Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 134, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 October 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

* t * ! * * J - MOW AAD

Rushing to Cover The voluntary offer of the Insull utility interests to cut electric rates in seventy towns in the southern part of the state is an encouraging sign. But it is not the answer. All that it means is that this shrewd organization, whose activities in politics in Illinois and Indiana have been somewhat notorious, is attempting to dodge the results of their own carefully planned scheme to tax the people on watered valuations. Whatever reduction is offered may be taken as too small. The same rules of rate fixing must be applied in days of deflatation as were used during the fat days when these utilities collected on high labor and commodity costs on plants built with cheap labor and cheap commodities. For years they reaped where they had not sown. Now they are merely trying to keep on with part of their customary plunder instead of being forced to do justice. What is interesting to Indianapolis in its offer is the fact that when the rates are cut for these sparsety settled communities they will then be about what the local holding company is charging for this city. The difference in cost of operation is, of course, evident. In the small communities, serving farming and quarry communities, it is necessary to string high tension wires. The customers are scattered. It is necessary to keep up long lines and make repairs in winter. In this city the market is compact. The customers are packed together. The investment for distribution per consumer is relatively much smaller. And yet the rates will be the same. What the public should impress upon the public service commission is the fact that no rate is just until all the grabs and larcenies of the holding companies are eliminated. There is no justice for the public as long as a holding company, not amenable to law, charges huge fees for engineering and management. There can be no justice as long as these holding companies collect fees and commissions on purchases that should be bought in the open market and not from the subsidiaries of these same holding companies. There can be no just rates until the graft, extortion and larceny is taken away. The utilities are running to cover. They should be chased into the open.

The League Dilemma The friends of the League of Nations are in a dilemma. They have cause for rejoicing and fear. And the same event—Japan’s war of aggression against China—is the source both of the rejoicing and fear. On the one hand, the emergency has driven the United States into closer co-operation with the league than any one believed possible a few months ago. As recently as the Hughes regime at the state department, the United States was not even answering league communications —on the theory, apparently, that the league did not exist because the United States was not a member, a system of mumbojumbo that still is operated by the department in its policy toward Soviet Russia. By slow steps, however, the state department—against Its intention—has ended with representatives at Geneva. First ‘‘observers’’ and then delegates were sent to serve on semi-independent league commissions. Later Americana became full members of definite league organizations. And now the secretary of state is working hand-in-hand with the league council. In this realistic process theories have gone by the board. There was the cold fact that the other nations were doing business through the league, and if we were to be in on international action at all —especially in times of emergency—we had to go where that action was taking place. Hence the state department’s proper and inevitable co-operation with the league in the Manchurian crisis. But, while the Japanese war thrust has driven the United States closer to the league, it also has revealed the inherent weakness of the league as an organization on talk and short on action. In Geneva they are admitting that the league either must stop the Japanese war or its failure will advertise the futility of its vaunted peace machinery. That is hardly an exaggeration. When the league failed in the Corfu crises of 1923, its advocates sought an excuse in its extreme youth. Give it time to grow strong, they pleaded. Five years later it tried without success to keep Bolivia and Paraguay from fighting. And another alibi was offered. Today, however, even its best friends realize that it can not permit Japan to defy its covenants and authority without inviting similar future aggression by other powers. If it can not make Japan keep the peace, certainly it can not control France and Great Britain—the two powers which chiefly control it. Failure of the league, we believe, would be a world calamity. Whatever its defects and weakness, it is the best peace machinery the world has. The Kellogg pact and the nine-power Pacific treaty virtually have been destroyed by refusal of the United States and other signatories to invoke them against Japan, who has violated them. Therefore it. is tremendously important that the leaue act now in defense of present and future peace. A Wage Cut Limit Bankers, having asked for more wage cuts, now are resorting to strange doctrines to explain their failure to improve the economic situation of the country. The October letter of the National City Bank of New York says: “What has made wage cuts finally necessary is the great decline in the prices of agricultural and mineral products, which drastically has reduced the buying power of those who produce them and made it impossible for them to purchase products

