Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 183, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 December 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

* B S C * I p P J - H OW AM t;

More Taxes and Why The President’s budget message reveals without equivocation the serious financial plight of the federal government and the sacrifices taxpayers will have to make to meet it. Our present difficulties would not be so great had the present administration and its predecessor been willing to face the truth. Instead of continuing to coast along we at last are going to do something about the situation. The question is whether the proposals of President Hoover and Secretary Mellon are adequate. The government now is spending about twice as much as it is collecting. The deficit last year was $902,000,000. This year it is estimated at $2,417,000,000; and next year at $1,417,000,000. This is a ..Jtal deficit of $4,440,000,000. The administration promises to cut expenditures and raise taxes. The estimated savings in actual expenditures next year is $365,000,000. But half of this fiscal year remains and the estimates for next year must go through the hands of congress. There will be necessary deficiency bills and special appropriations. There is no drastic pruning of bureaucratic expenses. There is no provision for federal unemployment relief. Only $377,000,000 is asked for public works next year while it is etsimated $410,583,000 will be spent this year and $436,837,000 actually was spent the year before. Congress undoubtedly will have something to say about this proposed curtailment of job-giving work. Naval building this year will be the greatest in any year for the last ten. Although appropriations ostensibly will be less, expenditures will amount to $57,000,000. Appropriations asked for national defense total $644,000,000, an ostensible reduction of $51,000,000, but an increase when allowance is made for the usual deficiency appropriations and the lower prices of commodities. The federal trade commission suffered most in the general pruning, losing half a million from its current appropriation of $1,761,000. Progressives and others will want to know whether or not this is an attempt to throttle the commission’s electric power inquiry. The President proposes to spend less for activities connected with labor, while more should be spent at this time as a measure of relief. All scientific and general research activities likewise have been cut far more than the rest. Congress should and doubtless will make readjustments in these and other items. The tax program is severe and affects persons with small incomes as well as the very rich. There is no expectation that the budget can be balanced this year or next, but Hoover and Mellon believe that with business improvement next year we should be on an even basis the year following. Business may not revive sufficiently to yield the expected additional tax revenues. In that event, congress should not accept Hoover's two-year limit on the tax increase. The tax system we have been using permitted an excessive concentration of wealth which was a basic cause of the economic collapse. The new tax system, shifting more ot the burden from the poor to the rich, should be retained until it checks this dangerous overconcentration of wealth and until it pays off the large emergency appropriations for unemployment and businessrelief. Tire 1924 tax law serves as a basis for the Hoover - Mellon proposals. This law Was a modification of wartime laws and was quite different in conception from our present statute. The number of taxpayers nearly will be doubled. Every single man with an income of more than SI,OOO, and every married man with an income of more than $2,500, will pay his share, the amounts increasing progressively as income increases. The present surtax maximum rate of 20 per cent will be increased to 40. Certain special taxes, annoying and burdensome, but necessary, will be imposed. In proposing revival of the tax on estates Mellon departs from his 1924 model and goes to the law of 1921. The 1924 rates imposed a tax of 40 per cent on estates of over $10,000,000. The 1921 rates were 25 per cent on such estates. This tax is one of the most effective means of preventing the accumulation of excessive fortunes and should be raised to the 1924 level. Likewise Mellon should be asked to explain why he would not revive the so-called gift tax designed to prevent evasion of the estate tax through distribution of great fortunes before the death of the owner. The government will find the people willing to pay higher taxes if the fruits of their sacrifice are wisely used to meet national distress and economic rehabilitation.

The I. C. C. Retreats The interstate commerce commission wont up the hill, but a majority was frightened down again. This is not cnly our conclusion from the commission’s latest decision in the controversy over pooling of funds railroads will derive from rate increases. It is the opinion of four dissenting members of the I. C. C., including Joe Eastman, whose knowledge of railroad affairs is unsurpassed. When the I. C. C. recently denied the railroads’ plea for a 15 per cent general freight rate increase it was praised widely. It then specified certain increases on specified commodities, and suggested that the proceeds be pooled for the benefit of the weaker lines. The railroads made a counter proposal that the fund be administered by a Delaware corporation, outside I. C. C. jurisdiction, and the money be loaned to poorer roads. Now a majority of the commission has decided neither to approve nor disapprove the railroads’ plan but to permit the rate increases, estimated at $125,000,000. The I. C. C. is the victim of dangerous propaganda now, and the majority decision probably will be welcomed by those who would detract from this body, which is outstanding in honesty and ability among government regulatory agencies. ‘‘lf our plan had been accepted,” Eastman wrote, and Commissioners McManamy, Porter and Mahaffie concurred, *'in the spirit in which it. was suggested and put promptly into effect, certain recent and unfortunate developments in the railroad financial situation might have been averted.” Married Teachers When a California school board tried to discharge Esther Larimer Anderson because she married last July, Mrs. Anderson notified the school board that she intended to keep right on teaching and pointed to certain statutes of the state of California. The board read the statutes and a court decision on the subject and the state school code. The latter state*, among other things, that the only causes for which a permanent teacher may be dismissed are unmoral or unprofessional conduct, incompetence, evl-

