Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 151, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 November 1931 — Page 6

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S(KIPPJ‘MO*VAMt>

A Sham Battle? p This fight between the Navy League and Presioent Hoover is beginning to look like a sham battle, in which only certain peace organizations may get hurt. The participants would have the public believe that the fight is over a great issue. We are inclined to doubt it. There is at least an even chance that the affair will end with a personal apology by the head of the Navy League to the President, and that the President then will proceed, as he has done in the past, to approve a naval budget larger than any in the world. If there is an issue involved, how does it happen that the President, instead of fighting it out on the basis of facts regarding the navy, insisted Monday night on hand-picking a commission-to-force-an-apology? Assume, as is probable, that the ultra-respectable and usually patrioteering Navy League induces its head, Mr. Gardner, to apologize for the charge that Mr. Hoover displays “abysmal ignorance,” how will that settle any naval issue? If there is an issue of real naval reduction involved, how does it happen that President Hoover allows his subordinate. Navy Secretary Francis Adams, to use the typical Navy League propaganda in attacking the farms reduction efforts of the World Peace Foundation? Apparently about the only person convinced by the censorship methods of the President that a grave issue is involved is Dr. Libby, executive secretary of the National Council tor Prevention of War. Considering the fact that the President is responsible for the kind of navy which the Libby organization opposes, Mr. Libby’s sudden conversion to the Hoover tactics is amusing. Listen to Mr. Libby: “This is the showdown. Unless the country backs tip the President, America will be treated to a mad Von Tirpitz program, with another and more devastating World war . . . The National Council for Prevention of War is with and will stay with the President in his determination to resist and eliminate the attempted dictatorship, direct or indirect, by a subordinate branch of the executive department of the United States government.” If he means the Navy League, Dr. Libby forgets that it is a private organization with free speech rights in Jaw and justice, the same as any private peace organization. We have praised Mr. Libby when he had the courage to attack public officials sincerely, but it is rather surprising to find that he supports the President in trying to silence another propagandist on the other side of the fence. We believe Mr. Libby would be on more logical ground if he were seeking to protect Mr. Gardiner of Ihe Navy League with the words of Voltaire: “I disagree with everything you say, and will defend with my life your right to say it.” After all, the pacifists are more often in need of free speech than the militarists. Mr. Libby’s picture of an attempted navy department dictatorship is hokum. We can respect his sincere opposition to the navy policy. We can not respect his attempt to place the responsibility for navy policy on subordinates who are under absolute command of the President. Mr. Hoover is responsible. If “this is the showdown,” as Mr. Libby declares, how does it happen that the President is trying to punish Mr. Gardiner, a private citizen, instead of the Hoover subordinates, the admirals and Navy Secretary Adams? It does not look to us like a “showdown” but a “showup”—showing that Mr. Hoover is very thin skinned and that Mr. Libby is more anxious to protect the President than defend free speech. The Six-Hour Day More than 1,000,000 workers now enjoy the five-day week. The Kellogg company of Battle Creek, Mich., is pioneering in another reform—the six-hour day. This plant adopted the six-hour day nearly a year ago. It increased the shifts from three eight-hour units to four six-hour ones, adjusted wages so that the majority of workers received the old schedule, increased the base rate 121a per cent, and fixed the minimum at $4 for the new six-hour day. Immediately, officials say, efficiency increased. Less fatigued, the workers ended the day without showing the usual tendency toward careless work. The elimination of the meal period and its usual waste also increased efficiency. With 20 per cent more workers on its pay roll and with increased sales, due to strategic advertising, the plant is moving through what its managers say is the best business year in its history. Many Americans now living remember the old twoshift, twelve-hour day. All of us remember the fight made to prevent the coming of the universal threeshift. eight-hour day. Most of us doubtless will live to see this four-shift, six-hour day made universal. When this depression blows over, labor economists tell us. unless hours are shortened we will have 3 02,003 technological unemployed. Socially, the reform is imperative. And if one plant may sail profitably through a depi '.on year under the six-hour day, many plants may adopt it without fear of calamity. Is This Democracy? The folly of our system of elections never was more apparents than this fall. Five weeks from now, congress will assemble to deal with the most harassing problems that have confronted this country. But it will be a congress elected a year ago. The voters selected these representatives before they had any way of knowing of a large deficit in the federal treasury; before it was evident that additional taxes would have to be raised somehow this winter; before the President suggested a moratorium on foreign war debts; before wage cuts became general: before the railroads asked a freight increase; before relief for bankers had become a matter of national concern; before war threatened in the far east. The men and women elected in November, 1930, have no expression from the voters upon these vital issues. They will come to Washington and blunder along, with one eye on horn-' reactions, but with no mandate on which to shape . n intelligent course. We face this condition because a czaristic Republican majority in the house of representatives has refused to permit adoption of the Norris lame duck amendment to the Constitution. If this amendment had been incorporated into our laws, we would have been electing members of congress this November. They would have assembled in January, equipped to carry out the wishes of the electorate on the problems of the moment. J The different situation that now confronts us, of a senate and a house so evenly divided in membership

