Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 172, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 November 1931 — Page 6

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sen I f> P J - H OW AjtD

The Utility Santa Os course, the action of the employes of the Insull utilities in giving up a half day pay each month to he relief of the unemployed wa?i a voluntary act. That the Insull holding company will donate half as much as the total of the workers merely brings to .he public the thought that here is a great, generous 3anta Claus, Journeying into each community and jiving back a part of what it takes out. Unquestionably the employes of this concern are 10 different from those of every other business of the itate, and its workers Just as ready and willing as the employes of other industries to do what is necessary co be done for the Jobless. There is nothing new in the idea of the Insull holding company, which owns the common stock of most of the utilities of the state, in attempting to cultivate good-will by a showing of charity. It has been done time and again by those whose consciences may not be altogether easy concerning their treatment of the public. It will be done again and again by those who wish to distract attention from themselves. But it may be written down as certain that when any business announces that all its workers will contribute to a fund for any purpose, fine or otherwise, there has been compulsion from those who own the Jobs and tho act becomes a matter of private taxation. The charity in this case becomes the compulsory taxation of the employes of the utility for the purpose of building up good-will for the utility. There are many appeals before the public service commission from many cities in which the Insull Interests operate. The people of many cities and towns are asking for a reduction of rates. Public sentiment is becoming not only inquisitive, but insistent, on the subject. Perhaps if these rates were adjusted there would be less need for charity in the towns in which the Insull holding company will distribute its largess. There might be fewer men out of work if factories and business houses were compelled to pay less tribute to the holding company device for masking utility profits. But even were this not true, the spectacle of any concern being able to force its employes to give up any part of their wages for any cause should cause some thought. In that direction lies the path to industrial slaver. Sounder Credit Every one seems agreed, since the stock market boom and following depression, that something should be done to improve our credit system. But no one until now seems to have produced an acceptable solution. In this extremity the experts have produced a plan of their own. It is in the form of a report by a committee on bank reserves, consisting of federal reserve board and federal reserve banks’ representatives. After consideration and acceptance by the federal reserve authorities, this plan is to be submitted to congress. \ It is not a panacea for all the depression ills, or even for all the maladjustments of credit. But within the field of banking reserves, it promises needed reforms. In brief, it would eliminate present inequalities in requirements for reserves of member banks and would simplify those requirements by wiping out the reserve distinction between demand and time deposits. All member banks would be required to carry a 5 per cent reserve against net deposits and a 50 per cent reserve of the daily turnover of deposits, with a total reserve of 15 per cent of gross deposits. All of that is very technical. But the purpose is clear. By creating larger reserve requirements in boom times and smaller reserve requirements during depression periods, the plan is expected to create healthier credit conditions and thus in part level out the disastrous business cycles. It would tend to retard speculation in periods of excess and ease credit in periods of need. The legislative and administrative changes in the federal reserve law recommended by this experts’ report merit prompt and sympathetic study by the President and congress. A Lapse of Memory Mayor Walker’s trip to California to plead the case i of Tom Mooney has provoked the familiar “California against the world” sentiment. Police Captain Charles • Goff of San Francisco has warned the mayor that California knows what it is about. He says: “Mayor Walker may have some political motives in his mind. The justices of the supreme court, six of whom voted against recommending a pardon, have more knowledge than any one in New’ York who may have been affected by uncontrolled propaganda in favor of Mooney.” In the first place, Captain Goff made a rather bad slip in regard to fact. It so happens that the 6-1 vote of the supreme court, to which Captain Goff refers, relates to Billings and not to Mooney, i But let us pass this over with no further notice and get at the real kernel of Captain Goff’s contention, namely, that those who know the facts about Mooney are convinced of his guilt. Perhaps the supreme court knows more about the Mooney-Billings case than Mayor Walker at the present writing. But would Captain Goff contend that it knows more than his own colleague, Duncan Matheson, captain of detectives and active head of the San Francisco police force? Captain Matheson was the officer assigned to handle the Mooney-Billings case back in 1916. Nobody could have been more familiar with the facts. On Jan. 25, 1924, Matheson wrote a personal letter to Tom contending that Mooney did not get a fair trial and was entitled to pardon. Among other things, Matheson said: "I was convinced firmly that Oxman should have been prosecuted for attempted subornation of perjury and acted accordingly, and notwithstanding his acquittal, I firmly believe now, as I did then, that he was guilty as charged. “Another witness, John McDonald, came to the lore during the investigation and testified for the prosecution and later admitted that he was influenced improperly and committed perjury. “That being true, I am convinced beyond any question of doubt that your rights were violated and that you were entitled to anew trial, and I fully concur in the opinion of the trial judge and the attor-ney-general. This is not possible now, because of legal limitations and your only available relief is executive clemency, to which I am convinced you fully are entitled." Has Captain Goff never read the dissenting opinion of Judge William H. Langdon, the ablest member of the California supreme court, in which he said: “Considered either as an argument of an advocate

