Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 108, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 September 1931 — Page 4

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iCAIPPJ - H ow AM and

Resignations In Order Governor Leslie is to be commended for his action in ordering the highway commission to explain its action in the purchase of trucks after a decision to use its funds for work on roads, in the hope of giving jobs to a few of the jobless in the state. The manner in which trucks have been bought in the past has been a scandal known to practically every one except the Governor. He has at last, apparently, come to the conclusion that the commission needs investigation. One firm has received practically all the business, and the bids on which contracts have been let have been peculiar. This firm employs a member of the budget committee as its salseman. The statement that he does not personally handle the sa’/s to the commission has no force. The budget committee fixes salaries. Every employee of commission knows of there relationship. Pleasing the budget commission is quite as necessary and important as pleasing the Governor. There is always pressure, even if not directly exerted. This same firm has as one of its heads a public ofltaal who takes all responsibility for whatever salesmanship is involved in selling to the state. The law rather specifically says that no state official shall have a direct or indirect interest in any contract with the state. That phase of the matter has been ignored. Other truck builders who employ all Indiana labor in the construction of their product have been passed By. This firm with its battery of officials on the jt>b gets the business. Much of the money goes out of the state. Now that he has been ignored and flaunted, Governor Leslie wants to know about it and show's some courage in prying open the lid. Perhaps he may have more courage and suggest to the members whose handling of the immense highway funds has been of doubtful judgment, that they are no longer needed in the service of the state. The final solution will be in the proposal killed by the last legislature to put road building in the hands of experts who give all their time to the work instead of running the show on a political basis. Until that happens, the best solution is changing the membership of the commission. It can stand more Sapps and fewer saps.

For An Arms Holiday Senator Borah with his naval holiday proposal may have started something. We hope so. Ten years ago it was at Borah’s suggestion, winning rapid public support, which forced a conservative Republican adminstration to call the Washington arms conference. Last Saturday—speaking through the ScrippsHoward newspapers, which have been urging a drastic cut in armament appropriations to balance the budget, Borah caught world attention with his new plan. “I should like to see an effort made to obtain a naval holiday covering all construction on the part of the five powers (United States, Great Britain, Japan, France and Italy) for the term of five years, or for as long as can be obtained,” he said. “The United States is passing her deficit, her current expenses, on to posterity—a thing almost unLpard of in this country . . It seems to me that we might move boldly in the matter of lifting a part of the armament burden . . . “The people, in my opinion, are far ahead of their leaders in this respect, for it is they who suffer most from the terrific taxes piling up for maintenance of great armies and navies. Money that should go to provide people with jobs should not be used to make more ships of war.” * * * Today in our news columns we publish statements from other senators supporting the Borah holiday proposal and the general idea of cutting the armament budget. * It especially is significant that these senators represent no one party or group, but all parties and all groups. They range from conservative Republican regulars, such as Majority Leader Watson, to Democrats such as Senators Caraway and Sheppard, and progressives such as Senators Frazier and La Follette. A few of these political leaders, such as La Follette and Borah himself, long have fought for effective reduction of armament budgets. But most of them have not. * Most of them arc aroused now, as never before, because the expensive armament race which is bankrupting Europe finally has struck us in the form of the largest federal deficit in our peace-time history. They know that the depressed taxpayer—not to mention the one-quarter of our population suffering directly or indirectly from unemployment—can not carry the present armament burden much longer. * * * Perhaps the most strikhig of our interviews today on this subject is the one with Representative Will Wood of Indiana. Wood is the conservative chairman of the powerful house appropriations committee and of the Republican national congressional committee. This master of the federal money bag charges: “Our army and navy are running riot, and for no good reason their combined prewfir expenditures averaged $266,000,000. They came to $618,000,000 during the Coolidge administration and now they are about $750,000,000 a year. At that rate there is no limit to what we may be called upon spend for armaments. To build up to the London treaty standard would cost us $1,000,000,000. “We have the least excuse to spend tremendous gums on armaments, in view of our geographical Situation and our professions of a desire for disarmament. Everybody is talking disarmament, but nobody is doing anything. We should take the lead in a real movement to promote international peace and international recovery from the depression.” * • • President Hoover thus will have powerful support in congress if he means to do anything about arms reduction, which he has talked, of so often and go enthusiastically. - ■ Assured in advance of the co-operation of such Key men in congress as Borah, the Progressive chairman of the senate foreign relations committee; Watan, the Republican floor leader of the Senate, and Wood, head of the house appropriations committee, what more could the President ask in preparation for a victory in congress? * Abroad, responsible government officials such as Foreign Minister of Italy are proposing an arms holiday running through the 1932 arms conference. That suggestion has received widely favorable response from the people of all countries and from at leist of most of the larger nations. Great Britain, in the .midst of her most crjsift, ga£ represented at Geneva by Lord

