Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 99, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 September 1931 — Page 6

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Who Spends It? The proposal to spend the $750,000 “surplus’' in the maintenance department of the Sunds for work on roads by men who need work has merit. But the highway commission, by its own acts, has raised a grave doubt as to its ability to spend either that sum or any other with wisdom or judgment. Some weeks ago the commission decided, because one of its branches had money that it had not dispersed among favorites, to advertise for bids on over one hundred trucks. Representatives of truck manufacturers spent thousands of dollars in preparing estimates for their bids. They, too, hire men. Every wasted dollar for their companies means loss of a job later by some industrial worker. Now the commission, perhaps because of the protest against giving the contract to the one institution that has heretofore obtained contracts, and whose sales agent is high in the councils of the administration, has the audacity to admit that it needs no trucks at all. That is an admission that the commission was either so ignorant of its own needs or had some deep and sinister purpose in view that it intended to throw away three quarters of a million of dollars. It seems that the commission indicts itself of being unsafe to trust with vast sums of money and that it is especially unfit to handle money that is intended to be used for purposes of relief as well as for utility. The established record of that commission suggests that the money would be spent for political workers of the dominant party who have been largely unemployed for the last two years by a direct vote of the people of their communities. If there is no necessity for trucks, why were the manufacturers asked to compete? If the department does need trucks, it may be suggested that workers in factories are also idle and that it is essential that they be given support. The truth is, of course, that the commission intended to hand out a political plum and got into a jam. It is evident that there is disharmony and bickering inside the department that has created jealousy and rivalry between two divisions of that department. It is also true that the commission needs renovation. These comments, of course, do not apply to Commissioner Sapp, the new member who has shown courage and integrity. The Governor would do well to accept three resignations before embarking on the venture of using public funds to relieve the jobless. Avery good idea is otherwise likely to be wrecked at the start.

“Their Rightful Place” When the working classes of other countries have revolted against oppression and tyranny they have risen at the same time against the church, identifying it as an ally of the other side of the struggle. In this country the Federal Council of Churches in Americal just has re-enunciated the principles of religion in a way that could make the church a strong ally of the working man and the man who has no work. In Protestant churches next Sunday (he council’s Labor day message will be read, calling on the churches to take “their rightful place of ethical leadership” in solving the grave economic problems of today. “Society must turn its attention increasingly to the unsoundness of the present distribution of the national income and to the control of the moneynaking spirit which lies behind it,” says the message. ‘Public sentiment also must turn against the amassing of property, especially through stock speculation, without regard for social consequences. “To make progress toward a society organized on the basis of justice and brotherhood we need to raise vital questions with respect to the present economic order. When prosperity shall have returned, is it to be the same kind we have known in the past? “History indicates that a return to such prosperity will be temporary only and that another depression with its human suffering will follow, unless fundamental changes ace made.” The churches ask for a system of national planning adjusted to world-wide trends instead of “our hit-or-miss economy,” and for “anew concept of the position and needs of all workers and producers on the basis of justice, not charity.” It suggests provisions for an ample wage, stabilization of employment and adequate protection against interruptions in the opportunity to earn—such as workmen's compensation, health insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity benefits and oldage pensions. Some of the disinherited look scornfully upon religion as offering nothing to mankind except “pie in the sky.” But if the churches adopt the principles of their federal council they will be approaching closer, perhaps, than they have ever come in actual practice to the religion of the Hebrew and Christian prophets. Wheat for the Hungry Suggestions for the distribution of raw. unmilled wheat to feed the hungry and unemployed this winter may sound iv bit fantastic at first Lut. accorivng to Dr. Ernest H. Lines, chief medical director of the New York Life Insurance Company, wheat can be used in this way most effectively. Wheat cooked whole and served with a little sugar and butter is palatable and highly nutritious, he says, and a pound or two a day prepared this way furnishes a fairly well-balanced diet. If vegetables or fruit can be added, so much the better. The co6t of such a meal would be only a few

