance acquaintances as puts financial embarrassment out of the question. Let one of them need money, no matter how much, or for what purpose, and seme rich member of the I family is sure to die, or some neigh- j bor pop up with just the right amount. Quite frequently it appears to be j thrust on them when they don’t j need it at all. At any rate, that is! the impression one gets from testi- j mony brought out before the Hofs- j tadter committee. it tt a He Becomes Vague THE latest evidence of New York’s unfailing generosity was offered by James J. McCormick, first deputy city clerk, whose job is to sign bonds and perform wedding ceremonies. Mr. McCormick gets an annual salary of $8,500, but has banked $384,000 since 1924. He explains this seeming impossibility by stating that he is tipped by appreciative bridegrooms to the extent of about $16,000 each year. When counsel for the Hofstadter committee called his attention to 1 the fact that the salary and tips left something more han $150,000 to be accounted for, Mr. McCormick be- ! came rather vague. tt a A Sharp Contrast THIS is not an exceptional case. During the last six months there has been an endless procession i of clerks, deputy clerks, inspectors, cops and other city employes j mounting the witness stand and explaining that dead relatives, or the generosity of friends, enabled them to lay away three or four times the amount of their salaries, j What a sharp contrast to the I situation in Philadelphia, where \ 26,000 city employes must do with- j out cash for Christmas, because | there isn’t any in the strong box ! and because local bankers and merchants refuse to take the scrip with which they have been paid. What an even sharper contrast ' to the situation in Chicago, where 1 14,000 school teachers and 4,000 \ ether school employes have been trying to hock scrip since last May. tt tt a It’s a Mystery CJ PEAKING of the “capacity to pay,” which seems to have been' accepted as the yardstick of duty in meeting public obligations, why not a conference to determine the true economic condition of certain cities and, maybe, provide a Young, or Dawes plan for their relief. Regardless of whether such a conference could accomplish anything by way of relief, it might explain just why a city like Chicago can’t dig up $16,000,000 in case emergency, or a city like Philadelphia has to sell its bonds “over the counter.” v Such things represent s:mething j of a mystery considering the amount of foreign bonds which have been sold in this country during the last few years. a tt tt Won’t Trust Own City? IN this connection, it might be worthwhile to find out just how . many foreign bonds Philadelphians have bought, while their city goes begging and its employes go unpaid. Also, it might be worth while to find out just how credulous Chicagoans have been with regard to ; credit abroad, while refusing to trust ! their own town. tt tt tt Comes as Shock IT is not necessary to quarrel with the idea of helping Europe to : realize that we could and should have done more to help ourselves. The fact that school teachers, janitors, firemen, cops and streetsweepers must go unpaid in this country for lack of public credit, while Americans have bought $17,000,000,000 worth of foreign securities, is shocking. Neither can it be laid to international .bankers. No matter how rosy a picture international bankers may have painted of foreign conditions, j home investors knew local condi- j tions, and the fact that they neglected to help speaks for itself.

M TODAY 43 - > / t ' IS THE- VV y WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

LONDON RAIDED December 18 ON Dec. 18, 1917, London was raided by German airplanes operating from bases in Belgium. Ten persons were killed and seventy injured by bombs from the German planes. One airplane was brought down by British anti-aircraft guns and another was believed to have fallen into the sea. A Union government was elected in Canada and voters confirmed Canadian conscription laws. In Asia Minor British troops seized the heights above Abu Dis, driving back Turkish troops.

Questions and Answers

What part of the world’s production ir diamonds are sold or used in the United States? The United States consumes about 80 per cent. How many men and women are there enrolled in colleges and universities in the United States? There are 563.244 men and 356,137 women. What proportion of the total population of the United States attend school? About 21 per cent.

