Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 111, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 September 1931 — Page 4

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An Intolerable Situation If the three members of the state tax board dare to hamper the school system of this city, in any degree whatever, over and above the protests of the citizens, they should be forever listed as “public enemies.” The fact that they even assume to have power to tell the people of this city how much shall be paid to teachers, to superintendent, to any employe, is as vicious a denial of local self government as was ever imposed by any emperor on a distant province. There may be some necessity for such a board to regulate differences between taxing units and perhaps to appraise state wide utilities. But when its membership, protected by precedent, goes into the detail of expenditures, then all power that the people have over their own affairs is gone. The power to tax, says the economist, is the power to rule. The conduct of the members at the school board hearing was so objectionable as to border on the infamous. The present board came into office as a unanimous protest against the management of school affairs. The two former business managers, during whose terms of office the people arrived at an indignant state of mind, were present as the paid propagandists of privileged taxpayers. They received courtesy and attention. The members of the school board and the new leaders of the schools were treated with less than courtesy. The groups fighting the tax levy for the support of schools and libraries are the privileged interests of the city, strong enough to hire paid propagandists. Back of the school board were the parents and teachers of the boys and girl, the plain people who know what they want and who know that the schools must be preserved. It is confidently announced that the tax board will listen to the pleas for tax cuts, covering their servility to the large interests by criticism of the salaries paid to the superintendent and business director. This, of course, is camouflage. If all executives worked for nothing, the effect on the rate would be less than one-tenth of one mill. What the tax board means to do is to compel the closing of kindergartens, of night Schools, of libraries. If this happens, the people will find a Way to change things at the next election. Indianapolis is not yet ready for guardianship, especially this sort of guardianship. The Short Work Week As out of the World war came the final achievement of the general eight-hour day in America, so through the depression labor is advancing toward its new goal, the five-day week. A survey, just completed by the United States department of labor, reveals that there now are 673 manufacturing establishments, employing approximately 200,000 persons, now on a permanent five-day week basis. This estimate follows a canvass of 37,857 establishments in seventy-seven different industries. It shows that 2.4 per cent have adopted she short week ior all or part of their employes, that 5.6 per cent mt all employes covered sh the survey enjoy the new schedule. The automobile Industry leads with 44 per cent of its employes on the five-day week. The radio industry with 34.4 per cent, dyeing and finishing textUes with 27 per cent and aircraft with 24.9 per cent follow the auto makers’ lead. This survey does not cover the building crafts. The American Federation of Labor last October estimated that there were 420,000 building trades workers on the short week basis. Estimates of the total number of workers under the short week run as high as 1,000,000, an estimate of the labor bureau of New York. Historically, it has been the federal government that has led all movements for shorter working hours. The ten-hour day was in its infancy when President Van Buren. in 1840, proclaimed the ten-hour day for all government workers. The eight-hour day w r ent into effect in government bureaus in 1870. In 1913, under Wilson, all government contracts provided for the eight-hour day on government work. Labor has the right to expect the government now to take the lead for the five-day week. Next winter will see a substantial movement in congress for the establishment of the five-day week for the government’s 600,000 employes, senator Watson, Republican floor leader; Representative Hamilton Fish and others have declared their intention of introducing bills to this effect. John J. Raskob, Democratic national chairman, has proposed to write the five-day week into the Democratic platform for 1932. The short work week is more than an emergency depression issue. Long after the depression is past millions of men will remain on the jobless list if the long workday schedule continues. Edward McGrady of the A. F. of L. estimates that the “disemployed” victims of labor-saving machinery now total 2,000,000, and that 3,500,000 will be jobless after prosperity returns. These must be absorbed by shortening the hours and days of labor without reduction of wages, or we will have a permanent pauper class to drag down our living standards and imperil our institutions. • Ritchie’s Power Plank Governor Ritchie of Maryland has announced another plank of the platform on which he is running for the Democratic presidential nomination. Government ownership of public utilities, either state or federal, he says, would result in political and economic slavery. So he told the utilities section of the American Bar Association Tuesday. The genial Governor, of course, didn't say that just to please the utilities men who were listening. He said it because he thinks it

