Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 125, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 October 1931 — Page 4

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K S( * / *PJ •HOW AMD

Just a Start The announcement of the majority of the public service commission that rates for water and other utilities should be based on present-day prices is a start. It will mean nothing until it is translated into the bills sent out by the water, the telephone, the gas and electric barons of the state. The declaration that five and not seven per cent is a fair return in these present days should be followed by an automatic decrease in the size of bills. That cut will not come unless forced by an aroused and determined public. Electricity in these days is as much a part of our industrial and commercial life as the slave was the essential factor in the days of cotton before the war between the states. The man who can control the charges for electricity controls all industry and all business. It is true that the householder could get along with makeshifts. He could go back to the kerosene lamp or the tallow candle and toss his radio into the discard. But industry can not get along without this modern power. The black man of the last century has been replaced by electric current. The public utilities have become the government in this and most other states. They have worked secretly in politics. Their henchmen are to be found in the conventions of both political parties. Their lobbyists are on guard at sessions of the legislature. The ambitious know that political favors, either by appointment or by nominations, are given or refused by the political masters of these utilfties. They collect on political investments, not on service. Three members of the commission say that present rates are unfair and unjust. Certainly what is an unfair basis in Vincennes must be an unfair basis in Indianapolis or in Bloomington or Bedford or Fort Wayne. How long they will remain a majority is uncertain. Things have happened to members who, in the past, have failed to listen to the voice of the utility masters. Some have been kicked out. Others have been taken to other jobs. Some have suddenly changed their minds. I The time to fight is now. It is time to demand a reduction on utility rates. That will do more to help unemployment and the distress that comes from unemployment than penny pitching on local taxes or organizing of charity drives to determine how little a human being can eat and still live. Railway Mergers Os more Importance than the. request for a 15 per cent blanket rate increase is the agreement of the eastern railways upon a four-system consolidation plan. Only through some such coasolidation can the railways increase their efficiency to the point of adequate public service and a fighting chance against new competition from bus and pipe lines. Details of the consolidation plan will not be known until announced by the interstate commerce commission. Even then the public will not be disposed to pass judgment on the details. Whether this four-system plan is better than the five-system approach originally suggested by the interstate commerce commission, is a matter for the technical experts to decide. It can be left safely to the interestate commerce commission, which certainly is one of the ablest and fairest of all federal commisisons. But on the general proposition, the public apparently is in agreement with the President, }vho has said: "The chief purpose of consolidation is to secure well-balanced systems with more uniform and satisfactory rate structure, a more stable financial structure, more equitable distribution of traffic, greater efficiency, and single-line instead of multiple-line hauls. In this way the country will have the assurance of better service and ultimately at lower and more even rates than would otherwise be attained." We add, only, that the rights of railway labor especially must be safeguarded in any merger which is to achieve the maximum benefit. Through some such rationalization of the railway industry—rather than through a blanket rate increase, which drives away customers to the com—peting bus and pipe lines—lies the salvation of the roads. For. whatever action the interstate commerce commission may take this month on the rate increase plea, prosperity of the railways will wait upon sounder financing and greater internal efficiency. Sir Thomas -Work is fun!” With that motto Sir Thomas Lipton made a fortune and a world of friends. His sportsmanship did not begin, nor end, with racing yachts. He lived his sportsmanship. That was his attitude toward business, toward play, toward people. Small wonder that he was successful and popular. Now that he is dead, the world will retell the old story of his rise. And, somehow, his ability to climb from poverty to power seems more heroic set against the British barriers of class than the more familiar bootblack-to-banker biographies of many American multimillionaires. Like so many other%cotch-Irish lads of his time, he sought America as a chosen land. Unlike most, he returned home with his first 500 American dollars and set up his one-man business in Glasgow. But the bond with America never was broken. The mark of the steerage, of the Yankee grocery clerk, the New Orleans motorman, the Carolina plantation hand, remained as a human part of a very human gentleman. So It came about, when Sir Thomas made his tjast unsuccessful race to capture the yachting cup

