Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 140, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 October 1931 — Page 6

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Dastardly and Infamous Before any citizen rejoices in the reduction of the tax rates for the schools and the city government, he should analyze the results that are inevitable from such a decision. As far as the school tax is concerned the board declared a moratorium on debts. It said that the city shall not meet its obligations but shall borrow more money from the banks, and just now the banks are charging higher rates of interest for school money than ever before. The board also hampers the school system in annoying ways. When it comes to the cut in the city funds, the action can be construed only as a des-. perate effort to protect the electric and water monopolies from a legal effort to obtain justice. The state board says that Mayor Sullivan may not have an emergency fund of $25,000 which he had secured from the council to fight against the extortion practiced upon this city by these two companies. The city pays approximately one million dollars a year to these two companies. The mayor had announced that he would appeal to the public service commission for a new* deal. Here was where the hired lobbyists for the corporations began their successful fight to hamper such a fight and to keep the city enslaved. The son of one member of the tax board has been and may still be on the pay roll of the professional tax fighters who represent the corporations. The board members have long been under suspicion of being dominated by the corporatiftns and proceeded to justify that suspicion by their actions. This board is attempting to send the city administration into its fight with the rich and plundering electric and water companies, shackled and embarassed, with no ammunition or supplies for its war. The tax reduction means that the people of this city have been robbed of their right to rule themselves and are under a condition of slavish servitude to the public utilities. The tax board completes the job where the public service commission leaves off. The action is dastardly and infamous. It should be resented by every citizen. The utilities should not be permitted to get away with such a high handed proceeding. One form of resentment might be very active crusade to abolish this board or change its membership so that it will represent public interest and not the plunderbund. Swope Is Frank With the sort of frankness that is lacking conspicuously when administration leaders discuss unemployment insurance, Gerald Swope illuminated the whole subject at his appearance before the senate committee. He stated facts worth bearing in mind during the coming winter. The difference between company insurance plans and plans in which the government participates, Swope pointed out, is just this: If a company and its employes alone contribute to an insurance fund, the cost will fall upon the consumers of the company’s products. If the government contributes, the taxpayer will bear part of the burden. In other words, the average consumer, including the man who hardly can make ends meet, the man who ia out of work, but still must eat and be clothed, will bear the burden of insurance if the cost of it is passed along in the cost of merchandise. If the government becomes a contributor, part, at least, of the cost will come out of concentrated wealth. For federal revenues come, in large measure, from income, inheritance, and corporation taxes. Mr .Swope favors company rather than government insurance, though he says he fears “we never will get universal insurance without government action.” But he is strongly in favor of insurance of some kind, and for an excellent and very practical reason. If you have unemployment insurance, he says, you have the best brains of the country constantly at work trying to stabilize industry, prevent unemployment, and thus reduce operating costs and increase dividends. You gain by having men cared for in time of crisis but you gain even more by having that crisis prevented wherever possible, for good old-fashioned selfish reasons. The I. C. C. Decision A way has been found to save the railroads from financial disaster without dragging down the rest ot the country, the interstate commerce commission believes. That is the significance of its decision rejecting the plea of the railroads for a flat 15 per cent freight increase. By allowing the railroads to make specified rate increases on certain commodities, such as oil, coal, ores, and lumber—but prohibiting increases on most farm products—the commission thinks all the railroads can create a profit pool upward of $125,000,000 to rescue temporarily the losing railroads. We do not presume to pass upon the practicability of this plan evolved by the government’s technical experts, the fact that it is the I. C. C. plan makes it deserving of trial. If it does not work quickly enough, then some other emergency method than rate increases must be found to save the roads' financial credit, which involves the larger credit structure of the nation. Indeed, President Hoover is understood to be working with banking experts now to approach the problem from that other direction. To us the I. C C. argument—that a flat 15 per cent rate Increase would depress general business conditions further, and actually injure the railroads themselves in their competitive fight with busses, trucks and pipelines—sounds very convincing. It seems especially clear that such an increase c>n

