Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 162, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 November 1931 — Page 4

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Modern Christianity Christianity, in this machine age, means stabilized employment and old-age pensions. This was the message of Frederick Landis, noted Logansport editor, to the Big Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. in this city yesterday. To those who profess great piety on Sundays and then appeal to Governors and legislatures to defeat social legislation of this sort, Landis will have no appeal. But to the workless man and those who look forward to age with fear and apprehension, his declarations have all the meaning of the Golden Rule. More and more we are forced to accept the belief that society can not be run on the basis of private charity and individual greed. Men have the right to earn their own living. They have the right to retain their self-respect. Begging In a world of plenty, even of surplus, is not conducive to spiritual elevation. Quite significantly crusades for both these purposes have been carried on by the Eagles lodge, which has pledged its support to legislation along these lines. The old age pension law, passed by the last legislature was vetoed by Governor Leslie. Perhaps the Landis view that it is really Christian In its concept and philosophy will guarantee that the next Governor will sign such a measure, for a measure of this sort is certain of passage at every session until it becomes the law and old age is robbed of one of its fears and civilization is rid of the barbaric almshouse as the one cure of poverty. The stabilization of employment will be a vital topic at the next session of congress. A bill looking in this direction was presented to ihe last session by Representative Louis Ludlow of this city and Senator Blaine of Wisconsin. Those who believe that Landis has a Christian outlook on life and is correct in his translation of its principles into modern terms might write the tvo senators from Indiana that they can help. Increasingly, there comes the belief that the teachings of the Master are not only a guide for the individual, but contain a philosophy for society that lifts men from jungle ideas and ideals. Charlie Fickert In 1894, big Charlie Fickert earned the acclaim of fellow-students at Stanford university as captain of his famous Hoover-managed football team. In 1916, he earned their condemnation, when as district attorney, he was party to one of the country's worst judicial outrages, the Mooney-Billings trials and convictions on perjured evidence. The year 1931 sees Fickert apparently gaining in wisdom. Whether the bitterness of the 1916 man-hunt has been tempered by the years or whether he is eager to win back national respect, Fickert now says he is taking no part against the pardon pleas being urged upon Governor Rolph of California for the release of Tom Mooney and Warren Billings. “I haven’t spoken to Governor Rolph about the Mooney pardon,” says Fickert. “He hasn't spoken to me about it. It’s entirely up to the Governor. I haven’t said anything about the case for a year.” Fickert, of course, should go farther, confess the unworthy role he played in 1916, and urge pardon for the pair he wronged. Evidently he does not consider them guilty of the crime of killing nine innocent persons or he would not profess to be willing to stand by and see them freed without protest. His attitude, however, is a cause for rejoicing. For It leaves the record clear of all open hostility among those of the old and savage prosecution. All the chief witnesses either have recanted or proved themselves liars. All the living jurymen, trial judge Griffin, the ex-chief of detectives Duncan Matheson, the present district attorney Brady—these are active pardon crusaders. There remain in the path only civic inertia and the reluctance of a state officially to admit the great wrong it has committed.

The Iron Heel Gratifying is the sweeping denial by the war department of reports that the federal government plans the use of troops in quelling unemployment demonstrations and that it is issuing extra rounds of ammunition to state national guards for such purposes this winter. Nothing could be more provocative of disorder at home nor more damaging to our peace leadership abroad than the truth of such rumors. And now, It is hoped, state and local governments will make similar disavowals of plans to use the iron heel upon their desperate citizens. No nation on earth is less radical than ours. The Ihird winter of unemployment, wage-cuts and inadequate relief finds our millions of sufferers generally stoical, hopeful, and almost universally conservative. There are few more strikes and fewer men out on strike today than in normal years. Only some 15,000 out of the 40,000,000 American workers are Communists. History has shown that two things can turn orderly masses into enraged mobs—hunger and oppression. France proved this in 1789; Russia in 1917; the United States in 1930-31. Whenever, last winter, jobless demonstrators were given their legal right of assemblage and petition, the demonstrations were peaceful. Whenever the police used billies, tear gas, guns and other strong-arm methods, riots resulted. Doubtless this winter will see similar demonstrations. It is natural and right that men protest when they reach the limit of human endurance. They will not seek to overturn their government, burn, or destroy—unless goaded to desperation by brutal governmental methods. There are two ways to meet protests. The protesting citizens may be treated as fellow-human beings upon whom misfortune has fallen, permitted to meet and parade their own streets, given temporary jobs and emergency relief, granted what measure of justice it is possible to give or they may be turned into enemies of society by stupid and cruel officialdom. The first way is the humane way—and the safe way. Another Myth Explodes When the depression began to be serious, much was said about the upsetting effect of congress. It was asserted that business would improve as soon as law makers went about their private affairs and left the industrial world to its own unknown remedies. A year passed and in the spring of 1931 business was decidedly worse instead of better. President Hoover firmly refused to call a special session of congress on the ground that a long recess from politics and interference was all the nation needed. So the legislative branch of government was rendered temporarily impotent. Yet for some reason

