Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 101, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 September 1931 — Page 4

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Keep Wages Up On one part of the new program of spending highway money for employment the people should be adamant. Every man who works on those roads must be given a generous wage. It may be necessary to abandon the use of machinery in order to give work to men. But when that is done the men must be paid a wage that formerly went to the owners of the machine. The state has nothing to boast about in its record of protecting workers. Under the contract system of building roads outrages have been perpetrated on practically every project. Men have been bought on the basis of competition instead of needs. The result has been that such road work as has been done has profited the contractor and the vendor of bonds and the other political favorites, and only a small proportion has gone to the men who have performed the work. On some contracts the wage paid has been scandalously low. Now the state is to use its funds for the dual purpose of giving work to the workless and getting some small benefit in the way of better roads. The state becomes responsible for the wage. The people will closely scrutinize the operation of the new system. They will not be as much interested in the roads as they will in the men. They will demand that the policy of President Hoover agai \ against any wage cutting be followed in this instance. The men who get this work must receive not the “prevailing” wage of their communities, but a generous wage that is based on needs, not on a competition of human beings for bread. A Civic Benefactor Were Indianapolis to follow the custom of some other cities and select each year the citizen who performed the most useful service, there would be no difficulty in making the choice. Norman Perry today opens anew stadium for his ball team. A baseball club comes as near to being a public enterprise as any institution not housed in the city hall. To build a magnificent new home for baseball at a time when business is at a standstill and industry is talking retrenchment instead of expansion required courage and faith. Baseball is a part of the national life. While enthusiasm for other sports wanes and rises from time to time, baseball keeps its grip upon the imagination and the interest of the people. While other leaders are wondering whether the elusive thing called prosperity will ever be coaxed back again, Mr. Perry demonstrates his faith in the future by erecting a most magnificent stadium to which the public will journey to watch the games. Last week he gave the city an airplane. The city has a great airport. It needed an official plane. There is no money just now to buy one. It remained for Norman Perry to supply the need. The two public services, coming almost simultaneously, can only bring a universal wish for success to the owner of the ball team and the thanks of an appreciative community. A Long Way to Go The straw ballots taken from time to time on presidential candidates are enlightening only if one remembers that the political situation changes rapidly and that the leading candidate today may not be the lucky man tomorrow. That is our reaction to the poll just announced by the Outlook and Independent. This was a poll of the editors of leading Democratic and independent newspapers, at least two in each state. Os 142 polled, sixty-one replied. In voting their personal preferences, a majority favored Newton D. Baker. Baker received 50 per cent more than Roosevelt, the second choice. .The others, in order of votes, were: Young, Smith, Traylor, Reed, Ritchie. Os more practical significance, perhaps, was the poll in which these same editors, on the basis of their supposed knowledge of political sentiment in the country, voted their prediction as to the choice of candidate by the Democratic convention. Editors in thirty of the thirty-four states represented picked Roosevelt as the winner. This editors* guessing contest probably is not much different in result from the opinion of a similar group of bankers or lawyers. Virtually all political prophets, professional and otherwise, today agree that Roosevelt has the best chance. It is .interesting, however, that two months ago Roosevelt's chances generally were rated much lower, Many political insiders then thought that the convention could be deadlocked by the anti-Roosevelt group, with the result that the nomination would go to Young, Baker, or a dark horse. Meanwhile Roosevelt has increased his popularity greatly by his manner of handling the Tammany investigation, the St. LawTence power project, and unemployment relief measures. But the main thing to remember is that there are ten months to go in the nomination race and fourteen months to go in the election race. Just as events of two short months seem to have obtained the nomination, and even the election, for Roosevelt, so developments in any one month of the ten-month race or the fourteen-month race may ruin his chances. Certainly the coming months promise to be critical in the economic field and for prohibition. Many reputations are going to be made and unmade. That applies to Roosevelt. It also applies to Hoover. Most political dopesters of both parties admit that, if the election were tomorrow, Roosevelt would be the Democratic candidate and would beat Hoover. But the election is not tomorrow. There is a long way yet to go. Factory vs. School The unemployment relief committee's advice to all young people to go to school this winter unless dire economic necessity prevents, is sound common sense. fyith Protestant, Catholic and Jewish organize-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPPB-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and publinhed dally (except Sondxy) by The Indlanapolix Timex Pnbllsblnc Cos 2M-220 Went Maryland Street. Indianapolis, jnd. Price lo Marion CountT, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mall subscrip- -> tlon rates In Indiana. S3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D BAKER * __ Editor President Easiness Manager * PHONE—Riley 8 SSL 8 A TURD AY. SEPT. 5, 1931. Member of United Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise A*kociation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