The Indianapolis Times (A aCRIPPg-aoWARI* .VEHSPAPKR) Owned and nnblUhed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Tiroes Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, lnd. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cent*—delivered by carrier. 12 centa a week. Mail subscription rate* in Indiana. $3 a year: ontaide of Indiana, 5 cents a month. BOV If ODRLET. ROV W. HOWARD EARL D. RAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONB—Rllev 6551. WEDNESDAY. OCT. 21. 1831. Member of United Pres*, Bcripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Assoclatlon. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

most food products not only would add widespread hunger In the cities this winter, but would be almost the last straw to millions of broken farmers. Certainly the country can not regain prosperity by taking it out of the hides of the farmers, whose poverty already is a chief continuing cause of the depression. In its effort to protect the railroads from themselves, the commission states facts which the railroad witnesses appearing before the commission never attempted to answer. It says: “However sympathetic one may be with the plight of the railroads and their need for additional revenue, such sympathy can not with benefit to any one be carried to the point of a refusal to recognize and face facts. The facts set forth .. . show beyond question that ’here are elements of plain peril to the railroads in such an increase in freight rates as they propose at the present time. “The chief dangers are: (1) That at a time when transportation costs are of vital consequence to every industry it will stimulate new competitive forces already rapidly developing, (2) That it will alienate or impair tfce friendly feeling toward the railroads en the part of the people of the country, which is essential to adequate legislation for their protection and proper regulation of all forms of transportation in the public interest, and (3) That it will disturb business conditions and an already shell-shocked industry, and accelerate the tendency toward a localization of production.” If the I. C. C. had been blind to the railroads’ very real emergency, the railroads would suffer and the country would suffer. But, by allowing wide rate increases on many commodities under a pool plan for the special benefit of the weaker carriers, the commission apparently has gone as far as possible with safety for the railroads and the country. “This Is the Test” Weighed down as we are with our domestic voi ries, it is a struggle to turn our eyes abroad. Geneva and Japan seem far, far away. Yet what is happening over there is, in the long view, even more important to this nation than what is happening in our present bemuddled economic) state. A great crisis In mankind’s long struggle for permanent peace now is impending. Since 1918 the hope of the world has been to find a method by which another great war can be prevented. That the horrors of the western front would j be nothing as compared with those of the next war is sensed by all who live today. That virtual suicide of civlization would be the result and dark ages be the lot of humanity is the settled conviction in every war college of the world. Stripped of its technicalities, the league-Man-churian crisis means this: Either peace will be restored through the agency of other nations or the world's only machinery for peace will be shown up as futile. And that futility, once revealed, would mean an armament race such as the world never has seen. That in turn would bring the great nations back to where they were before Sarajevo. And when war came, as it would there would come with it chaos and the downfall of civilization. What is happening in Geneva and Japan today therefore Is bigger than Manchuria. It is the test of the world's one and only agency for peace. The entire effort against war, accumulated over the centuries, is at stake. Let the negotiations win, let the world be convinced that the League of Nations or the BriandKellogg peace machinery will work, and the greatest forward step of all time will have been taken. Let them fail—but they must not! Geneva and Japan are not remote points. They are local stories today, with a very real interest to every man capable of bearing arms and of very real interest to every mother, wife or sweetheart of such a man. A New Rose Here is important news coming out of Washington. | Anew type of rose just has been patented, under a anew law. The new rose is no bashful creature, but a “royalhearted” fellow, with heart-shaped and ample petals of scarlet-crimson, great long stems, a hardy resistance to disease, and a generosity of blooms of unusual fragrance. Its father was a “General Jacqueminot,” its mother a blushing southern beauty, the “Richmond Rose.” What item in today’s roster of events is more significant than the birth of such a gallant being that, asking nothing, will spread grace and beauty throughout the gardens of the land? Now that Wang has been superseded as foreign minister, it behooves Japan to know its China from A to Sze. Simile: As downcast as a taxi driver on a rainy | day.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A YOUNG woman who has worked for ten years jn a large department store in a city we shall not name, after having received her third drastic wage cut, says she now faces pay day with a sick fear at her heart. She is bewildered by the turn of events. She sees tried and trusted employes turned away, while cheap, inexperienced help fills thir place. She sees, also, the head of the business living more luxuriously than usual. "Why,” she asks me, "can such things be? We I have long had a fondness for our employers. They have been kind to us in the past, but how can Mr. 8.,! when he sees us so frightened and suffering, buy a j larger automobile and move into a more expensive home? “Is it not the duty of the leaders of business to | set their workers an example of sacrifice? What do you think?” a a a FRANKLY, I have a sick fear at my heart also when such sentiments are voiced. I have the feeling that a good many of our so-called big men are making a tragic mistake and that some day their grasping hands may hold only empty air. The head of this store undoubtedly is concerned over business conditions. It may be true that salary cuts must come, but should they not come from the large as well as from the small salaries? Should not dividends be sacrificed, rather than wages? This man has lost something very precious. He has lost the trust and confidence of a woman who has given ten years of her life building up his business. He has lost her loyalty and incurred her suspicion. Pew things he may gain in the future can compensate for this, and it can tear him down when prosperity comes again. Capital, too, owes fealty to its workers. And its debt is doubly great in times of uncertainty and distress. v