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIFPS-BOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year; outaide of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER.” Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 6651. THURSDAY. KEPT, 17. 1931. Member of United Prese. Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Is true and because he thinks It is good politics to say so. Part of the Governor’s charm is the frankness of his ambition to be President. The bid he is seeking to make on the utilities issue is not directed merely at the campaign contributors among the utility magnates, but at the voters. It is not likely to prove a successful bid. By going even further than Owen D. Young has dared to go in support of the utility operators’ view, it seems to us, Ritchie has made himself even less of a candidate than Young has turned out to be. By his elaborate defense of state regulation of utilities, furthermore, he has proved himself many years behind the times. His system has been tried and failed. If state regulation were adequate, the power interests would not be able to get away with the financial kiting, rate boosting, and political manipulation of which they are guilty today. Only one thing stands between the country and government ownership. That is effective federal regulation. If the power interests prevent effective federal regulation in the future—as in the past—they will force government ownership. The economic and political slavery which the country has to fear is not through public control of utilities, but through the utilities’ control of the public. Porto Rican Progress One of the finest achievements of the Hoover administration is in Porto Rico. Perhaps in no other state or territory of the United States are the inherent problems so discouraging as in Porto Rico. But under Governor Theodore Roosevelt real and unexpected progress is being made. Roosevelt’s annual report, just made public, shows that; The budget has been balanced for the first time in seventeen years. The favorable trade balance has been increased by 36 per cent. Small industries have been developed. High monopoly food prices for such staples as milk, meat and bread have been reduced by the government. Both the general death rate and infant mortality rate were materially reduced. To conclude from these achievements that Porto Rico now is happy, healthy, and prosperous would be erroneous. One of the Governor’s virtues is his refusal to put a good face on a bad matter. He properly warns Porto Rico and the United states that there is a long way yet to go before life in that beautiful island can be made decent for the majority. As he expresses it; Conditions can not, “by any stretch of the imagination, be called good. They are not good, but bad.” The death rate still is 18.6 compared with 12 in the United States. The tuberculosis rate still is 26.3 compared with 25 here. No solution of the overpopulation problem is in sight. Homesteading for the landless peasants is very slow. And the political issue of independence or home rule is evaded completely by Washington. By and large, however, the record of the administration in the exceedingly hard job of colonial guidance in Porto Rico is a proud one. Statisticians report that the country has been eating less candy the last few months. We don’t know whether to blame that on prohibition or those Empress Eugenie hats. Dr. Walter Van Dyke Bingham, director of the Personal Research Federation of New York, says that engineers dislike people who borrow things. Darned clever, those engineers. The government is organizing unemployment relief. Well, something had to be done, now that A1 Capone might not run his free soup kitchens this winter. With all those explorers going to the north pole, one of these days the Eskimos will retaliate by organizing a Chamber of Commerce. Otto von Porat went back and won the heavyweight championship of Scandinavia. When he was here it seemed he couldn’t go back much farther. From the way those women led the men in that cross-country airplane race, even the sky isn’t the limit. Molecules, a scientist says, are as much smaller than a man as the stars are larger. Just about the proportion of chances of getting a raise. Then there was the New York haberdasher who posted the following sign on his store: “No business as usual during alterations.” A man was hanged in California the other day because he murdered somebody for $2.20. Everything’s getting cheaper.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

PEOPLE are always more interesting than places. At San Miguel, in Santa Fe, the oldest church in the new world, an ancient priest opens the door to the sightseer. Beneath the old beams, amid the faded pictures and the worn railings, where men and women have knelt to pray for hundreds of years, the aged brother displays to the casual caller his treasures. His back ia bowed and his hands tremble. But in his face there is the light of a great love for these objects of which he is custodian. As he taps for any visitor the old bell brought over from Spain in the fifteen hundreds, one sees that for him at least each tone is sweetest music. He knows the history of every picture and can relate all the legends that are kept alive there. Gazing at the stations and the crucifixes, at the placid Virgin with her Son in her arms, at the great La Salle enshrined along with the saints in this holy place, at the carven wood and the altar with its lace and its candles, one’s eyes always come back at last to rest upon the face of the old man. And how much more worthy of scrutiny is he than all his sacred relics. - # * * THE rest are dead things, preserved because they once were touched by the hands of forgotten men. For this aged father, bent by years of genuflections and labor,. with his fringe of white hair making a halo about his tight black skull cap, is, I have no doubt, worth more of our concern than all the inanimate objects together. Looking at his rapt and wrinkled face, one realizes that it would be sacrilege to slight any of the things so dear to his heart, so we gazed at his trinkets and listened while this thin voice trickled through the silence, and wondered all the while about him. Within this cloistered place, have all his days been days of peace? San Miguel and its memories are all his world. The flame of his affection is the only living thing within its walls. Its steady glow made the laded, dead place a reality. #

