Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 150, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 November 1931 — Page 4

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■reM I Ppj -HOWAMD

An Economic Council A year ago when Senator La Follette and other liberal* suggested that a national economic council might help our economic sickness, their plan was regarded as visionary and radical. In a year opinion haa changed. Today industry is looking with growing favor upon the idea. Some ol the mast efficient business men in the country have come to Washington during the last week to record, with the senate committee on manufactures, their willlingness that such plan be tried. This ia probably the most significant development of the hearings now in progress, the first governmental attempt to get at the root of our present troubles and correct them. It is true that some bankers who have testified before the committee have been cold to the national economic council idea. Their eyes have been fixd upon Europe and upon the need of restoring Europe’s buying power and private debt-paying capacity. Much of their treasure lies abroad and men’s hearts and thoughts are apt to follow their treasure. Industrialists, on the other hand, whether or not they engage in foreign trade, feel acutely the gravity of the problem at home, and the need of dealing with it intelligently. Some of them prefer to attempt this without the help of the government. Some of them feel that the government alone can tie together the many different elements in the economic situation which must be considered in forming competent opinion on any phase of it. Economists and social workers, without exception, have told the committee that ‘‘the job is so necessary it is going to be done somehow, soon.” If there were any doubt of this other than in the minds of the bankers, the appalling figures presented at the beginning of the hearings by E. A. Goldenweiser, chief of the federal reserve board’s division of research and statistics, and L. H. Sloan of Standard Statistics Company, would force unwilling belief. These men told the committee that the present depression is the longest and worst of history, that the national income is 25 per cent less today than two years ago; that a billion dollars is being hoarded; production is off 50 per cent; employment down at least 27 per cent, with a very large percentage of parttime work; farm prices have reached their lowest point; 1,234 banks have failed so far this year, and 3,300 commercial firms, including banks, have failed, an all-time high; interest payments on bonds valued at two billion dollars have been defaulted this year; the net income of corporations has declined by twothirds since 1929, and, after paying dividends this year, their reserve funds show a deficit of $500,000,000. To this picture the economists have added that while other depressions have been ended by growth of anew industry or discovery of new gold deposits, neither of these seems to be a possibility at the present time. And the social workers have translated the story into terms of broken bodies and spirits, into the incalculable cost in human life. So what is left? What, indeed, but human intelligence; the wit and will to master our situation and plan that we may not have to face this again. Only the counselors of despair deny that we can help ourselves if we will.

Japan and Western Intervention Japan may be in the wrong in opposing and resenting western intervention in the Manchurian crisis. Yet no calm student of far eastern history well can deny that she has solid grounds for doubting the 100 per cent, altruism of the western nations who now seem so solicitous about peace and the integrity of China. Japan is in much the same position as a man who has watched a sick neighbor receive a series of visitors to express their sympathy. After one Good Samaritan. left, the neighbor missed his choice cut-glass vase. Another’s departure was signalized by the disappearance of his wife’s diamond necklace. The third seemed to have taken a special fancy for his first edition of a rare old English essay. In due time, the observer might be forgiven for wondering if his neighbor might not better bear his pain and misery in solitude. Japan has been compelled to observe European Intervention for the “good” of China for practically a century. But each kind service to the great Mongolian power has been followed by a generous helping to Chinese territory, trade or both. Hence, she may be forgiven if, in 1931, she is mildly skeptical about the whole-hearted benevolence of the good people of fair complexion at Geneva. From ;he time of the visit of Marco Polo in the thirteenth century until the first quarter of the nineteenth century, China was able to maintain her integrity and aloofness from the west. She allowed only limited trading privileges through a very few ports like Canton. Then came three-quarters of a century of pilfering. First came the opium war of 1840-42 with Great Britain. Asa result of her victory, Britain forced China to open four more important ports to British trade. Britain then helped to put down the Tai-Ping rebellion between 1853 and 1864, thus strengthening herself with the dominant Chinese government. During a part of this period—from 1856-60—how-ever, Britain and France were at war w'ith China and pried open six more ports. They also forced China to give additional guaranties of the position and safety of the foreign trader in China. In 1894-95 came the Chino-Japanese war, which did more than any other major episode to stir doubts In the Japanese bosom. After the sweeping Japanese Victory, the European powers came in to preserve the Integrity of the prostrate Chinese giant. They went out with more of the Japanese spoils in their pockets. Japanese resentment over this international hypocrisy never has been eradicated. In 1898 Germany, as usual late and on the heels of the French and British freebooters, seized the Shantung peninsula to avenge the death of two German Catholic missionaries. In Germany the highly Lutheran kaiser never has been observed to be especially sentimental about Catholics. But he immediately discerned in these slain priests two “dear brothers In Christ.’ He sent his brother Henry with German warships to China to seek proper recompense Shantung was the price ultimately exacted. Two years later the patriotic Chinese arose in the Boxer revolt of 1900 to kick out the hated and intruding foreigner. They sassed ignominiously, with the result that China was placed under the commercial and fiscal tutelage of the western powers. She could not even determine her own tariff schedules. ( ulna was thrown wide open to outside exploitation. John Hay, by his “Open Door" policy, insisted that thla grand larceny should be carried on without discrimination. In these seventy-five years, many Chinese dependencies have been lopped off. France took j|hdoChlna between 1862 and 1885. Britain grabbed >urma