The Indianapolis Times (A BCKIPPS-lOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-22 U West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana. $3 a rear: outside of Indiana. 65 cents a month. BOYI* UIIRLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. eTulTd BIKER Editor President Business Manager PHpNfrrtUleV- 5551. TUESDAY. NOV. 3. 1931. Member of I nited Press. SScripps-lioward Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of (-Ireulatioos “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

between the two great parties that much time will be lost organizing and neither will control effectively, probably could have been avoided. If the new congress accomplishes nothing else during its coming session, it should start this muchneeded reform on its way to ratification. Congress is its own best argument for this action. Our Own War While we worry about Manchuria, the ParaguayEolivian dispute, the Polish corridor and other “situations,” let us not forget our own war in the coal fields of Harlan county, Kentucky. If you think this isn’t war, read what nineteen prominent defenders of civil liberties, headed by Dr. John Haynes Holmes, say in a letter to Governor Flem D. Sampson of Kentucky. Twelve persons have been killed in Harlan county and scores wounded, and 110 persons have been held for trial on charges of murder, criminal syndicalism and ‘banding and confederating,’ ” says this letter. “Yet no persons responsible for the violence against the strikers and their sympathizers have been apprehended.” In most wars, correspondents are treated as nonbelligerents. Not so in Harlan county, for two reporters have been shot and several deported from the battlefields. On Nov. 16 the Governors of nine bituminous coal states will gather at Pittsburgh to seek ways of bettering the economic status of soft coal. It is hoped that their first step will be to persuade the Harlan county operators to disarm and to follow the usual methods in vogue in a peaceful republic. Whose Fault? Perhaps little Hubert Nicholls will be as well off in prison for life as he would be outside. Certainly the picture of his environment, painted in the courtroom, is far from pleasant. But when a 12-year-old boy steals a gun, holds up a store, and kills the sheriff who catches him, something or someone is decidedly at fault, and it is not the boy. Foolish ancient taboos, that force us to stand by and permit the mentally diseased or unbalanced to produce children, are partly to blame. When we cast off this old inhibition, we will cast off at the same time a bitter load of misery and suffering. Young Nicholls was found legally sane, yet it seems that with the family and home conditions into which he was born, he never had a chance. A missing teller was arrested through a woman. Must have forgotten not to teller. Or as Russia might be hollering, “Shoot the works!” The depression may have ended chivalry in business, but in most bakeries nighthood is still in flour. Dressmakers say there’s plenty of business, but col- 1 lections aren’t what they seam. Monetary standards may be shaky, but all is not gold that jitters. “I like conversation with a kick,” says a writer. Could he mean speakeasies? Politically speaking, if the war didn’t make this country safe for democracy, the depression and the Republicans did. A headline says, “Brewer’s Daughter to Wed Lord.” Oh, Lord! India has 40,000,000 widows. If they were grass there’d be plenty of hey-hey. A love authority says women must take husbands as they are. But with icemen they can take their pick. George Washington threw a dollar across the Potomac, but many a man has thrown a party across the ocean. Those war-time dollar-a-year men would be glad to get that buck now. Now that election time is rolling around many a judge will recall he who judges gets judged. Most any man can measure up if he uses the golden rule. Your wet Saturday night is likely to start with “ring around the bathtub.” Captain Hawks may try to break Jimmy Doolittle’s 6oast-to-ccast record. He’ll have to do more than Doolittle. *