Couldn't Expect 'em to Believe in Him Forever!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Hookworm Is Decreasing Each Year

BY BR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyjreia, the Health Magazine. TWO decades or more have passed since the attention of our people was turned prominently to the existence of hookworm disease in the southern portion of the United States. At that time every one knew that the presence of hookworm in the bowel would make a man lazy, and that backwardness among some children in the south probably was due to infestation with this organism. The application of public health measures by public health officials in the southern states, with aid of the Rockefeller Foundation, „ has served largely to bring this condition under control. When the eggs of the hookworm are spread from the human being

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H broun D

THAT makes it perfect,” says the hero of “1931” as he swings into the last tragic episode of the new play at the Mansfield theater in New York. “That’s 100 per cent,” he adds, and goes out to join the rioters who are shot down by machine guns. And it is this precision in rounding out the theme which makes "1931” less than a truly fine play. As it stands it is provocative, exciting and quite possibly unpopular. There is much of the quality which makes for craftsmanship in the work of Paul Sifton and Claire Sifton. But I hope that before these young authors go much further they will take on the point of view that tragedy is more bitter and poignant if it stops a little short of the ultimate. That may be merely my own whim. Job, for instance, is accepted as belonging to the authentically affficted. And yet, for me, the boils constitute one touch too many. tt tt tt 100 Per Cent Tragedy AND so it is with “1931.” The Siftons add just one horror more than is artistically necessary. They have undertaken to give a pageant representing the life of an unemployed worker.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times —To “The Won-

d.erer”: You surely got me wondering, when reading your article in The Times tonight. I am referring to the last paragraphs. It surprises me greatly that you find Indianapolis such a filthy city, as compared to New York. I judge that you are a New Yorker, like myself. Yet, strangely enough, we do not seem to have the same opinion of this town. A few years ago, I returned to New York, after living in Europe several years. I brought a husband along, and I felt so proud that at last I could show “hubby” the sights in New York. I must smile now, when I think of those days. My husband had enough of sights printed on his mind to last a lifetime. I never shall forget how shamefully I felt when we were “sight-seeing.” The air surely did not stimulate us any then, and never later, either. There may be many magnificent buildings, etc., in New York, but .they seemed to dwindle in the fog |of filth that loitered everywhere, j Newspapers, scraps of food, banana | peels, peanuts, strewn everywhere. Street cars, in which it was a disgust to ride in. Every vacant lot occupied with all sorts of “junk,” automobiles, garbage, etc. Out on the streets, garbage cans stand overflowing, foul odors, day and night. Don’t you remember? I don’t seem to forget it. Especially during the summer time, it was so sickening. Then the “storekeepers,” who serenely sweep their dirt and rotten food out on the street, where the “mighty blasts of October seize them and whirl j them aloft, and scatter them far over the city.” I agree with the American who said to Heywood Broun that of all cities that he had lived in New York was the dirtiest. Our one desire was r/> ‘ fly” out of New York as soon as possible. The opportunity arrived, and we

'into the soil, they develop in from ; five to eight days. The larvae then i get into the human being through | the unbroken skin of the feet, pari ticularly in regions where children and others walk barefoot. It has been established that the larvae may exist in soil under proper conditions for several weeks. The eggs can be found In excretions of the human being from four to six weeks after the larvae first ihave penetrated the skin. The presence of infestation with hookworm is determined by exam- | ination of the excretions, using sev- | eral different technics that have ! been developed by scientific students of the subject. The careful records now being made by public health investigators | indicate that hookworm is becoming much less prevalent each year. The most heavily infested sections

We see him at the beginning filled with pride in his own strength and efficiency. A quarrel arises with the foreman, and the hero, Adam, lightly tosses aside his job, confident that he can step Immediately into another. From that point on we find him standing in some long line outside 1 a warehouse door. In the beginning | there is a call for four men; then it drops to three, to two, to one. Finally we see the inevitable “No Help Wanted.” These short scenes might well be telescoped. It would not be a mistake if the authors missed one number or more in checking down to zero. They should realize that even a Broadway audience can count up to four. But much of the criticism of the play seems to me wholly beside the point. It has been said repeatedly ! in effect: “This is all very well. It is interesting and gripping. But the i authors offer no solution for the | problem of unemployment.” Now, that is asking a great deal jof a playwright and asking him | something which does not necessarily fall into his field at all. “Hamlet” has persisted for a great many years, in spite of the fact that Shakespeare never interrupted the action to say, “All this young man needs is a few sessions with a psy-