The Indianapolis Times (A BCKIPI*B-MOWAKI> NKWSFAFEK) owned and published dally (except Sunday! by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 8 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mall tlon rates In Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana, sis cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley ftWl THURSDAY, DEC. 10. 1931. Member of United Press, Bcrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Asso elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

dent unfitness for service, and persistent violation of the school laws of California. So the board decided that probably Mrs. Anderson was right. She is back in charge of her schoolroom now. And so far as the state of California, at least, is concerned, the unfair controversy over whether married women shall work probably is at an end. Perhaps it will bob up less frequently elsewhere as school boards and other employers gradually learn that one billion dollars’ worth of retail trade is traceable to expenditures of married working women. Buying Elections As an aftermath of the Beauliamois scandal, Canada may decide to have future political campaigns financed by the government. A proposal to supply each party with funds from the Dominion treasury will be considered during the coming winter. Meanwhile, the United States is approaching a oolitical campaign and parties already are worrying about where the money is coming from. A year from now investigation as to where funds did come from wili be in order, and new corrupt practices laws will oe proposed and discussed for awhile and then forgotten until there is another election. If this procedure could be reversed, a great deal of trouble might be avoided. Instead of letting some business or group of businesses finance the next campaign and afterward demand payment for value received from the successful administration, it would oe sensible to consider legislation like that proposed in Canada, during the coming session of congress. Past campaigns have supplied sufficient grounds ior taking such action. There is no reason why another should be added to the record. Whatever amounts were paid out of the federal treasury to insure the independence of candidates would be money well spent. In Ihc Fields of Snowy White Dixie’s millions of cotton-pickers may not have to tote the weary load” much longer. Their release, nowever, will cause no hallelujahs from the fields of snowy white. For their jobs are to be taken by a great iron machine, a mechanical cotton harvester, near-peri'ection of which is announced by the United States department of labor. The cotton harvester is being sent to several sections for final tests. By its use one man can strip 4.4 acres of cotton in a twelve-hour day, an equivalent to what two pickers now gather in eight to fifteen days. For every 100 men, women, and children who now make their living at cotton picking, 83.3 must find jobs elsewhere when the machine is introduced. xTiis new Frankenstein, like other labor-displacing machines that have revolutionized modern industry, will be both a curse and blessing. Millions will be thrown out of jobs. The colored migration to the north, now 5,000,000 strong, will increase. City workers will feel anew pressure from the black and white workers reared with low wages and frugal habits. On the other hand, the eleven cotton states may be able better to compete with China, Russia, Egypt and India, just as our larger w'heat men have been able t~ compete through mass production. The new machine may revolutionize the south more thoroughly than did the cotton gin. The hand pickers will become fellow-victims of the 3,500,000 now permanently and technologically jobless. And the cotton harvester wiil make industrial mstory, like the thresher, dial phone, ditch-digger, sound film, mechanical glass-blower, and the others. Since it is neither possible nor wise, as some have suggested, to halt inventions, there is more need than ever for the shorter working week and day to spread employment among larger’ numbers of workers. Mechanical progress need not be a curse to labor It should be made a blessing.