The Indianapolis Times <A BCKIPPB-JOWAKU NEWSPAPER) oubhed , da,ly (except Holiday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214*220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price to Mnrioo County, 2 cents a copy; claeKiiere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail aubacrlptlon rates in Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a tuontb. BOID GIJRLET. ROt W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKEIT President Business Manager S581 : MONDAY. NOV. 2. 1931. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.” ~

in 1885 and Tibet between 1904 and 1914, Many important ports like Hongkong were put under foreign domination. Russia swooped on Manchuria and Mongolia. It is for this reason that Japan is not moved to tears by the tender sympathy which the west now is expressing through the League of Nations. It is quite true that Japan’s hands are not clean. She has snatched up as much of China as she has been able to get away with. But the western powers taught her how to pilfer. Further, Japan has stolen from near necessity. The western nations have operated after the fashion of a wealthy shoplifter, who stands in no vital need of her spoils. Solomon’s Grandchildren The three grandchildren, all over 70, of Milwaukee’s founder and first mayor, Solomon Juneau, have been granted old age pensions under Wisconsin’s pension law. Juneau once was the wealthy owner of vast tracts of land, donor of the site of the Milwaukee county courthouse. Bad investments impoverished the family. His three grandchildren would have gone to the poorhouse had it not been for Wisconsin’s progressive law. This story is all too typical. Who of us does not know a family like the Juneaus? The depression has served only to emphasize how fleeting is wealth, how insecure is life itself. Ours, therefore, should be more than altruistic interest as we watch the spread of old age security legislation throughout the country. Today in seventeen states old age pension laws protect 65,000 aged poor. In New York 43,000 aged indigents have been saved from the disgrace of the poor farm. In Massachusetts 6,412 aged men are drawing an average of $5.86 a week. California pays an average of $23 a month to 8,750 men and women under Its new security law. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Oregon, Illinois have strong movements for similar measures, all given impetus by the fact that taxpayers now pay less in the pension states than they did for poor house care. Senator C. C. Dill announces that he will introduce a bill In the coming congress granting federal aid to states for old age pension funds. Senators Couzens, Schall and others urge similar measures. The time Is here when the federal government, with taxing access to the great fortunes and inheritances, should help out the states, especially the poorer ones! in creating old age security reserves. Bishop Francis McConnell estimates that for $150,000,000 a year all the nation’s 600,000 needy who are over 65 years of age can be pensioned. Surely rich America could assume a portion of this burden to make secure and happy the declining years of its useful citizens. All in Danger Why all this furore about two mere labor leaders, Mooney and Billings, now turning aged and gray as they serve out their fifteenth year in California prisons for crimes they did not commit? The question has been asked by many, including three California Governors; even by lawyers and' judges. Neither of these men is an important person. Perhaps you wouldnst like them personally. They are agitators, and one of them has a penal record. Why worry? Let United States Senator Edward P. Costigan, himself a westerner, answer. The known facts in the Mooney-Billings cases are such that the custodians of our civilization indict themselves if they fail to use their controlling influence so far as possible to correct an indefensible record,” Senator Costigan wired to a Boston protest meeting. Whenever the humblest among us are wronged under the forms of law, the mightiest are in jeopardy. Justice, therefore, to all, and more than ever in this critical industrial era, continues to be the best safeguard as well as the essential end of government.” With Mooney and Billings, innocent, in jail, all of us, even Governors and judges, are unsafe. We all may say, as John Wesley said when he saw a beggar on the street: ‘ There, but for the grace of God, am I.” In the recent British election, England’s only prohibitionist member of parliament lost his seat. Beastly annoying, just when he was sitting pretty. The Republicans, the Democrats and Central Europe have attacked the Hoover-Laval debt plan. And A1 Capone, with those federal liens against his property, probably wouldn't approve of it either. A few years ago the whole world was yelling ‘‘H. C. of L.” Today half is howling “S. O. S.” and the other half, “C. O. D.” A million people cheered Mussolini at Naples. Probably because the Fascists had given them the Duce. * 0 A1 Capone’s bodyguard asked for mercy on the charge that he carried a loaded pistol into court during Al's trial. Maybe he just carried it as a plaything —a rattle. Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON IT might affect industry unpleasantly, but what a relief it would be to the individual if we could adopt a five-year plan for women’s clothes. If cur skirts could be fixed, subject to no fluctuations, and we knew they would remain static for that time; if we could select our hats, conscious that they still would be smart next season; if we could buy a gown and know' it would not make us feel like a last year’s bird nest in six months, what a sense of wellbeing and freedom would be ours! For today’s woman is obliged to spend too much time springing after the fashions. Given a reasonable amount of pride, she is compelled to keep up a good appearance, if only that she may reflect credit on the relatives. This necessitates the use of enough energy to hsve worn out Hercules. Moreover, she hardly catches her breath after one season than the next one is licking at her heels. She must buy her autumn hat in August and her spring gowns before the snows are gone. She is a slave to style in the literal sense of the term. a u MEN, being much less mutable, live much more comfortably. You don’t catch them jumping through the hoop of any style dictator. They may be a little set in their ways, to be sure, but the pleasure they derive from garments that are all of a sameness must be considerable. Trousers, as we know them, never are out of style. They bear a reasonable similarity year after year, and the average man feels adequately dressed in any model that reaches his waist and covers his ankles. A woman, on the contrary, who must appear in a skirt longer or shorter than the prevailing mode, is not only self-conscious and incapable of logical thought, but completely miserable. In the interest of our peace onmind and the family darning, it’s time we tried sou., thing.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIME,?