The Indianapolis Times <A SCKirrS-aOWAKD NKWSPArEH) ° W £ e A£?V P " "wi'.Tj, a ,‘'L ( * I . Ce , P ‘? un(iß y> by The Indian,polls Time, Publishing Cos.. 214*220 W?Bt Maryland street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion Connty, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates in Indiana. J. a outside of Indiana, G 5 cents a month. BoiD *-,m LRLET ’ ROY n toward] earl and. baker. " _____ E,lltor President Business Manager PHONE— RHt? 5551. THURSDAY. SEPT, 3. 1931. Member of United Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance Newspan-r Enfernrisp i„ n elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bur Van of Clrculatlons 8 ° “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

cents the wheat necessary for three meals costing less than 2 cents at present prices, it is etimated. It is unfortunate that thought must be given to subsistence living standards when food is so cheap and we have surpluses of almost every commodity. The extensive suffering in prospect during the coming winter makes the proposal well worth attention, however. Wheat could be distributed directly to the needy through local welfare agencies or prepared by them at central stations. The plan has the advantages of assuring food for all, of economy, and of absorbing some of our huge stocks of grain which now contribute to the depression. The federal farm board in-this way well could dispose of some of its hoard of 250,003,000 bushels which costs three or four million dollars a month for storage alone.

Introducing a Miracle To the cynical who think the age of miracles in politics is past, we submit Will Wood as Exhibit A. Perhaps you have heard of Will. You might not unless you pay attention to the doings of congress. Then you would discover that he is one of the dozen in Washington who sit back and run the government. It has taken him thirty-six years to arrive at his position of power—eighteen years in our own Indiana legislature and eighteen years in congress. Now, among other things, he is chairman of the house appropriations committee. Chairman in this case means near-dictator. He holds the money bag. Neither the lowliest lobbyist nor the President can put through a pet appropriation until Will graciously lets the appeal come out of the committee room in which so much has been rejected or accepted for the political barrel. If Will were not an old guard regular he would not be chairman of the Republican national congressional committee and chairman of the house appropriations committee. Others may bolt at times, but on major issues Will simply has to be regular—or the administration jams. It is not a question of going with the crowd; it* is party loyalty. Years ago when Hoover was most popular and it was popular to be a Hoover man, the gentleman from Indiana attacked Hoover “as the country’s most expensive luxury.” But when Hoover became the Republican candidate and the Republican President, Will gave him complete co-operation as a matter of party duty. If it had not been so, many of the White House measures would have been strangled by his trusty purse string. Wood, then, has been a pretty big part of “the administration.” Now he has broken with Hoover policy. Believe it or not, Wednesday he walked out of a conference with the President and to the amazement of the waiting correspondents proceeded to put the Hoover financial policy on the spot. He began with the Hoover billion-dollar bond issue. What he had to say about the iniquity of unloading our operating debts and deficits on future generations was calculated to -cause more consternation in the White House than the receipt of a gross of assorted hair shirts. What we need is a balanced budget, said the watchdog of federal appropriations. Then he got painfully specific: Cut the army and navy, and cut a lot! There went the navy department’s hope of “building up to the London treaty.” Cut the federal farm board! There crashed another plank in the administration platform. And cut many other branches of the government, said he. Whereupon Will Wood strode down the White House steps and away to—. To what? To a war between Hoover and the house Republicans? To a fight for increased surtaxes and death duties on the rich to wipe out the prospective two and a half billion dollar operating deficit? Who knows? One miracle has happened. Maybe others will follow. New that haiem gates have been unlocked and Turkish women are free, movie directors will have to hunt up some new hunch to get their heroes into trouble. While brains grow, scientists say, teeth rest, and a man pays for bad teeth with a better brain. Maybe that's why movie actors have such good teeth. A group of children playing on a sidewalk in New York were shot the other day by gangsters. Mayor Walker, however, has declared himself unequivocally against that sort of thing.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