The Indianapolis Times (A scßirrs aowiKu newspaper) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marlon County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Ma i subscription rate# In Indiana, S3 a year: outside of Indiana, 65 eenta a month. BO I'D GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551. SATURDAY. OCT. 3. 1931. Member of United Press. Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

from America, all of us Americans regretted his failure more than he did. He merely turned the failure into anew victory for perfect sportsmanship—a knight, indeed. An Air Raid Experts on such things long have predicted that the next war would be a hideous war of speeding I airplanes and poison gas—spreading everywhere, sparing no one. You would think that such a war just had struck ! New York City, after reading of the effects of a movie smoke screen that drifted down upon the streets, burning innocent faces and hands, ruining clothes. The incident occurred when a commercial plane threw a smoke screen around the navy dirigible Los Angeles, flying above Manhattan, to create a spectacular background for news reel cameramen flying in another plane. The gas drifted to earth. Hundreds on the streets felt the effects, voiced angry complaint. It is just because of such incidents as this that we need and have federal regulation of aeronautics. There is a rule forbidding the carrying in commercial planes of inflammable liquids or explosives that might do damage to those below, if dropped. Surely that regulation can be interpreted to cover this case. If there isn't a regulation covering it, there should be one. A Passing Monster? Most prophets in art and prose picture our fu-' ture as -one of the supercity. They depict bigger and better skyscrapers, which make the Empire State building seem a squat structure by comparison. Streets in several tiers, as well as series of tunnels underground, are pictured as necessary to take care of the vast and massed population which will take refuge in the recesses of these labyrinthian hulks of stone, concrete and steel. Mooring masts and landing fields are portrayed many hundreds of feet above the ground, on great platforms running from one skyscraper to another. This may be the actual course of the fajure evolution of our centers of population. But th 4 original • and adventurous architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, made it clear recently in his address at the New School of Social Research that any such development would defy both social logic and human well-being. As he pointed out, feudal castles were good structures when there were feudal lords and feudal customs, but, when feudalism passed, the castle became an historic relic. Various aspects of contemporary technological and commercial progress have made the congested modern city as unnecessary as the medieval castle on a mountain crag. Steam and electricity have made possible rapid transportation. The radio and movies have placed high-grade entertainment and public education in homes in small towns. Television is just around the corner. Automobiles make one independent of train connections and rapid train service, which once were linked closely with residence in a large urban center. Wright seems correct in his attitude toward the desirable evolution of our city life. Our modern metropolitan centers are the grotesque and inhuman product of a notorious lack of social sense and community planning in the last century. The massing of population was necessary when laborers worked from fourteen to sixteen hours each day and when there was not so much as a horse car to convey them to the factory. Once the city was launched on this basis, as a product of temporary necessity, metropolitan development has gone on piling up like a snowball, in utter defiance of the elementary principles of logic and human welfare. Removal of the necessity of urban concentration actually has been paralyzed by an unprecedented piling up of city structures and populations. Therefore, the sound polity for the future is to check as rapidly as possible the present insane tendency to make room for more caged human animals in the maze of city habitations. Bigger and better skyscrapers may be tolerated on the ground that their construction "will allow us to raze a vast number of lower structures and create great open spaces in such large cities as remain. It may be tactless for the radio people to tell Gandhi to talk faster, but there’s no harm letting him listen in occasionally to Floyd Gibbons. It was Just an irony of circumstances, of course, that England should modify its gold standard as Gandhi was preaching the Golden Rule... Things are so quiet in New York you can almost; hear the stocks fall. A husband's pay envelope may cramp a woman’s style, but if it doesn't, her style will cramp him. It’s okay to can the surplus, but not to bottle it.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A READER, disagreeing with this column that Anne Lindbergh was wise to go with her husband and leave her child, challenges my statement that a baby’s wants are simple and material. She insists that this opposes all teachings of modern psychology. May I remind her that practically any statement made about children would do that, since opinions handed down by students of psychology seldom, if ever, agree. I can remember when I w-as concerned greatly over this question. I read with avidity the complicated dissertations of the various schools and was almost a nervous wreck attempting to bring up my two youngest according to the rules, while I recalled at the same time that my eldest had had no psychology whatever in his infancy. a a ACCORDING to one authority, in whom I believed for a period, he was destined to become a vagrant and a burden upon society, because he had been brought up, as one might say, by hand. Then I discovered another who assured me that rearing would cause him to commit ruthless crimes. It then was too late to do anything, because the general opinion seemed to be that character forming begins in the cradle. And when this particular son occupied the cradle I was so busy with the fundamental struggle of living that I had no time at all to worry about psychology. Since that time I have read so many and such varied cults that I discount them all about 50 per cent and therefore am at peace again. I have learned to enjoy my children, something that few' theorists seem able to do. The greatest paradox of the age is psychology. Its foundation stone is the elimination of fears, yet it has succeeded in frightening the ' lodern mother into a state of continual apprehension,'

