Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 110, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 September 1931 — Page 4

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The Real Crusade However citizens or civic organizations may disagree on policies of public taxation, there can be no honest difference of opinion on the matter of the utility charges by the light and water companies. The charges have no relation whatever either to the money spent in the construction of these plants or their present reproduction value, a rule that was obtained by the utilities in order to tax the private citizen for the World war. The same conditions which prevail in Indianapolis exist in nearly every other city of the state except the few which have wellmanaged public plants. The drive by the Insull interests in the southern part of the state to make regulation even more of a farce is one phase of the situation. The truth is that the so-called owners of these plants have very little of their own money invested in them and most of the socalled owners have taken out much more in excessive profits than they ever risked. The water and power rates in the city of Indianapolis have become the greatest burden upon property. These corporations tax just as coercively as any levy made by state or county or city. They tax and can enforce their levies by threat of death or discomfort. Theoretically' they are limited in their earnings to a small percentage on values or investment or whatever particular yard stick they select. In practice the rates are unlimited, except by th w e capacity of the people to pay. The activities of the Insulls indicate strongly that the next political battle in this state will be one to determine whether the state can control Insull or Insull will rule the state. Every new plant he adds to his system becomes anew bit of conquered territory. • A courageous fight in this city against the water and light rates might encourage the whole state to fight later, to wage such a war as might produce a public service commission which is not under utility ownership and domination.

The School Budget Only a few corporations and very large property owners oppose the policy of the school board to maintain the present standards of education in the face of present unpleasant financial conditions. As the president of the school board, Russell Willson declared the opponents are corporations which send no babes to school. The fathers and mothers want their children to learn enough to prevent disasters. That can be done only by education. It is more necessary this year to have school facilities for every one, from kindergarten to senility, than ever before. The people have more time to study. Night schools and adult schools are essential. It is better to study than to brood. If there is any danger, it lies in the possibility that the control of public thought will be in the hands of the wage-cutters, the penny pinchers, the politically minded men of wealth whose only thought is to escape payment of taxes. Every attempt will be made to pass the burdens, both in taxes and in charities, to* the workers who are still on the job. That may be one way. For it is certain that there is no time to pass income tax laws which would produce a resemblance to a democracy of income in a theoretical political democracy. They Are Not Beggars Major-General James G. Harbord, U..S. A., retired, doubtless meant well when he told the American Legion’s unemployment conference he could imagine nothing more ridiculous “than going to Detroit with a program to relieve the whole country in one hand and a tin cup in the other.” The general was referring to the growing demand for immediate payment in full of soldier bonus certificates; which will be considered at the legion convention next week. But 750,000 jobless veterans, idle through no fault of their own, will resent being characterized as beggars. They and their comrades would be only human if remarks like those of General Harbord increased their determination to force payment now, instead of in 1945. We believe it would be unwise to make large cash payments to a single group like the veterans when suffering is general. Jobless and hungry veterans should have relief, but they should get it along with other elements of the population. There are, as we have said before, numerous and valid arguments against cash payments. Most veterans know they prosper only as the whole country prospers. They are not greedy, nor are they seeking charity. They do not want to use their political power to force special favors at the expense of the rest of the country. But they do want work and food. The surest way for the .administration and big business spokesmen to block cash payments is to make it certain that general relief measures will be adequate enough to remove the necessity for such special relief. Threats like those which recently have come from administration quarters will not deter the Legionnaires. Nor will insults. Dog-in-the-Manger A dog-in-the-manger policy on armaments has been fixed by the Hoover administration. It will not support any of the several official and semiofficial proposals for an immediate armament truce, and it will not offer a proposal of its own. At least, that was the dictum of the state department Tuesday, following several days of conference between Secretary Stimson and President Hoover. Nothing is to be done about the offer of a truce beginning now and running through the 1932 arms conference, made by Foreign Minister Grandi of Italy. Nothing is to be done about the proposal of Senator Borah, chairman of the senate foreign relations committee, for a five-year building holiday, pending a longer agreement. . The excuse given for blocking these planp is that they would require long negotiations at a ts £ when