Vachel Lindsay Vachel Lindsay of Illinois enters into heaven and his booming voice by now will be playing “Havoc With the Angel Choir.” And thereby passes America’s most American, if not greatest, poet. Lindsay, with his flaming red hair and eager face, will be mourned at many a fireside, for he was familiar to every corner of the land. As one of the new world's two minstrels he journeyed about seeking to restore “the primitive singing of poetry,” trading rhymes for bread. Perhaps more than the other, Carl Sandberg, Lindsay seemed to sense the soul of his America. His songs were not only of the cities and slums, but also of the prairies, Negro settlements, the back country. Vachel Lindsay loved America deeply. And America loved him. Think of the swell break the fellows got who have been sent to prison during the depression. Only five days of the recent summer yielded twelve hours of sunshine. But every day supplies 24 hours of moonshine.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS WALTER FERGUSON

IS it not time to issue anew emancipation proclamation for men? Women have equality at the polls; men should have it in the drawing room. Yet, watch, if you can endure the sight, one male guest stranded in a room which women are entering or leaving. .He behaves exactly like a jack in the box. He will have no time for reverie or conversation. For when a woman appear in the door he must leap to his feet ana remain standing until she graciously decides to sit. No sooner is he down than someone decides to leave, when he must repeat the entire performance. I counted the other day and found that one man rose and set fifteen times during a thirty-minute isolation among the ladies. Did his hear beat with admiration and love for the feminine? Did his chivalric emotions fill his soul? Probably not. a a a IT is likely that he had palpitations, however, from this excess exercise. And it was an inspiration to see the smile he managed to muster at every fresh knee stretching. It must hav been a great relief when he found himself free again and in some place where the social amenities were not practiced so rigidly. Just why we go on expecting these monkey-like antics from men, and why they go on doing them for us, is something of a puzzle. The whole thing is the most ridiculous nonsense. It was foolish enough when men and women did not work and play together, but now that there is almost complete comradeship between the sexes, it is an absurd and cruel custom. I long to meet a man some day who will be brave enough to defy a convention and remain seated while surrounded by a bevy of reestless women. He shall be hailed as a liberator of his sex. May he appear soon, for our present idiotic behavior only makes both men and women uncomfortable. |

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

We May Have to Cut Prices and Wages Further to Make Work for Our People and to Keep What Business We Have. NEW YORK, Dec. 10.—As President Hoover pointed out in transmitting it to congress, the Mellon tax plan has one distinct advantage. Being a virtual reproduction of the 1924 revenue act, the government knows exactly how to put it into operation, while those who have been paying taxes for seven years, or more, know what to expect. Since the plan is offered as a temporary measur ? of relief, it probably was wiser to reinstate an old system than try anew one. At the same time, it might be just as well to ask ourselves how far it is safe to assume the transient character of existing conditions, particularly with regard to income and revenue. u u u Will Profits Return? EVERY one believes that the depression soon will be over as far as idleness is concerned, but | are we justified in taking that to mean a restoration of the profit, dividends, and easy money which went with post-war inflation? We keep telling ourselves that the depression resulted from worldwide conditions, that this country neither brought it about nor was able to stop it. If that is so, world-wide conditions are bound to exercise some influence on the future and should not be ignored in making plans for stabilizing government finances. n u u Foreign Cautiousness WHILE we proceed on the theory that commerce presently will be rehabilitated, without considerable price or wage cuts, and that we can depend on a return of old-time revenues, other nations appear to be taking an opposite view. The German government is cutting prices, wages and rents by decree, and Italy already has done so. The English people just have elected a parliament for the express purpose of reducing government expenses by at least $500,000,000 a year. In other words, many countries deliberately are cutting expenses, not only to balance their budgets, but to lower production costs to insure a better break in foreign trade. a u u Further Cuts Likely IF the general cost level of commodities should continue to decline on a world-wide basis, it follows, as a matter of course, that we must fall in line, or lose still more foreign trade. Such a prospect is not inviting, but neither was the war, nor the depression, into both of which we were drawn against our will. It is quite possible that we are in for a season of severe competition and that we" shall be compelled to make certain sacrifices to hold the position we occupy It is possible we shall have to cut prices and wages even to a greater extent than we have, not only to make work for our people, but to keep the business we already have.

Economy 'All Talk’ THE only way we could maintain the standard of living under such circumstances is by reducing the cost of everything, government included, and it is time that we gave that idea a passing thought. There has been a great deal of talk about economy not only at Washington, but in the various state capitals and city halls, but very little has been done. Though business has fallen off at least 20 per cent, and taxable incomes by 25, the good old budget keeps right on. Wages have been cut in thousands of plants and millions of men and women have been thrown out of work. There is hardly a great private enterprise in the entire country but has found it necessary to make drastic retrenchment. When you get into public affairs, however, you find a different philosophy.