The Indianapolis Times (A SCR I PFa-HOW ABO NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolia, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents —delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. Mall subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W HOWARD. E\RL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley SMI FRIDAY NOV. 27. 1931. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asso elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

or as a Judicial review of the evidence, the consolidated majority report (of the supreme court) is unsound and indefensible ... I do not know whether Billings is guilty or innocent of the crime with which he is charged. I do know that there has been a failure of proof to such extent that there is now not even the semblance of a case against him. Upon the record now before us, a recommendation for executive clemency justly can not be withheld.” * But, most relevant of all, does Captain Goff fail to recall that on April 12, 1924, he himself wrote a letter to Mooney in which he said: "Since the trial, events have occurred that very strongly indicate that both of these witnesses (Oxman and McDonald) were influenced by questionable motives and that their testimony was of little, if any, value. Furthermore, if I were a Juror sitting in the case, I would not, in my present frame of mind, consider their testimony for a single minute when • a human life was being weighed in the balance. “With the two vital witnesses discredited, I think the only fair thing to do is to state that I do not think you had a fair and impartial trial as guaranteed by the Constitution. “Anew trial being now impossible, owing to legal limitations, I believe you are entitled to executive clemency, the only real relief obtainable under the circumstances.” It is hard to see how Mayor Walker needs anything more than Captain Goff’s own letter to justify his trip or to secure the results he seeks. A Progressive Governor You can’t patch up a damaged engine with twine and glue and expect it to run again, but most of our government and business executives apparently don’t know this. Governor Philip F. La Follette of Wisconsin is an exception. Calling his legislature into special sessoin, he has proposed to its members that they recognize what has happened to the economic machinery and then supply it with some new parts designed, if possible, to prevent another wreck. Men living in modern society must procure goods from other men to live. They can not exchange potatoes direct for shoes, or corn for a plow, so they use money to accomplish the trade. But if a few men own most of the money in the country, how are the others going to get what they need? “The monoply system always has acquired ownership of so much of our wealth and thereby receives such a tremendous portion of the medium of exchange that the rest of us can not do business with each other,” says La Follette. “Our problem is the redistribution of purchasing power to enable our population to receive enough of he medium of exchange, money, to do business. So La Follette pproposes to lower taxes on general property, which are collected from the man of small means, and increase income taxes which are colected from prosperous citizens. This will leave the man with little money more to spend for the products of business. “But those in actual want can not wait while we ;reate some ideal system of distribution of either inome or the necessities of life,” says La Follettee. So le proposes that a sufficient part of the wealth colected from income tax payers we spent for public .vorks or distributed where necessary for quick relief. He earnestly points out that wage cuts, by reducing till more the money available for trading, will agravate the very trouble which must be cured. Wisconsin is feeling the depression less today than my other state in the union. La' Follette says this is oecause Wisconsin for many years has been attempting to redistribute its income, and its tax burden. Wisconsin formerly raised 90 per cent of her taxes from property. Now she raises only 66 per cent this way. The things La Follette proposes now are not untried theory. They have proved their worth. Albert Fink, attorney for A1 Capone, was held up and robbed. Convincing him, no doubt, that the one sure way to understand the underworld is to shoot the works. And now they’re developing a plane to go 1,000 miles an hour. Getting so a man won’t have any excuse for not getting home in time for supper. Will Durant says the home has been destroyed by science. Well, science will have to fight that honor out with prohibition. An astrologer says Tunney’s son will like wine, women and song. Goodness! And with the country dry, too. England has imposed a 50 per cent luxury tax on such “abnormal American importations” as silk stockings. Probably regard them as sheer nonsense. A wife said she would return to her husband if he wouldn’t nag. But that would be a horse on him. Headline: “Comb Wood for Hunter.” Sort of getting him down to a hare. *