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A LETTER in the Washington News from a working married woman ends like this- “ Rather than be divorced from a position I have spent ten long, hard years in building up, I would be divorced, nominally at least, from my husband. lam not indifferent to the sufferings of others. I should be glad to help by working shorter hours or accepting a salary cut or paying extra taxes. But I will not give up my job.” That, I think, may be translated as an ultimatum from the modern woman. I feel reasonably sure that thousands of women rather would give up their husbands than know they never again could pursue their careers. Nor does this mean that they do not love as women always have done. It merely signifies that to all mortal work is the greatest and the lasting interest, and takes precedence over everything, even love. To many this will sound harsh and ugly defiance. But nothing will be gained by evading the truth. And the truth is that women love their work just as men do. They have tasted ;ha f freedom for which philosophers have died and they never will give it up without a struggle. a a a AND what could be more childish than to think we can bring back prosperity by firing all the married women? That is nursery .reasoning and marks us as the credulous believers of fairy tales. If we proceeded upon this simple-sounding theory we by and by should find ourselves in deep legal waters. For such logic, followed to its reasonable conclusion, would mean that every person who did not work from actual necessity should give his job to somebody who did. Then we should be obliged to police the population, lest any two members of the same family were wage earners. This procedure. I take it, would be resented hotly by men. But it would be just as fair as a sweeping ousting of all married women from the ranks of industry. Matrimony, after all, has nothmg whatever to do with the rights of a citizen. And today women are citizen;

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

West and South Jubilant Over Prospect of Dollar Wheat, but Think of the Boys Who Didn't Wait to Get It! NEW YORK, Nov., 3.—Only the other day, Governor William H. Murray of Oklahoma ‘was expressing doubt as to the great surplus of wheat and some other commodities supposed to be on hand. He frankly questioned whether there was so much to spare as some people thought and whether some of the information being spread around was not due to ulterior motives, or ignorance. It begins to look as though he might be right. Instead of dumping wheat on a I sorely beset world of capitalism, Russia will not export her usual quota. Os course, there can be only one reason for this. Russia needs all she has raised. Meanwhile, the crop in Argentina and western Europe has proved anything but over-abundant. The result is that prices are climbing, but the mystery is that nobody appears to have known actual conditions. tt tt it These Surprises Hurt HOW we can employ all the experts to gather data and make i such a bonehead guess is just one I more riddle of the efficiency system. It is only fair to excuse the expert fact-finders as far as Rusisa is concerned. About all they could j do is take her word for it and, according to her word, the five-year plan had succeeded so well, especially on collectivized farms, that humanity was about to be buried under a grain pile. There was no reason in the world, however, why more accurate information should not have been made available with regard to Argentina and western Europe. Candidly, these surprises hurt, particularly those who were moved to sell on a low market. • tt tt tt Given Wrong Impression THE west and south are said to be jubilant over the prospect of dollar wheat and dollar oil, but think of the boys who didn’t wait to get it, and who didn’t wait largely because people who are supposed to know and who are paid to find out didn’t warn them of the true situation. For one reason or another, the whole country has been led to believe that the wheat market was glutted hopelessly, that the federal farm board had just about busted itself trying to carry the load, and that there was little prospect of better prices. As one of the suckers who didn’t lose anything, this writer would like to know exactly how, or where, such impression originated, and why more wasn’t done to correct it. tt tt tt Too Interested in Europe MAYBE the geniuses who run this government were too interested in disarmament, the Manchurian situation, or saving Europe to notice what was going on. We certainly do not appear to lack for energy or interest when there is a foreign row to settle, a foreign land in trouble, or a foreign problem to solve. When it comes to farmers and unemployment, however, private enterprises, or local agencies are expected to shoulder the burden. One need not quarrel with that I idea to prove that our government should have known and could have known much more about the grain situation abroad. tt tt Succumbed to Bunk NO one knows how many wheat growers have frittered their season’s work away for lack of knowledge as to the real facts, or how many children will go hungry and cold this winter, while speculators fatten on the sudden advance in prices. Those who had learned to *be skeptical through bitter experience, and who were in a position to do so, undoubtedly held for a better market on general principles, but it is a foregone conclusion that vast numbers succumbed to the bunk, or the pressure, and that the pressure was increased greatly by the bunk. It Contains TANARUS, N, TANARUS, WE have been through this performance innumerable times. We used to lay it to Wall Street or the grain pit, but that was in the good old days when we had no federal farm board to take up the slack and no commerce department to keep us informed. Such losses as are due to lack of information that might have been gathered and broadcast come pretty near belonging to Washington. Washington can’t control crops in this country, or consumption in other countries, but it can find out the condition of both and report to I the people. That is what the people want, and that is what they are entitled to. The people do not expect to be taken care of by a paternalistic form of government, but they do expect to be given a fair resume of those situations in which they are 1 vitally interested, especially after they have been taxed to pay for it. I Os course, the south and west are rejoicing right now because of the immediate relief in sight, but wait until they have had time to think it over. There is political dynamite in this wheat situation.