M. E. Tracy SAYS: ; The Republicans Have No Out, Except to String Along With Hoover, and That's Not a Sure “Out,” by Any Means. • NEW YORK, Nov. 2.—Wheat advances, the outflow of gold ceases, Mid-Continent crude goes up 15 cents a barrel, and nine major industries report increased production. Twenty-two countries agree to a year’s holiday in armament construction as proposed by the League of Nations. Japan and Russia accept each other’s assurances, and Japan says that she won’t declare war, even if China does. Trade revives steadily in England, and the Sankey committee prepares a tentative constitution for the government of India, , a a tt Hold the Excitement SUCH items, as well as many more of similar import, warrant a certain degree of optimism, but let us not get too excited. We have been fooled several times during the last two years. If the tide has turned, it proves only that we were fooled again, since this was about the first time we were dead sure such a thing couldn’t happen. Who looked for wheat to take a jump, or British business to improve on suspension of the gold standard? Sometimes, you wonder whether the shrewdest of us can see an inch ahead of his nose when it comes to a change in general conditions. a t tt Who Can Be Sure? WE'RE just twelve months away from the presidential election of 1932, but is anybody sure who will be the Democratic nominee, much less which party will win? It is taken for granted that the Republicans will renominate President, Hoover, but some people even doubt that. Senator Borah of Idaho is reported to have had some attractive offers of support if he would become a candidate. a a a Borah Is Right SENATOR BORAH has a large following. He could put up quite a battle if he went at it in earnest. But, as he says, the man in power has a distinct advantage when it comes to corralling delegates, especially from the south. The late Theodore Roosevelt found that out twenty years ago. Though able to run away with more than one-half of the Republican party’s rank and file, he couldn’t take the nomination away from President Taft. The best Senator Borah, or another opponent of Hoover, could hope for would be such a split in the Republican party as would make a Democratic victory inevitable. tt tt a They Surely Can See THE Republicans have no out, except to string along with President Hoover and that is not a sure out by any means. Indeed, their ablest leaders are betting on the usual Democratic blunder more strongly than on anything else, preferably a break between Smith and Roosevelt, a split over the wet issue, or something else which would result in the selection of a weak, compromise nominee. Accommodating as the Democrats have shown themselves in the past, it strains the imagination to suppose that they can’t see the opportunity which is knocking at their door. tt tt tt Gumshoe Politics Out WHATEVER else happens, one hopes that both parties will give the people of this country a chance to express themselves on certain issues, particularly with regard to foreign policy. It looks as thought they might be compelled to do so, regardless of gumshoes politics. With England getting ready to show us what the tariff really means, with the Manchurian muddle promising to continue and with Europe all set to move for another cut in war debits, it looks as though the parties would be fenced to line up on some really important questions. tt tt tt Sign on the Line SPEAKING of war debts, no one can review the Hoover-Laval conference without suspecting that this government will have to do some smooth trading to avoid resumption of the sucker role. According to the program, Germany is going to ask France for anew reparations deal, while the President asks congress for power to revise war debt settlements. That leaves France in a,, position to grant what we are willing to give, or vice versa. In other words we are expected to pay for all the mercy she shows. A virtuous task, no doubt, but what, or where, is the reward? If it’s an agreement to disarm, we ought to get somebody’s name on the dotted line before going too far. Or is ours the only government that signs on the dotted line? Daily Thought A bruised reed he shall not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench; he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.—lsaiah 42.3. tt tt tt JUDGE thyself with a judgment of sincerity, and thou will judge others with i judgment of charity. —Mason. How much should a gold fish grow in a year and what is its average life span? The rate of growth depends upon the feeding and general care. The average is about 2 inches the first six months, and 3 to 4 inches during the first year. The life span depends also upon the care they receive, ranging from 6 months to 9 or 10 years. Goldfish have been known to live for 30 years. How does the area of Texas compare with that of Germany? Texas has an area of 265,896 square miles; the Republic of Germany has 185,889 squwe miles.

