Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 100, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 September 1931 — Page 8

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Quit Grouching Thanks to Senator James Watson, the people now have a plain path back to prosperity, happiness, comfort, what have you. The trouble lies with the people themselves. They have simply grouched and grouched and grouched. Now they are Invited to smile. If you are out of a Job, forget It. The senator will see that you never enter the League of Nations. If your family Is dependent on the township trustee, be comforted. Senator Watson will protect you against any attempt by France to forget her debts to this country. If you are a farmer and disturbed by the fact that the mortgage is due, interest high and taxea inevitable, take a glance at Russia and discover that the Russian farmer is in a still worse condition. In his initial appearance in the present phase of his perennial campaign for re-election, the senator announced that there is no issue of unemployment, but the great burning question to be settled next year is whether this country will enter the League of Nations. There came the grudging admission that farm prices are low, but what of it? We will have no international “entanglements.” True, there may be men out of jobs. But what do you want? The pesky people have talked about bad times and are so inconsiderate that they keep on jabbering about them, even as they walk down to the township trustee where they can always get a basket of food for a family of eight. As they strut their merry way to the poorhouse, they can take unction to themselves that no federal dollar will ever humiliate them and disgrace them with a dole. Believe it or not, there is a great difference between the charity given by a terrified and grudging contributor and unemployment insurance given by a government that has the power to tax the huge incomes of the shrewd and the greedy. Believe it or not, the American standard of living, whatever it may not be, must be maintained and not one of the seven butlers in the palaces of the tariff beneficiaries will ever lose his job. All the depression is mental, says the senator. If people would only believe in prosperity, it would be here. The tariff will never be lowered as long as a 42-cent rate on wheat has given the Indiana farmer a 30-cent price in his field. The American worker will be protected against cheap foreigners, even though seven millions are padding the pavements and told repeatedly that we are firing and not hiring today. It would be cruel to recall that when the tariff measure was before the senate, the Pollyanna of Indiana arose in his seat and declared that within thirty days there would be work for every one, profits for all, greater prosperity than had been known before. The thirty days are history. Well, Bill Thompson was elected mayor of Chicago by waging his own war against King George of England. Perhaps Watson can get back into the senate by waging his own private war on France in a state where few Frenchmen vote. Still, Indiana may be wiser than Chicago. Arms and the Deficit Among the problems confronting the country are the federal deficit and prospects of failure of the February arms conference. The two problems are related closely. A major reason for the serious budget shortages in the United States, Great Britain and other countries is the extravagance and waste of huge armaments. Our own country is as much, or more, to blame than others. Nature has given us great natural security in our ocean barriers, and our economic superiority gives additional natural security. So we even have less excuse than others to put our trust in heavy armaments. Yet we insist on maintaining the most expensive military-naval establishment of all. President Hooker himself, on more than one occasion, has pointed this out. He has said: “The American people should understand that current expenditure on strictly military activities of the army and navy constitute the largest military budget of any nation in the world today.” Why is it that Presidents, with as much to say about the necessity of economy in general and armament economy in particular as Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover, permitted armament bills to increase year by year? Why is it that each year Hoover gives a flat order to the army and navy to cut expenditures—and ends by accepting larger army and navy outlays? We do not know the answer. But we do know that there will be very serious consequences this year if Hoover fails again. The United States treasury department just has announced a deficit of almost $400,000,000 for two months' operation. That suggests the possibility of a deficiXfor the year exceeding two billions, or for this year and last a deficit of three billions. There is no chance of any major savings to reduce that deficit except by an arms cut. On the contrary, many emergency depression appropriations probably will be increased. In such a critical financial condition the administration might be expected to restrain the admirals. Instead, Navy Secretary Adams has submitted to the director of the budget a demand for more money than last year. When Adams was asked by the press if this was not a violation of the Hoover policy against new naval building. Adams replied in effect that there was no such Hoover policy. What is the answer to that contradition? Again we do not know. But it is significant that Chairman Will Wood of the house appropriations committee and Chairman French of the house subcommittee on naval appropriations have declared for drastic naval cuts. Thus President Hoover—if he wants to reduce the military-nayfl waste which is plunging a depressed country’ into deeper deficits and debts —will have the backing not only of public opinion, but also of the congressional leaders. Unless Hoover goes over to the admirals, sweeping reductions, therefore, will be easy. Besides helping to meet the deficit, American arms reduction may save the February disarmament conference, which can not collapse without endangering world peace. A Muscle Shoals Alibi The new Muscle Shoals commission is not to be taken very seriously except, perhaps, as the means for manufacturing an alibi for stand-pat Republicans who see red at the suggestion of government operation of that great power plant . It has held hearings in Tennessee and and it met in Washington to open bid& b at no

