Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 178, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 December 1931 — Page 8

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S r * t P P J ~ mow amn

Write to Washington Every one will i ypiaud the Kl:n3 of the various canWcnces at Washington for purpose of bringing hacic proaperity. At present, there is an urge for more and better homes. These will be built. They will be built by -vorkcrs when workers again have jobs to finance them. * Just, how any plan for more liberal terms of credit will greatly increase the numbers of homes built at once is difficult to foresee. To the man out of a job. who really needs a better home than the one he now occupies, it makes little difference whether he can purchase by a down payment of 20 per cent or of 1 ner cent of its cost. He is unable to pay anything at all. The one benefit is to call attention to the fact tnat there is no overproduction of houses in this country and will be no overproduction until every tamily has a home equipped with every modern convenience, with electric appliances to perform all drudgery, with systems for heating in winter and cooiing in summer, with pleasant yards and growing flowers. Such homes are possible for every one if a proper retribution of labor is provided and industry stabilized on a basis that guarantees to every man a job. The same condition is true in regard to clothing and to transportation, to entertainment, to all things which make life more comfortable and worth while. But these things can not come until those who work are employed regularly and steadily and not subject to the eddies and currents of finance. Two years ago the Eagles lodge raised as its slogan the declaration that “it is the right of everv American citizen to be employed at a saving wage. If that be made a reality instead of a hope, there will come all the new and more splendid and sanitary homes, an end to slums, an end to poverty and enforced charity for the workless. A bill was drafted and presented to congress which Dears the names of Senator Blaine of Wisconsin and Representative Louis Ludlow of this city. It provides for a board with the broad powers now given to the interstate commerce commission to deal with transportation, except that it would function for labor. It is designed to solve the problem of unemployment by stabilizing industry. There is so much to be done. Yet stupidly men ire kept in idleness and leaders dream of more liberal credits for those who have no credit. The right to a job is the answer. You might write to Ludlow, giving him encouragement. And to Senators Watson and Robinson asking their co-opcration in the one practical plea. “Best for the State” "In my opinion you probably are right in maintaining that it would be to the best interests of the state that executive clemency should be granted to Mooney.”—Charles M. Fickert in his message to New York's mayor, James J. Walker, in California. Thus grudgingly does big Charlie Fickert, the exdistrict attorney of San Francisco, temper the savagery of 1917 when he tried to hang Tom Mooney and make a life lelon of Warren Billings. And thus also docs Fickert in effect sign up on the growing roster of Americans who think the pair should be released. Fickert’s later explanation that his message to Walker had been “unfortunately worded” and that he still believes Mooney guilty does not change the record. It merely places the ex-pVosecutor in that category of illogical Californians who say that, guilty or not, these men should be freed “for the good of the state.” The other day an up-state California editor let it out that Mooney and Billings should be cast forth as Jonahs irnm the good ship California. “We have had enough, more than enough, of the Mooney case,” wrote the petulant Petaluma ArgusCourier. “Mooney in prison is a greater menace to this state than would be Mooney out of prison.” This editor says Mooney should not be pardoned, but his sentence commuted. He should be, we take it, offered up to the great god Boost. “Kick Mooney out of San Quentin prison,” says the editor, Fickert goes a bit farther. He cites the statement of ex-Governor Young to the effect that his once star witness, Oxman, was “nothing more nor less than a publicity-seeking romancer.” Thus there appears to have crept into his mind after fourteen years the suspicion that he may have tried to hang the wrong man. The sun-kissed logic of the Petaluma editor and ex-prosecutor is this: Mooney and Billings (though possibly guilty of bombing to death ten innocent people! are more menacing (to our glorious states prosperity! inside of prison than outside. So kick 'em out. Os course it’s all nonsense. Fickert does not doubt the Innocence of these two men. If he did he would prove himself a dangerous citizen bv suggesting clemency. The truth is that his conscience would rest easipr if they were free. Like Oxman. he hesitates candidly to urge it. for thus would he inclupate himself in the wrong his state has committed. But Fickert should refuse to die. like Oxman, with this on his soul. And California should free Mooney and Billings with pardons, not commutations. This is the least it can do. Self-Perpetuating Presidents Dawes will be substituted for Hoover as the Republican presidential candidate in 1932 if influential western party leaders, backed by certain eastern interests, have their way. according to the news reports. Needless to say the chances of such a movement are about one in a hundred, or less. All of which is very bad. It xs bad not because Dawes is a better man than Hoover or vice versa—but because the unwritten law of parties under which a President automatically succeeds himself as a candidate is a denial of representative government. So far as Hoover is concerned, it generally is admitted that he is the most unpopular President the country has had in many years. He is regarded as a pretty complete failure, even though he could not possibly be responsible lor all or even half *the national misfortunes for which he exclusively is blamed by a panicky and bitter public. It is fairly clear that if the Republican rank and file or any other rank and file had its way Hoover would not be a presidential nominee again. And yet—thanks to the unwritten party law and tradition—nothing less than a political miracle can keep him out If he wants to run. A more unrepresentative, a more undemocratic, method of picking presidential candidates could not