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

We Go Through AU the Right Kind of Motions, But We Lack the Right Kind of Spirit. NEW YORK, Oct. 21.—England votes next Tuesday. Out of a population of about 45.000,000, more than 28,000,000, or nearly twoi thirds, have legistered. To make an equally good showing we would have to register at least 70,000,000 in this country. Asa matter of fact, we have not registered 50,000,000. What more is needed to prove that the English people make wider use of the privileges of democracy j than we do. and doesn't that have | some bearing on their comparative ’ freedom from crime and political j corruption? * * * Compare These Figures TT 7TTH laborious effort, our cenj Vi sus experts have demonstrated ! tha t New York is bigger than Loni don. That is something to be proud of. It is not on record that any other people ever built the largest city on earth, from the ground up, in 300 years. But counting noses and measuring skyscrapers fails to tell the whole story. Last year London had only twenty - one murders, while New York had 420. London police solved all but one. New York police did not even make an arrest in 160 cases. Os equal importance are the disclosures being brought out by the Seabury investigation. tt tt n Too Much Skim Milk IT may sound trite to say that good government is impossible j without wide-awake public interest, but it is. We go through all the necessary motions, but we lack the right kind of spirit. There is too much skim milk In our political attitude. It would do us good to see a first class leader boohed out of the hall, as has happened to Premier Ramsay MacDonald, or if that failed to arouse the proper interest, see some chairs thrown at the speaker, as happened to Sir Oswald Mosley last Sunday night. * tt tt We're Too Polite WE have become so polite and conventional that paunchy ward heelers and pasty-faced gangsters can put it all over us. They are doing it right along—stealing our money, breaking our laws, demoralizing our young folks, and drinking to our stupidity in illegal ' hooch. It took us five years to discover that two millionaires were trying to run away with the government’s oil reserves, and many people don’t realize it yet. The graft in New York has been so open that every newsboy knows about it, yet a majority of the highbrows are so dumb, or indifferent, that they can’t believe incontrovertible evidence. * tt u Not Only New York NEW YORK is no exception to the general rule. It’s just a little bigger and a little freer with its publicity. Everywhere you go, a similar condition exists. Tt has become impossible to ride around one hour without seeing somebody scoot by a red light if no cop happens to be visible, make a wrong left turn, or park his car where he shouldn’t, when he knows better at the time. We look upon such things as cute, if not cultured. In the same way, we look on it as quite up-to-date to evade jury duty, or get out of testifying in a law suit. ft tt * Plain Applesauce WE can show enough vitality at football games, or on the golf course, but when it comes to politics, how bored we are. Some of us won’t go to the polls unless we are sent for by a candidate, though we are ready enough to yell for statutes limiting campaign expenses. More of us won’t take time to find out what it is all about before we get to the polls, and stiff more of us refuse to do anything at all. Do you realize that nearly onehalf the adults in this country fail to vote? tt tt tt And We Believe It SOME of us have professed to be , greatly worried lest the German republic break down and the kaiser be recalled or Communism established. Well, here is something to think j about in that connection. Germany, with less than one-half as many people, polls almost as big a vote as we do right straight along. We have become so used to hearing patrioteers say that we are the most democratic people on earth that we really believe it—believe .it to such extent that we see no necessity of doing anything to prove it. We have grown so apathetic that we are not conscious of laying down on the job, though every election shows it, especially if the election happens to turn on issues rather than personalities. We think we were terribly “het up” in 1928, but just compare the vote to the adult population and you will see how many millions were so uninterested that they wouldn’t even bother to mark a cross on a piece of paper.