The Indianapolis Times ja gCßirrei-iiowAKD nett si* a per) Ownrd S nd published daily (except Sunday! by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., .14--J0 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Prire in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 32 cents a week. Ma 11 subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cent* a month. BOID GURLEI. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager I’HOXE—Riley 5531 MONDAY. NOV. IS. 1931. Member of United Press, Scrlpns-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

or other the looked-for rally did not take place. Business slid down lower and lower during months when seasonal gains, if nothing else, should have made themselves evident. The recess is over now and in three weeks congress will meet with the avowed intention of raising taxes, with Democrats in control of the house, with social welfare measures receiving strong support, with a long session in prospect, running until the time of the presidential campaign. And has business collapsed in the face of this prospect? Not at all. Wheat and cotton have begun their long-delayed comebacks, the price of silver is rising, bonds have taken a small upward turn, the number of business failures was less last week, the tendency to hoard apparently has been reversed, according to federal reserve figures. All these signs of cheer probably are not due directly to the reconvening of congress, but the fact that they make their first appearance just as congress meets should dispose of the notion that representative government is a blight upon prosperity and national well-being. Industry’s Job Compulsory unemployment insurance probably will come in the United States. Whereas in Europe nine nations have compulsory insurance laws protecting 45,000,000 workers, our own voluntary systems seem too puny to mention. After two major depressions and one minor one here since the World war, only thirty-five companies have job security plans for their workers. Today hardly more than 150,000 American workers are protected through the benevolence of their employers’ company plans. Hackneyed phrases about “rugged individualism” and “the American way” can not obscure this fact—either the workers of the United States will be fed upon charity’s costly and debasing “dole” during depressions, or they will be carried over by means of reserves built up from industry’s profits during good times. If industry fails to do for its workers what it does for its investors and its machines, then the government probably will force it to do so eventually. “I hate,” said Owen D. Young recently, “not only the term, but the idea, of coercion, yet we are forced to recognize that every advance in social organization requires voluntary surrender of a certain amount of individual freedom by the majority and the ultimate coercion of the minority.” America, seeking a workable plan, undoubtedly will flounder a bit. It may, however, draw upon the experiences of Europe, of forward-looking employers and unions, and of pioneering states. For instance, Frances Perkins, New York state industrial commissioner, following long study of various systems here and abroad, urges for America the partnerhip of states for creating and administering job insurance reserves.

Specifically, she suggests that seven industrial states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Ohio—unite under an “insurance authority,” like the New YorkNew Jersey port authority, to insure their workers against unemployment. Wisconsin has before its legislature an original measure, the Groves bill, to compel employers to insure Vorkers by plants and guarantee them ten weeks on half pay if the job runs out. The reserves are financed exclusively by the employers on the theory that this will force stabilization. Ohio and Michigan have pending measures similar to the model act of the American Labor Legislation Association, providing for worker-employer contributions. Last winter various bills were introduced into twenty state legislatures. Despite an anticipated adverse majority report by the special committee of the United States senate, Senator Wagner will press his measure for 50-50 federal aid to states for job security reserves. No insurance system can be effective completely unless it is national in scope, because the sources of depression unemployment are national, rather than local. A few states like Wisconsin, a few industries like Genera.l Electric, a few union-company systems like that of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers, can not stand alone. Just thirty years ago the first industrial accident law was passed. Today it is accepted generally that industry is responible for its injured workmen. Industry’s responsibility for making its workers’ jobs secure should be equally binding. If industry can afford to pay out $200,000,000 annually to injured workmen and their families it can afford the burden of caring for its victims of irregular employment. As Justice Brandeis says, the right of regularity of employment is co-equal with the right of regularity in the payment of rent, interest on bonds, or reserves for depreciation. And. he adds, “no business is socially solvent without it.”