tions all supporting this movement, it should have considerable effect in reducing the amount of child labor and consequent adult Idleness during the coming winter. But an appeal directed to young people will not be enough by itself to take care of this serious aspect of the unemployment problem. Young people will continue, in spite of good advice, to be restless and anxious to attain independence, and will fail to grasp the difference education may make in their future lives. Employers bear the major part of the responsibility in this situation. Urgent advice should be directed at them, too. The federal child labor amendment still languishes unratifled in more than two score state capitals, and since most state legislatures will not convene again until 1933, little can be done immediately to put the compulsion of law behind this movement to keep children out of factories and out of grown men’s jobs. Meanwhile, some employers deliberately are encouraging child labor because it is cheap labor. Some cotton mills in the south will not rent company nouses to workers, and drastically curtail the adults’ earning opportunities unless the children of the famJy join the father and the mother at the loom and spindle. If a sufficient number of employers could be induced to deny work to children, except under circumitTad 1 Tw evidenfc need * and to employadult * at adult wages, an Incalculable service would be done to all concerned. buJoih 15 "? 161 ” concerns not only the coming winter but other depression months. The effect of what is f"' ™ T SVldent lOT many “*■ 4,283,753 illiterates in the United States now. If the census could show the number of persons coming barely within the scant requirements of literacy, but larger. edUCated ’ nUmber WoUld be n „“ aI and national well-being both suffer acutely from this condition and will suffer more if winter”* PrematUreJ y Brazen Audacity at Its Height ev a lV tU ? ing hUman history ’ one fi nds many norT to S Staggerlng brazenness and audacity, but C T ° mPare With the spectacle currently presented by Lord Grey, British foreign secretary in 1914 niffl , Ck n Grey heade a a little clique of “willful men who dragged England into the great abvss against the wishes of a majority of the cabinet and the B y studied deception, misrepresentation of histoncai facts and of British diplomacy, not a few deliberate falsehoods, and oratorical tricks, he led his countrymen to believe they were entering the war !nvad e er end * **** fr ° m a ruthless One decisive word from Grey to Russia and France d tha \ Britain TOW tolerate no agg -ssi°n nd no disruption of diplomatic negotiations for peace and it is highly unlikely that there would have been vv T. epf J Z th , < L SU !f ler ° f m4 ’ Ramsay MacDonald, to- “ C f har cleai "headed Englishmen, attempted to stay the folly of Grey, Churchill, and the warmakers. He sadly watched his fellow-countrymen becom ng -mad, and, at the price of grave personal danger, refused to co-operate with the war crowd. Asa result of the war, the British national debt went up from £700,000,000 to £6,750,000,000. Industry “■ taxation and unemp,„ ymc t increaaed and national problems became ever more difficult. ” thera is any °ne man more responsible than any other for Britain’s present plight, it is Lord Grey. If there is any one man who can claim complete innocence, it is Ramsay MacDonald, if there was anybody who should have been compelled to shoulder the actual responsibility for getting England out of her mess, it is Grey. But Sate plays strange tricks. The war broke the beral party and Grey went to his country estate to vegetate and decay in pastoral felicity. Political changes brought MacDonald into the premiership and threw upon him the responsibility for solving the almost insuperable difficulties created by Grey’s earlier duplicity and incompetence. The least that Grey should do would be to keep t Q he buTdem 6 ** &n ° ther was Bering T I°’ hG n ° W COm6S forth urging the defunct Liberals to oppose the disgraceful expenditures of the Labor tes-expenditures which can be traced back directly to Grey’s acts from June to August, 1914. He asks his fellow Liberals to take a firm stand against “the disastrous general policy of the Labor party in demanding increased expenditure, without any regard to what the country can afford.” The Liberals should "oppose increases in public expenditure and vote for a policy of economy, even f this involves defeat of the government.” Imagine A1 Capone taking a firm stand against expenditures for beer in Chicago, or Tammany weening over the degradation of the New York City courts' Indeed, Grey’s latest gesture deserves an immortal niche in the “believe-it-or-not” collection.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