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

England's Tariff May Attract Many United States Manufacturers to Build Over There. Is That Going to Ease Unemployment Here? NEW YORK, Sept. 17.—A strike in the British navy is astounding enough, but a strike without anybody getting hurt, or even getting mad. surpasses belief. The irony of it is best illustrated by those cheers for King George with which the strike began. With that show of loyalty, the boys just quit, tying up the whole Atlantic fleet with five battleships and two cruisers in the first line. Asa non-co-operation movement, Gandhi couldn’t have improved on it. tt a a It Is to Laugh ACCORDING to precedent, there should have been a row at this point, even if it included no more than loud talk, but no one concerned seems to have got the least bit excited. The sailors went to playing cards, the admiralty called off the maneuvers, and the government said, “all right, boys, if you don’t like the wage cut, come ashore and let’s talk it over. Still, some people say the British have no sense of humor. ft tt it Do You Wonder, Too? ABOUT the only institutions that appear capable of staying put right now are Tammany Hall in New York and the Vare machine in Philadelphia. Both emerge from the recent primaries with flying colors, and that, too, after some of the worst scandals on record. Sometimes, you wonder whether we Americans really are opposed to boss rule and political corruption. t it This Public Sentiment ALL of us want liberty, but too few are willing to do the things necessary to preserve it. When you read the evidence brought out by various investigations, you feel hopeful, but when you observe the slight effect it has on public sentiment, you feel otherwise. Teapot Dome, the Pennsylvania slush funds, gang rule in Chicago, crooked judges in New York, racketeering everywhere, and crime on the increase—what is the general reaction, if any? tt tt tt Are We Going to^ Wait? BEEN talking about * unemployment two years, and what have we done, except to arrange for a few more soup kitchens and handouts? By and by, the situation will affect wages, and seriously. You can’t let a sag like this go on, without affecting the pay check, especially of those at the foot of the line. England hoped to tide over just such a sag with the dole, and look where she has landed. Are we going to wait until it becomes necessary to cut the pay of soldiers, sailors, school teachers, policemen, letter carriers and a lot more people, to “balance the budget?” tt tt tt This Is Pleasant SOME of our manufacturers are talking about building branch plants in England because of the proposed tariff. Do you think that’s going to ease unemployment in this country? Though compelled to seek a moratorium, Germany has arranged credits for Russia by which her industries are getting much business that ours should have had. Again, do you think that's going to ease unemployment? Most of the farm relief plans center around the idea of curtailed production, yet some people imagine they will result in more work. u u. tt Must Be Some Way FOR some reason, apparently unforeseen by the great minds, we have come to a situation where we must cut production in order to keep going, though millions of people are going cold and hungry for lack of the very things we produce. There must be some way to connect our abundance of wheat with empty stomachs, or put our surplus machinery to work where it is needed. If bankrupt Germany could arrange credits for Russia, why couldn’t we? If there are 40,000,000 drinkers in this country, as General Lincoln C. Andrews once declared, why let bootleggers get all the profits? tt tt Too Many Prejudices WITHOUT realizing it, we Americans have been functioning on a bunch of prejudices, cutting off trade in the name of idealism, refusing to accept opportunities because of some alleged moral principle. * Our prejudice against Victoriano Huerto only served to keep Mexico in hot water for ten years and lose us a lot of business. Our prejudice against Russia, while not doing her so much harm, has operated to our own disadvantage. Our prejudice against liquor has not stopped drinking, but has financed organized crime.