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPFW-HOWAKD NKWBPAPER) owned aud pnbHsbed dally (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street, ludianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 rents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. S3 a year: outside of Indiana. 05 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D BAKER Editor President Business Manager ' l! IQNE Riley SMI FRIDAY. DEC. 4. H3l. Member of United Press. Scrlpps-iioward Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asso ciation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

be conceived by an absolute dictator than this systefli which has been allowed to grow up In America. There are two reasons why a President is able to renominate himself. One is the superstition that a party can not turn thumbs down on its White House leader without discrediting the party and causing party defeat in the next election. The .second reason is that a President through powers of patronage is able in four years to build up a personal political machine strong enough to control a national party convention regardless of public opinion and regardless even of the will of the contention delegates. Taft's dictatorship over the proRoosevelt convention in 1912 is a familiar example. Just as Taft could control a hostile convention ,nrough patronage, especially with the puppet southrn delegation, so Hoover or any other patronage disoenser in the white House can remain a party lutocrat. We believe that is bad for the man in the White House, for the party, and for the nation. We believe the country would welcome any move-ment-even though started in behalf of the dubious Mr. Dawes—which would smash the self-perpetuat-mg presidential system. The Hunger March The United States secret service has provoked much legal lawlessness in connection with unemployment demonstrations. Recently the secret service in Washington flooded the country with a long propaganda story about a nation-wide “hunger march” under alleged Communist direction. The purpose of this story, as reported, was to frighten local authorities into breaking up this rather small demonstration before it reached Washington, and embarrassed the administration. If that v.as the purpose, it has been achieved in part. Local authorities in several cities and states have begun to interfere with the lawful progress of the caravans toward Washington. Apparently the secret service and some local officials have forgotten that it is not illegal to be a Communist, that it is not illegal for unemployed citizens to travel to Washington, that it is not illegal for the unemployed to hold peaceful demonstrations, but that it is illegal for the police or the secret service to violate the constitutional rights of those citizens. One of those constitutional liberties is the right of ! petition. Very few of the nation’s 7,000.000 workers who are deprived of the right to work through no fault of their own, are Communists. But a great many will be converted to Communism if federal and local authorities are allowed to start a reign of terror against the unemployed. So They Can Buy Two years of living with a dep-ncssion has caused quite a general agreement that its principal cause is underconsumption. Thirteen per cent of the people own approximately 90 per cent of the. wealth of the country. Seventyseven per cent of the people own just 5 per cent of I the wealth. Five per cent of all the money in the j country did not permit the population—the 77 per cent who had nothing else—to buy enough of the j products being made by the rest. * When ihe 77 per cent share with each other the j little they have, the total purchasing power of this group is not increased. The same is true with regard to local relief obtained from city or state taxation, for these taxes in the main are collected from poor men and men moderately well to do—practically all of them coming within the 77 per cent. Federal relief would come from taxation of the rich—the 13 per cent of the population which possesses 90 per cent of the wealth. We can relieve suffering, and at the same time help to correct one of the basic causes of that suffering. by federal unemployment aid to local relief agencies provided the money is raised by taxation on wealth. Headline:* Miss Carr Loses Driver's License. Auto seen more careful. Flo Ziegfeld said there always would be stage-door Johnnies, and that's why there would always be "Follies.” And what follies! John H. Raskob is petitioning 90.000 Democrats as to their views on prohibition. Looks like something is going to be soaked. A New Jersey woman sued for divorce, naming a game cf cards as co-respondent. Evidently she didn’t stack up so well. Lawyers are whooping up a “second Reno” in Hot Springs. Well, that's another place to get into hot water.