T T ® refr f' hing ; ! (r a ch ange, to step from the modm setting into the Victorian age through the magic doorway of a book. 8 exactly what s'ou do when you begin W U hv ? a remarkabl e first novel from England by A. J. Cronin, published in this country in _ Here *' e have a story that confines the grippine pow er of modern realism in a setting and with sitnwni t hßt n 3 ark^ and the flamboyant and more sentimental type of earlier fiction. father ' s eviction of the ruined daughter hM iiSfS m a storm on the eve of the birth of neT fitegitimat-j child does not seem overdrawn, once sou are acquainted with the Brodies. B f odl ® > a Slant of a man with a moronic *™V?’ who * s obse ssed with his own importance and swollen with personal vanity, is a refreshing villain if only because of his thoroughness. By his ruthlessness 5® h ! s famll y one by one and brings his own me to diaster. A ND if you believe that there are no longer any -f James Brodies in existence, you are very much mistaken. Although he could have tyrannized as he *o[only in the 1700 and 1800’s, we can find him in milder forms and pocket sizes all over the earth. We even may say that there is a Brodie streak in most of us, and that all Brodies are by no means masculine. There are many subtler ways than brute force by which the strong member of the family can dominate the weaker ones. Every mother who Insists upon policing her children, every father who forces his son to a distasteful career, every individual who tries to shape the lives of others according to his standards, is a potential Brodie and wreaks havoc on himself and others. Tyranny in government is distressibg, but tyranny in the family circle is intolerable.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Our People Are Starting to Borroio a Page From th& Big Business Book of Greedy, Ruthless Rules. NEW YORK, Sept. s.—When people lived largely on what they raised, good crops meant prosperity. Nothing was so welcome as an abundant harvest. The Pilgrim Fathers were so grateful that they ordained a day of thanksgiving for a meager one. Something has changed all that. Stored grain now is a calamity, though every one realizes that next year’s crop may be poor. Producers have no choice but to threaten consumers with scarcity in order to get reasonable prices. That, of course, is flying fate in the face, preparing the way to famine. , tt tt tt Not‘Fantastic Now LOUISIANA prohibits the planting of cotton in 1932, providing that states which produce 75 per cent of the crop take similar action. It looks as though they might. Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Sotfth Carolina all are considering it. One year ago such a scheme would have been regarded as too fantastic to be taken seriously, but politicians and farmers are learning a thing or two from big business. Also, they are learning a thing or two from the credit system wheih we have developed. n tt tt Merely for Money IF states can stop the growing of cotton, they can stop the growing of anything—wheat, meat, or poultry. Maybe, it’s unconstitutional, but about all that means is money for the lawyers. Not only theh eighteenth amendment, but the methods of big manufacturers, set a favorable precedent. When a big manufacturer finds he has overproduced, what does he do? Shuts down, until the market rights itself. And what is that but creating an arbitrary shortage? tt tt tt Taking Ruthless Policies OBVIOUSLY, Vast numbers of people are in a mood to embark on radical experiments. We have seen martial law in the oil fields of two states and the legislature of one state prohibit the planting of cotton. No matter what the technical excuse, it all has been for the purpose of price-boosting. We’re going to see mors when congress assembles, and still more later on. You can say the people are turning Red, but you can’t scare them by it. They know they are not turning Red, but merely borrowing a page from the big business book of rules, merely adopting the greedy, ruthless policies that have made successful corporations. tt tt tt Machines Made Work THE spread between wealth and want has grown too big in this country. So has the spread between consumer and producer. Barriers have developed between what some of us have and some of us need. There are billions of idle dollars, while legitimate enterprises starve fer credit. For one reason, or another, this preposterously rich nation can not translate its resources into work. Theorists blame it on machinery, but that is rot. Machinery has made more work than it ever stopped. Take the auto, for instance, which makes work directly, or indirectly, for six or seven million people. What were those people doing twenty-five years ago? We Need Leadership IF there weren’t plenty to be done in this country, and if we lacked the means of doing it, we might be justified in hunting for obscure causes. As it is, we might just as well call a spade a spade. Our troubles are due chiefly to lack of political leadership on the one hand, and to a narrow-minded, arbitrary financial leadership on the other. Washington is reported as being deluged with relief plans, which is a logical consequence of having no plan of its own. Some of the plans are ridiculous, but no one should take that as an excuse for missing the point. Vast numbers of people have begun to think. With the right kind of leadership, their thinking could be directed into constructive channels. tt tt tt Don’t Make Mistake THERE is a widespread feeling that, while the principles on which this government was founded do not need to be abandoned, they do need to be restated and reapplied. There is a widespread feeling that our lawmaking and law-enforcing mechanism has not kept pace with general progress, and that we are confronted with problems which it is totally incapable of handling. There is a widespread feeling that our political and economic liberties are being subordinated to financial control and that an invisible sovereignty gradually is being established. Those who regard that feeling as without force, or continuity, make a serious mistake.