The Indianapolis Times (A BCKII’PS-B U\\ A Kl> NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Tiroes Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Jnd. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana, |3 a year; outside of Indiana. cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. HOY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER Editor President Business Manager ’ PHCNB—Riley >MI. WEDNESDAY. OCT. 14. 1931. Member of United Presa. Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations —— 4 - * “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

manufactured under pre-depression wage costs. The exchange of goods has been disrupted.” This might sound lkie persuasive argument if the United States census bureau had not just given us a complete picture of wage-earning America. The bureau reports that there are 48,832,589 wageearning persons in the United States over 10 years of age. Os these, just 10,482,323, including men, women and children, earn a livelihood in agricultural pursuits. Another 1,158,064 earn a living by extraction of minerals. So altogether, there are just 11,640,389 persons in the classes whose buying power the bank wishes to restore at the expense of the other 37,192,202. What makes the doctrine even more remarkable is the fact that no matter how much the price of manufactured products is cut by reason of cutting wages, a great part of the eleven and a half million people still will be unable to buy. Thousands of farmers have ceased to consume manufactured goods, not because they haven’t enough money, but because they haven't any money. Meanwhile, the other thirty-seven million wage earners and their dependents are buying less, as their wages are cut. The bankers are correct in wanting agricultural workers and mine workers back in the consuming class. They must have adequate incomes before any of us can enjoy real economic security again. But there is a right and wrong way of bringing this about. Whatever the solution of the farm problem, it does not lie in reducing the rest of the population to want. How They Live Six million or more unemployed! We hear the figures and we hear stories about breadlines and soup kitchens, and every one of us has had the experience of being asked for money either by men who are down and out themselves, or from organizations which will administer public relief. But just how are these unemployed and their dependents managing to exist? If they are not starving, how do they live? We wish the President’s unemployment committee would find out and tell us. The facts would do us good. We can stand to hear them. In England they have found out. The Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance undertook a special survey in eight industrial centers “to ascertain what happens to unemployed persons whose unemployment benefit is disallowed, and in particular to discover to what extent they apply for outdoor relief from the poor law authority, and if they do not apply, how they find means of support.” The English found out a surprising tiling. Comparatively speaking, very few of v,he unemployed whose benefits had been cut off were willing to apply for the dole. There was an intense hatred of the poor law, and millions preferred to use up all their savings first and then depend upon relatives and friends for help, rather than seek public charity. In fact, only about one person out of six of the unemployed whose benefits had been cut off had asked for the dole. But help from neighbors and relatives was responsible for keeping starvation away from 80 per cent of such homes. A man earning S2O a week, it seems, even though he has a wife and three or four children, will go on short rations himself to share with his neighbor who is earning nothing and who likewise has a wife and three or four children. A small proportion of those thrown out of work were able to obtain some sort of intermittent employment which brought in a little money. It might not be enough to keep the family going, but it would help, and after that relatives and friends stepped in. It would do us good in this country to know just how our millions in distress are managing to keep body and soul together. We hope the President’s unemployment committee and the Red Cross will give us the facts.

Back to Nature Harried by the world depression, the South Sea Islands may do worse than abandon the gold standard. They may give up the white man's standard altogether. In a resolution passed by the Agricultural Union of Tahiti and forwarded to France, islanders are urged to come out from under the “white shadows,” cast off the imported ways of missionaries and traders, eschew trousers, Mother Hubbards, schools, hymn books and wage scales. The appeal urges a return to the carefree tribal life of the early Polynesians before Capt. Cook’s ship departed, leaving a wake of drink and disease and the curse of Cain. Some Americans have been thinking along this very line. Climate and other little matters may prevent our adopting loin-cloths and grass skirts. We don’t exactly plan on diving for fish, stalking the wooks with bow and arrow, eating poi and making life into one grand hula dance. But this depression has started us wondering whether we haven’t made our lives too “civilized” and complex for comfort.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