Just Every Day Sense j BY MRS WALTER FERGUSON

THERE is no friendship in business,'’ remarks John w. Arrington, manufacturer. Perhaps this is one reason why we are so economically ill these days. At any rate, this sentence presents to the imaginative mind an ugly picture, and one that does not increase our respect for the industrial system. We take it that there still is honor among business men, however, because we have been told so often that even thieves possess it. And friendship and honor are allied so closely that there is almost no separating them. In nearly every town during this period of business inertia we see certain business heads using it as an excuse for pinching their workers down to the lowest possible wage. One builds himself a grand mansion, another salts away his gold, while still another improves and enlarges his business at the expense of faithful workers. Organiaztions that keep on declaring dividends have fired half their force and cut the salaries and doubled the work for those remaining. I know one man who declared that his small business had cleared SIOO,OOO this year, yet its wages have been cut to the bone. B B B THERE is no friendship here, and no honor. Yet this, happily, is but one-half of the picture. There are many more organizations whose leaders do value friendship and who feel a great sense of responsibility toward their employes. And thousands of men. I dare say. have weathered the hard times for the sole reason that they had friends to help them. If tl-’re is no friendship in business, which I strenuously deny, then America indeed is in a sad condition. For the cutthroat system, kept alive bylies and deceits and bitter enmities, is nQ longer considered the best system. There is friendliness in everything these days. If that fails us, all things are worthless. And the man who makes only a fortune and strives not for friendship will be forever poor.

THE INDIAWOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Who Says That the Machine Age Is Destroying Our Originality? Why, It Has Xot Even Put Mules and Horses Out of Commission. NEW YORK, Dec. 4 —Judge Sabath of Chicago renders another of those unique, but extremely practical decisions which have made him famous. It was in connection with the ■ settlement of a suit for separate maintenance brought by an exasj perated wife on the ground that ; her husband had become addicted j to poker and drink. "You can play only one night a . week,” Judge Sabath told the husband in enumerating the requirements for a reconciliation, “and on that night you must be home by : 11:45.” I “Don’t I get any rights at all?” i complained the latter. “No more than three little ones on ! your evening out,” said Judge Sabath. nan One for ‘the Book' THE gambling instinct goes deep. Men have expressed it by spitting at cracks, by drenching whole countries with blood, by attempting to corner the wheat market, by the invention of all sorts of games, and by arranging lotteries around every conceivable kind of uncertainty, but it remained for a gang in Rochester, N. Y., to offer people the chance to make real j money by guessing the height, weight, sex and moment of death of ; the first person to commit suicide on anew bridge. Coroner Leomareo, who unearthed the scheme, and who has one of the tickets to prove it, says that it is not the first of its kind, since a similar “lottery of death” was tried out at Niagara Fals some time ago. Most people will agree with his declaration that precedent offers no excuse and that such an “outrage should not be tolerated.” ana

A Queer Stunt MEN do queer things when they get greedy, or excited. Down m Birmingham. Ala., a local movie war inspired some bright boy to import a lot of snakes from Texas, with the idea of turning them loose in the darkened houses when crowds and plots were thickest. The stunt actually was carried out causing a near panic and calling for some rather unusual detective work on the part of the police. The police rose nobly to the occasion, with one arrest already made and sixteen snakes confiscated. ana Just Think It Over WHO says that the machine age is destroying our originality? Why, it hasn’t even put mules and horses out of commission. According to a recent census report, there still are 18,000,000 of them in this country, which is more than there were in 1890. Progress is not wholly a matter of substitution, as some folks seem to think. More often than not it means only addition. , Because anew trade, or device comes in, don’t take it for granted that an old one must disappear. Did you know that a greater number of wha]es were killed in 1930 than ever before: that we still make millions of candles in spite of electric lights; that the manufacture of hoes, wheelbarrows and bucksaws still constitutes big business? ft ft ft Children of the Soil W'E are not as far away from the primitive as the illusionrnent of an illuminated city street suggests. Half of us, or possibly more, are able to live without much regard to raw resources and raw labor, but the rest can not. We still are children of the soil in every essential, absolutely dependent on what the soil produces, either in vegetable, mineral or animal form. It’s not a bad idea to keep' that in mind, especially when we are trying to cure basic ills with effective remedies. This notion that the economic structure can be separated into component parts and dealt with Scientists are beginning to believe piecemeal has its weakness, that the universe must be regarded as an entity. It might not be a bad idea to take a similar view of economics.