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DRAFT SOLDIERS ARRIVE Sept. 5. ON Sept. 5, 1917, the first contingent of drafted men for the national army arrived at their cantonments. Thirty thousand men were in the contingent. On this date also the United States senate adopted a levy for $1,080,000,000 on war profits. The German army pushed thirtythree miles beyond Riga. Russians retreated toward the northeast, crossing the Livonian river, and forces retired eastward from Riga to Segevold, LenTOerg, and Detesubrayd. The Italians captured an Austrian position south of Ocroglo and repulsed enemy attacks on the Carso plateau from Castaganevizza to the sea.

Goldilocks and the Three Black Bears

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE : Poultry Aided by Vitamin D

This is the thirty-fourth of a series of thirty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths, and Follies,’’ dealing with such much discussed, but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. The average human being who reads about the special virtues of vitamin D for the prevention of rickets, for aiding the growth of bones, and for improving the body

The People’s Voice Why Not Try Cutting Rent? >* tt tt tt tt u Mr. Simmons Invited to Try Own Remedy for Board of Trade Building Tenants.

Editor Times—Have been reading with a great deal of interest comments on Hathaway Simmons’ plan to end the depression by cutting wages. May we suggest that Mr. Simmons consult with the directors of the Board of Trade to see what can be done about reducing the rent in that building for their tenants, as Mr. Simmons admits everything is lower in cost than for several years. Investigation will develop that tenants are paying the same rent for space in this building they have been paying for the last ten years. A READER. Editor Times —Your long Labor editorial, evidently from some source of propaganda, extolling Owen Young as a likely candidate for the Democratic nomination for President, is about the most silly, inane, senseless piece of propaganda that ever has come to my notice. Asa Democrat of sixty years standing, and a member of the Democratic organization for half of that period, and an attendant of seven Democratic national conventions, as delegate and otherwise, and as one who travels every state every year east of the Rocky mountains and who keeps in touch with the grass roots of Democracy at all times, and who is not deceived by false prophets, and who prophesied the fate, and correctly, of Alton B. Parker in 1904, of Jimmy Cox in 1920, of John W. Davis in 1924, and of A1 Smith in 1928, I say to you, that in the first place if Owen Young ever is able to BUY his way to a nomination, he won’t get 100 electoral votes. There will be two Democratic tickets in the field in that case, because there are at least 12,000,000 Democratic votes he never can poll under any circumstances. So don’t be silly, or worse. Democracy is not ready to renounce ALL the principles of Jackson and Bryan, though it long ago has renounced some of Mr. Wilson’s ideas. In fact, never indorsed them. The next campaign will be fought on the old 1896 issues, with some trimmings added, and the successful Candidates will come from the south and west, and no eastern man will be on the ticket that will win. And be informed of this the pseudo leaders of the Democratic party better come to their senses soon, or be left in the discard. Doers like Alfalfa Bill and Huey Long are rising, and the pussyfoot co-operators are on their way to oblivion. You may not believe these words now, but I will ask you to recall them about the middle of November, 1932. AL MAKINSON. 1134 N. Pennsylvania street. Editor Times—ls the people of the state of Indiana needed a real anthem to sing, they should have in it the words of “God Save The Indianapolis Times and Its Editor.” Having read constantly all the papers in this city for years, the writer has come to the conclusion that The Indianapolis Times is truly a paper of the people and for the people. The under-dog, who has no political influence or “pull,” the man or woman who is trodden upon by their stronger and “bullying” kind, need only come to The Indianapolis | Times with his or her tale of woe and if it proves to be a worthy cause, The Times will not spare time nor money to get the proper redress. With a newspaper like The Indianapolis Times, in support of all those who are wronged, it should make the weak feel strong and the

generally, is likely to think that vitamin D is a medicinal substance limited to the use of human beings. Few people realize that one of the most extensive uses of vitamin substances is in aiding the growth of animals, in developing the egg laying properties of chickens and in stock and poultry raising generally. In fact, this use is so important that much of modern research on the subject has been devoted primarily to the needs of animals rather than to those of man.