news note- LONDON INTRODUCES SCALES THAT TALK. i Jgr" 1111 " HE'S A LIAR,MAM* V count's^'w HOR^SHOE

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ■Heredity Minor Factor in Overweight

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Ilygeia, the Health Magazine. IT was found in Scotland, as has been found also in this country, tnat about 70 per cent of all of those who were overweight had mothers or fathers who were also overweight. It is believed that this is a part of the desire of those who are overweight to attribute their condition to circumstances over which they have no control, rather than to their own mode of life. Thus the patients themselves tend to magnify the heredity side of their weaknesses. American physicians have felt that the tendency of the children of fat people to be fat is not something inborn, but most likely is due to the fact that the children live under the same conditions as do their parents, and that the children

IT SEEMS TO ME >

A GENTLEMAN from New Zealand is making an interesting pilgrimage around the world. It is his purpose to see banned plays and read suppressed books in the lands where those outcasts are allowed to flourish. He went all the way to Paris to read “Ulysees,” and after that he dropped down to. Italy, where “Lady Chatterly’s Loveri’ is not contraband. Eventually he purposes to stop in America and England. The Times, in commenting 6n his quest, feels that we will have little to offer him here. And it even grows a little captious in regard to this unusual tour, and wonders whether the pilgrim’s progress is actuated by mere morbid curiosity. Without having the slightest acquaintance with the gentleman in question, it seems to me that the journey is not only sincerely motivated, but of exceptional interest. Travel, so they say, broadens a man. And I can think of no way in which this process may be better expedited than through an examination of black-listed literature r.nd drama. Indeed, the best way to know a nation or an individual is to discover the things which it or he will not tolerate. The truest index of any person is his shock point. tt tt tt We Can Show Him NOR need the explorer of dark continents find a visit here altogether unprofitable. In Chicago, for instance, he could witness “The Green Pastures,” which would be forbidden to him in London. And there might be great utility in hopping from state to state and observing just what sort of motion picture is innocent in Indiana and deplorable under the moral code of Pennsylvania. I myself was moved to a certain amount of research work in Cuba.

RTqOAVf !5tTHe-

TWO SHIPS TORPEDOED Nov. 2 ON Nov. 2, 1917, the transport Finland and the steamer Rochester W'ere torpedoed, killing twenty-six men. The Rochester sank, but the Finland managed to limp into port. Seventeen men, including two enlisted men acting as armed guards, went down on the Rochester. The survivors suffered terrible hardships before reaching land. Three naval gunners, four merchant seamen, and two enlisted army men lost their lives on the Finland. General von Berrer, commanding the Wurtemberg armies on the northeast front, was shot dead while visiting the trenches near Riga.. The Italians abandoned the eastern bank of the Tagliamento river from the Fella valley to the Adriatic sea after fighting on the middle and lower sectors of the river. Meantime, tfre Germans retreated from the hiliy sections of Chemin des Dames oq the western front.