moved to Indianapolis. We have lived here three years, and yet I wonder how it is possible for the city to have such a clear-swept appearance all the time. It gets me. I agree with you that there is plenty of soot, but that is not the same- as dirt. By the way, what part of town are you located in? I really would like to help one of my own fellow New Yorkers. Move out north, above Fortieth street, then you will inhale the sweet, fresh air to your heart’s content. Referring to the smoke and soot, I do not believe that it can beat Long Island City and Hoboken. EVANGELINE. Editor Times—l want to call your attention to men confined in the Marion county jail waiting for criminal court action. There are men in there who have been bound over by the grand jury, but the judge has not set a date. I could give you names of these men, but I do not expect you will do anything about this. Your honorable Judge Baker said some time ago that his court would handle these cases without filling the jail and give the men a chance to be proved innocent or guilty. Why can’t these men be called? Some of them have been in there more than two months. It is nearly three months since the grand jury has reported. They haven’t even been called to set the date for their cases to come up. No wonder we are paying high taxes when the courts do not do their end of it. ONE WHO KNOWS. What is the difference between live weight and dead weight? Live weight is no lighter than dead weight, but may accommodate itself more to the comfort of the carrier, thus making it easier to carry. Name the larger railroad centers in the United States? Chicago has 34 roads; New York, 15; Cleveland, 12; Los Angeles, 5. and Philadelphia, 3.

of the country continue to be the southern states, and there are some counties in which 75 per cent or more of school children are infested. The Negro is troubled with the condition much less than is the white population. Furthermore, the disease does not exist in areas with clay soil, but is limited to those with sandy soil. Any person who has the disease is a carrier and must be handled as such. Investigations made in hundreds of thousands of cases have shown proper disposal of the excretions of those who are infested and treatment of every one found to have the disease with any one of several well-established remedies is effective. It would be exceedingly helpful in clearing up the condition if every one in an infested area would wear good shoes.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without recard to their acreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naner.—The Editor

choanalyst, or possibly regular exercise and a change of diet.” n tt tt Denmark Really That Way IT was Hamlet's notion that he found himself in a predicament from which there was no satisfactory means of escape except to die. And seemingly Shakespeare agreed with him. That is why “Hamlet” stands as a sweeping tragedy. Mere accident may carry in its train profound sorrow. But for the most part these mishaps lack true tragic significance. The individual is swept by some passing eddy and not carried down to his doom by an irresistible tide. Surely it is enough for the Siftons to say, “Here is what happened to one unemployed person.” There is, to be sure, a certain propaganda value in the piece. By design, it is intended to shock, to frighten and to arouse the- audience. But, after all, the question of what is to be done with unemployment very properly belongs to us. Any brief scene or bit of exposition would weaken the story. To say “Here is the way out” would lead only to something glib and insufficient. tt tt tt The Most Vital Step IDO not like the play in its entirety. I found the second act quite tiresome. But at the end it roused me and the entire audience of which I was a member. It has more excitement in it than any other play in New York, and it manages to provoke an excitement which is extremely necessary for us all. Within two years public consciousness has been stirred a little. That is not nearly enough. We have been graduated from the state in which we said “There is no unemployment for willing workers” to a level where we admit the existence of joblessness. We have gone even a bit further. It is popular now to agree that lack of work is most unfortunate. But another step lies ahead of us. We won’t really do anything about it until we know that it is something more than unfortunate. The word I have in mind is "intolerable.” (Copyright. 1931. by The Times!