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPS-HOWAHD NEWSPAPER) Own*>d and publUhed dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolla Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolla, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 centa a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents —delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. $3 a year: outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551, WEDNESDAY. SEPT. 18. 11. Member of United Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

European affairs are in an unsettled state, and that such plans and negotiations would interfere with the February arms conference. That excuse Is absurd. It Is precisely because the world situation is so unsettled and explosive, both politically and financially, that an immediate arms truce is needed to bring down the war fever and starve off bankruptcy. It is precisely because all statesmen know—and admit in private—that the arms conference will crash unless the international situation Is improved before February, that an immediate truce is needed. As for the long negotiations, which the state department says would be required for an arms holiday, the country has not forgotten that President Hoover acted over night in the matter of the debt moratorium. Perhaps Grandi, Borah and the millions of taxpayers in this and other countries who favor an immediate arms truce have not hit upon a practicable plan—though we think they have. That, however, does not relieve the Hoover administration of responsibility. If those other plans are not workable, it is up to the United States government to find a plan that will work, quickly. The developing world chaos will not wait upon the red tape of the state department, nor upon the waning hopes of a 1932 arms conference which never may meet. Nor will the prospective three-billion-dollar deficit of the Washington government wait. No Sales Tax In a season when most of those workers who are not out looking for jobs are having to live on curtailed incomes, it is astonishing effrontery that a sales tax should be suggested seriously as a way out of the country’s financial diffculties. That it should be suggested by a senator as close to Treasury Secretary Mellon as David A. Reed of Pennsylvania is disturbing, even though the President, according to other Republican leaders, will not support the sales tax plan. A sales tax is a tax on each piece of bread that poor men must eat, On each pair of shoes and overalls they must buy. It reaches into the pockets of the humblest citizen, even the beggar in the street, while protecting rich men from the fear that their incomes may be taxed further. It proposes to collect two billion dollars from those who have least, who conceivably might lack sufficient food and clothing if required to pay it. This plan could be supported only by men anxious to protect large fortunes already amassed and at the same time lacking in understanding of what is essential if money making is to continue. Bleeding the poor of dollars now is the intellectual equivalent of bleeding the sick in medieval times to restore health. Medical science has advanced since then and so has economic understanding. It is recognized generally now that prosperity in this country con return only when the great mass of people in the country again have money to buy goods. There is probably little danger that a sales tax law' will be enacted by congress. In 1921 business used every means at its command to have such a law adopted and enough members of congress refused to listen. This year, with the people less able than ever before to endure such an imposition, congress probably will reject the proposition in the summary fashion it deserves. M Without modern farm implements, it would require 780,000 men to harvest Kansas’s wheat crop this year, according to a bulletin of the department of agriculture. Proving that somebody in the D. of A. manages to keep busy, anyway. The movies, announcing a campaign for more wholesome pictures, cut down on production of sex films and broke out into a rash of gangster pictures. Well, and maybe we will have to ask Prof. Einstein to figure it out for us. A man wrote to a New York newspaper the other day, suggesting that as a possible cure for unemployment, one-third of the people be drafted by the government and shot at sunrise. But then one-third of the people don’t get up that early! The Lindberghs were having breakfast in Tokio the other day when an earthquake shook the building. Guess they wished they were safe in their plane. Judging from the number of women you see going to work these days, things are getting back to the way they were before Columbus discovered America. Maybe the current depression is due to the fact that there are too many salesmen and not enough customers. Once upon a time there was a bridge partner who didn’t have to be told the lead was iu the dummy. Now that Gloria Swanson is free of her third husband, she may marry again. And so fourth.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THE school administrators and teachers, we are told, will aid in celebrating the George Washington bicentennial, which falls next year. It devoutly is to be hoped that they will be permitted to present the father of his country to their pupils as he really existed and not as the usual D. A. R. hero. For here was a man of highest courage, of most amazing strength of purpose, who, during the years in which he has been acclaimed, has been the least beloved of all national figures, because he so consistently has been misrepresented to children. Hitherto they have known a Washington that could have little appeal to them, dressed as he was in the tinsel trappings of a perverted patriotism. Never has the greatness of his deeds been explained and seldom has George Washington, the man, been permitted to enter into the classrooms where Washington, the general, was enshrined. tt YET a study of the significance of his behavior should have a salutary effect upon the youth of this or any age. Let us, therefore, forget the pretty story of the cherry tree. Let us forget the warrior. Let us for once turn our eyes away from Valley Forge, and regard George Washington, the young man who had momentous decisions to make; Washington, the tory, the aristocrat, the loyal subject of Great Britain. For surely that young man is an inspiration to all those who delight in freedom. And he was brave enough to discard the beliefs that his fathers long had held sacred. He, was strong enough to overthrow customs and traditions bred into his bone, because his mind and his heart told him they were unjust To George Washington patriotism did not mean “my country, right or wrong.” It meant something more splendid, a dream of justice for the oppressed and freedom for the enslaved. H was a patriotism that counted men and their rights above loyalty to Wag. TT