Questions and Answers

How old Is the ex-kaiser of Germany? He was born Jan. 27, 1859. Is pineapple raising the chief industry of Hawaii? The chief product of Hawaii has long been sugar and the pineapple is second. About 50,000 acres are planted in pineapples.

Broun Rests Heywood Broun, conductor of “It Seems to Me,” is enjoying his annual vacation. His column again will appear on The Times editorial page, starting Monday, Oct. 28.

Ain’t This ‘Depression’ Great?

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Food Sensitivity May Cause Ailments

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyeeia, the Health Magazine. IF, following a banquet, most of those who have' eaten of the food become iff, it is likely that something was wrong with the food —either if contained some poisonous substance or certain bacteria which bring about intestinal disturbances. If, on the other hand, out of all of the people attending the banquet only one or two become iff, it is quite likely that something is wrong with these individuals. They, as is suggested by Dr. Warren T. Vaughan, aie sensitive to something in the foed. Sensitivity to food substance shows itself by a certain series of symptoms. One of these is prompt vomiting and nausea, sometimes accompanied with excessive action of the bowels. Sometimes the reaction takes the form of a generalized irritation of the bowel with the development of internal hives, swelling and similar disturbance. When a physician who is familiar with what is called allergy or food sensitivity is asked to study a case,

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times —Every one in the country seems to be submitting ideas on unemployment, so I thought that I would like to voice mine on present actions and what I think could relieve us of this burden. Some of our big shots, such as Hoover and Gifford, and the rest, should act, instead of saying this and that should be done. Why don’t they do some of the things that they say ought to be done? My ideas are: 1. Repeal or modify the tariff and revive foreign trade, open up the gate that shuts us off from trade with the world. 2. Repeal or modify the dry law, collect the tax, and stop graft on all this unlawful beer and whisky that infests this country. 3. Discharge every married woman who has a husband able to work, so that men and single girls can get jobs. President Hoover appointed a man named Gifford, president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, as head of the unemployment committee when he is installing millions of automatic telephones throughout the country and throwing thousands of girls out of jobs in each city. That is a fine way to help— What? MASKED MYSTERY. Editor Times—What is the object of having a safety zone, and what is it for? In my opinion, as a citizen of Indianapolis, and in view of visits to a few other cities in the United States, the Indianapolis police department, or whoever is responsible, has an erroneous idea of a safety zone. As I understand it, a safety zone is to protect one or more persons who are leaving or boarding a street car. Why is it necessary to tie up one lane of traffic on account of a safety zone, when there is no one in the safety zone? It seems to me that everything should be done to expedite traffic. We have several streets with car lines and if you follow the one lane, you will retard traffic at certain times in the day, at least 30 per cent. I would suggest this: Acquaint the public with the purpose of the safety zone and at any time any one is standing within the zone, all motorists are responsible for the safety of the persons therein, no matter on which side of the zone one chooses to pass. I believe this would be one of the greatest reliefs for congested traffic. I. Z. BRIDGES. Editor Times—The Indianapolis Times, alone of all three Indianapolis newspapers, has the right idea of tax relief. Make new contracts with the utilities. Prevent real estate men from opening new additions and then forcing city council to lay sidewalks and pavements, water mains and electric lights in sections where no one is served. A blind man can see that tax money—these developments come from the general fund —is spent solely to boost private property owned by some real estate shark. Why don’t the Board of Trade

he is likely to pay a great deal of attention to the record of the patient, because frequently the patient remembers that he gets his attacks only when he eats certain foods. It is likely also that other persons in the patient’s family wall have similar disturbances. It has become possible to develop skin tests whereby small scratches are made on the skin and small amounts of the suspected substance placed on the scratch, the reaction indicating whether or not the person is sensitive to the particular food that is suspected. Whether the skin tests are positive or negative, the present technic involves a careful study of the diet. The patient is asked to keep a food diary. He carefully records everything that he eats, regardless of the amount or the time at which it is eaten, and keeps record of the symptoms and the time when they appear. He also is asked to keep a very careful record on the back of his food diary of the general trend of events during each day. A case is cited in which a patient was a railroad man whose run