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M; E: Tracy SAYS:

We Insist on Election of Judges to Keep Contis Democratic; Then Insist Their Election Be Kept Out of Politics! NEW YORK, Oct. 3.—There really isn't anything new in this wrangle over twelve Long Island judgeships, except that Boss McCooey’s son happens to be one of the nominees. Outside of that, it is the same old story—a party agreement for the great and noble purpose of keeping the judiciary out of politics. One would suppose that the simplest way to do that was to adopt some other method of selecting judges, but we must be democratic, it seems, no matter what the useless motion, or expense. an Arguments Puzzling FIRST we insist on the election of judges to keep the courts democratic, and then we insist that the election of judges be kept out of politics to protect the court from partisan influence. It sounds like some of the arguments in favor of short selling, but let that pass. The only way we can elect judges, without getting the election into politics, is to have one candidate for each position, which means that the two major parties must get together and agree on candidates beforehand. Any high school kid shquld have been able to foresee what that would lead to in such places as New York, where both parties are ringridden and boss-ruled. tt tt tt The Collings Mystery SPEAKING of courts, the Collings inquest has been concluded, with a verdict that could have been arrived at two hours after the body was found, and nothing but a series of most peculiar mishaps, or blunders, to show for the two weeks of prying and probing. Even blase New York is ready to admit that this is one of the strangest murder cases in many years, not only because of the unexplained mystery it involves, but because of the jinx that seems to dog every phase of its development. Motives Lacking TO begin with, ' there is no known reason why two apparent strangers should have boarded the little yacht belonging to Benjamin Collings on the night of Sept. 9, hit him on the head with a milk bottle, or an oar, tied him hand and foot and thrown him overboard. Nothing has been brought out to indicate that robbery, vengeance, or a desire to prevent Collings from telling something that he knew was the motive. Neither has anything been brought out to show why, after killing Collings, the two men seized Mrs. Collings, put her in a canoe and carried her to another yacht, where they left her, with a supply of blankets. tt tt tt Widow ‘Disconcerted’ WHEN Collings’ body washed ashore one week after the tragedy, Dr. Otto Schultz, expert for the district attorney of New York, was summoned to perform the autopsy. Dr. Schultz since has suffered a nervous breakdown, which makes it doubtful whether his evidence can be used, while the body has been cremated, which makes another autopsy impossible. Mrs. Collings’ story, though unbelievably weird and fantastic, has stood up not only through all the cross-examining, but through some very queer treatment which the Suffolk county prosecutor admits was designed to “disconcert” her. tt a Victim N, 2 AMONG other things, Mrs. Collings said that the two strangers spoke of a “wounded man" whom they had left in their own boat when they boarded the Collings yacht. A second body having washed ashore some days after that of Collings appeared, it was accepted by most people as that of the “wounded man.” When this body was tentatively identified as that of William Smith, a clam digger of Norwalk, Conn., and when it was discovered that he and two other men had left shortly after the Collings murder, the authorities began putting two and two together. tt tt tt Spotlight on Florida THE result was that a man named Ritchie and his son were arrested in Daytona Beach., Fla., where they usually spend the winters, on suspicion that they had something to do with the disappearance of William Smith, which would be of far greater importance had not said William Smith been found alive and well. At the same time Mrs. Collings went to Florida on the slim chance that, though Ritchie and his son are obviously clear in the Smith case, they still may be the men who killed her husband. And then she could not identify them as the guilty ones.

COUNT CZERNIN SPEECH October 3 ON Oct. 3, 1917, Count Czernin. minister of foreign affairs of Austria-Hungary, delivered an address at Budapest which created considerable stir among the belligerent nations and was regarded as evidence of growling and acute necessity of peace. In part, he said: “Before we conclude peace, we must have the positive certainty that our present opponents have relinquished the idea of economic war. . . , “The question of indemnities which the Entente t Allies; always is advancing assumes remarkable completion when one considers the devastation their armies have wrought. . . . and compel us to continue this murder, then we reserve the right “If our enemies refuse to listen to revise our terms."