m TODAY 0} 'yT IS THE W ' WORLD WAR \ ANMV^APV

ASKS WAR ON AUSTRIA Dee. 4

ON Dec. 4, 1917, President Wilson in his second war message to a joint session of congress urged a declaration of war agaipst AustriaHungary. President Wilson also gave a broad intimation of a possible economic war against Germany: “It might be impossible to admit Germany to the free economic intercourse which must inevitably spring out of other partnerships in real peace.” President Wilson also transmitted the following message to the king of Rumania: “The people of the United States have watched with feeling of warmest sympathy and admiration the courageous struggle of Your Majesty that the United States will support Rumania after the war to the best of its ability, and that in any final negotiations for peace it will use its constant efforts to see to it that the integrity of Rumania as a free and independent nation is adequately safeguarded.” Do Alaska brown bears ever weigh as much as 1,200 pounds? The Kodiak bears, the largest of the Alaska brown bears, 1.200 pounds is not regarded as very heavy. They grow much larger. What relation is the daughter of my mother’s cousin to me? Second cousin. How much difference is there between Pacific coast time and eastern standard tiihe? Pacific coast time is three hours earlier than eastern standard time.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE : Skin Diseases Often Due to Sensitivity

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. ALMOST every one now knows that the human being may be sensitized to certain protein substances and respond in various ways, sometimes with hayfever, sometimes with asthma, sometimes with abdominal pain or headache, and sometimes with eruption on the skin. The eruption on the skin may take various forms, including swelling, eczema and general irritation manifested by blisters and itching. Dr. Leo H. Criep recently has surveyed some of the special points in relationship to the type of sensitivity that is manifest on the skin. Usually the person indicates that other members of his family have similar disturbances, including either hayfever or asthma, or some other type of sensitivity. Not infrequently the occupation of the patient is such that’ he is

IT SEEMS TO ME

Unfortunately, i forgot to turn off the radio upon quitting the job early yesterday morning. It makes it much .easier to write if you tune in on one of the cabarets. The sounds of jazz and revelry increase your self-esteem enormously. As you pound the typewriter keys you hear “How’s Your Uncle?” or “Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries,” j and you say to yourself, “There are | those fools and wasters dining and drinking and dancing, and here I am hard at work turning out literature.” The jokes of the broadcaster and the applause and the laughter all sound very jolly and enticing. But it is easy to thrust aside temptation with a little philosophy. “That,” I say to myself, “is just the fun of a moment. Ephemerality is written all over it. Who among all the roistering crowd will remember a single one of all the announcer’s witty sayings tomorrow morning?” “Not one,” I reply, for I make it a practice in these philosophic discussions to supply the answers as well as the questions. “But the book I am writing,” I continue —“this will live after the cabaret quips are forgotten. This book % will still be partly current two months after publication.” “Blind fools,” I ruminate with bitterness. “They have no thought j except to please themselves. I work for the sake of posterity.” a tt tt Daybreak and Bugle Calls BUT. as I said, it was a mistake not to turn the blame thing off after the last jazz band had done j for the evening. The current continued even though nothing came through the horn, and at 6:45 a. m.. I began to dream that I was best man at a military funeral. It was impossible to work all the noise into the fabric of my fantasy and remain asleep, and I awoke to find the sound of pealing bells and bugle calls. And the reason for this puzzled me until I heard a cheery voice which said, “Good morning, everybody; this is Mr. Wiggly, the exercise man.” To get up and shut him off was far too great an effort, and so I listened while he grew increasingly cheery. “Isn’t that fine,’' he continued, ‘to : see you all tumbling out of bed? j Now we’ll begin by drinking a nice ! long glass of cold water. Tastes good, doesn't it? I’ve al ways said ; nature is man’s best bootlegger. Ha! Ha! Ka!” and he laughed three j times with most annoying vehe- 1 mence. “Now I want each of my pupils, big or small, to make sure that the windows are open. Fresh air should be part of our breakfast every morning. There s nothing like fresh air on these fine, sharp mornings.” tt n a One Portion of Fresh Air FOR the first time I was reminded of the penetrating chill of the bleak and gloomy days and drew the quilt under my chin. 4ut there was no shutting off the breezy tones of Mr. Wiggly. “Well, now. isn’t that fine? Here comes daddy to join our cricle. Daddy’s not so young as he used