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIFPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 Went Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana, $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. EARL D. RAKER, Editor President Business Manager PHOWB—Riley 6581, A FRIDAY. SEPT. 4. 1931. Member of United Presa. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

place has it attained the dignity expected of a presidential commission, however partisan. Its chairman—in jest—admitted the commission went to the White House “largely to get our orders.” It asked more than 130 power, chemical and fertilizer firms and individuals to bid for leas# of Muscle Shoals, and seven responded. Among these were two power companies, one of which already is purchasing power from Muscle Shoals, while the little neighboring town of that name is refused the right to purchase part of the same power. It expects to receive a bid from the American Farm Bureau Federation, whose president was appointed on the commission and who has the technical right to help decide which bid shall be recommended to the President and by him to congress. By Nov. 1, the deadline, it may receive more bids, and it eventually may select one that it considers best and recommend that it be accepted. Hoover suggested that the commission “dispose” of Muscle Shoals. It has no more power to do that than have the pages of the house or the doorkeepers of the senate. Congress, because this country faced the need of nitrates to manufacture explosives in war times, created Muscle Shoals. Only congress can dispose of it. Senator Norris and his colleagues long have fought to have the government operation bill made law. They are unwilling that Muscle Shoals be leased to the power or fertilizer or chemical interests and thus lost to the people who paid for it. Twice they have failed, defeated first by Coolidge’s veto and then by Hoover’s veto. We surmise that the commission’s report will make little headway in congress. It probably will be of little value to the majority of the people, who are determined that Muscle Shoals' shall become the measuring rod on charges levied elsewhere by the private power interests. A Higher Court For those who sometimes doubt the power of public opinion to change evil laws and to prevent vicious administration of laws such as the Volstead act—and we ourselves often are in that pessimistic mood—there is hope in the following news dispatch: NEW YORK, Sept. 3.—On the ground its evidence had been obtained by wire-tapping and other unlawful means, the federal government moved a nolle prosequi in a Volstead case which involved fifteen men and two women arrested last year in this city, accused of bootlegging on a large scale. Yet government wire-tapping is “legal”—made legal in 1928 by a flve-to-four decision of the United States supreme court. Three years ago the government won its dirty case in the supreme court. Since then the government has lost its case in the higher court of public opinion. And now the government bows to public opinion by withdrawing wire-tapping evidence. Thus the famous minority opinion of Justice Branded finally prevails. It said: “Decency, security and liberty alike demand that government officials shall be subjected to the same rules of conduct that are commands to the citizen. In a government of law, existence of the government will be imperiled if it fails to observe the law scrupulously. . . . Crime is contagious. If the government becomes a law-breaker, it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy.” Now Rudy Vallee is mimicking other radio stars, proving that things are never so bad but what they can ’get worse. There may be brass in those words Jack Dempsey and Estelle Taylor are hurling at each other, but there’s gold in those tours. It ought to be some consolation for those girls who get their names in the paper in being called “pretty.” They re staging a 200-mile w'heelbarrow race up in Wisconsin. That would be interesting if it had any connection w’ith that stuff that made Milwaukee famous. Franklin D. Roosevelt is taking a clout at Tammany. He doesn’t want any Tiger Rag accompani-. ment for Ills 1932 presidential song. t A Youngstown (O.) society girl returning to this country says necking isn't collegiate in Russia. That lets everybody in on it. The farm board traded off surplus wheat to Brazil for some coffee the other day. Now the board only needs to trade something for some doughnuts.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