Imagine Our Embarrassment

therefore eat too much and exercise too little exactly as their parents eat too much and exercise too little. There is, of course, something to be said on both sides. Certainly there must be some hereditary tendency to overweight, because the excess fat is deposited in the children in relatively the same places about the body as in the parents. In other words, in one family the woman will tend to have fat arms and relatively thin hips, whereas in the other group they will tend to have fat hips but relatively thin arms. Certainly, however, there is much to be said for the influence of environment and the habits of the family as regards eating. There are certain families of foreign parentage which attempt, in this country, to maintain the dietary habits they had abroad. Diets

But the sociological passion deserted me at the last moment. The preliminary sales talk of the vendor was tactful to the point of genius. Hailing me at a sidewalk case in Havana, he began by remarking: “You are an actor, aren’t you?” After that I would have met him at least half-way on any proposition. But when he followed this promising opening lead by adding: “I suppose you would like very much to buy some postcards?” I recoiled from his offer. It was not that the judgment of my personal predilections constituted an insult. But I felt that he was casting aspersions upon a great profession in which I happened to be a humble hanger-on. tt tt tt Pretty Much the Same TF the inquisitive reporter from New Zealand undertakes any intensive study of flagrant pictorial misdemeanors, I am afraid that he will be doomed to disappointment. After all, in the lowest stratum the lasciviousness of one nation is much like that of every ocher. During the required reading which I had to and I would or no —in collaborating on the life of Anthony Comstock I made one useful discovery. And that is the fact that pornography, among other failings, is afflicted with a deadly dullness. I never have understood why the censors of civilization fear so much the actually outrageous. It contains so little of imagination or ingenity. Indeed, there is a certain logic in the fight which Mr. Sumner, Mr. Comstock and others have made against the contention that art sanctifies all things. After all, it is true that the erotic becomes persuasive and possibly effective in the formation of character and impulse only when it is animated by a touch of talent or authentic genius. f Even if odds were offered to me I would not undertake to corrupt the most susceptible community with the ordinary commodities of commercialized pornographers. Not so much as a single soul ever has been endangered, I believe, by peeping into the picture-bearing cigaret holders which form a staple in the commerce of Cuba. tt tt tt I Prefer Charlie Chaplin AND once it was not precisely my privilege to attend a stag entertainment where forbidden films were displayed. I did not immediately quit my seat and fling a ringing denunciation at the head of the diners. But about the middle of the first reel I grew extremely drowsy and slept peacefully through the greater part of the pageant. Anybody who had witnessed so much as fifty feet, more or less, got the idea and could anticipate precisely what was about to follow. For years I have contended that the devil and most of his works are held in too much esteem by the righteous. He has been presented as a romantic and, one might add, a devilish sort of fellow. In all truth, it is much more likely that he, too, belongs among the Babbitts. It is distinct impression that the chief sin of satan

of various races vary greatly in the amount of sugar and fat that they contain. Most people who have paid little attention to diet underestimate greatly the amount of food that they actually eat. The majority of people who are overweight claim they eat like canary birds and that they never indulge heartily in food. “If, however, a careful invoice is made of all of the food that is teken in, it is usually found that they eat excessively. Furthermore, when they are put on diets containing very small amounts of food, they begin to reduce weight immediately. Moreover, an analysis of the previous diet usually shows that it is rich in sugars and fats, whereas the diets ordered by the physician are likely to be rich in protein and weak in sugars and fats.

"SJT

is the fact that he is an intolerable bore. tt tt Where Wisdom Lies THE Evening Post, in jubilation over the Tory triumph in Great Britain, states, “The government has been given back to conservatism, retrenchment and common sense.” But in the next paragraph I find. “Labor members, labor leaders, labor heroes were bowled over by unprecedented majorities given to naval officers, lordlings and other political tyros.” And is it actually so that common sense is generally to be found in any abundant form among lordlings, naval officers and political tyros? \ (Copyright. 1931. bv The Times)

Questions and Answers

Does light occupy space? Science has traditionally accepted space, time, force, mattet, light, etc., as independent entities that build up the universe. There exists no co-ordinating definition of these entities and for that reason light may or may not be said to occupy space according to the point of view as to what these terms mean in relation to each other. Science does not agree as to which viewpoint is scientific; hence, the paradoxes of science continue to exist. What is the official name for Russia? Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (U. S. S. R.) WTiat is the first historic reference to the use of petroleum? One of the earliest records shows that it was used on the walls of Babylon and Ninevah about 2,000 B. C. It is also recorded that for ages seepages of crude oil have been used by the peoples of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China.