Time to Abandon It

frequently in contact with material which may cause sensitivity. For example, he may be a peddler or a stable man, and thus be in contact with horses. He may be a baker or she may be a housewife and sensitive to flour. Janitors show sensitivity to insect powder, pharmacists and chemists to various substances with which they may be concerned. Furriers may have eczetna due to furs, but women who wear the furs may also show sensitivity. Sometimes the appearance of the first attack may coincide with the purchase of new bedding, pillows, upholstered furniture, rugs, new toys, or new clothing. Popple sensitive to goat hair may have their first attack when riding in a motor car upholstered with mohair, which is made from goat hair. Anew rug made of cotton, wool, hair or camel hair when put into a house suddenly may lead to an attack of sensitivity explained only

to be, but he’s still a good sport. Aren’t you, daddy? Now we’ll begin with exercise B 42, which is K 29 on your charts. Place the left toe behind the right ear, and bend forward until your knee touches the ground. That’s it. You’re all doing fine.” Somebody struck up “I Love Louisa” on the piano, and Mr. Wiggly continued—- “ Chin up. Eyes bright. I want to see you all smiling. We can’t have any sulky faces in our little family. One, two; one, two; one, two. Snap into it! Show me all your teeth. One, two; one, two. The little family is growing larger all the time. I had a letter from a gentleman in Batavia yesterday saying tl>at he and his six children and his aunts had joined the class. I hope you’re with us this morning, Mr. Weismuller. One. two; one, two. I’ve never been in Batavia, but I understand you’ve got a pretty little town. Breathe deep. Keep smiling—” And here the drill was inter-; rupted by a fearful fit of coughing.'

Questions and Answers

What are the official names for the positions on a football team in the United States? Right end, left end. right tackle, left tackle, right guard, left guard, center, quarter back, left half back, right half back and full back. Who played the role of the "un hoy “Rencharo” in Trader Horn? It wast played by a native, Mutia Omoolu. Have any successful dives been made from the Brooklyn Bridge, New York, in the last few years? Ray Woods, a St. Louis swimming instructor, dived twice from the Brooklyn Bridge, in June, 1928. He wore a baseball mask and chest protector over a flannel shirt and his swimming suit. The protector and shirt were torn to shreds when he struck the water. Another dive was made by Jack Latkowski, about June 1, 1929. How does the area of France compare with that of Germany? France, including Alsace-Lorraine, has an area of 212,659 square miies, and Germany has 185,889. Are Negro boys barred from the United States military acedemy? They can enter if they obtain an appointment and pass the examinations. Several have done so. On what date is the Yellowstone National Park closed to tourists? The tourist season extends from June 20 to Sept. 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and Sept. 19 and Oct. 15, admittance Is granted only to those who come

Daily Thought

For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted, he is able to succour them that are tempted. —Hebrews 2.18. Hardly a man will you And who could live with his door open.— Seneca. A

by contact with the new piece of furnishing. It now is generally known that some people'are sensitive to orris root in face powder, others to rice, corn or similar substances mixed with soap# or cosmetics. Finally, many people are sensitive to flowers, including the primrose, the chrysanthemum, the ivy and the rose. The common foods involved In manifestations of sensitivity, such as eczema and urticaria and swelling of the skin, are milk, wheat, eggs, cereals, lettuce, chocolate, fish, cabbages and potato. An experienced physician, by making proper tests of the skin, or by testing the diet after studying the history of the case, can determine whether or not there exists one of these special sensitivities. When the nature of the sensitivity is determined, it is possible to avoid the substance to which the sensitivity exists and thus to be relieved of the symptoms.

pv HEYWOOD 1 BROUN

With peace in my heart I turned over and went to sleep, for now I realized that cheery, fresh-air, water-drinking Mr. Wiggly had one of the nastiest colds it has ever been my pleasure to hear. ana Deep-Dyed Detective Work ONE of the easiest jobs in the world must be that of federal secret service agent. First-page dispatches from Washington announce that these inspired detectives have unearthed a connection between the Communist party and the national hunger march. All the sleuthing necessary was to buy a copy of the Communist daily organ, which has been dealing with the hunger march in eight-column headlines for more than a month. And even now that the discovery has been accomplished the policy of the government seems to be a little less than shrewd. It purposes to fight the Communists. It might be smarter to fight the hunger. (Copyright. 1931. bv The Timesi

equipped to camp. Sept. 15 is the last day on which the four and onehalf day motor trip may be started. Is the bitterness or orange peels eaused by arsenic? Orange peel does not contain arsenic in any appreciable amount. What is the meaning of the German name Koettgen? It means a small peasant’s house, without field or yard; a humble dwelling. Has Babe Ruth a better lifetime average than Ty Cobb? Babe Ruth's average, up to the beginning of the 1931 season was .347 and Ty Cobb's was .367. What is the meaning of the name “Lucifer”? , It means “the shining one.” and originally was a name for the morning star, or “son of the dawn.”