operators reduce the rental in their office buildings? It is amusing to watch the antics of W. H. Book, former business manager of Indianapolis schools. When he held this position he made $6,000 a year, has built a $20,000 home on the north side, and now he clamors for salary reductions. He evidently has his. And Harry Meisse, with his highpriced cigar insultingly stuck in every one’s face. Why don’t the newspapers figure up Meise’s salary from the moneyed boys? And again, Times Editor, get busy on this bunch. Do you know that smooth real estate gamblers are powerful enough to own mansions on Meridian street and Kessler boulevard and Washington boulevard, then get them classified as vacant lots on the tax duplicates? No one but a sucker like the small home owner pays any taxes in Indianapolis. More power to The Tiroes, which also is the only newspaper that so far has had the courage to show that burdensome taxes originated in townships, cities and counties and that the national tax means nothing. Advocate an income and sales tax, but don’t eliminate a property tax, for there are some old buzzards with plenty of jack who don’t spend anything, so they would not be affected by a sales tax. TIMES READER. Editor Times —After reading an article written by H. M. Coulter in The Times, a feeling of great disgust comes over me. Any one who slanders our President in such terms should be classed a traitor to his country. I wonder who is the American joke, Mr. Hoover or Mr. Coulter? I should like to see Mr Coulter’s face

Rooms for Teachers Indianapolis citizens with rooms available for teachers attending the Indiana State Teachers’ convention, Oct. 22, 23, 24, are invited to list those rooms with the Indianapolis convention bureau, if they so desire. _ Normally, the great majority of visiting teachers are accommodated in hotels, but on occasion it has been found necessary to use available rooms in private homes when the hotels have been unable to furnish accommodations of a certain type. Persons wishing to co-operate, should fill out the following coupon and mail to the Indianapolis Convention Bureau, 408 Chamber of Commerce building. ROOMS WILL NOT BE LISTED UNLESS THE TELEPHONE NUMBER IS GIVEN I have the following rooms available: Rooms (single—for one person) Rooms (double —for two persons) Rooms (for three or more persons) At $ a person a day. Signed Telephone Address

would carry him at intervals to a certain large city. It developed from the study of the attacks that they invariably occurred either on the day of his visit to the city or on the following day. It then appeared that he was fond of a certain brand of cheese which he invariably bought when he went to the city in question. This cheese was the substance to which he was sensitive and which brought on his attacks. Other brands of cheese did not arouse sensitivity. The next step is to put the patient on certain trial diets which are limited in character, gradually adding one meat or one cereal at a time until the patient develops an attack. The response then Is checked by eliminating this substance and leading up to it again, and not infrequently such a system results in revealing the specific substance which produces sensitivity. Unquestionably modern knowledge of sensitization to proteins is one of the greatest advances that has been made in medical science. It has opened the way to understanding of numerous conditions which formerly were not understood at all.

and then perhaps I could see how much intelligence—l should say, lack of intelligence—is displayed thereon. What our country needs now more than anything else is a growing number of boosters, and not knockers. We should uphold Mr. Hoover’s hands and not thwart him in all the ennobling as well as difficult tasks in which he is engaged. A. READER. Editor Times—As a reader of The Times for a number of years, I want you to know how very much I appreciate the stand your paper has taken in regard to some of the public utilities. We have a modern home, but it takes every dollar to keep it going with gas, water, lights and telephone biffs, which seem to me to get bigger every year. Every article of clothing, food and fuel, the absolute necessities, have been lowered in price along with wages, but what of the above mentioned, so-called luxuries? While I feel that water is the most reasonably priced among this list—gas, light, telephone and water —it is a necessity to life and should not be a profiteering object. I thank you heartily and approve the front page writeups you have been giving to the people to enlighten them on the subject. A BEECH GROVE READER.

Daily Thought

Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.—l Corinthians 10:13. Let your own discretion be your tutor; suit the action to the word, the word to the action.—Shakespeare.