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

ACCORDING to a good many current movies, it is easy to make fools of men. The lives of the joy girls are pictured as one long series of male conquests. Every time the heroine leaves her husband’s home (and this invariably is the result of cruel treatment and never from natural inclination), she climbs immediately to the top of the profession of lady about town. In the next scene we observe her clad in elaborate silken nighties, on a bed heaped with laae pillows, her very much exposed form sinking into the depths of down and satin coverlet. She is showered with flowers and jewelry and her gowns are staggeringly expensive in appearance. With bored and scornful mien, she has mobs of men languishing at her feet. She takes them or leaves them, according to her high-handed whims. Now I protest that this sort of thing is dangerously misleading to women. By and by they are certain to get the idea that the wages of sin are platinum and gold, and also that men in general are very generous with their money. Both conclusions are erroneous. u tt tt IT IS a matter of cold, hard fact that women who get their living by these methods very seldom are carefree, contented, or even comfortably affluent. As a general thing, they live a hand to mouth existence. Unless a woman of this sort can prevail upon some lover to marry her, or is blessed with a particularly strong character, she will end disastrously. For I believe it is only fair to the men to point out that they spend the bulk of their money on their families. It is the wife who gets the lion’s share of love and cash. The business of promiscuity does not pay, either in spiritual or material returns. Leaving out the moral aspect entirely, It is the poorest profession for women.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Since 192 b Germany Has Been Shifting Her Debt, With France Getting the Cash While We Get the Credit. NEW YORK, Nov. 27.— Once more experts are called in to study the reparations problem and provide what every one hopes, but few believe, will be a permanent solution. Theoretically, it is the same old problem, but practically it has undergone some very marked changes. ~ France still persists in the illusionment that the treaty of Versailles is being carried out, while w r e persist in an equally curious one to the effect that reparations and war debts have no connection. Asa matter of record, France has been compelled to whittle down her account against Germany to about one-fifth of what she originally planned to collect, while Germany, by paying off the account with borrowed money, has shifted a large portion of what she owes from France to America. a a Everybody's Creditor AT the end of the war, Germany owed us practically nothing. Now she owes us nearly two billion dollars in long, or short term notes. That money represents a large percentage of what she has paid out in reparations. It requires no expert knowledge to understand that if the process continues, we shall be holding the bag. At present, we could force a considerable cut In reparations In exchange for reduction of the debts which allied nations owe us, but if Germany pays off reparations by borrowing from us, the time will come when we shall be everybody’s creditor and have nothing to swap. a a tt Reason Is Obvious YOU are hearing a lot about the “private” loans which Germany owes as opposed to reparations. England wants these private loans given priority over reparations in any plan of settlement that may be formulated, while France wants reparations given priority. The reason for this difference is obvious. England never has placed much faith in reparations. On the other hand, she has been quite generous in making loans to Germany, especially during the last five or six years. France, though, allotted the lion’s share of reparations and consequently, having the biggest stake in German recovery, has loaned very little. a it tt We Get the Credit AS things now stand, France has advanced only 5 per cent of the cash which Germany has borrowed on long-term paper since 1924 and less than 7 per cent of what she has borrowed on short term paper, while American bankers have advanced 55 per cent of the former and 37 per cent of the latter. Since 1924, Germany has borrowed about four billion dollars, all told, from abroad, which is rather more than she had paid out in reparations. In other words, she merely has been shifting her debt, with France getting the cash, while we get the credit. The same situation prevails as between France and several neutral countries that have been liberal in their advances to Germany. It Can’t Go On GERMANY’S debt is no longer the simple matter of what was imposed on her for war damages. The United States, England, Tolland, Sweden and other countries now have the right to a voice as among her heavy creditors. Whether reparations still can be considered as representing a problem which has no bearing on allied debts to us, they certainly can not be separated from debts which Germany has contracted in order to pay them. Neither can the world go on floundering around in an economic morass for the sole purpose of keeping the unjust, impractical and unenforceable treaty of Versailles alive. If the last twelve years mean anything at all, they mean that the statesmen wha drew up that treaty failed to appreciate how deep the plot of debt had become, and how hopeless its liquidation was, without radical cuts, or cancellations.