</?\S': S'* '>**'*W’ V //.<• v

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Reading Helpful to Mental Diseases

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of IlTgeia, the Health Magazine. ALL sorts of lists have been prepared of the reading material used by people for various purposes. There are books to be read on vacation; books to be read on the steamer; books to be read in the hammock, and bedside books for those suffering with insomnia. The modern hospital provides a library service for patients, because it is found that properly selected fiction is of great aid in procuring mental comfort. Recently Dr. Frank Lesley, medical officer in charge of one of the veterans’ hospitals, has commented on the type of reading material selected by patients in an institution devoted to mental cases. The hospital has approximately 1,000 patients, of whom 800 are able to get about. Os course, the patients look at newspapers and magazines, but they also read books.

IT SEEMS TO ME

EVEN a New York columnist should spend a certain amount of time in the open air in the pursuit of vigorous athletic exercise. And I am glad to report that I now have finished my quota of personal participation in sport for the year 1931. Retirement comes easily because I step back into private life as the possessor of a championship title. It is the first which has come my way since I won the tennis crown of the North Entry of Thayer Hall, Cambridge, Mass., in the year 1908. a a a Any Challengers? MY own exertion this time was modified by the fact that I was a seeded competitor. In the driving contest, sponsored by the Daily News, Sidney Skolsky and Fred Fletcher, employes of this rival sheet, engaged in an elimination contest. I expressed the wish to take on the loser. But the officials ruled against me and pitted me against the winner. I am glad to say that I won my title in spite of an adherence to the best principals of true sportsmanship. Mr. Skolsky, of the News, my opponent, drove out of bounds some ten yards to the right of the tee. Paul Gallico suggested: “He's disqualified. All you’ve got to do is just to tap it a couple of yards down the fairway.” This idea was repugnant to me. “We Brouns don't do things in that way,” I told the sporting columnist. Thereupon I proceeded to take a full St. Andrew’s swing. Cutting a little below the ball. I lofted it into the air several hundred yards. It descended majestically a full fifty feet in front of me and in the precise center of the course. I may have lacked horizontal distance, but my direction was superb. I attribute it to clean living. a a a The Next Revolution IT has become fashionable in America to talk very casually and enthusiastically of revolution interms of armed conflict. It seems convenient to many to suggest that the oppressed should take up rifles, fire a few rounds and then take over the government. But this short cut to the refashioning of our world can hardly be supported by the testimony of American history. In spite of the experience of Russia, the rule with us has been that warfare always leads toward the right rather than the left. After all, America has had two revolutions, and both fell short of their objectives. In a sense—far too tecnical—it is true that the colonists did make good a complete cleavage from Great Britain. But there were other announced goals which we hardly realized. After all, our forefathers committed themselves to an extremely radical doctrine when they affixed their signatures to a document proclaiming that “all men are created free and eqrtel.” It seems to me that after York-

I’ll Get My Share of This

It is interesting to discover that patients disabled by paralysis and by fractures indulge only in newspapers and magazines, whereas drug addicts, patients with inflammation of the brain, those mentally deficient, those who are constitutionally inferior mentally and who have psychoses, those with hysteria, overaction of the thyroid and various disturbances of the brain, add fiction to their literary diets. Alcoholics and patients with dementia praecox, a form of adolescent insanity, appear to prefer books on the useful arts. Those with the type of mental disease called maniac depressive, exercise a wide choice, reading everything from newspapers, through magazines to fiction, philosophy, sociology, languages, sciences, poetry, travel and history. Paranoiacs read tremendously in all fields. Twenty-five patients with dementia praecox were given special study. Four read only fiction, one nothing but biology, another fine arts, eight divided their time between

town this particular vision was hardly more palpable than in the days before the Boston tea party. Certainly America went on with a distinct economic caste system in spite of a democratic form of government. The checks and balances which came into our Constitution were designed to preserve the privileges of the property-owning class against the wish and wall of the landless and the disinherited. Even if I am to be shot at sundawn for the state ment I must insist that George Washington, the father of his country, did not exemplify in his own political opinions the doctrine of complete equality. I do not mean to add my mite to the anti-Washington school of literature. He stands as one of my favorite Americans. There is no questioning his military skill, his sincerity and force of character. Butrhe just didn’t happen to be a man of radical belief even in his own day. After all, he thought in terms of the soldier. He was accustomed to give commands and have them obeyed. It was not in his nature to render complete acquiescence to the wish of the common people. tt a tt We Need a Statesman AND, again, there were decidedly revolutionary facts in the Civil war. I am aware of the historical