DR. ALFRED ADLER, in his newest volume, “What Life Should Mean to You,” warms the very cockles of heart when he says a kind word for our old and much abused friend, the inferiority complex. This is the way he puts it: “Inferiority feelings are not within themselves abnormal. They are the cause of all the improvements in the position of mankind. Science itself, for example. can arise only when the people feel their ignorance and their need to foresee the future. Indeed, it' seems to me that all our human culture is based upon feelings of inferiority.” Now that is not only psychology, it's common sense. And what a welcome relief from all this talk about the need for every one to feel superior. That has grown not only tiresome but has made nuisances out of a large number of otherwise very pleasant folk. # n I DON'T know how you are, but I’m always overjoyed when I meet somebody with a well-devel-oped sense of inferiority. It is such a soothing experience after the bouts with the superior people. It gives you a chance to get a word in occasionally, to feel your own personality expand, and to see that you may not lie such a dumb dud after all. With these übiquitous S. C.’s, the sensation is different. You feel a good deal like a flat tire and finally come to actual dislike, what with having to listen to their cocksure opinions and the recital of their accomplishments. It may be true, as some professors tell us, that these superior people are the only ones who ever will get along in the world. Well, let them go ahead. And I always hope they will lope along so far in front that they will not pester the rest of us, who do not believe we know everything and are a little uncertain of our excellence. It's been my observation that the superiority complex is best appreciated at long distance.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS: . Our Love of Sport Runs to Hero Worship, but How Could We Produce Heroes Otherwise? YORK, Oct. 14—Times may be hard, but 30,000 people paid SIOO,OOO to see Sharkey and i Camera pound each other for forty-five minutes Monday night. Next day, the sports writers consumed SIOO,OOO worth of space telling what happened, why it hapj pened, and what is likely to happen. Millions of us read what the j sports writers had to say not only | with interest, but appreciative i understanding. Though not expert, we knew enough of the background, rules of the game and the prize at j stake to comprehend what they j were talking about. Besides that, they made it perj fectly clear in column after column j of readable English and picturesque ; phraseology. nun Individualism Survives YOU probably think I have started out to pan sport, j especially as illustrated by the fistic ! art, or take a fling at those hardworking scribes who do such an exI cellent job in its behalf. Well, that is not my intention. Even if I were not interested in sport, which I am, I hardly could fail to recognize the important part it plays in life, or the utter absurdity of trying to eliminate it. Love of sport is normal, chiefly because sport is the one field in which mass production cannot be substituted for individualism. If you can make one automobile, you can build a factory and make 1.000,000 like it, but you can’t do that with a champion prizefighter, wrestler, or tennis player, * tt tt Worship Makes Heroes AS long as people crave entertainment, they will be interested in sport, and particularly those phases of it in which two individuals are pitted against each other. Os course, this runs to hero worship, but how could we produce heroes otherwise? The great weakness of our educational system is that it puts such little premium on individual merit. n Brings Out Best SAY what you will, but sport leaves no room for doubt that there is nothing like a contest to bring out the best in people, and nothing like a substantial reward to induce them to enter contests. You hear folks say that we have too much sport outside the classroom. Probably we do, but did you ever stop to think that this is because we have so little inside the classroom? Youth wants nothing so much as to try its strength and prove its ability. Give it a proper chance and it will discover through its own efforts what it can do best. Rob it of that chance in one particular line and it will create another. tt tt Communism’s Flaw OUR schools and colleges are running to sport because youth demands opportunity to progress by means of trial and error, to risk failure for the sake of establishing prestige. It has been denied that opportunity by a system which has become hopelessly mechanical and which seeks to grind everybody out according to a common pattern. You can’t level life and keep it interesting. That’s the big flaw in Communism, as Stalin, shrewd politician that he is, already realizes. There must be rewards for the strong, penalties for the lazy and consideration for the weak, but this can not be worked out xcept on a fair field, with everyone given an equal chance at the start. n n n What’s the Score? WE need to study sport more, especially from the standpoint of its hold on people. Why do they like it? Why do they take so much more interest in it than in some serious activities? Why does a banker run out of his office every five minutes to see what the baseball score is? Why can the average boy make a much better showing in naming the players on every team In the big leagues than in naming the Presidents of the United States? If psychology means anything, this phase of our life is worth much more attention than it has received. * No Sport Depression nr'IMES may be hard, but not A hard enough to reduce attendance at the world series very much, or discourage football coaches for the coming season. You’d never guess there was a depression, to see the crowds at wrestling matches, or polo games. Some people say that this is all wrong, that we are only wasting a great deal of time and money, and that something ought to be done to stop it. You’d have more patience with them if the tendency weren't as old as the hills, if innumerable wars hadn’t been fought chiefly because people couldn’t find any other way to satisfy their craving for sport, for the trial by combat, which seems to be woven into the very fiber of our being.