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The American Legion Is in a Position to Lead at a Time When America Needs Leadership Sadly. NEW YORK, Sept. 16.—General Harbord gives the legion good advice. It would be ridiculous to present a relief program with one hand and rattle a tin cup with the other. Asa reward for services rendered, the boys have a right to rattle tin cups, a right to demand some of the loot garnered by stay-at-home profiteers while they rotted in the trenches at S3O a month, but they face an opportunity to do something bigger than that. In spite of all they went through, they still represent not only the most vigorous, but the most influential group of men in this country. They are in a position to lead at a time when leadership is needed sadly.

It Is Significant DECLARING that private enterprise is the basis of our material progress, Governor Ritchie of Maryland comes out against government ownership. This is especially significant because of Governor Roosevelt’s attiture toward state development of power on the St. Lawrence river. Both Ritchie and Roosevelt are recognized candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination next year, with power looming as one of the chief issues. nun Rank With States FEW PEOPLE believe in government ownership as a general policy, but many are willing to try it as an experiment, or expedient in spots, as a means of regulation, a threat which might help to keep the big boys in line. In this connection, it is only fair to say that private enterprise has ceased to be the free-for-all clover patch it once was. Many of our socalled private enterprises have developed into enormous public institutions, no matter by what name we call them. Some, indeed, rank well up with states, when it comes to revenue, pay rolls, and effect on the general welfare. # Americans Are Worried ACCORDING to the Daily Herald, the Tories, or Conservatives, plan to call an election in England for Oct. 15. The chances for Tory success are good, especially if an alliance is formed with those Liberals willing to support a tariff. The tariff craze appears to be sweeping England. That means dollars and cents to American manufacturers, who have developed a large and profitable business on the free trade policy. Many of them are reported to be contemplating the establishment of branch plants in England if a tariff is adopted.

Have Faith in Slower LAST week Moyle and Allen disappeared somewhere on their flight from Tokio to Seattle, and now they’re looking for that German plane' which left Lisbon a couple of days ago, which was expected in New York Wednesday morning, and which last was reported‘off Cape Race. Still, we hang up rewards for trans-oceanic flights, encouraging our best and brightest young aviators to gamble with death. Better by far, to put faith in the slower, but more constructive progress of regular flying. The air transport lines of this country covered more than 21,000,000 passenger miles during the last six/ months, with only five accidents and nine fatalities. # tt tt Now, Who Knows? A CHICAGO physician has discovered anew method of curing St. Vitus dance. You create fever by inoculating the patient with the right kind of germs, and that ends it. As happens in so many cases, the discovery was made accidentally. A St. Vitus dance victim was given a drug by mistake and developed fever. To every one’s surprise, he got well. Now fever is the remedy. Who knows but we have prevented a lot of diseases which nature used to cure other diseases? tt tt It’s Weird Tale THE latest New York mystery is so real that authorities can’t tell whether it was a murder, kidnaping or voluntary disappearance. Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Codings, with their 5-year-old daughter, were sleeping on board their anchored yacht one night last week. In the morning Mrs. Codings was found on board another yacht several miles away, Mr. Codings had disappeared, and the daughter was still asleep in her own bunk. Mrs. Codings says that two men men came on board some time during the night, called her husband, demanded to be taken across Long Island sound to Connecticut and threw him overboard after more oi less argument. She says that then they put her in a canoe, rowed some distance and finally marooned her on the yacht, where she was found. It’s a weird tale, particularly because it reveals no motive for anybody doing anything.