These Utility Rates Need Probing tt tt a a a $9.79 Water Bill for Small Residence Is Deemed Outrage by Consumer.

Editor Times—l noticed in The Times recently, your article about the light and power company. You also should investigate the water company. I live at 3625 Hemlock avenue and last month my bills were as follows: Lights, $12.74; gas, $5.84; water, $9.79; total, $28.42. Water is about the cheapest thing in Indiana except the air we breathe, and to pay a water bill of $9.79 for a small residence is out of the question. A bill of $2 or $3 would seem more normal, and without doubt would bring a nice profit on investment. I have traveled extensively, and lived in Memphis, South Bend, Little Rock, Savannah, New Orlean, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles and San Francisco, and never have I had over a $3 water bill, not even in the hottest summer months. A $12.74 light bill is enormous. I have a Frigidaire, but certainly a bill of $12.74 in summer months is high. I had the light company check my bill. The excuse they gave me was, "Well, your bill was so much last year, so if it is the same this year, it shows it is not out of reason." I am a great believer in city ownership of public utilities. I suggest a bond issue and put in city waterworks, gas and lights. Rates could be

fiction and travel, one found pleasure in philology and natural sciences, and nine included with fiction such varying subjects as biology, sociology, useful arts, poetry, travel and philosophy. It seems quite likely that if twen-ty-five normal human beings were selected at random off the street, their choice of reading material would be about the same, except that in some districts of certain large cities it would be found that some of the normal persons did not even read newspapers. t It is interesting to realize the tremendous pleasure and benefit derived by persons incarcerated in institutions from reading suitable books. Unable to travel, they can by good travel books project themselves thousands of miles away. Finding life montonous and dull, they stir their minds vigorously by romance and mystery. The true place of literature in the treatment of mental disorders is a great one and is only, after many years, beginning to be appreciated.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

fact that the conflict did not begin as a clean-cut fight over the issue of slavery. Lincoln explicitly declared that preservation of the Union was his primary objective. The Emancipation Proclamation was a byproduct of the military situation. And yet there is no denying the vast importance of the preliminary work done by the radical William Lloyd Garrison, who was both pacifist and abolitionist. Second guessing about history always is a matter of conjecture. I believe that the notions of Garrison might have gone much further in the actual freeing of the Negro than the political philosophy of General Ulysses S. Grant. An armed conflict, which had at least some of its roots in the idealistic vision of universal fellowship, ended with a conservative President, who headed a corrupt administration. Whenever people try to make good their dreams of radical change through gun and bayonet, it is necessary to put some man on horseback. And when the last shot has been fired and peace declared, you have your problem to be decided all over again. For, after all, there he sits. And how are you going to get your successful chieftain off the high horse on which he is perched and back to earth again? (Copyright. 1931. bv The Times)

The People’s Voice

reduced 50 per cent, and within ten years the bonded debt could be paid off without a raise in taxes, and after that the profits would reduce city taxes by 50 per cent or more. The business men of this city should recognize the truth of this statement and back up the city in a fight to put all public utilities in city ownership. All newspapers would sponsor such a movement. I know they would see taxes reduced 50 per cent. San Francisco is a city of 600,000 people. They own even their street car system, one of the very few cities where the 5-cent rate is still in effect, and the system shows a handsome profit over expenses. Why? City ownership, out of politics. My salary hag been reduced once since the depression, and is going to be reduced again. Everything has come down from 25 to 50 per cent, but not water, lights, gas, phone or telegraph rates. Why? Monopoly. Something wrong with the system. I am not a Communist; just a middle class dt*zen, believe in my country and government, and boost the city I live in. I havq lived in Indianapolis two and one-half years and in Iniiana six years. I