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THE Sins of Madelon Claudet,” with Helen Hayes giving a superb performance in the title role, is the kind of picture that women love. It gives them a chance to enjoy an orgy of tears. The plot is one of those sure-fire East Lynn improbalities, with the noble mother refusing to disclose her identity, lest the son’s career be hampered. And when, toward the end, the heroine's poor old hands make that restrained maternal gesture of stroking the boy’s hair—well, the breaking point comes, and the ladies get right down to business and sob openly. This is the type of sentimentalism that has kept the male in mental swaddling clothes and the women in strait jackets. It has helped make the boys nar-row-minded and selfish, while the girls put too much stress on chastity and too little on common honesty. It may be that it has enabled a few women to be nobler, but frankly, I doubt it. a n n IN this sort of story the audience is expetced to understand and appreciate the nobility of a woman selling her virtue after many bitter struggles so that her son may attain success, but the son, poor sap, is not credited with that amount of intelligence. Being a man, he must be permitted to indulge in roseate dreams of a mother who always is beautiful and gentle, always good and pure. Now I, for one, question the merits of a love of that sweeping magnitude and the worth of such selfsacrifice. It looks as if any boy -who had it in him to amount to anything could stand knowing his mother’s identity and could buckle down and help her. without being hampered tremendously. Will the day ever come, I wonder, when we shall learn to judge women by the same simple standards of decency and humanity that we now apply to men? As it is, we are enmeshed hopelessly in a tangle of false sentiment and are the victims of a standardized morality that has made thralls of women and hypocrites of men. Well may we weep, if only for our departed common sense.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Though Difficult, the Trouble in Manchuria Is by No Means as Hopeless as the Doubters and the Cynics Would Have Us Believe. YORK, Nov. 16.—Once more the League of Nations will endeavor to clear up the Manchurian muddle. Though difficult, the task is by no means as hopeless as some of the doubters and cynics would have us believe. If the situation has grown somewhat tenser from a military standpoint, it has not failed to show distinct signs of improvement from that of diplomacy. A month’s study has served not only to give statesmen of the western world a better understanding of the issues involved, but to bring out some very important declarations and commitments, especially on Japan’s part. People must not allow themselves to be misled, or confused by incidents which are sensational, rather than significant. n n * There Is No War IN this connection, there are certain essential and well-known facts which it were just as well to keep in mind. First, neither Japan nor China has declared war. Second, though regular Japanese forces are in the field, they have been operating largely against irregular Chinese forces. Third, Japan officially has admitted China’s sovereignty over Manchuria and has denied any intention of violating that sovereignity. Fourth .Japan has asserted that her only object is to restore such a degree of order as will enable her to exercise her treaty rights in peace.

Taking Nippon’s Word TAKING Japan’s own word for it, there should be no insurmountable obstacle to formulating a modus vivendi in Manchuria which would be fair to all parties concerned and which would protect all interests, until such time as the treaty rights now in dispute can be defined and adjusted. It would be absurd, of course, for Japan to withdraw her forces without dependable guarantees that her property would be safeguarded and her concessions respected. No government on earth would do such a thing under existing conditions. The first duty of the League of Nations, as a judicial body, is to find some method of maintaining order in Manchuria pending settlement of the points in dispute. * * a Must Have Proof IT is all right for men on the street to argue that Japan has no right to be in Manchuria, that war exists because there has been fighting, that the Kellogg pact has been violated, and that the League of Nations ought to call a boycott, or take some sort of drastic action. Such assertions and assumptions have no legal status as yet, and if we are going to set up a reign of law among nations, we must begin by recognizing sound legal principles. Japan has stated that she has not declared war and does not intend to declare war on China. She also has stated that she is prepared to recognize Chinese sovereignty in Manchuria. The League of Nations must either accept those statements, or disprove them in a legal way.

Fair and Practical CHINA has appealed to the League of Nations because of her very helplessness. She can not defend her rights in Manchuria against .Japan any more than she can defend them against the independent leaders and bandits. China is in no position to guarantee the maintenance of order in Manchuria if the Japanese were to withdraw, except she is given outside help, or an agreement can be reached with a majority of independent leaders. This is the most perplexing phase of the entire problem, but'it is one which the League of Nations must work out if it hopes to arrange a peaceful settlement. . It has been suggested that a commission be created to study the situation on the ground and that an international patrol be set up if no other way of guaranteeing order can be found. Both suggestions are fair, practical and constructive.