Examples Set Abroad OTHER governments are accepting the decline of revenue and income as more or less permanent, betting on the prospect of dearer money, which means cheaper goods and lower wages and trying to adjust their budgets accordingly. Some of them have been forced into such action, while others have taken it voluntarily. More than that, they are adopting the policy of protection in its narrowest sense, erecting trade barriers and seeking a greater degree of self-support. What is the Baumes law of New York, and what other states have similar laws? The Baumes law makes it mandatory upon the court to impose a sentence of life imprisonment for any one convicted of felony for the fourth time. Other states having similar laws are California, Kansas, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota and Vermont. How do the ■ populations of Mexico, Spain and Italy compare, and what proportion of each is Roman Catholic? The population of Mexico is 16,404.030; Spain, 27,760,854, and Italy, 41,173,000. About 95 per cent of the | population of Italy are Roman CathI alics; practically the entire population of Spain and about 13,922,000 in Mexico. How long prior to her death was “The Romance of Two Worlds,” by Marie Corelli, published? The book was published in 1886, ; and the author died April 24, 1924. Who was the architect of the ; Union States at W'ashington, D. CA Daniel Hudson Burnham. What is the salary of the vicepresident of the United States? His salary is $15,000 a year. What does it mean to dream of rocks? The dream books say that It denotes reverses, and that there will be discord and unhappiness. Is Chicago the capital of Illinois? Springfield is the capital of Uli- ! nois.

Another Bar in Prosperity’s Way

H /H£Y, \ —^ ( COfMC ) / \ / we cant \ GET THROUGH

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Anthrax Manifests Itself by Boils

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. 'T'HE anthrax bacillus was one of the first germs discovered by Pasteur. It is found in the hair, hides, fresh excretions of infected human beings and animals. It usualy gets into the body from contact of a wound or scratch with some of the material containing the organism, from inhaling the spores of the organism, from eating insufficiently cooked or infected meat, and possibly sometimes by transmission from some infected animal to man by the medium of the fly or the mosquito. Seven days after the germs get into the body the symptoms appear. The disease is manifest in the

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times —Called by Governor La Follette, the politicians, big and small, met in Madison at the special session of the legislature, to fool the unemployed, by dropping them a few measly sops that they call lelief. Governor Bob, clever politician that he is, proposed more than the interim committee which has been holding public hearings throughout the state for the last few months. What are the proposals of La Follette? According to the papers, he proposed to spend $17,000,000 “to help the unemployed.” How is this “help” to be given? Six million dollars will help reduce property taxes throughout the state. In other words, this help will go to the property owners, who ought to be taxed even higher to feed the unemployed. This move, fully approved by the “Socialists” is to hold the small capitalists, landlords, etc., on whom both the progressives and Socialists, are trying to base themselves. The rest of the appropriations will be to finance public works, which is the forced labor scheme of Hoover, Wall, Hoan & Cos. Six millions will be divided among the cities and counties to “give work” to the nearly 300,000 unemployed for a little relief; $1,000,000 for emergency fund “where it is needed mostly” (?), and $5,000,000 to be used in forestry work in northern Wisconsin, where, besides the convicts of Waupun, unemployed young men are to be given work. This is the great relief program of La Follette. Will it work? The legislature has been organized in such a way the majority in the senate belong to the Hoover Republicans, who will reject most of these sham recommendations. This will save La Follette’s face. They also are talking about “compulsory unemployment insurance,” which, even if it passed, will go into effect July 1, 1933. In the meantime, the unemployed can wait. Even the Groves bill will not become effective if it is passed, until private industries have established “satisfactory voluntary systems by that time.” The bourgeois papers, regardless

M TODAY £$ WORLD WAR \ ANNWERSARY

RUSS COUNTER REVOLT Dec. 10

ON Dec. 10, 1917, a counter revolt in southeastern Russia was aimed at seizing authority in the section and cutting off food supplies from Siberia. The revolt was led by Generals Kaledine, Dutoff and Korniloff. The Rumanians were forced by the Russians to sign an armistice. A dispatch from Jassy, Rumania, stated that an armistice for three months between the German and Rumanian force, taking in also the Russians on the Rumanian front, had been agreed upon. Spain announced that the Spanish steamship Claudio had been bombarded by a German submarine. Eight sailors were killed and several wounded. Observation trenches, lost by the Italians east of Capo Sile, on the lower Piave line, were retaken by the forces.