IN his splendid volume, “The Martial Spirit,” Walter Millis debunks the Spanish-American war and leaves the reader with several unpleasant sensations and a definite idea. It is this: If a nation could hang half a dozen men before a war, it would save half a dozen millions in money, to say nothing of the men slaughtered. For the plain reason that there likely would be no w’ar. The tale of the making of the trouble of ‘t'9B is not soothing reading, especially to those who, as children, can recall the wild clamors and the antics of the adults of that day. What the pacifists ought to do, it seems, is to set up a system of espionage during days of peace to discover what motivates the actions of those powerful enough to make wars, just as military authorities investigate the behavior of men and suspect them when war exists. Thus we could get a line on the activities of those who build fortunes out of the blood of their countrymen. o * a BEFORE w r ar is declared, it should be the right cf every soldier to know what he is fighting about and for whom. In 1898, according to Mr. Millis—who then was in position to know what he now is talking about—it was to help make more wealth for certain publishing interests and to banish boredom from tho lives of a few eminent gentlemen who had a hankering to be heroic and famous. Both these things were accomplished. And for this unworthy aim, hordes of fine young men died from insanitary camp conditions and from eating rotten beef sold the government at a fine profit by other patriotic business men. * Mr. Roosevelt dashed up San Juan Hill and into the presidency. The flag-ifavers had a splendid time and the song writers got rich. War, it seems, always is profitable for the ballad makers. Afterward we had another opportunity to build more memorials, which seems to give pleasure to the survivors and instigators of all wars. This book gives you what vulgarly is known as the “lowdown” on how one war, affleast, was made. Read it.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Wall Streeters' New Banking System Is Real Revolution From Our Philosophy Built Up Through Years of Honest Toil. NEW YORK, Sept. 4.—Mr. Mellon did the big bankers a good turn by giving them a‘chance to put out $800,000,000 at 3 per cent for twenty-four years. It was a double blessing, permitting them to make a safe investment and escape taxes at the same time. Nobody but Uncle Sam can borrow money at 3 per cent. Most people can’t borrow it at all. To all practical intents and purposes, big bankers have locked the vault and hidden the key. According to one authority, their latest is to bar loans on character. From now on, nothing goes but coli lateral, and the collateral must consist of listed stocks, or bonds. u 8 tt It’s a New System MANY small, or “country” banks, as your average Wall Streeter refers to them, even though they may be sizeable institutions located in sizeable towns, still operate on the old-fashioned theory that character counts and the development of business is the primary object. The headquarters of American finance, however, has struck on a new system. Unless you can start with a balance of SSOO and maintain it, your business is not wanted. Unless you own shares in some corporation that has listed its stock on the big board, your credit is no good. Land and its products are rated as comparatively worthless, and now character goes by the board. n n It's Real Revolution ALL this represents a real revolution in our banking philosophy. Fifty, or even twenty-five years ago, the good banker wanted nothing so much as new accounts, no matter how small. He went on the theory that the man who deposited a dollar today might have a million ten years later. He was interested in men who wanted to make a start, who had an ambition to do something and get somewhere. He was favorable to new enterprises, no matter how humble their beginning. 8 8 8 They Knew Character THE late John P. Morgan was such a banker. He testified before a senate committee that he had loaned many a man $1,000,000 with nothing but a note as security, and declared that the moral risk was not to be ignored. Morgan belonged to that vigorous group of financiers who dared to take chances, who pushed railroads from ocean to ocean, who opened mines and erected blast furnaces, who laid the foundations of our present industrial structure. Could they have done it by demanding old established stocks and bonds as collateral, or by leaving character out of the set-up? 8 8 8 Process Must Continue FROM a bookkeeping standpoint, our banking system may have improved, but from the standpoint of life and progress, it has not. The big idea now is to support only well-established business, preferably of the most gigantic character. The difficulty of starting anything new on a small scale not only is recognized, but attributed to the financial set-up. Every one knows that every great enterprise in this country began as a hole in the well, and everyone ought to know that the process must continue, if we are to remain a wide-awake, advancing nation. *8 8 8 Too Much Old Business WHETHER in politics, trade, or science, you can not put faith in the permanency of anything, no matter how old, or how big. The depression from which we are suffering was brought about to some extent by too much old business and too little new business. The laws of progress continually are killing off trades, activities, and commodities to make room for new ones, continually changing the demand through education, discovery, and invention, continually calling for the pioneer and promoter. nun Human Needs First CREDIT must keep in step with these laws. Indeed, that is about the only excuse for credit. If life were to become a fixed, routine affair, if we were sure of u&ng the same appliances tomorrow that we use today, of eating the same kind of food and wearing the same style of clothes, we wouldn’t need any credit. Unless credit can be mobilized to exploit new ideas, promote new enterprises and translate new implements into daily use, it is not serving its purpose. Credit can not be isolated from human needs.