M TODAY js& At is the- s v' WORLD WAR \ ANNIVERSARY

COL. HOUSE STATEMENT Nov. 16

ON Nov. 16, 1917, Colonel E. M. House, chairman of the American commission sent abroad to consult with the allies, declared in London that America would not be represented on the political end of the supreme allied war council, and whether she would be represented on the military end remained for President Wilson to decide. The French war office gave out a statement concerning the AustroGerman offensive on the Italian front: “The Germans have greatly exaggerated the importance of the Italian defeat. The Italian armies are far from being defeated. “The Second army only has seriously suffered. On the 24th of October a violent offensive of the Germans between Prezzo and Tolmino took the position of the Kolovist and gained the high valleys of Judrio and Natisone. “On the 25th and 26th, after the loss of Matajur and Mont Magior, the Second army fell back, first on the Tagliamento and then on the Piave. The line of the Piave is actually solidly held.” Henry Ford was appointed assistant general manager of the United States Emergency Fleet Corporation. What is the per capita wealth of the United States? The latest estimate of the national industrial conference board is approximately $3,000.

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Many Are Unwitting Typhoid Carriers

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. BETWEEN March ll and March 30, 1931, according to a report by E. Garrido-Morales and O. Costa Mondry, ten cases of typhoid fever, one of which was fatal, developed in the- town of Guayama, Porto Rico. Eight of these cases were in three households belonging to a wealthy family and two cases occurred among employes of a grocery store owned by this family. An investigation indicated "hat all of these cases developed from drinking water that came from one cistern. Four of the patients affected were male and six were female, five were under 10 years of age, and five were over 20 years of age. Os the eighteen people who habitually used the water from this

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H BROUN D

NEWSPAPER editors are fond of falling back on the ancient man, dog and bite line when they attempt to tell inquirers the underlying nature of headline material. But, though this definition of Dana’s often has been repeated, it is not followed by the journalists themselves. For instance, I observe in a current paper a two-column head reading “Dr. Van Dyke passes quiet day on his seventy-ninth birthday.” Applying the familiar formula, this isn’t new at all and should be buried in a paragraph. On the other hand, if it were possible to announce “Dr. Henry Van Dyke spent his seventy-ninth birthday touring the night clubs of New York, accompanied by Texas Guinan,” that would be what I should call a story. I single out Dr. Van Dyke merely because his quiet birthday happens to be the current item. For years I have deplored the emphasis placed upon the placidity and sobriety of the anniversary celebrations of our mature citizens. Once every twelve months we are informed that John D. Rockefeller made no whoopee in honor of his natal day. And so it goes with the rest of the veterans.

Spending Birthday Noisily TO change this rather stodgy recital of stay-at-home lowjinks I purpose and plan to adopt an entirely different program after I have passed the 70 mark. Fired by ambition, like all young men, I turn my thoughts to the hope that after 60 or 65 I may begin to make my mark. By then several unwritten novels will have been published and at least a couple of plays. This will suffice to make me eligible copy for the inquiring reporters. And my eightieth birthday will be marked by a carouse in an open barouche driven slowly through Central park. In the evening I will watch the Ziegfeld Follies from a stage box, and later attend a party at which I plan to drink champagne from the slipper of the leading lady. That I present as my notion of adequate material for a news story *>f an octogenarian's birthday. u * tt New-Fashioned Hospitality ALTHOUGH I am not among the most ardent partisans of Theodore Dreiser, either as a novelist, I want to get myself on record as saying that the court proceedings against him in Kentucky represent about the smallest of small potatoes. Quite obviously the local authorities are endeavoring to draw a scarlet herring across the trail of an economic problem. It may be that Dr. Dreiser is not the most dispassionate of investigators. But out of what he heard and saw in the coal fields enough will stick to indict the indutsry and the system under which it operates. Without doubt the immorality charge is the most flimsy of frameups. But, even beyond that, the whole proceeding is totally irrelevant. The charge that Theodore Dreiser, at his age, clapped vine leaves in his