THE person who goes to New Mexico by train misses a good deal of the splendid and sullen beauty of that part of the southwest. It is the motorist to whom is given the pleasure of watching the subtle change in landscapes, surely one of the most delightful of occupations. One travels over Highway 64. In the panhandle of Oklahoma, flat as a floor, the wheat is stacked like nay on the ground, so abundant has been the yield this year. At remote intervals small houses stand, bravely defying the glaring sun and the piercing winter winds. The fields now are brown and limitless, and the road, like a wide white chalk mark, runs straight as an arrow’s flight. On and on its goes until by and by some distance into New Mexico, over a low curve of hill, there rises suddenly the Black Mesa, majestic and ominous. Long, flat-tepped, it curves like a crouching animal. Rocks, like ogres’ castles, loom along the way, strange formations, brooding in an overpowering silence. One drives for miles and miles without glimpsing man or his habitation. n MOUNTAIN PASSES, green, sleepy valleys, and then Taos, with its mud-walled dwellings and its Indians with inimical eyes. Stolid, brown children, dogs and the dejected-looking ponies that only Indians seem to possess. The colors are garish. Vivid hollyhocks beckon over garden walls Jungic-s of vivid b!tx>m surround each low. flat house. The citizens point with pride to their celebrities—artists, writers, poets and dramatists. These latter, who twft the rest of us for posing, assuny attitudes that one suspects are strangely akin to that behavior. Are there not as many different methods of posing as there are individuals and occupations? Santa Fe sits in the midst of a strange, heavy land, weighed down, one feels, with a wisdom that is ages old From >ts soil breathes the emanation of vhe souls ol countless thousands whose feet have trodden there and whose hearts have rejoiced and sorrowed in that place. It is an unforgettable bit of our land that will be tinged forever with the flavor of primitive America and old Spain. t A.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Perhaps We Should Have a Law to Punish This Scientist for Putting Out AntiDry Propaganda. NEW YOPK, Sept. 3.—More work for dry agents. Dr. Alexander O. Gettler, New York toxicologist, who has performed 30,000 autopsies, says that every human body contains alcohol. “I have taken as much as a half drop from the brain of a man who never touched liquor in his life,” he tells the United Press. He has not been able to discover in what part of the body the alcohol is manufactured. Sounds like the usual alibi, but let that pass. The immediate problem is to run down the offending gland, or organ, and padlock it. tt tt tt Ought to Bea Law MEANWHILE, have we any law under which Dr. Gettler can be charged with putting out antiprohibition propaganda, and if we have not, what about making one? If we are afraid to take chances with a Bolshevist pamphlet, or a gang film, what about the report of a scientific discovery which might lead some poor boob to believe that there is no danger in taking a little nip now and then? tt tt n Think It Over STATE Senator Crawford, Democrat of Brooklyn, has placed a bill before the New York legislature making it a finable offense to produce, or exhibit pictures “depicting gangs, gangster life, glorification of crime and the criminal classes, or the evils of gang life, crime and criminals, or in any way having to do wth the depiction of gangs, gangster life and criminals.” Now just read that over again and ask yourself, if it were literally construed and rigidly enforced, what would there be left? And while you’re about it, why not ask yourself just how many gangsters, or criminals you ever heard of who got their start in a movie.

Just Tame and insipid I HOLD no brief for the gang film, though I have yet to see one which stirred up any desire on my part to go out and put somebody on the spot. Compared to the robust fairy tales and dirrfe novels on which mid-Victorian youth was reared, such gang films as I have seen appeared tame and insipid. Down in West Virginia, a man named Powers has confessed to killing two women and three children. He is headlined throughout the country as “Blue Beard.” Did you ever stop to think why? If you didn’t it’s because ten generations of kids read the story of Blue Beard until they knew it by heart. tt n tt Blame Yourself PROPAGANDA has a great deal to do with crime, but the real effective kind is emanating from more intimate and subtler sources than Hollywood. It’s emanating from parents who violate the law, and laugh when children ask them to explain. It’s emanating from the report that men in' blue coats have directed boys to speakeasies.

It’s emanating from a surprising lack of honesty all along the line—from the older student who cheats and gets away with it; from the whispered tales of adventure and romance that go the rounds wherever young folks get together; from the unwillingness of older people to take their boys and girls around with them, because it interferes with their pleasure, and many other habits and customs which seem unimportant. u n u Not in Hollywood IT is not exaggerating to say that we have thousands of killers in this country, or that the vast majority of them understand no other language than that of physical force. The glamor of their temporary success, the money they have made, and the publicity they are getting constitute the most powerful phase of crime-promoting propaganda with which we are afflicted. Immature youth is impressed by the dispatch and precision with which gangland enforces its code, especially when compared to the law. Immature youth worships codes and masters. Its love of rigidly enforced discipline and swift justice is inherent. Its instinct is to follow and imitate men who can do things. • All it needs is an opportunity to cheer for detectives, peace officers and prosecutors, but the opportunity must be real. It can’t be made in Hollywood. tt tt tt Just Compare Them IN England, youth is content to make the Bobby its hero. Why—because the Bobby gets his man. Twenty-one murders in London last year, and only one unsolved. Four hundred and twenty-one murders in New York last year, and more than a third unsolved. Many of the murders in New York were committed by gangsters, who not only got their man, but laughed at the law. As long as we have a propaganda mill like that, it won’t do much good to get excited over movies.