The Indianapolis Times <A SCRIPPS-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (cxcepU Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-230 West Maryland Street, Itwlianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents —delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscrip, tion rates in Indiana, $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD OCRLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 8581. MONDAY. BEPT. 14. IJ3I. Member of United Press. Scripns-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Robert Cecil, the most brilliant of disarmament advocates, is ripe for the arms holiday plans of Grandi and Bcrah. When will President Hoover act? * Walls of Silence The federal farm board might be the first target for Washington newspaper correspondents who are trying to break down 4 for the public the offiicial “wall of silence” that has been raised there recently. The board traded wheat to Brazil for coffee, and the story finally leaked dut m Brazil. The board sold wheat to China for the flood sufferers, but the public was kept ignorant until President Hoover “scooped” his own board and announced the deal. Then the sale of wheat to Germany by the board was reported in Germany and brought here by the cables. The board was surprisingly ignorant of the negotiations. On Thursday, Sept. 10, Chairman James C. Stone refused to confirm or deny the German deal. Then,'on Friday, Sept. 11, the board issued a mimeographed statement saying the German deal has been consummated. It said the “agreement was entered into as of Sept. 5,” that it was signed by the Grain Stabilization Corporation, farm board agency, bn Sept. 7, and by the Germans on Sept. 11. Yet, three days after the stabilization corporation signed, Stone neither could deny nor confirm the deal. Business secrets have their place, we suppose. But they have no place in government business, which is conducted—and in this instance at a great loss—with the people’s money.

Good Old American Doctrine Governor Gifford Pinchot of Pennsylvania may fall somewhat short of Thomas Jefferson in his understanding of the social contributions of light wines and beer. But it is doubtful if even the sage of Monticello ever set forth a more ringing defense of the principles of free speech than was contained in a warning sent by Pinchot to a city official of Lansdale, demanding fairness for striking laborers: “I have before me newspaper reports of arrests made in Lansdale of persons w r ho were attempting without disorder to exercise the right of free speech guaranteed to them by the Constitutions of the state and nation. “The Constitution of Pennsylvania says: ‘The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights of man, and every citizens may freely speak, write and print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty." “The Constitution of the United States says: ‘Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or,the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.’ “If the Constitutions of the State and the nation mean what they say, then free speech is a fundamental right of every American citizen, and the denial of free speech is unlawful. “Both you and I are sworn to uphold the Constitutions and the laws of the United States and this commonwealth. I desire to call your attention pointedly to this fact, and to the fact that obedience to the Constitution is the duty of every American citizen, including yourself. “Last month the hunger marchers came to Harrisburg. They were led by Communist agitators whose principal purpose was to stir up trtmble, as the character of their telegrams sent in advance made perfectly clear. Nevertheless, instead of arresting them, they were allowed to exercise their right of free speech in the hall of the house of representatives itself and in the office of the Governor. “No one was arrested or molested. The result was that the effort of their leaders to make trouble completely failed. “Entirely apart from the constitutional right of free speech, it has been demonstrated times beyond number that the policy of denying this right is both dangerous and ineffective and has the direct result of advancing instead of repressing the cause against which the denial is mad^, “Local police officers are charged properly with the duty of maintaining order within their jurisdiction. The just purpose of ordinances governing disorderly conduct and other similar offenses most certainly is not, however, to enable local officials to exercise a censorship over the kind of orderly public meetings which can or can not be held. "For these reasons I urge you to issue a permit to the Full Fashioned Hosiery workers, and to allow them to exercise their American right of free speech in the borough of Lansdale. “Furthermore, 1 ask you to provide adequate police protection for their meeting, as you would for any other, and, in a word, to accord the hosiery workers the full rights guaranteed by the Constitutions of both state and Union.”