The Weak Link

cistern, nine developed typhoid fever, and out of twelve people using the water from the cistern occasionally, one developed typhoid fever. Among the nine of the eighteen who did not develop typhoid fever, one had had the disease before, and two had been inoculated with antityphoid vaccine. None of those who had developed the disease had been immunized against it. When the health authorities decided to study the source of the infection, it was found that the cistern ‘measured twelve by eight feet by eight and was made of concrete. It was located in the back yard of one of the houses. There was a crack in the wall of the cistern about two feet below the ground level of a neighboring alley. About twenty-five feet from the cistern was a flush toilet, connected to a septic tank and used

hair has nothing on earth to do with the more important subject of bread in the bellies of starving workers. n a Business of Government T NEVER have believed in Mr. Hoover’s theory that unemployment relief should be carried on through the medium of private agencies. It is my contention that a national crisis is very properly the business of the national government. I am not so doctrinaire that I would oppose emergency relief, even though that relief did not touch the fundamental causes of poverty. But I do object to the attempt to force from even the most, hard-pressed toiler his own mite. The argument against public work on any vast scale has always been that such expenditure would place too heavy a burden upon the taxpayer and stifle American industry. But the present drive does hamper vitally many who live on the very edge of the sustenance line. In a New York office building the scrubwomen were called together and a distinct hint imparted that it would be an excellent thing for each of thorn to contribute a day’s pay to the relief fund. Just how strong

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times —I have read with a good deal of interest your many editorials and articles concerning public utlities’ rates in our city and state. I also noted in your columns with considerable interest the things that happened at Amarillo, Tex., a few days ago, where the citizens, collectively, refused to patronize public utnties, where the rates were not reasonable. Asa suggestion to you, I wonder if it would not be a fair proposition to advocate the idea of “collective bargaining,” in this affair at this time, and I think there are thousands and thousands of people who could be enlisted to join an organization of that kind, who would authorize someone to carry on “collective bargaining” with the public utilities, with a view that a fair rate could be fixed upon the “over all” cost of one-eighth mill. It is notoriously known, however, though presumed to be an open secret, that the “over all” cost of public utilities is practically oneeighth of a mill, whereas, the rates charged are as high as 7 cents to 12 cents. If the people of this city and state were organized into a club —we will say, a civic club —and would delegate their powers and authorities to some person, or a committee of persons, fully authorized and empowered to negotiate a rate with the public utilities, it is my opinion that this matter could be adjusted amicably and speedily. I, for one, am in favor of this plan and in that way we would not be troubled with any expense of hearing, and the whole thing could be organized speedily, and a committee of representatives agreed

by a family living in a nearby house. Twenty gallons of water and four ounces of methylene blue were poured into the toilet. In twenty minutes the methylene blue was found in the cistern. The family which had the flush toilet had moved there on Nov. 12, 1930. Two of the members of this family, a woman 50 years of age, and her daughter, said they had typhoid fever five years before. Examinations were made of the excretions of these two people and typhoid germs were recovered from two of the seven specimens taken from the older woman. In practically every instance some person who previously has had the disease is spreading germs, and people who come in contact with him do not even suspect that he is contaminating his surroundings with typhoid organisms.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

the intimation may have been I do not know. But at least one woman in the group felt that it was mandatory and explained her reluctant contribution by saying: “Well, I suppose it is better to lose one day’s pay than six.” And I feel that in other business establishments men and women who were not in a secure position to give anything at all have been dragoned into line. It is all part of that sophistical sort of stuff which begins with the announcement that everybody in the organization from Mr. Goofus, the president, down to the office boy is to take a 10 per cent cut on account of the depression. Now, obviously, if Mr. Goofus has to struggle along on $90,000 a year instead of SIOO,OOO he is making no sacrifice comparable to that of Tommy, the office boy, who is to get $9 a week instead of $lO. Public relief must be based on increased revenues. But I feel that taxation ought to fall where it logically belongs—in the higher brackets of the income of those who can and should afford to pay the burdens of the slump. After all, those who prospered through the boom are those who should be made to shoulder the responsibility for slack times. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times l

upon. It is my honest opinion that rates could be reduced to a normal earning before Christmas. This may not be anew suggestion; however, it may not have occurred to you lately, and very likely would be of interest to the public to know about it. H. M. What is the size of a regulation baseball diamond? Ninety feet square. What does the Latin phrase, “quo vadis,” mean? “Whither goest thou?”