pTCOAyfIB thEF

GERMANS TAKE RIGA September 3

ON Sept. 3, 1917, the Russians abandoned Riga and the Germans entered and occupied the city without resistance. On this date also Germans conducted an air raid over England, killing 108 persons and injuring ninety-two. The raid was a complete surprise. President Wilson welcomed soldiers of the national army into the nation's service on this dcri. He addressed a message to them, saying: “You are undertaking a great duty. The heart of the whole country is with you. “For this great war draws us all together, makes us all comrades and brothers, as all true Americans felt themselves to be when we made good our national independence.”

. ’*"* l *' .. lLv£

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE — Vitamin C Provided in Orange Juice

This is the thirty-second of a series of thirty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies,” dealing with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories,vitamins. minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. * TT is estimated the average child needs about as much vitamin C as can be furnished by two teaspoofuls of orange juice a day. Vitamin C is important not only for the prevention of scurvy but is also associated with defects of growth of the bones and of the teeth. It is already understood that the prevention of rickets and of dental cares involves not only a sufficient amount of vitamin D in the diet but also of vitamin C.

IT SEEMS TO ME by ™>

I AM beginning to get worried about the crime wave. It isn’t really the wave which terrifies me so much as the undertow. I mean the mass of fool plans and suggestions which now are being poured into the papers. “Retired Army Officer,” “Good Citizen” and “Decent American” are tumbling over one another to suggest remedies. A dozen times I have observed some middle-aged gentleman at a party lean forward in his chair and exclaim earnestly: “Itell you this isn’t just ordinary crime we are dealing with. This is war. And we must treat it in that way.” tt tt tt All We Need Is Music IN fact, a certain amount of wartime hysteria actually does pervade a good deal of our popular thinking. Consider, for instance, the very frequent suggestion that the Sullivan law should be repealed and every honest man permitted to carry a gun in order to be able to shoot it out with the gangsters in case of emergency. Now, pause a moment to think just what this would mean. We will waive the objection that it might be a little difficult to identify just which of us are honest enough to bear arms. It isn’t really a question of honesty, but of temper. I regard myself as a good citizen within reason and a person of pacific sentiment. And yet I immediately would become a communal danger if armed with a revolver. Once or twice during the year I get so angry at somebody that I am intent upon his demolition If there was nothing more than a trigger to pull, I would do that while my black rage lasted. And this, I think, is no more than the normal allowance of temper. If we all went armed the streets and corridors of the city would be strewn with the bodies of head waiters, bus boys and hat check girls. u u Maybe It's Providence AGAIN, I think it wise to point out that this crime wave, as well as any other, depends largely upon a comparatively small number of spectacular episodes. We do not base our belief upon any sound statistical study. I will grant readily enough that New York is beset with a large amount of criminality. And yet it is by no means the roaring mining camp which a few frightened folk believe. For instance, I speak as a householder whose apartment has been unlocked for almost two years. I lost the key the day after I moved in. As yet nothing has gone amiss. This, I hope, wall not be regarded as an open letter to second-story men. I hasten to point out that there really is nothing for a marauder to take except a few paintings and a pair of shoes. There used to be clothes as well. But now both suits are at the theater. The name of the playhouse does not matter, though it wili be furnished on request to any reader who sends a self-addressed stamped envelope. Most of us live with a fair degree of safety within the limits of New York. And there is small excuse for the growth of savage, sullen and stupid feeling in regard to prison reform. We are now in a season in which that ancient phrase “nice old ladies of both sexes” is being dragged out of camphor to belabor all who think that prisons should have a certain reconstructive value. Moreover, those who favor the use

‘Bless You, My Children’

For a grown person, a pint of orange juice daily containing the juice of one lemon, together with one-fourth to one-half a head of lettuce or its equivalent in raw cabbage is recommended by Hanke as sufficient to prevent any vitamin C deficiency. It need not be considered that this formula is an especially scientific one. It has not been proved that the vitamin C of cabbage, lettuce or lemons is any different from that of oranges, tomatoes or strawberries. If one wishes to make up his vitamin C in some other manner, he will probably be just as healthful as if he accepts the proposed list by Hanke. Apparently much more vitamin C is needed for general protection of the teeth than is needed for the prevention of scurvy. Dried carrots

of the lash now are boldly preaching their medieval doctrines. Seemingly the partisans of fiercer punishment are quite unaware that this system has been tried century after century without the slightest success. u tt u Again, the Poor Foreigner A NOTHER unfortunate tendency in the crime wave hysteria is hatred of the alien and the suggestion that peculiar penalties be inflicted upon him. Thus I read in the Herald Tribune, a gentleman writing in all seriousness, “Deport the alien upon his first infraction of the law, no matter how minor.” If this were to be taken literally, the stranger within our gates who stepped upon the grass in Central park promptly would be bundled back to where he came from. The Wickersham commission made a close and careful study of American crime, and its findings