form of boils that contain the organism. These open and discharge and the material from the discharge may infect other persons. Epidemics have occurred in the United States due to hair from infected shaving brushes imported from Japan. They also have occurred in tanneries where infected hides have not been properly controled. Because of the great danger of the condition, public health officials have worked cut a series of measures for the control of the disease. Animals that are infected should be isolated immediately and kept away from other animals. Animals that die of anthrax should be burned promptly without attempt-

of their political affiliations, including the Milwaukee Leader, which calls itself “Socialist,” present La Follette’s proposals as something revolutionary, something novel, something unique in the United States. It is possible that a La Follette may ask for more than the other politicians, but this is due to the pressure of the unemployed workers who invaded the public hearings of the interim committee and, who through demonstrations, forced these capitalists to talk relief. We workers will not be fooled by La Follette’s legislative proposals. In place of these public works —forced labor schemes—or a fake unemployment insurance bill which may go into effect two years from today—we indorse the demands of the national hunger marchers. These are unemployment insurance at the full expense of the rich; $l5O winter emergency relief and SSO additional for each dependent. These funds are to be distributed by the unemployed councils with no salaried employes and will be used as in the community chest and its auxiliary branch organizations. In plain words, the men or women in the councils will not be paid anything for their work, except to draw their allotment of the fund as specified above. If an employed worker is used, he shall not draw from the insurance fund for his own benefit except when he becomes unemployed. R. M. S. Editor Times—l would like to see the Community Fund money really spent for charity this year, as it surely is needed if it ever was. If the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. are Christian organizations, as they claim to be, let them not accept this money this year. The Wheeler Rescue Mission and the Salvation Army do several times the charity work the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. combined do, with far less money. The really big job of relief nr st come through the Family Welfare Society, and it needs far more than it gets, just because other agencies dip their hands in and deprive the needy and helpless of proper aid. The mental lethargy of our people, the uninterested attitude of those who ease their consciences with contributions, is what makes it possible for the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the Boy Scouts and several other non-charitable organizations to get funds which should go to family relief. Is there no man with courage enough and love of justice enough who will demand a change in this year’s appropriation of funds to see that the needy'really get relief? READER. Editor Times—Some place in Illinois, under thirty-day reprieve, is a doomed 17-year-old boy, to whom a judge and twelve supposedly sane men said, “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth and a life for a life.” I never heard of this youth before, nor know nothing about him except what I have been reading and his pictures which I have seen in the newspaper, but I want to say this: If this boy is allowed to die, someone will have occasion to be sorry before he leaves this world. It has been said a long time that society prepares the crime; the criminal commits it. I believe that society or inheritance's responsible

ing to remove the skin or otherwise opening the body. In the plants where hides are handled, every employe with any boil, pimple or bruise on the skin immediately should report to the physician for examination. To prevent spread of this disease to people outside factories or tanneries where hides are handled, it is recommended all waste water or sewage from such factories be distinguished thorughly before permitted outside the plant. Because of the possibility that anthrax germs may infect the lungs directly, it is recommended that tanneries and woolen mills be provided with proper ventilating apparatus. Finally the sale of hides from all animals infected with anthrax should be prohibited.

for every act of youth and I might say youth and man. Why not punisfi the one who is responsible to the boy for getting the bootleg poison? Why and how did he get it? If none of the jury or the judge and Governor is guilty of violating the eighteenth amendment, perhaps they will not have to worry after electrocution. However, someone is responsible to this youth for the crime he committed. The cycle of civilization must be turning backward when justice demands the life of a youth of 17 years. O. G. BRIDGES.

Questions and Answers

Is it the male or female mosquito that bites, and can they bite more than once? Only female mosquitos bite because the mouth of the male mosquito ia no tequipped to suck blood Mosquitos, contrary to popular belief, bite more than once. Where is radio station WCAR? Statler hotel, Cleveland, O. Are the Bermuda islands included in the West Indies? No. What Negro football players have been named on all-America teams” Marshall of the University of Minnesota, end, 1905-1906; Pollard of Brown university, half back, 1916; Robeson of Rutgers, end, 1918, and Slater of lowa university, tackle 1921. ’ What is the capital of Persia? Teheran. . >s the nationality and meanmg of the name Zacharias? It is the Greek form of the Hebrew name Zachariah, meaning God is renowned.” Is Ralph Conners the real name of the author, and of what nationality is he? re^ al name ls the Rev - Charles W. Gordon. He is a Canadian. What part of the Constitution of the Lmted States is called the “bill of rights”? The first ten amendments.