Do You Believe — That happy, contented, courageous workers will produce a better product than will those who are afraid, anxious and disturbed? At the Columbia Conserve Company no worker fears the loss of his job. The workers own and control the company. No worker fears the expense of illness. Full medical and dental care is provided from company funds for workers and dependents. No worker fears a lay-off or a slack season. Wages are paid on the basis of a pay envelope every week throughout the year. The result shows in the best soups, the best chili con came, the best catsup, best pork and beans and the best tomato juice. If you aoubt this ask for COLUMBIA Brands. On sale at ALL REGAL STORES. (Ask a Regal Grocer for Our Booklet “A Business Without a Boss”)

NOV. 16, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Jet of Water Cuts Its Way Through Bar of Steel in Amazing Experiment, in G. E. Laboratory . A TINY jet of water such as issues from a kitchen faucet can be used, under proper conditions, to cut through the hardest steel. The experiment has been performed at the Westinghouse research laboratories in East Pittsburgh, and is one of a number being carried on there in a study of the behavior of metals. In the experiment, steel bars are attached to the nm of a revolving wheel so that as the wheel goes around the steel bar passes through the jet of water at each revolution. The wheel is speeded up until it is making 20,000 revolutions a minute. In other words, the bar is traveling around at a speed of thirteen and one-half miles a minute. At this speed, the tiny jet of water eats away the steel as a mouse gnaws cheese. Samples of stainless iron and nickel steel are gnawed through in five or six minutes. Stellite, a particularly hard steel, lasts ten minutes. Iron nitride, which is almost as hard as the diamond, lasts twenty minutes. The experiment is of interest to the Westinghouse engineers, because it illustrates why the revolving blades in steam turbines deteriorate. These blades, revolving at high speeds, knock against drops of water which are the result of the condensation of the steam.

Fatigue of Metals THE behavior of metals is one of the many subjects under investigation by the Westinghouse research laboratories. Particular attention is being paid to the stresses and strains which are set up in metals when they are made to bear weights or used as the moving parts of machinery. One extremely interesting phase of the research is a study of the pnenomenon known as “fatigue of metals.” Metals seem to have a way of behaving that is much like human beings. They grow tired. Thus, for example, a metal part of a machine which is capable of standing a severe occasional load, finally may give way and break as the result of a very small force which recurs incessantly. It is just as if the metal part finally grew tired or weary and sust gave way. A comprehensive study of the matter is being made at the Westinghouse laboratories with the aid of a long row of machines which subject samples of steel and other metals to various tests. The samples, at various temperatures, are bent, pulled, or twisted until they break. Sometimes a sample is subjected to more than 10,900.000 twists. Another phenomena under investigation is the “creep” of metals. This is the yielding of heated metals to steady heavy loads. The metal gives under the steady pull just as taffy or tar would give, except that the amount of yielding is less and takes longer to manifest itself.

Sand Tells Story ONE of the experts at the Westinghouse laboratory working on the subject of stresses in metals is Dr. A. Nadai formerly of Gottingen. Germany. He finds that steel becomes plastic like clay when stressed beyond certain limits. Dr. Nadai has worked out mathematical methods of calculating the amount of stress in various shaped parts of machines. He also has demonstrated a simpler graphic method for arriving at the same results. It is merely to pile sand upon the part- of the machine. The heap of sand takes a form which corresponds to the varying stresses in the steel. Another method used by the Westinghouse laboratories to study stresses in machines is to build models of the machine parts out of celluloid or some other transparent material. Polarized light, that is light which consists of vibrations in one plane only, is passed through the model. Wherever there are stresses or strains in the celluloid model, the. polarized light is ■ distorted and so colored bands of light appear in the model which indicate where the stresses and strains exist. This method is used to study many interesting phases of industrial work. For example, it can be used to study the stresses which occur in rails under car wheels or in crane hooks when a load is picked up. All of the work on metals is extremely important today because of the new demands placed by industry upon metals. Machines are growing larger and being made to work at higher speeds. These facts put new demands upon machine parts and introduce new risks.

Daily Thought

For, behold, I create new heavens and anew earth: and the former shall not come "into mind. —lsaiah 66:17. Hope ever urges on, and tells us tomorrow will be better. —Tibullus.