People’s Voice

Behold, I am against the prophets, saith the Lord, that use their tongues and say, He saith.—Jeremiah 23:31. Large offers and sturdy rejections are among the most common topics of falsehood. —Johnson. Does the Guggenheim Fund for the Advancement of Aviation still exist? It was discontinued in December, 1929. What is the capital of Lower California? La Paz. Have diamonds ever been found in the United States? They have been found in Georgia, North and South Carolina, Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Wisconsin, California, Oregon and Indiana.

My, Sonny, How Fast You Grow

-R.0.5?R&-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE : Earache Must Have Expert Diagnosis

BY DR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvtreia, the Health Magazine. AMONG the agonizing pains that afflict mankind, earache ranks next to toothache in frequency, and probably next to what is called a “jumping” toothache for painfulness. Dr. Joseph Hopper lists some of the common causes of earache. The average man can guess at the cause of his stomachache or even at the cause of his but he will do little with trying to determine the cause of the earache because an inspection of the ear by someone trained in the examination of ears is necessary in order to make a certain diagnosis. Sometimes an earache is brought about by a boil or an inflammation in the canal leading from the exterior down to the ear drum. There was a time when any good toilet kit had an ear spoon as one of the accessories. The ear spoon disappeared long before the toothpick lost caste in polite society. It is now good advice never to put anything into the ear smaller

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—Wanted, a job. We have done all we can to help ourselves. Unable to find work, behind on house payments, unable to raise a loan to re-finance the house payments, put loan on furniture to pay taxes after the bank closed, father in bed. ill, threatened with eviction unless we can start carrying the payments on house and keep them up. Something has to be done. No job, no money, and if we do lose out here, the street, with everything gone. And yet, out-of-towners come in and get work. Why not start a campaign among factory men and everywhere else to eliminate out-of-town men, who draw their money each week and spend it elsewhere? Is it any wonder we are bitter, those of us who are trying, in the face of high taxes, to acquire a home? Even a S2O a week job would save our home and give us something to eat besides, and keep our insurance. I firmly believe that if the people who live out of town were laid off and the jobs given to the ones who live in Indianapolis we would not be faced with soup kitchens, bread lines, poor fund deficits, and all the other evils of unemployment. People want work, not charity. The ones with money are going to have to open their purses for charity. Why not open our shops and hold the manufactured products for the market? Unless the working man has a job, the wheels of industry do not turn, and if he is working he has to spend his money to live, and it is kept in circulation and every one enjoys good times. If the working class is not working, the money isn’t being spent. Those who have it hofd on to it, and we suffer like we have for the last few years. A WOULD-BE HOME OWNER. Editor Times—l wish to compliment The Times for taking up the fight against the public utilities, for The Times is the only paper in Indianapolis that has the welfare of the common people at heart. But we can not expect a reduction of rates until we get state officials who are not controlled by the public utilities and the Insull interests, and the Republican party is controlled for and by the big interests. The Democratic party never has been in the clutches of the money powers and a Democratic Governor could appoint a public service commission for the benefit of th people and not the utilities, as it is at the present time. And the voters should make sure, before election time, that their candidate did favor a reduction of rates, and also favored municipal ownership of the public utilities. Municipal ownership will solve the tax problem after it has been in operation a few years. If it had not been for The Indianapolis Times, dumbbells like myself never would have known of the meager wages paid by contractors on state roads, or of the water

than the elbow, and it has to be a small elbow indeed that can get inside the outer orifice. When a boil begins in the canal) it is accompanied by swelling, and the swelling means pain. The boil in the canal will come to a head just like a boil anywhere else in the body. When it comes to a head, it bursts and the swelling is relieved. With the relief of swelling comes relief from the pain. When there is a boil or even a severe pimple, pulling on the ear is painful and pressure in front or behind the ear, even as slight as may be brought about by chewing or movement of the jaws will exaggerate the pain. In such cases nothing at all may be visible from the outside. However, the physician who looks into the canal will see the swelling partially blocking the view down to the ear drum, and he can apply antiseptic substances to interfere with the growth of the germs, hot applications to soothe the pain and tenderness, and finally he can puncture or lance the boil to expedite the removal of its contents. In the meantime it is well to remember that a boil begins where