'OCT. 21, 1031

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

If You Can Pass This Test on New Views of Science, You Are Ready for the Fall Book Barrage. 1 ttERE is an “A-sk-mr-anothrr” I game you can try to “test your* ; self” upon the latest trends of science. If you can give a brief description or definition of each cf the following terms, you have kept abreast of the newest theories about the nature and fate of the universe; you are ready for the barrage of books which the publishers will fire at you between now and Christmas. The list: 1. Second law of thermodynamics. 2. Cosmic rays. 3. Wave mechanics. 4. Space-time. 5. Expanding universe. 6. Gestalt psychology. 7. Holistic philosophy. Try your hand at the list. Then check your answers with the following: 1. The second law of thermodynamics states that all the energy in the universe is tending to run from concentrated useful forms into scattered useless forms. Jeans and Eddington take this law to mean that the universe gradually, but, surely is running down and that some day it will stop like a rundown clock. tt a tt On With the List WERE you right or wrong in your first answer? Right? That’s' fine. On to the rest of' the list: 2. Cosmic rays are the extremely short and penetrating rays or radiation entering the earth’s atmosphere from outer space. Dr. R. A. Millikan confirmed their existence. He is positive that they are evidence that matter is being created anew in the far corners of the universe. In other words, he sees in the cosmic rays evidence which contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. 3. Wave mechanics is the name given to the theory developed chiefly by De Broglie and Schroedinger, It holds that the atoms and electrons of matter are in reality concentrated bits of energy. In other w’ords, this theory goes beyond the old view which divided the physical universe into matter and energy. According to the new view, matter is just another form of energy. 4. Space-time, first suggested bv Minkowsky, is one of the fundamental notions of Einstein's theory of relativity. Space-time sometimes is spoken of as the four-di-mensional continuum, because it adds time as a fourth dimension to the three dimensions of space. According to relativity, space can not exist without time. The universe, therefore, is not composed of things, but of “events.” The very latest theories, as expressed, for example, by General Jan C. Smuts at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, reduce the material universe to “curvatures and unevenness in space-time.” a a tt Universe Expanding HOW is you batting average so fir? Then let’s be getting on. 5. The expanding universe is something you will hear more and more about during the next year or two. Measurements upon the distant nebulae indicate that they are moving away from the earth. The trouble may be due in part to the effect which the curvature of space has upon methods of measurement. On the other hand, much of the motion seems to be real. The calculations of Lemaitre, based on the theory of relativity, seems to indicate that the universe has certain fundamental unstable quantities which make either for expansion or contraction. It may be that the universe is like a gigantic soap-bubble, now expanding, now contracting. Unlike business in America, the universe at large seems to be in a period of expansion. 6. Gestalt psychology is becoming increasingly important as a bridge between the physical and mental world. “Gestalt” is German for “form.” Gestalt psychology denies the old idea that the mind perceives items which are put together into complete pictures, but instead sees wholes which then are analyzed into parts. 7. General Jan C. Smuts, former 1 premier of South Africa and president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, proposed a “holistic philosophy” in his address at the association’s recent meeting in London. Gestalt psychology is really at, the bottom of Smuts’ philosophy which sees the “whole as something more than the sum of its parts.” That something more is organization Smuts accepts the relativity notion that the physical universe consists of unevennesses in space-time and sees mind playing a real part m the physical universe because mind has the power to organize.

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SEA BATTLE AT RIGA Oct. 21

/"\N Oct. 21, 1917, the Germans suffered heavy losses in fighting in and near the Gulf of Riga. Six German torpedo boats were sunk and two dreadnaughts, one cruiser, six torpedo boats and one transport were put out of action. The Russian fleet was driven into the inner waters of Moon Sound behind a barrier of mines planted W German submarines. German submarines appeared in the Gulf of Finland. Later the German fleet bombarded positions on western coast of the Gulf of Riga. British troops attacked the TurVs northwest of Bagdad and the Turks retreated. The British captured a number of prisoners and much ammunition. And while the German fleet was bombarding the Gulf of Riga, allied warships were bombarding Ostend. How many persons were killed by lightning in the United States in 1929? 392.