Questions and Answers

Do the aggregate loans by banks and other institutions exceed the actual amount of money in the world? Credit extended by banks is about ten times greater than the available gold supply of the world. Were the mother and father of Henry Ford born in the United States? His father was born near Brandon. Ireland, and was of English stock. He came to the United States as a boy and finally acquired a *arm homestead at Greenfield, Mich., and married Mary Litoyot, a girl of Dutch descent, who was bom neat iX: ax born, Mich.

There’s a Sour Note in ‘The Spirit of ’3l’

gpfe ■ i ■: ,v :: j

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Reducing Beneficial With Right Diet

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and* of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE Scotch investigators, Drs. Dunlap and Lyon, found a very significant point in which every one who is overweight will be interested. It frequently is assumed that temperament is an important factor in causing overweight, and that the frequent rapid motions in which a high strung individual indulges during the course of twentyfour hours burn up fuel which the slower, easy-going people conserve and store in their bodies. The popular conception of stout people is that they are easy going and quiet. It was surprising, therefore, to find that about 60 per cent of the people who. are overweight claim to be of excitable and nervous disposition, and that only 10 per cent were phlegmatic. Any one who happens to know well an excitable fat person knows that an excitable fat person appears to be much more excitable than an excitable thin person. Per-

IT SEEMS TO ME

A READER, who will be known in this column as Mr. X., takes umbrage at what I wrote concerning beggars. It is his contention that practically all those who ask for alms are unwilling to work, even if opportunity offers. But his researches into this problem seem to have been conducted three or four years ago. It is my impression that the percentage of applicants would be far more numerous at the moment. Waiving that point, it seems to me that Mr. X. takes an unjustifiable attitude toward the unemployed. It is his notion that when one is down and out he should ask no questions whatsoever about the opportunity presented to him. I quote from the letter: “Conservatively, I would venture to say that during a period of eight years 1 have been approached by a thousand men saying, “Boss, would ya let me have a nickel for a cup of coffee?’ And my answer to each and every individual has been the same, ‘No! I will not give you a nickel, but I will give you a job.’ “Approximately half ask, ‘What kinda work is it, boss?’ “To which I replied, ‘Good, honest work.’ “ ‘How much will ya pay me?’ they mumbled. “ ‘Good, honest wages,’ was the answer, after which I gave them my business card, and they promised to report to my factory ready for work the following morning. But I have yet to see the first caffeine fiend ready to report for work.” tt tt tt At Least a Right to Ask IN such a situation my sympathy is almost wholly with the jobless. Even a man in difficulties has a perfect right to inquire what he is supposed to do. To me “good, honest work” is an evasive reply. And so is “good, honest wages.” The same point came up frequently during an effort which was conducted by this column some time ago in regard to the jobless. Several employers called upon us with the notion that here was a cheap labor market which would cut the prevailing rate. Bosses inquired as to skilled workers in various trades, offering about half of the established standard. I respected those men who would not leap at such opportunity There was something of unselfishness in their refusal. For I think that many had the honest feeling that any co-operation on their part in accepting a reduction would constitute a kind of scabbing. Nothing very much will be done for men and women out of work as

Daily Thought

Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, and burn incense unto their drag; because by them their portion is fat, and their meat plenteous.—Habakkuk 2:16. m a a WHEN half-gods go, the gods arrive .—Emerson.