BETTER, OF COURSE: COLUMBIA brands of soups, tomato juice, chili con carne, pork and beans, and catsup are better. That is because they are produced under better working conditions. The workers and the owners are the same. Co-operation, not competition', is the basis of operation. __ , Would you like to work where you are sure of your job, get a pay envelope every week of the year, are sure of medical services for your family, have a voice in management of every detail of the business? You may assist in extending this startling basis of operating industry by buying the products of the COLUMBIA CONSERVE COMPANY. , % ON SALE AT ALL REGAL STORES.

Ideal, and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most inter* esting writers and are nresented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ol this naner.—The Editor

.DEC. 4, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ _

i Sir Oliver Lodge Relates Ex. periments Which Were Forerunners of Modern Radio. MARCONI frequently is called the “father of radio,” but It is well to remember that radio also had many grandfathers. Marconi is justly famous because he took the radio out or the laboratory and made it capable of doing real work In the everyday world. But Marconi could not have done it if it had not been for the many laboratory workers who preceded him. Sir Oliver Lodge, great physicist, and one of the pioneers in radio, told about the early days in that field in a recent address before the British Association for the Advancement of Science. “As one gets older.” Lodge said, “people seem to think that one's duty is to be a historian of the times during which one has lived. “Unfortunately. I have not been trained as a historian, and. therefore. am inebmpetent Jo do more than just trade upon my reminiscences. which are liable to be rather one-sided and not to satisfy the conditions for serious and reliable history without prejudice or favoritism. “Looking back, then, over my lifetime, the first item to attract my attention was a paper on ‘Transient Currents.’ written by Lord Kelvin, in 1853, wherein he gave the theory of electric oscillations in a masterly manner, considering that the idea of self-induction was not then born. “He knew-, however, that an electric charge could be stored in a condenser, after the same fashion as energy is stored in a bent or coiled spring, so that, the condenser received and stored up electric energy, which it would subsequently give out w’hen released. That w r as the first step.” * a a Radiation Unsuspected LORD KELVIN, Sir Oliver Lodge continues, also knew that the | discharge of the condenser was an I oscillating one, like the swing of a j loaded pendulum, first in one direction and then in the other. Lord Kelvin knew that the spark of the electric discharge was really a. succession of sparks, first in one direction and then in another. Sir Oliver tells how he succeeded in slowing down the oscillations of I the spark by the use of very large ' condensers until the vibrations approached those of musical notes and the sound of the spark actually was a musical note. “I exhibited this musical note at the Royal Institution in what I called a ’whistling spark,' ” Lodge told. When such sparks took place, radio waves were, at the same tune radiated into space. But, Sir Oliver continues, “We did not know that there was any such radiations, nor did Lord Kelvin. “We knew’, or might have thought, that such radiation w’as possible, by the analogy of a tuning-fork. A I struck or excited tuning-fork gives sound vibrations. “A genius might have surmised that, as the tuning fork vibrates in air, so the discharge of a Leyden jar or other condenser, being a vibration in the ether, might possibly carve the ether into waves and emit energy in that way. That is what happens, but no one suspected it for a long time. “We had no sense for such waves and could not tell that they were being emitted, even when we made the experiment. We were in the condition of a deaf person striking , a tuning-fork or a bell.” ana Detection Perfected /r T''HE first to show that an electric X discharge would generate ether waves was George Francis Fitzgerald, Sir Oliver continued. Fitzgerald published mathematical studies of the question in 1880 and 1883. It is of interest to note that Fitzgerald's work was mathematical and theoretical, not experimental. As Sir Oliver adds, “Still we didn’t know how to produce these oscillations and still less how to detect them.” Fitzgerald’s theoretical w’ork was based upon the electromagnetic theory of light which had been published in 1865 by James Clerk Maxwell. Many experimenters set to work to detect the ether waves predicted by Fitzgerald. “I also set to work experimentally, and tried to produce the waves by the discharge of Leyden jars,” Sir Oliver tells. “No doubt I did produce them that was easy enough: the thing was to detect? them. “We needed what Lord Kelvin called ‘an electric eye.’ ” Success finally came to a German investigator. Professor Heinrich Hertz. Hertz, as Lodge tells, used a different arrangement of apparatus. He generated such powerful waves that when they were absorbed by metal conductors they caused the conductors to give forth tiny electric sparks. “After that,” Lodge says, “progress was rapid.” “A multitude of ingenious inventors combined their ingenuity and experiences to apply the process on an engineering scale and to improve it out of all recognition.”