meekest citizen need not fear for his legal and constitutional rights. This is not written for any other purpose than to give vent to the writer’s feeling of thankfulness, appreciation, and approval of the existence of just such a newspaper as The Indianapolis Times in this city and state, and the hope that all right-thinking men and women of this commonwealth will flock to the support of this great policy, so often preached by others, but not practiced. Your constant reader and supporter. ARTHUR A. FAIRBANKS. Editor Times—Unemployment, unemployment! But why bring that up? I ask you, as a reader of The Times, aren’t the boys and young men of this city just as able bodied and mentally alert as boys and men with homes outside the city? The people I have reference to have fairly nice homes, with parents fairly able to keep them. I know there is enough work to be done in these outside towns without sending these people down here to work. Os course, the pay rate may not be as high, but who do the mills and factories depend on to buy their articles of manufacture? Why is it that certain mills and factories of the city hire outside help to work for them, when boys who have lived in the city all their lives, with parents who have paid taxes for years to keep up the city, can not find work? Why is it the places of employment continue to employ people, who, when the week-end rolls around, trot right down home to spend that weekly pay check instead of spending it where they have earned it. READER. Editor Times—And so our reversed Governor claims that he made his trip to Canada to determine how to handle state affairs in Indiana! My, my, my, and a couple of more my, mys, wasn’t that nice and thoughtful of him? Especially when he has such a wellfurnished residence, such a beautiful office, and nice clean sratehouse to stay in here at home. How sacrificing! Apparently he is the kind of gentleman that would go to the north pole to find out how to clear up a muddle located at the equator. Doubtless, though, his statement that there were “no vacations in his office” means that—regardless of what these sorties w T ere made so poor, downtrodden Indiana yokels who are either completely out of w 7 ork or laboring for half pay must bear their share of the added expense to keep our Governor lallygagging ’round. Personally, I am only a dumb cluck myself, out of a job and unable to secure work that will enable me to earn enough money to live decently. But if I must bear my share of the above mentioned expense—and our kink-pin must go elsewhere to find out how to “kink” —it seems to me that I should have some say as to just where the gentleman goes. I might suggest that we send him —and several of his pals—to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Orient. If the ship should sink, the worst they could get would be all wet—and they are that already. JUST A HOOSIER. Editor Times—l'm a daily reader of your good, honest, and straight from the shoulder paper. I surely enjoy your editorial pages and read your paper rather religiously. The Voice of the People is good. You read so much about too much wheat, too much this,' too much thatt and after all the talks and

Already numerous henhouses are lighted with carbon arcs or with other ultraviolet ray producing apparatus. Some henhouses have been equipped with special window glass and skylights in order that the hens may have the benefits of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. Poultry and stock feeds have been enriched with vitamin D concentrates. Because of the sense of taste and smell of the human being, which makes him particularly finicky regarding the drugs and medicines that he may take, products have been developed for human consumption which successfully disguise the taste of the cod liver oil and which eliminate the oil and provide only the vitamin concentrate. The animal is not so particular and it is possible to prepare feeds with less costly substances. A recent report indicates that fish oils, outside the cod liver oil, are a valuable source of vitamin D and are likely to cost one-third to one-fourth the price of cod liver oil. Stock and poultry may obtain their vitamin D from yellow corn and alfalfa. Such feeds can be supplemented, according to a recent report from the department of agriculture, by the use of pilchard oil produced from California sardines, which is as rich in vitamin D as cod liver oil: from tuna oil, which also is rich in this vitamin; from salmon oil, which is one-half as rich in vitamin D as cod liver oil, but which is weak in vitamin A. Here again modern chemistry and industry combine to take advantage of discoveries made primarily for the control of human health.

opinion, what does it all amount to? No change. Instead of talking about too much wheat, why not let the people buy it in small quantities for food? There have been numerous recipes in the paper how to prepare it for breakfast. It is nutritious, healthy, and all this bunk they call vitamins. Some of our old fathers and mothers grew old and healthy and never knew a thing about vitamins. But I want to say this, and sincerely, that when the people of this world realize that there is a more supreme being than the almighty dollar, then things will go better, and not until then. Too much self and not enough heart for the other fellow, too much gizzard where the heart ought to be, no more Golden Rule unless It is changed to “Do others before they do you.” I am afraid for this winter, not because I want to be a crepe hanger, but wait and see. A. J. D. V. Editor Times—Would suggest that all national and state highways be made toll roads. This would give trucks, busses and automobiles a means of contributing their due share toward building and the upkeep of good roads. Building of toll gates would cive thousands of men work and each state would need hundreds of tollgate keepers. This plan would be a fair deal to all concerned and would help solve the unemployment problem. Baltimore, Md. W. F. L.