haps it is merely the exaggeration of the movements of are overweight. In endeavoring to handle the 523 cases of overweight which they studied, the Scotch physicians gave each patient detailed instructions about reducing the diet. The amount of food taken varied from 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day, according to the activity of the patient. Short women who led quiet lives were given 1,000 calories a day; the more active women 1,200 calories a day, and the men 1,500 calories a day. Enough protein was supplied in the diet to take care of the repair of the tissue and the building of the body tiisue. The amount of sugar or carbohydrates given was enough to prevent undue feeling of weakness which a very low sugar intake almost invariably brings about. Thus the diet contained protein 66 grams; fat 38 grams, and carbohydrates 100 grams, giving a total of about 1,000 calories. There are now available numerous books of instructions which tell how to pick a diet according to the protein, carbohydrates and fat con-

long as the community holds to the notion that these people are in some way culpable. Many are willing to help only if the beneficiaries will abase themselves in one way or another. We never have been able to hit upon the same psychology which animates relief work accorded to sufferers from “acts of God.” tt tt tt Band Wagon Rolls Along FROM almost any point of view, the recent British election is tragic in its effect upon the affairs of the world. The phlegmatic British are a hysterical people. This is not the first stampede which has afflicted the English public. Even conservatively minded people are worried by the size of the Tory majority. It represents not the mature conviction of the voters but a passing panic. And if one may apply American political precedent to the situation in the British Isles such a preponderance of power is certain to lead to internal rifts and controversy. It seems assured that Great Britain is to have a protective tariff. And next to one high trade wall, the next worst thing is two. Tariff barriers breed as rapidly as rabbits. And in the immediate years to come we are, likely to see each nation shutting out the goods of the other. In such process there is small hope for international stabilization. The argument for reduction of the dole depended upon the theory that with decreasing costs of commodities a little less would have the

Where Was the Navy? The World war changed history. The influence of the great war will be felt for ages to come. Most boys and girls (as well as grown ups) know a good deal about the mobilization of four million Americans and the part played in the war by American troops. Few knew much, if anything, about the part played by the United States navy in the World war. It fought no great battles, bombarded no shore areas, and so there is nothing spectacular to remember about its part in the great war. But, without the navy, the army could not have participated in the war. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a carefully compiled bulletin, drawn from official government reports and files, which summarizes in brief but complete form the actual activities of the United States navy in the war. You will be interested in this bulletin, whether you are a student, a former “gob” or merely a citizen who wants to know. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin: - Dept. 153. Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, THE UNITED STATES NAVY IN THE WORLD WAR, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: , 9 NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

tent, and also with relationship to the total amount of calories supplied. Under these diets the patients lose on an average of 1.9 pounds a week, providing again that what the doctors call good physiologic bookkeeping is one of the best possible methods for reducing the weight. It was found that the effect of the weight loss on the general health of these overweight people was decidedly beneficial. In the majority of cases they felt better and were able to work more without loss in weight than previously. Particularly were they relieved of pains in the knees and in the feet, which were an evidence of the difficulty these structures were having in carrying the excess weight. When the treatment was discontined, most of the patients began to gain weight promptly. However, those who modified their diets and adjusted them to the amount of work they had to do were able to maintain their reduction in weight without great difficulty.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

same purchasing power as the old rate. But once England sets up a tariff wall, prices will leap in sympathy, and a diminished dole will prove to be insufficient to keep the unemployed from sheer starvation. tt tt tt A Backdoor Conviction IAM less enthusiastic than most commentators about the conviction and the heavy sentence imposed upon A1 Capone. The gang leader of Chicago is unquestionably an anti-social force and deserving of punishment. But I could wish that the move against him had been more frank and direct. Obviously, the heavy sentence is not imposed solely on account of his sins against the income tax ordinances. He is being made to pay the penalty for other crimes which the courts were not capable of handling. I would have liked it much better —and I think it would have been a far more cleansing case for the American community—if Capone had been tried directly upon those issues of violence and gang warfare which really lie beneath the surface of the present trial. It may be just as well to be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. But the other way is at least more forthright and more honest. (Copyright. 1931. bv The Times) What does the word aerostation mean? It is aerial navigation with the use of a sustaining gas that is lighter than air.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