People’s Voice

Editor Times —An article by William Settle appeared in The Times recently in which he says that the equalization fee would go farther to educate the farmer to adjust his production than all the money that could be spent. Now just what do you mean by this statement, Mr. Settle? Do you mean that if w T e had 200 or 300 millions surplus that this fee system would show such a great loss to the farmer that he would stop raising so much wheat. Please explain, ONE INTERESTED IN THE FARMER. Is Greenland attached to the North American continent? It is a large island, unconnected with North America or Europe, except by suboceanic ridges. Who is the American consul-gen-eral in London, England? Albert Halstead.

‘HalSo That’s Where the Money Goes!’

1 . iii fimimrr'iw i i

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Heart Enlarged by Heavy Demands

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. THERE is no royal road to health by means of any daily dozen, or any other exercise formula promoted by some former trainer of prize fighters with the aid of good advertising agencies. The chief advantages of exercise are that the body’s general chemistry and physiology are stimulated, the circulation is aided and the elimination encouraged. There are no magical formulas in exercise that will guarantee freedom from disease or the presence of what is commonly called “pep,” vim, vigor and vitality. The latter characteristics seem to be just as much a part of the mental disposition as of the physical state. The big attraction in the field of exercise for every one over college age at this time is golf. Courses appear as if by magic on the outskirts of even the smallest towns. Every Saturday afternoon and Sunday father puts on his short pants and hies himself to the pastures where the gutta percha pellet is pursued hither and thither, mostly thither.

IT SEEMS TO ME

“/"VFFICIALS of the administraVJ tion” are reported as saying that the worry about unemployment is somewhat exaggerated. No one is quoted name. But the news stories seem to indicate that the “unofficial spokesman” has come back under cover to his old post. At any rate, the statements sound “inspired.” There is, to be sure, a reasonable line to be drawn between complete panic and Pollyanism. But from the beginning Mr. Hoover has played and overplayed the notion that to put a bright face on conditions might actually change hard solid After all, the notion that our difficulties were wholly psychological has had its day in court. This has been tried. It didn’t work. A little realism would be much better. tt tt tt No Time for Hedging EVEN yet we lack statistics complete and accurate enough. But the testimony of all competent experts seems to be that we are in for a hard winter. It is an excellent thing to stress the plain indications that our needs will be greater this year than last. In all probability they will be greater than ever before. Now, the problem of unemployment should be approached from two distinct angles. We ought to

FIGHTING AT LENS Nov. 17 ON Sept. 17, 1917, Sir Philip Gibbs w T rote an account of the fighting and bombardment of Lens, in which Canadian and English troop® faced the enemy. “Lens is a town of battered houses without roofs and with broken walls leaning against rubbish heaps of brickwork and timber. The enemy sent out a wireless message that the English gunners were destroying French property by bombarding the city, and then made a deep belt of destruction by blowing up long blocks of streets. After that the British guns completed the ruin, for there was a German garrison in every house, and in this kind of warfare there must be no tenderness of sentiment about bricks and mortar if the enemy is between the walls. “So now in Lens the only cover for the Germans and their only chance of safety is below the ground in tunnels and cellars. "The Canadians have filled the city with gas that kills and soaks down heavily into the dugouts and stifles the men in their sleep before they have tune to stretch out their hands for zr'sks.”

Every year fifty or sixty veterans drop dead of heart disease through overstrain in this mild form of exercise, but the casualty list is slight compared with that of motor cars upon the roads. Millions''of tempers are lost in bunkers and sanatraps, but the first good drive or putt brings that smile of contentment that even the worst of golfers enjoy occasionally. Doctors take their golf seriously. Many a physician nowadays prescribes golf for his patients. There is much to be said of the game as to its health-giving qualities. It provides muscular action and of the special senses, healthful perspiration and many other important factors. As with every other sport, it can not be played successfully when the player is fatigued either in mind or body. When we are very tired, we become irritable and slightly unbalanced. When the golf player gets too tired, he “blows up.” As mankind turns more and more to outdoor sports, physiologists and physicians give increasing attention to the action of the heart. The heart is but one of the organs