The People’s VoiceWork, Not Charity, Is Wanted * a tt „ There Will be Many Hungry in City This Winter, Despite Mayor’s Optimism, Says Mother.

Editor Times I have been a reader of The Times ever since it was the “Sun.” Your paper is a splendid paper, with what I believe are men of principle behind it. But there are things printed from time to time that “sure get my Irish up.” Our mayor went visiting and made a speech. He says he doesn't believe anyone in Indianapolis went hungry last winter. Oh, he doesn't? Well he is mistaken, to say the least. I know that I put my children to bed many a night huftgry, and expect to do so again this winter. I don’t take the least stock in all this “charity talk.” Those of. us who really need help—well, try to get any. If you swallow your pride and go and beg the trustee for help, you feel disgraced and degraded. No one will do it until actual starvation stares him in the face. And you get $3 worth of groceries for a family of eight. If one could get milk and nourishing food, it would help, but the stuff we have to take is no benefit, because nine times out of ten a child’s stomach is so weak it can not hold the harsh food. They must eat or starve. And the result is sickness. Mr. Stetson put in a plea to keep the children in school. We parents are perfectly willing. Above all things, we wish our children to have an education, but can Mr. Stetson explain to one anxious mother how it’s to be done, with no steady work for the father? My husband sells this and that, and during the summer, we have enough food, but our rent man causes us more worry than any one should have to bear. About every thiee weeks he calls and informs us if the rent isn’t paid by such and such a time he wants his house. The rent is about S5 more than it should be, as it is like a barn and ready, to fall down on our heads, to say nothing of vermin. And our worries are the worries of thousands. All this talk is just talk, nothing more. Mr. Hiner offers free transportation for the jobless. That would be a great help to us, as my husband needs to travel from town to town and hitch-hiking is a doubtful mode of travel. The thought of whiter frightens

have lost their vitamin C to a considerable extent. Potatoes contain less vitamin C than oranges, lemons and tomatoes. Because they are eaten so much more widely than the citrous fruits, they deserve special consideration. The leafy green vegetables are good supplies of vitamin C, particularly as they can be eaten raw. Raw cabbage, spinach, watercress are fine examples. The extensive use in the part of the United States of collards and turnip greens shows them to be also excellent sources of vitamin C, as are kale and Brussels sprouts. Becayse of the fact that milk is not rich in vitamin C, it has been quite customary to supply orange juice, tomato juice and similar substances to infants so that they may have a sufficient amount of this essential substance.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without rrgard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaper.—The Editor.

completely acquit the alien as the chief factor in the criminal element. Why can’t we stick to reason? The notion that it is possible to scream or club or lynch our way out of a difficulty is preposterous. There is no reason for us to lose our nerve and still less to lose our wits. tt a tt Need Scientific Diagnosis IT has been said before many times that the need is to get down to the cause of crime. The cause always will be far more important than crime itself. Even the bloody and spectacular gun duels along our public highways may serve a purpose, if they heighten curiosity as to what lies behind all this. And—depend upon it—the solution will not lie in any lash or noose or gun. We shall have to find devices which dig deeper and more permanently. (Copyright. 1931. bv The Times!

us. We hate this charity business, it’s so undependable. We want work. With six children, we need at least S2O a week and that would mean good management. MRS. H. H. Editor Times—l wonder if the Board of Trade president knows that many of the city firemen, policemen, teachers and other public employes own their own homes or are paying on homes, hoping to own them some day. Also that all these people pay taxes. Reduce wages? How are they "to keep up payments, pay taxes and keep other purchasing powers? All these people give generously to the community fund and other charities. One department donated funds to the needy every day at a certain hour last winter. Extra donations of food, clothing, etc., at Thanksgiving and Christmas also show generosity. A TIMES READER.