Questions and Answers

What are the names of the independent cities in the United States? Baltimore, Md.; St. Louis, Mo., and the following cities in Virginia: Charlottesville, Clifton Forge, Alexandria, Staunton, Lynchburg, Petersburg, Winchester, Richmond, Martinsville, Radford, Suffolk, South Norfolk, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Danville, Hopewell, Roanoke, Buena Vista, Harrisonburg, Fredericksburg, Newport News and Bristol. Did Ethel Barrymore ever appear in motion pictures? She appeared in them years ago. Some titles of her productions were “The Nightingale,” “The Awakening of Helena Ritchie.” “The White Raven,” ‘The Lifted Veil,” "The Whirlpool,” “An American Widow,” “The Eternal Mother,” “Lady Frederick,” “Our Mrs. McChesney” and “The Divorcee.” Did Lon Chaney ever make a talking picture? He made one all-talking picture, “The Unholy Three,” just before he died. Previously he had appeared in the talking version of “The Phantom of the Opera,” but remained mute himself most of the time. How old is King George V of England? Sixty-six years. Is Purdue university in Indiana a state-supported institution? Yes. Who played the role of Mary Jane in “Huckleberry Finn?” Charlotte V. Henry. What is the oldest university in the United States? Harvard, founded in 1636. Have coffee grounds and tea leaves any value as fertilizer? No.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Vitamin G Is No Senility Preventive

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE original vitamin B is now split up into two vitamins which have been called F and G, also vitamins B 1 and also vitamins B and G. In a recent survey of what we now know about vitamin G, Professor H. C. Sherman of Columbia university emphasizes that it certainly is not a panacea for the prevention of premature senility and the falling of hair. On the other hand, a lack of vi*rmin G in the diet will bring about a condition of malnutrition, which may contribute to premature senility. In their studies of vitamins, the experts carry out most of their investigations on rats. It has been estimated that a month-old rat cor-

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—Reports from some forty-nine community fund drives in as many citie- over the country indicate that relief for the unemployed and other deserving dependents, is being liberally provided—on paper. The same reports, however, also disclose that 70 per cent of the necessary funds for actual relief must come from state and municipal treasuries. Evidently, the Hoover dictum that each community must care for its own unfortunates —to avoid any increased taxation of those whose incomes run into the higher brackets —is being put across with precision and alacrity. Thanks to the ability of Mr. Gifford—the greatest little co-ordinator since John Hancock — to do big things in a big way, the small fry will supply the cash required to prevent widespread suffering/ leaving the inflated bank rolls of the wealthy available for next year’s campaign funds. So far, everything seems to be working out to the entire satisfac-, tion of the powers that be, at least here in Indianapolis. Recently much emphasis has been placed on the claim that more than 65 per cent of the local Community Fund’s budget is contributed by wealthy citizens. To be sure, certainly, absolutely. Obviously the process is quite simple. In not a few instances at least, owners of stores, factories and other commercial enterprises, while affecting great solicitude for the needy, have cast in of their abundance, exacted the workers’ mite under duress, and then" cut the wages of their employes from 10 to 30 per cent —to insure themselves against any financial embarrassment by thus subsidizing “sweet charity.” Just why the much stressed “Godgiven responsibility” of relieving the distress of those unable to care for themselves should devolve solely on the salaried artisans, wage earners and small tradesmen, is not exactly clear to the ordinary wayfaring man. But both political expediency and hard-headed business policy seem to render it imperative that any bread cast upon the waters of depression by the Class 1Special Gift boys, must be returned with a profit—and that before many days. Radio notoriety, newspaper publicity and big hunks of unearned increment may temporarily satisfy the vanity and the avidity of the “private charity” exploiters: but the incisive notations jotted down by the Recording Angel may not certify that any lasting treasures have been laid up “where moth and rust doth not corrupt, nor thieves break through and steal.” I CONOCLAST. Editor Times—What has happened to that old Hoosier smile? That handclasp? That good old friendship that at one time existed? Hoosier friendship has been known the world over as the greatest on earth. Are we going to let hard times blot out- all these good qualities of these good old Hoosier people? Even though there are thousands of people out of work, there are still a few who can smile. A great change has come in the last few years. Friends seem to be farther apart. Instead of greeting a fellow man with a friendly