and light companies’ excessive gouge, and If your paper had been in the days of Rip Van Winkle, he would have missed fifteen years of his twenty-year sleep, for you sure wake them up. More power to you. WILLIAM LEMON. Editor Times—l have been a reader of your paper for a long time, and truly I believe you are the working man's friend. The big question in my mind is, how am I going to make men out of my boys on empty stomachs, in a cold house? We are just the ordinary working man’s family, three nice boys, 14, 11 and 3 years old. Always have had clean, comfortable furniture and a nice house that the boys could bring their little friends to and feel proud of. Never have dressed them except as ordinary children, but have been able to keep them clean, well fed and comfortable. Now old man “depression” # is here. Consequently, when they are ashamed of tennis shoes that are threadbare, have one pair of trousers each and say, “Mother, the boys laugh at our clothes,” and, “Mother, the teacher says if we don”t get our books we won’t pass,” what are we to do? We always have paid cash for groceries, so now when the last pay check is all gone, and it was received four weeks ago, Just what will happen? We do not want charity, do not want sympathy, just a chance in this world of plenty, to keep my boys the little men I have started to make of them. Will someone else suggest a so-

Fp C OANTIB' THC"-

WAR BOARD NAMED October 14 ON Oct. 14, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson named the members of the war trade board, composed of members of the exports administration board which it replaced. President Wilson appointed the new board under power conferred by the trading with the enemy act. The new board was composed of Dr. Alonzo E. Taylor, representing the secretary of agriculture; Thomas D. Jones, representing the secretary of commerce; Beaver White, representing the food administration; Frank C. Munson, representative of the secretary of the treasury. This board licensed exports and exercised control over imports. On this same date President Wilson officially designated Oct. 42 as Liberty Loan day. In his proclamation he said: “The might of the United States is being mobilized and organized to strike a mortal blow at autocracy in the defense of outraged American rights and the cause of liberty.”

the skin has been broken or irritated, and that any manipulation of the canal for the removal of wax or any hard instrument inside the canal may be the first step toward the formation of a boil. The second and more frequent cause of earache is infection behind the ear drum. This usually occurs from extension of infection in the throat through the eustachian tube. This tube connects the back of the nose with the middle ear. Forced blowing of the nose forces the infectious matter from the back of the nose into the ear. Then comes the hardness of hearing, the swelling, the pain, the fever and all of the symptoms associated with ear infection. The expert who looks into the ear will see the ear drum red, swollen and bulging. In order to prevent the extension of the infection to the mastoid, with the development of mastoiditis, it may be necessary to puncture the ear drum and thus to permit the infectious material to come out. This will not, of course, cause permanent injury to the hearing, provided the puncture is made soon enough to prevent destruction and damage of the important tissues.

lution to this problem that is facing hundreds of good people, even if we are branded the “unemployed?” A MOTHER. Editor Times—Dr. Clarence True Wilson and others like him may criticise the American Legion and call legionnaires staggering drunks who disgraced the uniform because of the stand they took on prohibition, but to my idea if the legion sees something wrong with our country, and feels like it is slipping from the way in which it should go, nobody has any better right to speak out than these boys who so gallantly fought for it. These same critics were mighty glad to send these boys across the seas to stand between them and the ravishing Hun, but since they have come home, they must stand with locks on their mouths while the country they saved is being raided by an army of fanatics, to keep from being called all kinds of names. If it stands true that these soldier boys now are a bunch of staggering drunks who have disgraced the uniform, as Dr. Wilson says, then right in the face of eleven years of prohibition, I want to ask the doctor to point out where any of prohibition’s accomplishments come in. A. R. WILKINSON. What causes the sun to move north in the summer and south in the winter? This is due to the fact that the axis of the earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the sun, but is inclined to the plane of its orbit at an angle of about 23 degrees.