Home-Made Yule Candy When you know how easy it is to make candies at home, and when you have the simple directions and carefully compiled recipes for making all sorts of candies that are contained In our Washington Bureau’s bulletins on the subject, there will be no reason why they won’t be plenty of Christmas candy in your home this Christmas. The three bulletins containing this information are: 1. Fondants, Fudges and Bonbons. 2. Candied Fruits and Nuts. 3. Hard Candies, Nut Brittles and Taffies. A packet containing these three bulletins can be had from our Washington Bureau by filling out the coupon below and mailing as directed: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-16, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of three CANDY MAKING Bulletins, and enclose herewith 10 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled. United States postage stamped to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

_DEC. 18, 1031

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Modern Science Adds Luster to the Discoveries of James Clark Maxwell, Whose Theory Puzzled the World in 1873. EVERYONE knows of Sir Isaac Newton and of Professor Albert Einstein. But the name of James Clark Maxwell, who was the connecting link between Newton and Einstein, is less well known. This is an appropriate time to recall the name of Maxwell, for it is just 100 years since his birth. He was born in 1831 and died in 1879. One way of explaining what Einstein has done would be to say that he applied Maxwell's equations to Newton's law of gravity. The Maxwell equations are the mathematical statement of what is known to the world as the electromagnetic theory of light. It was in 1873 that Maxwell published his theory. It is interesting to note that Maxwell’s theory received the same sort of reception which was given Newton’s law of gravity and Einstein’s theory of relativity. Readers will recall how, in 1919, every one was talking about relativity, wondering what it meant, calling it a mathematical puzzle, and contending that only twelve men in the world understood it. That was just the reception that Newton got in his day, and Maxwell in his. tt tt tt 'Radio Waves' Now MAXWELL'S theory seemed so mysterious in 1873 because no one then knew what an electromagnetic wave was. But within a few years Professor Heinrich Hertz ucceeded in generating and detecting certain types of electro-mag- ' -lie waves which subsequently were .ertzian waves. We still use Hertzian waves to"'y. But we are more familiar with mm under the name of radio mves. Recently a celebration in honor i Maxwell was ie!d at the Cavenish laboratory at Cambridge university, England. This laboratory, one of the most famous in the world, was established in 1874 with Maxwell as its first director. Speakers at the celebration included a group of the world's most famous scientists. They were Professor Albert Einstein: Professor Max Planck, originator of the quantum theory; Sir J. J. Thompson, one of the originators of the electron theory; Sir Ambrose Fleming and Sir Oliver Lodge, pioneer investigators of radio phenomena; Sir James Jeans, Sir Joseph Lamor, William Garnett, Sir R. T. Glazebreok and Sir Horace Lamb. The MacMillan Company just has uerfenred a service by making he?? excellent essays available to the American public in the form of an attractive book of 146 pages. (The book is priced at $2.50.) The essays are nontechnical in style and easy to read. a u 'Dull Boy’ Immortal SIR J. J. THOMSON, himself at one time the director of the Cavendish laboratory and the teacher of Lord Rutherford, who now heads it, tells about Maxwell’s life. Maxwell was born on June 13, 1831. Asa boy he was interested in writing poetry and making mechanical models. His schoolmates, who appreciated neither line of endeavor, gave him the nickname of “Daffy.” At first he was regarded as a rather dull boy, but later he surprised his classmates by winning prizes and high honors for scholarship. Einstein pays high tribute to Maxwell. He writes, “Before Maxwell, physical realty was thought of as consisting of material particles. Since Maxwell’s time, physical reality has been thought of as representing continuous fields. “This charge in the conception of reality is the most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton.” Maxwell’s position in the world of science will grow greater with the passage of time. This is because the developments of the relativity theory and of wave mechanics attach greater and greater importance to his equations. It is of interest to note, as some of the essays point out, that certain sentences from Maxwell’s writings sound almost like predictions of the theory of wave mechanics, the theory which makes the atoms of matter as well as energy, consist of waves.

Daily Thought

I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame.—Job 29:15. What we freely give, forever is our own.—Granville. Who was the donor of the Pulitzer prizes for journalism? The late Joseph Pulitzer, a noted journalist, who founded and endowed the school of journalism at Columbia university in New York. By the terms of his will be provided for certain prizes for high achievement in that particular field.