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

/'ANE of the hoary traditions t? .at I resent with my Vt entire being has to do with the propaganda that intelligent men are happier married to dumbells. Over and over and over this has been told to girls Even today, after women have demonstrated to the utmost their shortcomings and their capabilities, it still is broadcast. The idea back of it even a dumbell would find easy to grasp. Husbands, they say, can’t stand the thought of having anybody in the family as smart as they are, and prefer their closest intimacy in life to be with persons who give them no mental inspiration. Now, I contend that a man like this is not intelligent. He is, in fact, as dumb as they make them. It is quite true that many brilliant men have married fools. It is equally true that they often may have remained married to them all their days. But when we say that they were happy and contented with them, we are not talking sense. tt M tt THE thing is illogical. We might just as truthfully say that intelligent nfen. because they are intelligent, prefer their friendships to be with persons who know much less than they do. In other words, that everywhere they go, they like the companionship of simpletons. This theory, besides reflecting ve’ry small credit on men, forces women into mental prostitution. It is a thousand times more vicious than the feet binding of Chinese infants, which we so deplore. For, in effect, it says to a girl, “If you wish to be liked by men, if you hope to marry, bind up your brains. Keep your intelligence at a low ebb. Know nothing and be a successful wife." Happily, the girls are too smart these days to fall for this. They understand that braii} come in handy everywhere, and especially m m

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Gandhi's Attitude as He Arrives in London Is a Sure Tip-Off That He Has Our Number. NEW YORK, Sept. 14.—Mahatma Gandhi creates the expected sensation in London, especially by tramping through the rain with nothing but a shawl over his shoulders, nothing but sandals on his feet, and nothing in between but a loin cloth. The crowds gabble 'with delight. It’s as good a show as the recent row "between MacDonald and the Labor party, and not half as dangerous. The Mahatma takes it philosophically, as a Mahatma should. He seems to have understood just what the reaction would be. He even sleeps in his sandals to prevent some admirer Trom stealing them as souvenirs. He has come to plead for the “dumb millions of India,” he says. He does not say that he hopes his peculiar dress and manner of life will make the right kind of impression on the equally dumb millions of the west. Those orientals are polite, you know. u a >t He Has Our Number PICTURES of Mahatma Gandhi’s thin little legs and thin little body will be flashed all over the “civilized” world, just to prove how cultured, refined, and superior we westerners have become, and how much greater importance we attach •to ideas than to raiment. It is perfectly in tune with our bathing beauty contests and our continuous discussion of how 6hort skirts should be. Can anyone doubt that Gandhi has our number?

Plenty of Examples THE circus frame of mind still plays a mighty part in human affairs, particularly where there is enough cash and leisure to satisfy it. * Look at the scores of fliers who have risked their lives for a little money, a brief whirl in the spotlight, or just to get a kick. Look at some of the plans that have been offered for curing the depression. * You Must Laugh ONE bright boy, obviously inspired by Andrew Jackson’s performance at New Orleans, suggests that the army buy up “steen” million bales of cotton with which to build target ranges and fortifications. Another suggests that the Colleges borrow a great sum of money with which to construct libraries, dormitories and stadia, preferably stadia. Still another suggests hospitals all along our main highways to take care of traffic casualties, and he might have added undertaking parlors. *t tt Debate Is Futile ONE finds it hard to escape the impression that we have become too bewildered to think in common sense terms and have settled down to a futile debate over absurd and extravagant remedies. Bonds versus taxation, economy versus spending, charity versus work —an endless round of argument, with too many looking for the reward of finding a w'ay out and too many more afraid to do anything for fear of making a mistake.

Loosening Time Here WITH the whole country suffering, party leaders are spending far too much time trying to cash in on relief, trying to think up something that will draw votes next year. This is no time for such a division of intelligence. Whether we need a political coalition, or could arrange one, as Congressman Beck suggests, we must find some way to work with greater singleness of purpose. Millions of people face actual want, while others have a thousand times more than they possibly can use. The idleness of men is matched fully by the idleness of money. While economy in certain directions may be desirable the general situation calls for a loosening up all along the line. tt tt tt Far More Dangerous ECONOMIC distress is promoting crime, not in the w r ay most people appear to believe, but in one that is far more dangerous. Underworld organizations are being developed and expanded on an unprecedented scale. Who can doubt that idle money and idle men have helped, that gangsters and racketeers are finding it much easier to gain recruits, or get capital? The increase of minor offenses committed by naturally honest persons who have been made desperate by want is serious, but it represents no such a menace as does the increase of organized crime. Racketj which net millions annually, and smuggling rings equally profitable; kidnaping for ransom in five figures, and embezzlements to the tune of seven—such things are impossible without a disciplined setup and plenty of cash.