ITALIAN VICTORIES Sept. 16

ON Sept. 16, 1917, the Italians made notable gains on the Bainsizza plateau, achieving great engineering feats. When news of the Italian victories reached Trieste and Istria, there was great rejoicing. Desperate campaigns were being waged on several other fronts on this same date. Four German planes were brought down jn the French front. Turks captured ridge positions on the Turkish-Persian frontier along the heights formed by the mountains of Shibarochut and Bouldareeh. Rissians captured a sector near Kronberg Farm, but were repulsed la I counter-attack,

Who Says They Don’t Come Back?

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Moderation Best Rule for Health

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THERE are all sorts of baths for all sorts of purposes. A warm bath cleanses the body, draws the blood to the surface, increases perspiration and has a soothing effect. Bathing in very hot water is dangerous, particularly to a weakened person. Cold baths taken in the morning stimulate the nerve endings in the skin and drive the blood from the surface, to which it returns with a rush when the person comes out of the bath and rubs himself briskly with a towel. The worst fanatic for his friends is the cold water bath fanatic. There was a time when the skin was considered merely a covering for the human body. Nowadays the skin is recognized as a mirror of the human body. A good skin, which indicates a

IT SEEMS TO ME BY ri BROUN D

I DON’T pretend to be any great authority on the manners and moods of 18-year-old American boys and girls. Nevertheless, I doubt the complete soundness of the generalizations attributed in the newspapers to Miss Edna Ferber. Miss Ferber is quoted as saying that America “is the only great country that has no youth move-

People’s Voice

Editor Times—With ad due respect to Miss Hanna Noone, believing she is doing ad she can to relieve distress, I, with many others of our fair city, seek enlightenment. The two questions are: 1. Under what contract and how much was the difference in the total paid and total spent for the building of Perry stadium? It is generally understood it was built by poverty-stricken citizens for groceries. Is this correct? 2. The school board usually pays 40 cents an hour every summer for men to wash wads and refinish floors. This summer men have been made to work sixteen hours for what is claimed to be a $3 basket of groceries. If a man had the money, he could buy the same for $2, and it wouldn’t have to be beans, stale bread and a hunk of dog meat for a daily dessert, either. The ratio is $2 (or what they cad $3 worth of groceries), equivalent to $6.40 in money, or actual labor. What is done with the balance? If the poverty-stricken citizens hadn’t been made to do this work for groceries, men would have received pay for it and had money to do something else with. No wonder Governor Leslie wants more roads taken into the “made work” program. No wonder the city and Riley hospitals are having work done. With factories operating in our “No Mean City” on 10 and 15 cents an hour wage scales, working, even women, seven days a week until 9 and 11 o’clock each night, I suppose more will soon be operating on “a basket of groceries a week.” Are we slaves, peasants or freeborn American citizens with equal rights to all, special favors to none, allowed the pursuit of happiness and a home and Uvelihood? Citizens, you be the judges. CITIZEN. Editor Times—ln your issue of Sept. 2 someone asked who was the author of . the proverb, “A house divided against itself can not stand.” In answer someone said, “Abraham Lincoln, speaking of the trouble between the north and south.” I would like to suggest to the party who gave that answer, and to all who may have read it and didn’t know that it wasn't true, that they get out their Bibles and read the twenty-fifth verse of the third chapter of the Gospel according to St. Mark. Not having read all the books in the world, I do not know whether or not this was the first time the expression was used, but I do know that it antedates Abraham Lincoln some 1,800 years.