Tell Your Friends: A Business without a Boss means a business conducted for the benefit of its customers as well as its workers. Under this system workers receive a wage every week during the year. There are no discharges during dull periods. Medical and dental services for themselves and dependents are a charge against the business. They work without fear. That business produces a better soup, catsup, pork and beans and chili con carne. It is sold under the COLUMBIA label. You Can Buy This Brand at All REGAL STORES

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

.NOV. 2, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

How Science Works Today to Usher in Tomorrow's Industries Is Told Graphically by Westinghouse Engineers. SCIENTIFIC research has made the present machine age. Much of it has gone on in the laboratories of universities and scientific schools. But a great deal of it also has gone on in the laboratories of the nation's larger corporations, as for example, the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, the General Electric Company, the Eastman Kodak Company, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, the Dupont enterprises, and others. Some of the recent accomplishments of the Westinghouse engineers are told in an attractive booklet just published by that company under the title of “Stories of Westinghouse Research.” The booklet is the work of Colin K. Lee and Hendley N. Blackmon, general engineers. The reason for scientific research is told in a brief preface to the booklet by S. M. Kintner, vice-presi-dent in charge of engineering. “Railroads, leaving settled country and venturing into the unknown difficulties of the west, sent out scouts to reconnoiter; surveying parties, which, ranging the country widely, far ahead, sent back information to guide bridge builders and track layers by the most practicable routes to their goal. “Research is the reconnaissanc® party of industry, roving the unknown territories ahead independently, yet not without purpose, seeing for the first time things that all the following world will see a few' years hence.” tt tt tt Research Vital Today seeking the best route V-J to some definite goal,” Kintner continues, “they come upon attractive paths that lead elsewhere, and come back, like old Jim Bridger from the Yellowstone, with tales of marvels unexpected. “Today is the creation of technicians; it is in the research laboratories that tomorrow is being prepared.” The Westinghouse research laboratories now are housed in a large building at East Pittsburgh, Pa. “Research, under that name, Lee and Blackmon write, “ is twenty-six years old at Westinghouse. The thing itself, of course, is as old as the company, for it was an investigation of the mysterious alternating current that first led the airbrake’s inventor to organize his electric company in 1885. “Before 1904, research was a function of the engineer; then a separate department of specialization was organized under C. E. Skineer. In 1910 it was isolated from the plant, and facilities and space were more than doubled in 1930.” The doubling of research facilities in 1930 is an indication of the attitude of the wisest industrial leaders of the present day. They realize that they are not only in competition with other industrial and commercial leaders, but with scientific leaders as well. As Dr. Harrison E. Howe, editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, recently observed, the manufacturer who ignores scientific research is likely to wake up some morning and find that the discovery of some research worker has put him out of business. tt tt a Vacuum Tube Grows The DOOKiet Degins witn a description of the various discoveries which Westinghouse engineers have made in the realm of the vacuum tube. It will be recalled that Westinghouse pioneered in radio broadcasting with the operation of radio station KDKA. “Nothing appeals more to the imagination than the extraordinary possibilities that have been found to lie in the vacuum, or low pressures, inside little glass bulbs,” the authors write. “Two great industries, radio broadcasting and the talkies, have been produced thence within a few years, electricity has been given ‘sight,’ ‘hearing’ and a sense of touch infinitely more sensitive than man’s. Our knowledge of tubes is yet very young. Os what is still to come we can be certain only of this —that it will be wonderful.” Among th vacuum tubes described in the booklet is the 200kilowatt tube, the most powerful radio tube ever developed. “The first ‘big’ broadcasting station had eight little 10-kilowatt tubes,” the authors write. “Difficulty of working so many units harmoniously together led to larger ones. “This development (the. 200-kilo-watt tube) opens the way to tubes many times as large, should they be needed. Heartbreaking difficulties were -overcome by the designer, Mourortuseff, especially in a suitable seal between copper and glass in such large masses. Very important is the grid which he devised, a series of molybdenum discs which are water cooled; and a form of filament which will not buckle.” What is the oldest national flag in the world? The flag of Denmark, the oldest unaltered national flag has been in use since the early thirteenth century.