Ideal* and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and ire presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

OCT. 3, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Gorillas Were Doomed to Extinction Until the Great Game Sanctuaries Were Established in the Belgian Congo. '"T-'HE late Carl Akeley, the world s greatest authority upon the subject of the gorilla, was the first to suggest the great game sanctuary in the Belgian Congo, the “Parc National Albert.” This sanctuary. It is hoped, will keep alive gorillas and other animals which scientists feared would exist in a decade or so only as stuffed specimens in museum. Dr. John C. Merriam, famous geologist, and president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, played a leading role in the movement which led to the establishment of the park. The park is a great area of 300,000 acres. The Belgian government Just recently has added two more park areas to it, one of 1,000,000 acres and the other of 500.000 acres. The story of the Parc National Albert is told by Mary L. Jobe Akeley, the widow of Carl Akeley. She now is the secretary of the American committee for scientific research in the Parc National Albert. The gorilla forest in the Parc National Albert Is near Lake Kivu in the Belgian Congo. tt a a Hunted as Trophies THE attention of scientists was directed toward the gorilla forest of the Belgian Congo by the 1921-22 expedition of the American Museum of Natural History. This expedition was under the direction of Akeley. “There in the untouched wilds of the Congo, - ’ Mrs. Akeley tells, “he secured a group of gorillas for a natural history exhibit for the AfrU can hall of the American museum. “Unwilling to take any life needlessly, he collected only five—onehalf the number of specimens permitted him by the Belgian government—because he believed this number sufficient to serve his scientific purpose. “While collecting these specimens, he observed the gorillas at close range and accordingly became impressed by the non-combative nature of the gorilla when undisturbed by man. “Mr. Akeley was surprised greatly by the small number of gorillas inhabiting the forested slopes of the extinct volcanoes, Mikeno, Karisimbi, and Bishoke, in which they had been reputed to be plentiful. He knew that many “mighty hunters” of big game were at that time eager to hunt and kill gorillas because they craved anew sport—new hunting trophies for their collections. “Realizing that because of the nature of the gorilla and the scarcity of the animal it would be an easy matter to exterminate the whole colony, he began to advocate the protection of the gorilla as well as of all other wild life, both plant and animal.” n u tt King Albert Acts AKELEY wrote to President Merriam, outlining his hopes that the Belgian government might be persuaded to set aside a gorilla sanctuary. Dr. Merriam at once took up the plan with Baron Emile De Cartier De Marchienne, then Belgian ambassador to the United States. The baron, in turn, took the plan up directly with King Albert of Belgium. The result was the establishment of the Parc National Albert. “Only professional hunters of big game were disappointed.” says Mrs. Akeley, “since they no longer could kill the big anthropoids for trophies. “Scientific bodies soon voiced approval. The National Academy of Sciences expressed in resolution its ‘gratification at the action of his majesty, the king of Belgians, in the establishment of the Albert National park for the effective preservation of the gorilla and other animals, together with the protection of flora of the region,’ and assured his majesty of its ‘deep interest and disposition to co-operate in the realization of the benefits to science and mankind arising from this wise and generous action’.” In October. 1929, King Albert appointed an international commission of scientists chosen from England, Sweden, the United States, France, the Netherlands, and Belgium, to administer the scientific work in the park. The American members are Dr. Merriam and Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn, president of the American Museum of Natural History. In 1920. the American committee for scientific research in the Parc National Albert was organized.

Questions and Answers

Jeanne d’Arc. Was the author of “God’s Step Children.” white or Negro? Mrs. Sarah Gertrude Millen, the author, is a white woman. Can rancid lard be made sweet again? No. Why are candles put on birthday cakes? To signify light and life. What happened to Leon Trotsky after he was expelled from the Communist party in Russia? He was sent to Siberia and later on account of his health was permitted to go to Turkey, where he now maintains a residence. What is the French name of Joan of Arc?

Daily Thought

By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were compassed about seven days. Hebrews 11:30. The highest order that ever was instituted on earth is the order of faith.—Henry Ward Beecher. fought for my country in 1917 and 1918, but, as sure as I am living, this country will be as Russia is unless there is a change of policies for the masses. j. p. MAYER. 3625 Hemlock avenue.