do a great deal of work in planning legislation which will get at the root of the trouble. However, even the most drastic sort of co-operation will require a little time before it begins to touch fundamentals. Even revolutionary economists, when pressed, must admit that their panaceas are not calculated to work overnight. Accordingly, in addition to deepseated plans, we must also take on that sort of help which is only temporary and which relieves symptoms without altering causes. There are some so distinctly hard-boiled in their political attitude that they would have nothing to do with palliatives. I have heard plenty of people argue that things must be allowed to get worse before anything can be done to make them better. With this I disagree utterly. I would have not so much as a single person starve to point a Marxian moral. Already enough has happened to convince an intelligent people that old modes and manners are in need of thorough-going revision. And we are an intelligent people. But we need to have things pointed out. Facts must be emphasized. And more than that, they must be dramatized. tt tt tt The Novelty Has Worn Off THE unemployment crisis has been with us for so considerable a period by now that it has lost much of its theatrical quality. We grown callous in regard to breadlines and accept them as a natural thing. Indeed, they may very shortly be admitted to the status of “acts of God,” at which point the Red Cross may be willing to step in. But it will not do to say, “These things have been, and here they are. Let’s muddle through another winter.” Few longer believe in the theory that overnight something, never clearly defined, will turn ur to alter the entire economic complexion of America and all the world. ’These conditions are of our own making, and in the same way of our own mending. It will take time. But brain and hand can be joined to pull the clay in place. The thing to do is to get a start —a running start would be best of all. But even the slowest sort of movement would be ever so much better than nothing at all. I suppose the first point in our rehabilitation must come through the national recognition of the fact that the problem in hand is worldwide. To be sure, some of the most conservative of Republicans have been saying that of late. The old idea of pigeon-hole prosperity has

Daily Thought

Be of good cheer: It is I; be not afraid.—Matthew 14: 27. Cheerfulness is an offshoot 4 o goodness and wisdodS—Bovee.

of the human body, however, and any change that affects the rest of the body is likely to affect the heart at the same time. When unusual demands are placed upon the heart, it will, like other organs, enlarge to accommodate those demands. A severe sudden effort thrown suddenly upon the heart unused to work may result in sudden acute enlargement. The hearts of persons of ordinary body build, indulging in ordinary amount of exercise, have not been found by invetsigators to be enlarged over those of persons who do not exercise but rather to have somewhat better functional capacity. In other words, exercise for pleasure does not cause enlargement of the heart, but on the contrary produces a strengthening of the whole organism. Competitive athletics, however, provide a different observation. Oarsmen, swimmers and marathon runners are found to have hearts enlarged beyond the normal. Skiers and bicycle racers have hearts that are even larger. Football players and boxers show relatively little change in the heart and fencers apparently none.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

been shot away. You can hear in many quarters, “President Hoover’s not to blame. This thing is going on all over the world.” tt tt tt I Know of a Good Quarry WELL, why not take the first logical step? If the condition is world-wide wouldn’t it be sensible to deal with it on that same plane? Yet some of the Very men who justify Hoover on the ground that he has been caught up in giant tides which sweep the earth are still ready to suggest picayune remedies, such as raising the tariff on broom handles or adding new restrictions to immigration. There was praise for the President when he did his part in bringing about the moratorium. Here, again, it seems to me that our national imagination is painfully lacking. If it is admitted that a year’s grace may serve the health of the world, why not two years’ grace? Why not twenty? Why not a hundred? Indeed, let’s be blunt and say, “Why not take the inevitable step and wipe out reparations altogether?” Rain drips through the roof of the world and falls upon the just and unjust. We need anew roof. I think I can suggest an adequate material. We should shingle our shelter with clean slate. (Convright. 1931. bv The Times)

Keep Your Good Looks It is a long exploded fallacy that a pretty girl is surely dumb and that a homely one is a faithful paragon of virtue. Every employer today realizes that more often than not the girl with neat fingernails will be a typist with neat margins on her letter^. Looking one’s best; paying attention to charm and personality; to good health and neat appearance are assets in any walk of life'. Our Washington bureau has ready for you a group of nine of its comprehensive and authoritative bulletins on Keeping Good Looks. Here are the titles: 1. Keeping Young 5. Care of the Teeth 2. Personality and Charm 6.Perfumes and Cosmetics 3. Care of the Hair 7. Weight Reduction 4. Care of the Skin 8. Weight Increase 9. Reducing Particular Parts of the Body A packets containing these nine bulletins will be mailed to any reader of this newspaper. Pill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-6, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: „ I want the packet of nine bulletins on Keeping Good Looks and inclose herewith 30 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No. City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most i'lterestinr writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naoer.—The Editor.