generally healthful condition, is one that is fairly firm, does not sag, that is free from pimples, and that does not scale away. In the care of the skin, ordinary bathing with soap and water sufficiently frequent will keep it clean and healthful. Like other domesticated creatures man did not always live outdoors. A certain amount of time out-of-doors every day is necessary for health. During this period one may inhale fresh air, secure sunlight and indulge in moderate exercise. This does not mean that every one ought to be an out-of-door fanatic, a maiathon runner or a hun-dred-mile walker. The road to health does * not lie in the exceptional performance, but in a simple routine of average performance. Outdoor exercise should be indulged in regularly, but not to the point of fatigue, or irritating sunburn, or of undue exposure. The indoor man succumbs easier to exposure than the one who is used to

ment.” She also expresses the opinion that college boys and girls have absolutely no serious conversation. a a u Look at Tourist Sections LIKE any sweeping statement, some of the things that the famous novelist says may be true. But I rather think she based her opinion upon the particular group of youngsters who came back across the ocean with her on the lie de France. Now, the first-cabin lad and miss hardly constitute a complete crosssection of America. To Miss Ferber’s ear these sons and daughters of the well-to-do seemed excessively addicted to slang stencils such as “Oh, yeah!” and “It’s the bunk!” Probably even her fellow ocean voyagers might have shown some capacity for intelligent conversation if found at ease. After all, any 18-year-older is likely to feel somewhat abashed in the presence of a writer whose work is very well known. Youth is traditionally awkward, particularly here in America. And many an “Oh, yeah!” may be listed under that familiar face saver, defense mechanism. tt tt Many Are Too Serious It is not entirely so that American youth lacks political social ininterests. I know more about the high schools of New York than the colleges hereabouts. And certainly there is far more political ferment today than was ever known twentyone years ago in my alma mater, Horace Mann. In every big local high school, discussion rages very fiercely between the radical groups. The young Socialists and the young Communists constantly are at loggerheads. There is much distribution of literature and all kinds of fierce and acrimonious debate. The college with which I have had closest oontact in the last few years is C. C. N. Y. And here, again, there is scant engrossment in frivolity. The military training issue has been fought up and down the front psges and across the campus for the last ten years. A brief visit to Princeton last spring convinced me that here, too, there was a far greater interest in political problems than Harvard manifested back in 1910. It is impossible that the youth of today can be wholly impervious to the vast ferment which is bubbling all about him. In the days when one became after graduation a Republican or a Democrat, there really wasn’t much to talk about. The issues involving these two parties then, as now, were trivial. a m tt An Overprecocious Child THE war also made a difference in the depth and nature of adolescent thought. I will grant

Daily Thought

And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.— Corinthians 13: 13. As the purse is emptied, the heart is filled. —yi4qr Hugo.

spending considerable time in the open. The pleasures of life may be divided into indoor and outdoor sports, the indoor life for mental relaxation, the outdoor life for exercise and physical health. A change of occupation or of scene is of value in promoting longevity, but dissipation is not recreation. The trend of modern life seems to be toward speeding up to greater mental strain and almost ceaseless activity. Today the business man’s panacea is golf, but golf may be merely a mental relaxation. Too much attention to the 19th hole, and six hours of dissipation after a heavy dinner may undo all of the good effects of the eighteen holes of actual play in the afternoon. The oldest aphorism in personal hygiene is a plea for moderation in all things. A heathful life requires, of course, play, rest and sleep, but even these must be in moderation.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naner.—The Editor.

that the fledglings here are far less articulate than those of England, France and Germany. Yet even this is not always an unmixed evil. On the same night that I spoke in Princeton, I happened into a New York home on my return and ran into young Randolph Churchill, the son of the British political leader. Several men at least twice the age of the young Briton were engaged in serious discussion about wages, prices, and the depression. But not one of them ever was able to find a sentence, for young Churchill was equipped with some dogmatic opinion on every theme, and he never waited his spots before leaping in. I remembered then, with almost a patriotic glow, the curiously dissimilar attitude of the young Princetoniaas. All their inquiries were prefaced with, “Well, what do you think, sir?” I had never been stirred so much in my life, and I’d rather not have it happen again in such generous quantities. It made me feel my age too keenly. Words Alone Unimportant STILL, there are times when a certain taciturnity becomes those below voting age. A lot of thinking can be done before it gets into words. And even an “Oh, yeah!” may cover a keen and critical judgment concerning the world and its affairs. I mean it is so much more important that youth should think straight than that it should be “facile in expression. Os course, we are dealing with something now which is almost wholly a matter of opinion. One must guess as to what goes on in still and silent pools. But people the world over are so fundamentally alike that I can’t believe we are raising up anew genera a untouched by the lessons which have roared and thundered up to the very skies. (CooyriKht. 1931, by The Times)