Do You Know the Facts? The present is the product of the past. We can not understand the world in which we live; the country in which we live, unless we know history. Teachers and pupils, and all of us who have finished with school—as we think—will find a mass of valuable facts in the nine bulletins comprising the History Packet, which our Washington bureau has ready for you. Here are the titles: 1. History of the U. S. Constitution. 5. Words That Have Made History. 2. History of the U. S. Flag. 6. American Wars. 3. How the United States Grew. 7. The World War, Part I. 4. The States of the Union. 8. The World War, Part 11. 9. American Airmen in the W’orld W’ar. If you wish this packet of nine bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-10, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want the History Packet of nine bulletins, and inclose herewith 30 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.).

.OCT. 14, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Diminishing Sun Spots Will Make Radio Reception This Winter the “Best Ever,” Says Astronomer. RADIO reception will improve during the fall and winter, reaching a peak in the winter months which has not been attained since the early days of radio broadcasting. That is the prediction of Dr. Harlan T. Stetson, director of the Perkins observatory of Ohio Wesleyan university, Delaware. O. Dr. Stetson, who is one of the nation’s well known astronomers, bases his opinion upon a study of sun spots. He points out that radio reception was 400 per cent better in September of this year than it was in March. Radio reception, he says, has been improving steadily since last March and at the same time the number of spots on the sun has been declining. He says that there were 50 per cent less sun spots in September than March. The relation between sun spots and radio reception was worked out a number of years ago by Stetson and Dr. Greenleaf W. Pickard of the Wireless Specialty Cos. of Boston, famous pioneer radio inventor. Stetson and Pickard made a careful study of the strength of radio reception night after night. They compared these figures with the sunspot figures and discovered that as sun spots increased, radio reception grew worse. As the spots decreased, reception grew better. tt tt a Mystery Explained STETSON’S discovery cleared up a mystery which had puzzled radio fans. In the early days of radio, it had been possible to tune in stations 2,000 miles away with the aid of one-tube receiving sets. As receiving sets became larger and contained more tubes -nd as broadcasting stations became more powerful, radio reception, instead of improving, grew worse. Many attempts were made to explain this over-crowding of the ether, and so on. But the real reason, as Dr. Stetson pointed out, was that radio conditions continuously were growing worse. Sun spots go through a cycle, the time from a minimum number of spots to a maximum and began again to a minimum usually being about eleven and one-half years. By a strange trick of fate, radio broadcasting became popular just about the time that sun spots began to increase. The result was that receiving conditions were at their best at the beginning and grew continuously worse and worse with the passage of time. Conditions reached their worst in 1929. Since then, according to Dr. Stetson, they have been growing better. The improvement, at first slow, has been faster recently. Dr. Stetson believes that they will continue to grow better, reaching their optimum in 1934. tt a Great Whirlpools DR. STETSON points out the connection between sun spots and radio. Sun spots are now known to be whirlpools upon the surface of ! the sun. In one respect these whirlpools are like gigantic cannon, for they bombard the earth with electrons, the tiny particles of negative electricity. This electron bombardment effects the Kennelly-Heaviside layer in the earth’s atmosphere. This layer, more often referred to merely as the Heaviside layer is a layer of electrified or ionized air about fifty miles above the earth's surface. Radio waves travel up to this layer and then are reflected back to the earth's surface. Consequently, any change in the Heaviside layer has an effect upon radio reception. ‘Any change in the intensity or degree of ionization or electrification of this layer would have the effect of bending the radio waves more abruptly or less abruptly toward the earth’s surface,” Dr. Stetson says. "This would have a marked effect upon the intensity of reception. “When sun spots increase, the degree of ionization increases. This has the effect of lowering the Heaviside layer and decreasing radio reception. “When sun spots decrease, the degree of ionization decreases and radio conditions improve.”

Daily Thought

For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.—Acts 25:27. Justice is the bread of the nation; it is always hungry for it. — Chateaubriand. How long ago was the process of making artificial ice discovered? Dr. William Cullen succeeded in forming ice artificially in 1755 by evaporating water by means of an exhaust pump. In 1858-60, F. Carre discovered the ammonia absorption process.