SEPT. 17,1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ A Scientific Textbook Which He Read at 15 Pointed Joseph Henry to a Brilliant Career as Scientist and Experimenter. JOSEPH HENRY is a name every American ought to know. He was one of the great citizens of America, a great scientist and experimenter, one of the men who helped usher in the Machine Age. On Aug. 29, scientists in all parts of the world celebrated the centenary of Faraday’s discovery of electromagnetic induction, the fundamental discovery at the basis of every electric dynamo, every electric motor, every transformer, telephone, Telegraph and radio set. The American Physical Society not only paid honor to Faraday, the great British scientist, but to Henry as well, for Henry was one of the pioneers in the same field. Asa matter of fact, there is evidence to show that Henry independently made the same discovery that Faraday did. But he neglected to publish his results at once. The result was that the credit went to Faraday. When Faraday’s results were published. Henry said to a colleague, “I ought to have published earlier, but I had so little time. “I desired to get out my results in good form, and how could I know that another on the other side of the Atlantic was busy with the same thing?” tt a An Eventful Career JOSEPH HENRY was born in Albany, N. Y., on Dec. 17, 1797. When he was 10, his father, a day laborer, died. The boy went to Galway, where he lived with an uncle and attended the village school. The boy acted as clerk and helper in the general store of the village after school hours. He spent much of his spare time reading. When he was 15, he returned to Albany to live with his mother. He tried his hand at writing plays, but apparently was not destined for the theater. During an illness he read a book on natural history, Dr. Gregory's “Lectures on Experimental Philosophy, Astronomy and Chemistry.” This was the turning point in his career. He attended night school to learn more about these subjects. Later he entered the Albany academy, acting as a tutor to defray his expenses. His original intention was to study medicine, but in 1825 he was sent out to survey a state road. He enjoyed the work so much that he decided to become an engineer. But he again changed his mind when he was offered the post of professor of mathematics at the Albany academy. In 1832 he accepted a similar post at the College of New Jersey, now Princeton university. When the Smithsonian Institution was organized in 1846, he became its first secretary. Henry attained world fame as a scientist. He received degrees from Harvard and other universities, became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Natural Academy of Science. He died in May, 1878. The president of the United States, cabinet members, senators, supreme court justices and other Washington officials attended his funeral. tt tt tt Discoveries Important ONE of Henry’s greatest contributions to the advancement of electrical engineering was the idea of insulated wire. This seems a very simple and commonplace thing. And that was just what it became after Henry thought of it. But the point is that it some times takes a very great genius to think of a very simple thing. Up to this time, electro-magnets were made by winding a few turns of bare wire upon an iron core. Thf resulting magnet was very weak, a mere toy. By use of insulated wire, Henry obtained a powerful magnet. This was because it was possible to wind many turns of insulated wire around the iron core. The powerful electro-magnet paved the way for Henry’s later experiments. In 1829, he constructed the first crude electric motor, the forerunner of the powerful motors of today which operate machines, street cars, elevators and thousands of devices of all sorts. Regarding his little motor, Henry called it “a philosophical toy.” “Although,” he added, “in the progress of discovery and invention, it is not impossible that the same principle, or some modification of it on a more extended scale, may hereafter be applied to some useful purpose.” Henry also built a crude telegraph machine. In it, an electro-magnet was used to attract an iron bar. The tipping of this bar caused it to strike a bell, thus giving a signal. Essentially this principle later was employed by Morse in development of the practical telegraph. If two strikes have been called on the batter and he bunts the ball foul, is he out? Yes.