GERMAN'S RAP WILSON Sept. 4 ON Sept. 4, 1917, the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution assailing President Wilson and declaring that Germany was not responsible for the war. The resolution said: “With indignation we protest against the hypocritical criticisms by President Wilson, who at present governs the United States with autocratic power. . . . “We strongly reject the repeated attempts to hold Germany responsible for the war. which is in gross contradiction to incontrovertible facts, and we most decidedly shall oppose efforts by the enemy to create dissension between the German people and the German government. “The whole German people firmly are determined to fight to a victorious end for the preservation of the German empire, embodied in kaiser - dom, and for the removal of the arbitrary despotism exerted by England ever the free seas. . .

~ j * / THAT'S "X >7 A MATTER \ V FOR PRIVATE / CHARITY! ■ t

jgT) - / QLAD TO HELpj^X / HOW'D A \

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Vitamin D Provided in Sunlight

This is the Thirty-fourth of a series of thirty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies,’’ dealing with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. OUR knowledge of vitamin D, the rickets-preventing vitamin, is among the most recent to become available in this field. In 1913 a physician named Raczynski found that sunlight favored the development, of puppies through stimulation of their absorption of calcium. Then in 1919 another investigator named Huldschinsky reported that children exposed to sunlight were cured of rickets. The use of the X-ray showed that, calcium began to be deposited near the epiphysis of the bones after about four weeks under sunlight,

IT SEEMS TO ME

I ALWAYS feared that the diet would be debilitating. The fare upon which Bernard Shaw persists is calculated to dull the edge of logic and to tarnish his consistency. Mr. Shaw, as you probably know, eats nothing but vegetables and his own words. There is nothing else to explain his recent report in The Times about his researches in Russia. Os course, it takes very little to make a teetotaler maudlin, but it is curious to find Shaw going into a schoolboy frenzy of enthusiasm at the sight of a great military machine and the spectacle of tall factory chimneys. “Discipline is strict in the Russian army,” chortles this new convert to the glory of the mailed fist. Can this be the same Shaw who scoffed at soldiers all the way from Caesar to Burgoyne? Or is it anew Kipling, thrilled to his nostrils by bugle calls, who points with pride to the formidable army which is “to liquidate Mr. Winston Churchill and Mr. Babbitt?” Indeed, at this distance Mr. Shaw looks very much like Rudyard Kipling standing on his head. What? Bosh and Boloney? SOON we shall have ballads celebrating the might and majesty of the Muscovite who purposes to civilize ’em with a Krag. A little ditty, perhaps, to be entitled “For They’re Hanging Boris Shlapsky in the Morning.” We may even get down to animal stories in which Bernard, the bear, talks to Nancy, the gazelle, about economic determinism. Surely somebody in Moscow must have put gravy on the Shavian parsnips. In both bacd and manner the old gentleman has suddenly taken on a most truculent virility. For instance, ’’bosh and boloney” has a curiously strident sound in the vocabulary of the man who wrote the invocation to the Sphinx. But, of course, that was many years ago. “In Soviet Russia the gangster would have as much chance of surviving as a rat in a yard full of terriers.” There you are—spoken like a lusty sporting squire. I only hope nobody in Russia suceeded in selling Mr. Shaw a brown suit with red checks. Pray heaven we shall be spared the sight of Bernard Shaw rolling out of pubs at night announcing that he can lick any man in the place. Would Treat 'Em Rough AT the momen. he is filled with an*abject admiration for the firing squad. It has been said that an army travels on its belly. I rather think the same may be said for camp followers who write syndicated newspaper pieces. Indeed, I can not maintain the pretense that it is amusing to find the author of “Andrades'* saying: “If they find that you have been speculating or exploiting the labor of others, your relatives will presently miss you and you will not turn up again. “And there will be no visible jury to intimidate, no visible patrolman to corrupt, no visible magistrate or judge with an interest in your booty.” fj The dun# young lady who