The Rain Maker

responds to a child about 3 years old. If a rat one month old is placed on a diet which is efficient in every other way but deficient in vitamin G, it shows sooner or later a stunting of its growth, usually accompanied by diarrhea. Then it develops a sore mouth and falling of hair around the eyes or from the shoulders and back. With this there gradually comes a generally weak condition, an apprehensive attitude and fairly sufficient disturbance of digestion to bring about death. It has not been established specially that vitamin G is the pellagra-preventing vitamin. On the other hand, the conditions produced by a deficiency of vitamin G are the type of condition appearing in pellagra; namely, rough, red areas of the skin, diarrhea and similar disturbances.

handclasp, they seem to shun one another. We should all bear this depression and try to make the best of it. We should live in hope that it will soon be over. Maybe it won’t be long before work will open up. Prosperity may be with us as never before. The streets will shine with sunny smiles. The mark of depression will be ironed out of each face. Everybody will be happy. Our good old home sweet home will be filled to capacity with the richest of blessings. The old fireplace, which barely kept us warm, will be rekindled and brighten up our hearts with happiness. Our tables will bear a greater bounty than ever before. We will have all the comforts of life that we once shared in days gone by. Let us be hopeful, more sincere, more prayerful, and thank the Lord that we are doing so well. FREDERICK OMER RUSHER. Editor Times —Your paper should be in the hands of all rural readers, as it gives the facts pertaining to every question concerning the public and enlightens in regard to the laws of our state and nation, with no favoritism shown any individual or group. That is what we like, the truth, as we have been fooled too much in past years. We all notice in the paper that there are quite a few politicians out fixing their fences, for the primary next spring. We farmers, when it comes to politics, are just about the size of one of those western grasshoppers when it comes to those big politicians who know. Most all classes of people have gotten their eyes open and their thinking caps on, and have decided that they have just about been “politicianed” to the poor farm. Don’t think they will give those fellows’ barnstorming ideas very much credence at the next primary and election. We understand that Paul 'McNutt, head of the Indiana law

M TODAY .sg Sf* IS THE- Vs ' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

ACTION ON ALL FRONTS November 27. ON Nov. 27, 1917, action was reported on the western front, in the Italian campaign and in Asia minor, and the Germans and Australians closed the last Swiss frontier. On the western front the British retook part of Fontaine Notre Dame and advanced their Bourlon line. The Italians repulsed a massed attack between the Brenta and Piave rivers. Turko-German artillery shelled the mosque on the site of the tomb of the Prophet Samuel. In Petrograd, Russia, a conference was called of the leaders of all parties, including Milukoff and Tchernoff, at army headquarters to organize anew government. Information was received that German staff officers had arrived and were to act as advisors to Lenin.

It is quite likely that the body at birth contains some vitamin G exactly as it contains a store of other vitamins derived by the fetus from the body of its mother. Physicians now realize that the term “health” is a comparative term. There is a difference between buoyant or positive health, in which the human being is not only unaware of his body, but full of what the quacks call “vim, vigor and vitality,” and the condition of health which permits a person to do his work and take his usual interest in life, but always just a little below par. It is conceivable that proper feeding with adequate amounts of the necessary vitamins may be of the greatest importance in maintaining what may best be called positive health.

school, would like to be Governoi of Indiana. The last three Governors have educated the taxpayers plenty, and they are anxiously waiting for their diplomas, which I think they will receive at the next primary and election. We are looking for men for office who have retained some of the old-fashioned common horse sense, who can tell the other fellow’s dollar from his own, with each line of our industries h andled honestly and fairly and special privileges to none. T. W. CHILDS. North Vernon, Ind Editor Times—Wanted, statesmen. Must have executive ability, be thoroughly honest. Salary, $1 a year and an assured seat in heaven to the right man or men. Must be in a position to finance his own expense account and social position. Splendid opportunity for successful applicant to render his country a real service. • - Hoover’s proposed return to the tax levy of 1924 for clearing up the deficit in our budget is splendid, theoretically, but it won’t work. The little fellow can’t pay it and the big fellow is smart enough that he will find some way out of paying it. The burden will fall, as it always has. on the small business man whose numbers have dwindled dangerously, throwing many into the category of socially dependent, increasing the burden on the remaining small business men. What this country needs is another Alexander Hamilton to unravel the intricate financial affairs of the largest, most intricate and involved of all business, the United States government, and the pitiable thing is that we haven’t a man of his stripe in our whole organization. Name your list of wealthy men with brains. Gormandizers of money, all. Henry Ford, Firestone, John D. Rockefeller, Mellon not one would be willing to go to the fore for his country without a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. Our highest office holders are pikers, wastrels, bankrupting the country by their practices, shattering the confidence of the masses, breaking down the moral fiber of the country. God forbid Communism in this country, but please, God, show us the light. P. H. A.