mcoUM’iBTHeF

ELIHU ROOT’S SPEECH Sept. 14

ON Sept. 14, 1917, Elihu Root, speaking to the National Security League of Chicago, denounced war opponents as traitors to the United States. Root's address was quoted from coast to.coast and commented on in the foreign press. .* On this date also the Italian army regained the summit of Mt. San Gabriele. Germans entered the French trenches on the 500-yard front north of Caurieres wood, and Russians. on the Riga front, captured Kronberg, Keitzen, Sisseral and Peine. Who founded the Kappa Delta sorority, and when? It was founded Oct. 23, 1897, at Virginia State Normal school, Farmville, Va., by Mary S. Sparks, Julia G. Tyler, Leonora D. Ashmore and Sara Turner, and was nicorporated under theiaws of Virginia in 1802.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Breathing Fads Are Foolish

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. The esthetics of eating have not yet been developed in our rushing civilization. A quiet, clean dining room, free from orchestral din and dancing is more conducive to good digestion than can be estimated. Enough food should be eaten to provide energy for the daily work, but it is safe to say that all of us eat too much. A continuous and steady gain ih weight is not advisable after middle age. For evidence indicates that obesity is associated with conditions which shorten life. Every man ought to find out what his optimum weight is for health, and control his diet to the point at which such may be maintained. A proper diet contains suitable quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, mineral salts and the essential vitamins. If the diet contains sufficient milk, meat, eggs and .fish to amount to 75 grams or two ounces a day of actual protein, the proportion will be suitable. For palatability, meat protein is superior to vegetable protein. Two

IT SEEMS TO ME

A YOUNG man, writing in some heat concerning my opinion about Bernard Shaw and Russia, says: “Either you are a fool or a scoundrel, perhaps a little of both.” I think he ought to make up his mind. The combination is rare, and I doubt that it hits me. The first guess is the more likely, and in the event of that being accurate I wouldn't know. tt tt 8 Maybe a Subscription IT seems to me that I am not probably a scoundrel, because I can find no motive of self-interest. Even when I write with as much passion as it is possible for me to muster, I have no illusions that my words will alter the course of history in any important way. It is even somewhat academic for me to tilt at Bernard Shaw, for it is unlikely that anything I say ever is called to his attention. At one time Mr. Shaw took great pride in his familiiarity with lopal conditions in Manhattan. He amazed a theatrical manager who offered him the Maxine Elliott theater by cabling back: “Don’t want that house. Street is torn up. Would be bad for business.” But in recent years Bernard Shaw seems to have missed certain issues of variety, and he is no longer entirely conversant with what goes on within our borders. For instance, his estimate of American opinion in regard to Russia is off the target by a very great margin. It is also my belief that his weekend visit to the Soviet was not quite enough to make him wholly familiar with present fact and past performance. In his last communique to the unenlightened he wrote, “The makers of the Communist constitution of Soviet Russia in the days of their persecution and exile had plenty of time to think, mostly in Siberia.” And in this statement Bernard shaw gave aid and comfort to a popular fallacy. Very many people in the world believe that a revolutionary sect in Russia overthrew the czar and then set up the present bolshevist government. But this skips an entire step in the march of history. The men who in putting imperialism out of power themselves were dislodged shortly afterward. nun In Fairness to Trotski OF course, it is only fair to say that the leaders who took the risk and bore the heat of the day may have been too moderate in their political philosophy. It is a just accusation against Kerensky that he made the fatal error of endeavoring to keep Russia in the war. Now, from my point of view none of the contending nations had any true interest to be promoted by this conflict. But Russia's relationship to the melee was peculiarly dim after the disestablishment cf the czar. There was at that time not even a ambiance of a cause to be fought for. And so I will not say that it was ungrateful for a left wing group to Leave Kerensfcg out of power, evert