.NOV. 3, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Insects and Microbes Arc Matt’s Worst Enemies and His Chief Condensers for Control of the Earth. nniNY things, not large tnings, eventually may determine the fate not only of civilization, but of man himself. i Man's chief enemies, whom he j must fight for possession of the earth, are the insects and the bacteria. Frequently, the two are al- ; lied, for many insects are germ carriers. Civilization has been an aid to both of men’s enemies for civiliza- ; tion has meant great agricultural development, large cities and inI creased commerce and travel. Large, well-cultivated farms only provide more food for man. They also provide more food for insects. | Great cities with their congestion make it easy for the spread of contagious diseases. Commerce and travel promote the transportation of both insect pests and disease-producing germs. The white man carried diseases to the Eskimo and the South Sea islander which they had not known previously. Asa result, they posj sessed no natural immunity and ; the havoc was tremendous. Similarly, shipments cf plants and food have carried insect pests from one country to another. These pests, introduced into regions where their natural enemies did not exist, have caused tremendous damage. The United States has suffered ! from many such insect pests, as for | example, the boll weevil. tt tt tt Bacteria Menace QCIENCE constitutes man's chiei weapon against these two enemies—the insect and the microbe. And both battles have this in common: Prevention is more important than cure. Governments maintain rigid plant quarantines to prevent the importation of insect pests. Public health measures are the most important items in the battle against germs. Most people regard health as a personal matter, something concerning themselves and their doctor. Certainly every family should have a physician whom it trusts. But public health measures are infinitely more important in the long run. If this were appreciated more widely, it would not be so difficult to obtain adequate financial support for city, county and state health departments. “Bacteria govern the length of man’s life and determine the part of the earth on which he may live ” says Professor J. E. Greaves of the Utah State Agricultural college. “They have defeated armies and destroyed cities; nations which have been the glory of the world have gone down before them. “The majority of individuals born today would enjoy health and live to old age were their bodies not invaded by microbes. They ar e no respector of persons, nor are they governed by the edict of rulers. “However, at the command of modern science they are commencing to relinquish their hold, and some of earth’s most fertile regions where in the past the risk to the visitor was greater than the visit to a battlefield, are being transformed into tropical health resorts.” tt tt a Research Unrelenting INCREASED scientific research is necessary for man to win his battles, for he can succeed only when he possesses knowledge. The first task in fighting a germ disease is to isolate the germ which causes it. It then is possible to carry out studies which may lead to methods of combating it. It is, of course, a fact that physicians are called upon to fight many diseases the cause of which Is not yet known and that they frequently treat these diseases with success. But every physician is looking forward to the day when more will be known about them. The first task in fighting an insect is to know all about the insect —its breeding habits, the various stages through which it passes, its feeding habits, its natural enemies, the diseases to which it is liable and so on. Insect pests can be fought in many ways. One way is to intro - duce another insect which eats the pests or its eggs. In some instances insects can be fought with a contagious germdisease. Insects inoculated with the disease are let loose in the fields to infect other insects. The importance of insect pests was pointed out recently by Professor Glen W. Herrick of Cornell university who lists thirty-five pests of prime economic importance which have been introduced into the United States since approximately 1750. These include the Mediterranean fruit-fly, the Mexican fruit-fly, the boll weevil, the peach moth, the Ja anese beetle, the Australian tom weevil and others.

M TODAY Mi IS THE- - SH> ' WORLD WAR ANNIVERSARY

FIRST AMERICANS KILLED

November 3

ON Nov. 3, 1917, three Americans were killed and five wounded in the first engagement in which American troops figured. These Americans were: Corporal James B. Gresham, Evansville, Ind • Private Thomas F. Enright, Pittsburgh Pa., and Private Merle D. Hay, Glidden, la. They were killed in hand to hand fighting when a small detachment of American infantrymen was attacked in the trenches by a superior force of Germans. The Americans were cut off by heavy barrage fire in their rear. A sergeant and a corporal and ten men were taken prisoners. The enemy lost some men. The dead were buried on the slope of a hill overlooking a small village ‘‘somewhere in France.” Simple markers were placed on their graves with the inscription: “Here lie the first soldiers of the great Republic of the United States who died on the soil of France for Ju&Uce *nd liberty, Nov. 3, 1917.”