A Fine, Healthy Baby Producing a good, healthy baby is a service to the community. The welfare of any baby depends very lagrely on the fitness of the mother to bear and rear it. Often the whole future life of a child is decided by the intelligence and care exercised by its mother during pregnancy. Bearing a baby is, or should be, a normal, natural thing. To make it so, the mother must know how to care for herself during the period before the baby’s birth. Our Washington bureau has ready for expectant mothers a comprehensive and authoritative bulletin, drawn from tbe best available sources, giving advice concerning health measures, preparation for', confinement, making the baby’s layette and emergency precautions. Any expectant mother will find this bulletin useful and helpful. Fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 135, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin, Expectant Mothers, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No. City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

JSEPT. 5, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

American Anatomist Played Important Part in the Finding of the Peking . Man. f THE circumstances under which The Peking Man was found constitute one of the things which make this ‘ find 1 ’ the most important in the history of anthropology to date. Both the Java Ape-Man and the Piltdown Man, the two fossil remains of ancient man upon which previous discussions of the antiquity of man were based, were found in gravel deposits. This led to countless arguments, which still are being waged, as to the age of the fossils and as to the possibility of animal fossils found in the same deposits being the same or different ages. In the case of the Peking Man the fossil skull found in the western hills behind Peking in December. 1929, there is no such difficulty. “The human remains were left on the floor of a cave,” says Dr. G. Elliot Smith, world-famous anthropologist of the University of London, who went to China to inspect the skull and the site where it was found. “A vast number of the animals which roamed the region of the Chou Kou Tien in these remote times left their bones in the same cave. As all these fossils belong to the same geological epoch, the lower Pleistocene, there can be no doubt of the age of the Peking Man.” The Pleistocene era was the glacial age. Dr. Smith places the age of the Peking Man at about 1,000,000 years. tt tt tt Imbedded in Rock •pvR. C. C. YOUNG, one of the scientists who aided in the finding of the Peking Man, thinks it extremely likely that the Peking Man actually lived in the cave where, a million years later, twentieth century excavators found his skull. The skull, when found, was imbedded in a thick mass of travertine. It is a calcium carbonate rock which is formed by slow deposit. In other words, during the million years that the skull of the Peking Man lay in the cave at Chou Kou Tien, geological processes caused a layer of calcium carbonate rock to grow* around it. The skull was found at 4 p. m. on Dec. 2, 1929. It was taken at once, imbedded as it was in the travertine, to Dr. Davidson Black at the Peking Union Medical college. Perhaps it would be well at this point to say a word about the part which Dr. Black, an American anatomist, played in the drama of the Peking Man. Dr. Black was an instructor in anatomy It Western Reserve university in Cleveland. The finding of the Peking Man was directly due to the enthusiasm and convictions of Dr. Black. He was so impressed by the announcement of the finding of certain manlike teeth in the western hills in 1926, that he persuaded the Rockefeller Foundation to provide funds for further work. This led, in 1929, to the formation of the Cenozoic Research laboratory of the geological survey of China under the honorary directorship of Dr. Black. tt tt tt Four Months' Work TT took Dr. Black four months to 7- free the skull from the mass of travertine in which it was imbedded, pie work was done with dental drills. This work was extremely difficult and extremely important. Obviously a false move might injure some important part of the skull. Dr. Black concluded from his examination, after it had been freed from the travertine, that it was the skull of a young adult, perhaps 10 years of age. When the skull was first examined Professor Black was impressed by the grace of its contours in comparison with the uncouth outlines of the Java Ape Man,” Professor Smith says, and suggested the possibility that it might be female, with the reservation, of course, that the evidence at our disposal regarding this hitherto unknown type of being was altogether inadequate for any definite decision upon this matter. ‘lts grace, however, may be due to its primitiveness and the fact that it is free from those secondary distortions which gave the degenerate Java Ape Man its bizarre character.” When Dr. Black removed the skull from its matrix of travertine, he cleaned the rock from the top of the skull and then lifted off the bone3 of the skull. In this way he saved the travertine, which had been inside the skull as an intact mass. This mass represents a mold of the brain case. Dr. Black now is making a careful gtudy of this mold and the world of science is waiting eagerly for his published report upon it.

Daily Thought

But he that shall endure until the end, the same shall be saved. —St. Mathew 24:13. Endurance is the crowning quality.—Lowell.