Foundering

ounces of meat provide ten grams of protein, or one-seventh of the average daily intake. Butter provides no protein, but is almost wholly fat. The human body needs a lot of water to keep itself in suitable condition as 65 per cent of the human body is corrjposed of this fluid. Most experts suggest somewhere between six to ten glasses of water a daymodifications of ordinary water may be more pleasant to take. The best scientific evidence indicates that, taken in moderation, tea and coffee are not harmful. It is inadvisable when greatly fatigued to attempt to relieve this feeling by drinking tea or coffee. This is like whipping a tired horse. The caffein does not relieve the fatigue, but merely gives stimulus sufficient to overcome it temporarily, placing, however, an added burden on the tissues. Among the peculiar follies of the physical culture movement none is so preposterous as the notion that breathing of one type or another is important in the causing of disease or the cure of various complaints. Breathing is not automatically

as he himself had done with the Little White Father. But there were others to merit consideration which they never recevied. Trotski, for one, played a vast part in the critical days of the experiment. His influence and his work u T ere second in importance only to that of Lenin. It is somewhat ironical that Stalin, who was a mere supernumerary in the darkest days, should have the opportunity of dropping this pilot over the side. The economic issue between the leaders is somewhat obscure and a

People’s Voice

Editor Times—A speakeasy and “rooming house” in my neighborhood recently was raided and a truck load of liquor was removed. Judge Sheaffer, upon recommendation of the sergeant in charge of the raiding squad, suspended both fine and jail sentence, which he imposed on the woman, although the place has been notorious for a long time. This morning at 2 o’clock I was awakened by drunken brawlers leaving the place, just the same as before the raid. I am surprised that Sheaffer did not apologize to the woman and order her liquor returned. A NEIGHBOR. Editor Times—l have been, and always will be, a reader of The Times, as I think The Times is the best paper printed in our city. In the paper of Sept. 4th, I read of that little school boy dying from drinking booze that was sold to him. a think that that is one of the worst crimes that can be committed. Now they say prohibition is doing away with crime. Where and how is it doing away with crime? How many people are losing their lives in their old U. S. A. every year on account of prohibition. There are many, many more people, young people, children, drinking now than ever before. Is it not a fact that at one time the hotel keeper on the corner who saw a youngster come in his place put him out? If a dealer sold booze to children 15 years old he had his license taken away from him and he had to quit the business. I nave two boys, each 8 years old. If they wanted to buy booze of the bootlegger, they could do it. He would take their money and they would drink the rotten stuff. He would go on and they would come home, lie down, and die. I would have the grief and the expense of laying them away and the bootlegger would go on to get someone else. I think that it is about time that the people wake up to the fact that the prohibition law' is a failure. I •’m a steel mill worker and I know of men taking their earnings and giving it to the bootlegger and the township trustees are keeping their families. Now I would like to know in what way prohibition Las benefited the people. .WILLIAM S.

regulated by the human body to the same extent as the beating of the heart may be. The latter is almost wholly an automatic function. Breathing may, to a large extent, be controlled. You can breathe as deeply or as fast as you wish, but if you overestimate yourself in exercising, the lungs will take in as much air as they can to equal the increased demand. When a person inhales air through the nose, dust and dirt are removed high up in the breathing tract and the air is warmed. Breathing through the mouth does not supply these safeguards. All systems of breathing such as the “vitalic” breathing, abdominal breathing, rhythmical deep breathing, and other schemes are irrational. Nobody ought to live for his lungs alone. Itfis possible through breathing too rapidly to stop the respiration and it is possible by breathing in too shallow a manner to produce changes in the blood that are not altogether healthful. Enough exercise should be taken and ordinary breathing ought to be done sufficiently to provide for the lungs a regular amount of ventilation and development.

BY 0

trifle academic. After all, it is impossible to label Trotski as a coun-ter-revolutionist. The charge against him, if any can be made, is that he deviated to the left and wanted a faster pace than his companions were prepared to accept. Possibly the general welfare of the Russian community w*as served by the shelving of Trotski. But he should have been kicked upstairs, or at least sent into his Saturday Evening Post period with a fanfare of trumpets. No historian of the future can overlook the importance of the part which he played. t 8 u Smile When You Say That? Tt yTY own nemesis, whose name is Gordon Alexander, takes me to task because, according to his opinion, I am “a sentimental, fat softy, incapable of hard, objective, scientific thinking and writing.” I still hold to the belief that much of the progress of life in general has been led by men who did not go in for the histrionics of flint and steel. Here in qur own history Lincoln was probably a greater figure than Washington, even though he unbent in humorous anecdotes. And Mark Twain affected the thought of his community more ' tally than Dreiser in his role of ie unsmiling rebel. I don’t see why dissent must always be expressed with gloomy visage. It was Shakespeare, if I remember, who said, “A man may smile and smile and be a villain.” And I think it is also true that one could grin upon occasion and still be radical in his hopes land plans. (CoD.vriaht, 1931. bv The Times)