Under the Label — E\ery vise person looks beyond the label when he buys—whether it be soup, a suit of clothes, a radio or an automobile. ■When you buy soup, you will find something very interesting in the Columbia brand. It is the best soup, of course. Also it is produced by workers who own their own plant and run their own jobs. The workers get any surplus in the form of wages, medical service, steady work. They are not working to pile up millions as an estate for heirs of owners, heirs who have never worked and never will work. Ask for the COLUMBIA brand of soup, catsup, pork and beans, chill con came and tomato juice. * On Sale at All REGAL STORES

-DEC. 10, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

The Moon, Earth’s Closest Neighbor, Still Holds Many Mysteries Which Astronomers Arc Striving to . Solves. 'T'HE moon, our closest neighbor A in space and our constant companion as the earth journeys around the sup, Is still the hiding place of many mysteries. With the passing of years, astronomy has reached out to the far comers of space. The Mt. Wilson observers have succeeded In photographing spiral nebulae which are 150.000.000 light-years away. Theoretical astronomers are concerned with such questions as the diameter of the universe. But there are still plenty of problems close at home and we have to go only a mere 240,000 miles—the distance to the moon—to find many of them. One of them, in all probability, never will be solved until man learns to navigate space by rockets. It is the question of what the other side of the moon looks like. The moon rotates upon its rwn axis in exactly the same time that it revolves about the earth. The result is that Jt always keeps the same face turned toward the earth. We assume that the other side looks about like the side we do see. But we don’t know. a u a Light Is Analyzed A NOTHER important question, y e t unsolved, is what is the moon made of? More exactly, the problem resolves itself into what the surface of the moon consists of, since there seems little chance, at this time, of penetrating the surface. One of the latest theories advanced is that put forward by Lyot of the Meudon observatory near Paris. Lyot thinks that the surface of the moon is covered with a thick layer of volcanic ash. Lyot arrived at this theory by a study of moonlight. Moonlight, of course, is sunlight reflected from the surface of the moon. Lyot' tried reflecting sunlight from various substances and analyzing the resulting light to see how it compared with moonlight. He reflected sunlight from all sorts of rocks—granites, sandstones, chalks, etc. He also tried reflecting sunlight from different varieties of sands, clays, soils and the like. He found that moonlight was like none of these reflected lights, but that it was almost exactly like the light which was obtained when sunlight was reflected from volcanic ash. Since the surface of the moon is covered with a vast profusion of craters w T hich resemble extinct volcanoes and which have, in the past, been assumed by many astronomers to be extinct volcanoes, Lyot’s theory is not at all unreasonable. The theory also helps to explain other things about the moon.

Violent Changes Certain THE moon is subjected to terrific changes in temperature because there is no atmosphere on the moon. Consequently the moon gets the full force of the sun’s rays in the daytime. And at night there is no atmosphere to hold in the heat which was received during the day. Drs. Seth B. Richardson and Edison Pettit of the Mt. Wilson observatory made temperature measurements of the moon with a thermocouple. They found that the lighted surface of the moon had a temperature of 194 degrees Fahrenheit. But when the moon entered the earth’s shadow and the sunlight was cut off from its surface, the temperature fell to 152 degrees below zero. Now such violent temperature changes ought tc cause the rocks of the moon to expand and contract with resulting breaking and crumbling. Yet there does not seem to be much evidence for that sort of thing. Professor F. R. Moulton writes in his “Astronomy,” as follows: “There have been no observed changes in the larger features of the lunar topography, although from time to time minor alterations have been suspected.” This would be explained, perhaps, if the surface of the moon was covered with a layer of volcanic ash. For such a layer would act as an insulation, preventing the heat from penetrating to the rocks below. A number of observatories are now studying the question of the composition of the moon’s surface. The Carnegie institution of Washington has launched a joint study in which the Mt. Wilson astronomers are co-operating with the rock experts of the geophysical laboratory.

Daily Thought

Now after many years I came to bring alms to my nation, and offerings.—-Acts 24:17. Charity is a virtue of the heart and not of the hands.—Addison. Name the Governor and the United States senators from Pennsylvania. Gifford Pinchot is Governor and the senators are David A. Reed and James J. Davis.