COLUMBIA BRAND Look for this label on the next can of soup, chill—-con-carne, pork and beans, tomato juice or bottle of catsup you buy. You will get a richer quality. They will taste better. COLUMBIA BRANDS are made by THE COLUMBIA CONSERVE COMPANY, the Business without a Boss. Its workers own the company. They pay themselves wages every week on anew basis that prevents unemployment. They make better soups . because they have a better syscem of industry—a real democracy. 0 ON SALE AT ALL REGAL STORES

.NOV. 27, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Gold Probably Was the First Metal Known to Prehistoric Man, Followed by Iron and Copper. GOLD and iron were the first metals known to prehistoric peoples, in the opinion of Dr. Zay Jeffries, consulting metallurgist of the General Electric Company and the Aluminum Company of America. Dr. Jeffries recently discussed “The Romance of Metals and Alloys” at a conference of leading authorities upon alloys held at Case School of Applied Science. “Although we have no way of determining the early use of metals by mankind,” he said, “it seems probable thsrt gold was the first metallic substance known to many of the prehistoric peoples, and that a natural alloy of iron and nickel in the form of meteorites was the first known to other peoples. “The use of gold as an industrial metal is today and always has been limited. “Its principal use in early times was for ornamental purposes, and it gradually developed prestige in exchange until it has become the standard of the world for credit purposes. “On the other hand, the natural meteorites early were used for weapons, and the possessor of such a weapon had a great advantage ever his opponents. “When iron first was produced artificially is unknown, but it is probable in some places, at any rate, that its artificial production was prehistoric. At any rate, in very early historic times iron was produced for industrial and military purposes.” tt tt a Copper Before Iron? COPPER, in the opinion of Dr. Jeffries, was the next metal to occupy the attention of mankind. “The processes developed for producing iron artificially proved also to be of value in the production of copper and copper alloys,” he says. “In fact, in some localities where copper may have existed in the metallic state and ores of easily reduceable copper were available, the copper age may have preceded the iron age. “Mankind struggled along century after century, seemingly contented with the production of metals for ornamental and simple military and civil uses. From the available records it is clear that military activities were of chief importance in the early development of the metal industries. “Not only were many weapons made from metals, but eventually shields and coats of armor, both for men and horses, were the chief uses of metals. “Gradually through the ages the civil uses of metals have gained momentum until at the present time the military uses are greatly subordinated to civil uses.” Dr. Jeffries says that gold is the most romantic of the metals. “Our ancestors for centuries have sought and fought for gold,” he says. “Its existence, not only in the earth, but also that mined by the natives, was a major factor in the early conquest of the Americas by the whites. “Its discovery in California not only hastened the settlement oi the whole of the western part of North America, but was most helpful in establishing the unity of our nation.” It It u Use Is Vast BUT while gold is the oldest and most romantic of metals and still plays a mighty role in the affairs of the world, it is not an important metal from the standpoint of the metallurgist. Gold plays only a minor part in the vast utilization of metals in our modern mechanical and electrical age, says Dr. Jeffries. Dr. Jeffries points out how much modern civilization is based upon the use of metals. “We could not have radio without metals,” he says. “You perhaps have several metallic articles on your person—for example, a knife, watch, jewelry, coins and the like. “You are probably comfortably warm because of a heating system made largely of metal. “If you have electric lights, your room is connected with a powerful station by means of copper wires, and many metals, including the tungsten of the filament, are used in the construction of the electric lamp. “If you have a telephone, the instrument itself not only contains many metal parts, but it is connected with millions of phones all over the United States and adjoining countries by a nervous system of metal wires. “Or consider railway tracks which band the various communities of the United States together and form a peaceful tie with our neighbors as well. “Your automobile represents a ton or more of portable metal. Water and gas are carired into our homes and workshops in metal pipes. In short, we can not escape metal without escaping civilization.” Daily Thought He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.—Luke 1:53. Generosity is more charitable than wealth.—Joseph Roux.