Keep Your Good Looks It is a long exploded fallacy that a pretty girl is surely dumb and that a homely one is a faithful paragon of virtue. Every employer today realizes that more often than no| the girl with neat fingernails will be a typist with neat margins on her letters. Looking one’s best; paying attention to charm and personality; to good health and neat appearance are assets in any walk of life. Our Washington bureau has ready for you a group of nine of its comprehensive and authoritative bulletins on Keeping Good Looks. * Here arc the titles: 1. Keeping Young 5. Care of the Teeth 2. Personality and Charm fi.Perfumes and Cosmetics 3. Care of the Hair 7. Weight Reduction 4. Care of the Skin 8. Weight Increase 9. Reducing Particular Parts of the Body A packets containing these nine bulletins will be mailed to any reader of this newspaper. Fill out the coupon below and mall as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-6, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I warft the packet of nine bulletins on Keeping Good Looks and inclose herewith 30 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaoer.—The Editor.

SEPT. 1*4,1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ—

Fascinating Story of Chemistry From Dawn of History to Present Day as Told in Revised Book of Dr. F, J. Moore. THE story of chemistry, from the attempts of the ancient alchemists to turn iron into gold, to the modern magic of radium, is told in the second edition of “A History of Chemistry,” published by the Mc-Graw-Hill Book Cos. The book, which originally was written by the late Dr, F. J. Moore, professor of organic chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has been revised and brought up to date by Professor William T. Hall, also of M. L T. “A History of Chemistry" lives up to its name. Most of its pages are devoted to the past of chemistry. Readers who have followed the fascinating story of the achievements of modern chemistry in such books as “Creative Chemistry,” by the late Dr. E. E. Slosson, will find here the equally fascinating story of the development of the fundamental ideas which made these achievements possible. The book gives particular attention to the personalities of chemistry, the great men whose work through the ages, led to modern chemistry as we see it around us in the world of industry and commerce.

Earliest Chemistry THE opening chapter of the book points out the interesting fget that a practical knowledge of many important chemical operations precede the dawn of connected history. “The preparation of wine and vinegar, the arts of pottery, elementary metallurgy, glass-making and dyeing are referred to as familiar processes in the earliest human records,” Moore w r rote. “Those who practiced these arts in ancient times, however, recognized no bond of union between the various pursuits, and would themselves have been astonished If they had been classified together. “The dyer, the potter, or the worker in metals either inherited his craft or else ’acquired skill through years of apprenticeship to some successful master. “In either case, the practical rules of procedure must have been handed down in the form of oral tradition, since the artisan class was practically illiterate. “From the number and variety of the industries successfully carried on, the sum total of knowledge of chemical phenomena involved in them must have been considerable. but we have no records of the details, and W'hat we know of these early conditions depends upon the chance allusions of contemporary writers or upon the products unearthed by archeological research. “Gold and silver ornaments have been found w'hich date back to the stone age in Egypt. “At first, silver appears to have been rarer than gold, and was valued more highly up to 3000 B. C., and perhaps latex*.

Development Traced NOT only did the ancients have a considerable body of practical knowledge, but they also did a great deal of theorizing. “If the practical artisan left no theories,” Moore continued, “the same can not be said of the speculative philosophers; in fact, we find some' of the greatest minds of antiquity busying themselves with the fundamental nature of matter and dicussing some of the material transformations which we should now classify as chemicals.” Among the early Greek philosophers. Moore discusses Thales, Empedocles, Democritus, Aristotle, Archmimedes and Eratosthenes. Chapter II of the book discusses “Chemistry in the Middle Ages,” the interesting record of the alchmeists and their vain attempts to turn .jese metals” into gold and to discover the “philosopher’s stone” which would bring eternal youth. Chapter II is “Chemistry in the Renaissance,” the story of the revival of learning. Here we find important names—Paracelsus, semetimes called the father of medical chemistry; Agricola, the metallurgist* Van Helmont and Glauber (Crystalline sodium sulphate is still known as Glauber’s salt.) Chapter IV brings us to the Seventeenth century. It begins with the name of Robert Boyle, whose book, “The Sceptical Chemist,” is considered by most authorities to mark the beginning of real chemistry as distinguished from alchemy. Other chapters bring the story down to date. There is a final chapter on “Chemistry in the United States.”

Daily Thought

And said. I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly.—Genesis 19:7. Do not be deceived; happiness and enjoyment do not lie in wicked ways.—Dr. Watts.