Men and Money

and that complete healing occurred after about eight weeks. Then in this country Hess and Unger reported that exposure to sunlight would prevent rickets in rate on diets that produced rickets. Two years before Mellanby had shown that cod liver oil and butter fat would prevent rickets in puppies living on diets consisting largely of celery with a small allowance of milk. In the meantime other investigators had been studying the minerals in the diets of animals with rickets and it was beginning to be realized that rickets improved not only with proper exposure to sunlight and adequate amounts of vitamin D, but also adequate amounts of phosphorus and calcium, the bone-building minerals that have been mentioned in previous articles. The development of this type of knowledge is significant of most recent discoveries in medical science.

thought Bernard Show was a sandy beach is now well matched by the veteran playwright who seems to think that a star chamber is a celestial mansion. Any fair-minded man who goes to Russia must return filled with admiration for much which is going on, but it is strange that Shaw should have selected the activities of the GPU and the remnant of the terror as proof that here at last civilization has produced an enlightened government. Surely he does not think that the secret police, the summary arrest, the quick trial behind closed doors constitute an innovation in the science of statecraft. These things were known even in the benighted reign of the czar. Moreover, Shaw is but borrowing from the Tory mind, which he pretends to despise, when he argues that human rights must be curtailed lest corruption enter in. He glorifies in the fact that the Soviet leaders were not elected by adult suffrage. “Nature selected them. They still occur. Nature keeps on selecting them.” By now we are only half a pace removed from the theory of “the white man’s burden” and the notion that God, or nature, decreed that the Englishman should help out backward people by imposing on them his civilization at the bayonet point. 8 8 8 Not Exactly a Bargain YET Bernard Shaw grows a bit confused in his panegyric for the strong man who is kind enough to help out his fellows through a benevolent dictatorship. “Offer Stalin Mr. Hoover’s job and emoluments and see what he will say to you.” This is hardly a bombshell. Why on earth should Stalin want to swap jobs with Hoover? It is true that Stalin’s actual salary is tiny and that aside from a fleet of RollsRoyces the Russian dictator does not go in for luxury. But Stalin has within his fist the greatest amount of apwer ever achieved by any individual within a century. Perhaps in the history of the world. He can make war or peace on his own say-so within forty-eight hours. With the wave of a hand he can banish even a Trotski. • And no one can even print a protest. With perfect sincerity and safety, I can call Herbert Hoover a flabby futilitarian, but no newspaper man in Russia may so much as question the esthetic effect of Stalin’s latest haircut. Mr. Shaw seems to believe that the world must choose either the mailed fist or feet of clay. There used to be another notion. It had to do with a world brotherhood

Daily Thought

Go thee one way or other, either on the right hand, or on the left, withersoever thy face is set.— Ezekiel 21:16. The power of uncontrollable decision is of the most delicate and dangerous nature.—James A. Bayard.

They represent the joint offorts of investigators in all parts of the world to study problems from different angles and whose work is then correlated to a practical result. It is noV realized generally that vitamin D is developed in the human body or in the tissues generally by the action of sunlight or ergosterol. The final proof of this fact is accredited to Steenbock of the University of Wisconsin. Vitamin D is found in many food substances. Cod liver oil, summer-grown spinach, butter and egg yolk contain it in excellent amounts, as does also human liver. It can be secured through the use of sunlight, through the use of artificial radiation of the human body, through the use of foods especially irradiated. It always should be borne in mind that a close relationship exists betwen vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and sunlight.

DV HEYWOOD m BROUN

which could be brought about by common conviction rather than compulsion. I first came across it in the writings oi a young Irishman named Shaw. I wonder whatever became of him. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—After a thorough study of all the problems that the wise men have thrown among the American public, regarding this depression and the remedy, I consider them all as bunk. There is one way and one way only that Indiana can carry the poor through the coming winter without any cost to taxpayers and satisfactorily to every one. Have the Governor of Indiana call special session of the legislature and have them transfer two months of this year’s gasoline taxes to the charitable fund, which would amount to $3,000,000 which will carry the poor through the winter fine. The roads will remain in the same good condition. Would like to hear what others think of my proposition. GRACE TITUS. Marion. Editor Times—l would like for you to locate Mrs. Minnie Rosenburg, as her niece, Mrs. Minnie Walker, would like to hear from her. My address is 868 East Condit street, Decatur, 111. MRS. MINNIE WALKER.