Cheaper in Long Run Yes, it’s cheaper to give your family a proper diet. You’ll keep them happy and healthy and reduce the doctor’s bills if you know something about what the human body needs daily in the way of food Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin on PROPER DIET, telling in nontechnical language that every housewife can understand just how to feed her family: The functions of minerals, protein, starch, sugars, fats, cellulose and flavoring. It tells the proper quantities of the various kinds of foods, gives sample meals for a family, suggestions on meal planning, and a week’s menus. You will find this bulletin full of the facts you want to know about proper diet. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 148, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin PROPER DIET, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

.SEPT, 16,1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Bronze Statue to Mark Birthplace of Famed French “ Father ” of Theory on Origin of Solar System. A MEMORIAL Is to be erected at Beaumont, France, the birthplace of the Marquis Pierre Simon De Laplace. Laplace, great French mathematician and astronomer, is best known as the originator of the nebular hypothesis to account for the origin of the solar system The monument is to take the form of a bronze statue upon a granite base. It is planned to exhibit the statute at the next Paris Salon and to dedicate it some time during the summer of 1932. The hundredth anniversary of the death of Laplace occurred in 1927. It is a curious commentary upon the man’s career that the piece of work for which he is best remembered did not seem important to him at the time he originated it. He published his peculiar hypothesis as a mere note in a book which he published in 1796 titled “Exposition Du System Du Monde.” But his hypothesis dominated literary as well as scientific thought for a century.

Poetic Expression LAPLACE’S theory found its finest poetic expression in the words of Lord Alfred Tennyson. He wrote: “This world was once a fluid haze of light. Till toward the renter set the starry tides And rddird into suns, (hat wheeling cast The planets, then the monster, then the man.” Laplace believed that the solar system began as a great heated, rotating nebula. Contraction, he believed, caused it to assume the form of a blazing globe. He imagined, however, that as further contraction went on, the matter around the equatorial region of the globe failed to contract. In time, this resulted in a globe surrounded by a great ring of gaseous material. This ring, Laplace thought, was unstable and so broke up. But gravitational action caused it to collect into a globe. This second globe then went through the same process. Laplace imagined that this process went on until all the planets and their satelites had been cast in this fashion, the first globe constituting the sun. Science today has abandoned the theory of Laplace. It is thought today that the planets and their satelites were formed from material pulled from the sun by the gravitational action of a passing star.

HiS Introduction lAPLACE was born on March J 28, 1749. ITis father was a farmer. Rich neighbors were attracted by the boy and arranged for his education. He attended the military school at Beaumont and in time became a teacher of mathematics there. In 1767 he went to Paris with letters of recommendation to D’Alembert, the great mathematician. But D’Alembert ignored the letters. Next Laplace wrote a paper on the principles of mechanics and sent that to the great mathematician. This brought an immediate response. “You needed no introduction. You have recommended yourself; my support is your due,” D’Alembert wrote. He proved he meant it by obtaining Laplace a post as professor of mathematics at the Escole Militaire in Paris. Soon Laplace and his colleague, Lagrange, began the publication of their brilliant papers upon the solar system. These papers represent the continuance of the work which was begun by the great Sir Isaac Newton when he announced his gravitational theory in his "Principia.” Laplace and Lagrange clinched the Newtonian system by brilliant analyses of the motions of the various planets. In this connection, it is of interest to compare the relations of the work of Laplace, Lagrange, D'Alembert, Euler and others, to that of Newton, with the relations of recent work to that of Einstein. Some readers have been wondering what the extensions of Einstein’s work at the hand of De Sitter, Eddington, Le Maitre, and others has meant. It has meant that history is repeating itself; that the Einstein theory is proving a foundation for new edifices, just as, in its day, did the Newtonian theory.

Questions and Answers

What is the cause of the earth’s heat? It comes almost entirely from the sun. Minute quantities of heat come from the interior of the earth, mostly as a result of volcanic action, hot springs and geysers, but if the heat of the sun were suddenly withdrawn the earth would become very cold at once, and life would not be possible. WTio was the first chief justice of tile United States Supreme court? John Jay.