A Fine, Healthy Baby Producing a good, healthy baby is a service to the community. The welfare of any baby depends very lagrely on the fitness of the mother to bear and rear it. Often the whole future life of a child is decided by the intelligence and care exercised by its mother during pregnancy. Bearing a baby is, or should be, a normal, natural thing, To make it so, the mother must know how to care for herself during the period before the baby’s birth. Our Washington *v>reau has ready for expectant mothers a comprehensive and authoritative bulletin, drawn from the best available sources, giving advice concerning health measures, preparation for confinement, making the baby’s layette and emergency precautions. Any expectant mother will find this bulletin useful and helnful Fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. ' CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 135, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington. D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin. Expectant Mothers, and inclose herewith 5 cents In coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No Ci ty State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

SEPT. 3, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Discovery in China of the Peking Man Makes Earlier Discoveries of Scientists Much Clearer. PEKENG MAN, wbose fnwil remams were uneaithcd Li China in 1929, roamed the western hills behind Peking a million years ago. This is the opinion of Dr. G. Elliot Smith of the University of London, world-famous anthropologist who had the opportunity last year of studying the Peking fossils. From his studies of Peking Man, Dr. Smith comes to an agreement with Dr. Chester A. Reed, who places the origin of man at about 1,500,000 years ago. Dr. Smith places Pcxing Man. and the other two fossil remains of early man which had been previously known, namely the Java Man and the Piltdown Man, all in the early part of the glacial age. This age is known technically as the Pleistocene era. Many arguments have raged about the nature of the Java and Piltdown men. Dr. Smith thinks these arguments will be solved soon. "The discoveries in China have provided evidence to link together all three genera of early Pleistocene men into a coherent and correlated series,” he says. “They also confer upon the fossils from Java and Sussex a respectability that formerly was denied them.” (Piltdown is located in Sussex, England.)

More Primitive THE Peking Man is a much more generalized and primitive type than either the Java Man or the Piltdown Man, Dr. Smith states. “The examination of his remains enables us to picture what the common ancestor of all three—the as yet hypothetical Pliocene Man—was like,” he adds. At this point, perhaps, the layman will request some enlightenment upon the “hypothetical Pliocene Man.” As previously stated, the glacial age is known as the Pleistocene Era. It ended about 25,000 years ago and began about 1.000,000 years ago. The geological era just preceding the Pleistocene Era is known as the Pliocene Era. Now when Smith. Reed and others assign an antiquity of 1,500,000 years of mankind, they are assuming that there was some sort of manlike creature in the Pliocene Era. But no one has yet unearthed any such fossil. Hence, Pliocene Man at the moment must remain hypothetical. Among American scholars who are certain that Pliocene fossils of man will be found eventually is Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn, distinguished president of the American Museum of Natural History. Dr. Osborn assigns mankind an antiquity far greater than any of the figures quoted. He thinks that mankind arose 5,000,000 or even 10,000,000 years ago.

Age Is Debated AMONG the arguments which have raged over Java Man and Piltdown Man has been the discussion of their relative ages. “Doubt and suspicion have been cast on both fossils ever since they were found and the lively controversies concerning their age, their nature and affinities have prevented any general agreement as to their real significance," Dr. Smith says. “Both were deposited in grave’s or tufaceous material along with remains of extinct mammals of various geological ages, and the association of particular fossils with the human remains was an open question. “The Ape Man of Java at first was supposed to be Pliocene in age. Then opinion gradually changed, and most writers now assume from the evidence of the elepnant fossils such as “Stegodon” that the gravels on the banks of the Solo river (where the Java Man was found) are lower Pleistocene. “Professors Dietrich of Berlin and Osbarn of New York now regard the proboscidean and other quadrupeds associated with the Pithecanthropus as middle Pleistocene, and the Ape Man as another instance of the survival of a very primitive type of mammal in a forest environment where food was plentiful and safety was assured by concealment or flight rather than by open competition with the use of weapons. “If this opinion should be confirmed—and Mr. Van Es, the geologist in charge of the survey of the Solo region, is now preparing an authoritative opinion on the ques-tion-then Pithecanthropus might prove to be the degenerate descendant of a more primitive weaponless form such as Sinanthropus seems to be.’’ (Pithecanthropus is the scientific name for the Java Ape Man, and Sinanthropus, the name for the Peking Man.)

Daily Thought

For we can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth.— Corinthians 13:8. Trutlf is mighty and it will prevail.—Esdras.