Mnl pORTY-SEVEN W\ 1 I YEARS of successful [I experience in fitting p | Shoes on satisfied custoEight Floors Quality Shoes II! cMmott H m 1 Shoe Shop 11 |jj| || J 18-20 E. Washington

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ol this oaner.—The Editor

.SEPT. 4, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

It Took Years of Team Work Finally to Uncover Bones of Now Famous Peking Man. Sinanthropus— the Peking Man —whose skull was found in 1929 in a cave in the western hills behind Peking, where it had laid for perhaps a million years—is destined to assume greater and greater importance in discussions of the antiquity of man. According to Dr. G. Elliott Smith, world-famous anthropologist of the University of London, it is the most important “find” to date. For that reason it is worth while retelling the story of its discovery at this time. For those facts inevitably will play an important part in all discussions of the significance of the Peking Man. The finding of the Peking Man differs from the discovery of the two other fossils upon which previous discussions of the antiquity of man have rested. Java Ape-Man, or Pithecanthropus, was found by Dr. Eugene Dubois at Trinil, Java. The Piltdown Man, or Eoanthropus, was found by Charles Dawson at Piltdown, Sussex, England. Both these discoveries represented the brilliant work of individuals. But the finding of the Man of Peking was the result of scientific team-work. It was the successful culmination of many years of work upon the part of a group of anthropologists representing many nations. 8 8 8 Dragons’ Bones THE story of the Peking Man, romantically enough, begins with “dragons’ bones.” At least, that is what they were called In China. For a number of years museums, both in Europe and America, had secured fossils by purchasing from Chinese druggists’ shops what were known as “dragons’ bones.” Actually, these were fossils. Some years ago Professor Max Schlosser, a German scholar, called attention to a fossilized tooth w ? hich had been sent to him from Peking. He said that the tooth seemed miday between man and ape, and suggested that it might have come from a man-like ape, or from an early ape-like man. The next important event in the chain that led to the discovery of the Peking Man, was the organization of the National Geographical Survey of China. Dr. V. K. Ting, the director of the survey, invited Professor J. Gunnar Andersson. formerly director of the Swedish Geological survey, to become adviser to the Chinese survey. The chief function of the survey was to obtain information of economic value concerning China's mineral resources. But it was apparent to the scientists that this meant starting with a thoroughgoing geological survey. In order to work out the geology of the coal fields, for example, it was necessary to make a thorough study of fossils. In 1920 the surv ; obtained the aid of Dr. A. W. Grabau, formerly professor of paleontology at Columbia university, New York. 8 8 8 The Western Hills IN 1919—ten years before the discovery of the Peking man—Dr. Andersson began his studies in the western hills behind Peking. Dr. Andersson began work at a place called Chi ku Shan, a name which means “Chicken Bone Hill,” and is thought to indicate that the Chinese had known for a long time of the existence of fossils there. He overheard some of his workmen expressing surprise that he was not excavating at a nearby hill known as Chou Kou Tien, which they said was known to be much richer in bones. He took the suggestion and changed the scene of operations. * While excavating at the new site, he found a piece of quartz, a type of rock which did not occur in the region naturally. He at once suspected that it had been the weapon of a “cave man,” and turning to an assistant, said, “This is primitive man.” But no further justification of this opinion was fr.und at the time. In 1922, Dr. Otto Zdansky of Upsala, began work at the site with funds provided by a Swedish patron, Ivan Kreuger. He took a large collection of material back to Sweden for further study and in 1926 announced the discovery of two teeth which he described as distinctly human. Dr. Davidson Black of the Peking Union Medical college, impressed by the discovery, induced the director of the college to appeal to the Rockefeller Foundation for funds to carry on the excavations. The new excavations resulted in the finding of some fragments of a skull in 1928 by Dr. Birger Bohlin. who was working with Dr. C. C. Young and W. C. Pei. On Dec. 2, 1929, Pei found the skull now known as the Peking Man.