Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 96, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 August 1931 — Page 4

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The Right Track Community clubs in other parts of the city should join the movement started on the south side for lower rates for public utilities. While sincere and insincere groups are advocating lower wages for public employes especially teachers and policemen, the south side citizens have hit at the real source of private “depression.” The cost of utility service in this city is beyond reason, can be proved to be greater than that allowed by law, and is extortionate under the rules of valuation established to protect utility robberies in prosperous days. These utilities, given a monopoly under the law, really tax the people. They serve necessities of life. No one may escape tribute and live. Very carefully, during the days after the close of the war, the utilities established as a legal principle that they had the right to charge on a valuation based on the cost of reproduction of their plants, and not upon the original cost. The utilities wanted this rule because they then proceeded to collect on all the increased prices of labor and commodities that came after the war. They wanted to collect earnings on money never invested or spent. Now things are different. The price of labor has dropped to the disappearing point. The price of the materials that go into telephone and electric and water plants have gone into the cellar. The south side citizens believe that the time has come for anew valuation of these plants for rate purposes and that the rule of valuation that applied in days of inflation should be used in days of deflation. Outside of this simple and just demand it can be shown that some of the utilities through their holding companies are practicing robberies and extortions from which a Jesse James would turn away in disgust. The operation of the plants by holding companies has been costly. It has been political. The robberies and extortions have been protected. The people have paid. There should be a city-wide instead of a sectional crusade for justice. Before we cut down the wages of policemen and teachers, needed now more than ever before, we should cut out the larcenies of the utility barons who pacify with gifts of pipe organs. Relief Through Public Works It has been heralded widely through state and nation that we are meeting the unemployment situation through a greatly extended system of public works. We imagine that all sorts of public and semipublic structures and improvements are being rushed as at no time since the World war. A rude blow is struck at this benign illusion by Laurence Todd in Labor’s News. Citing the totals given in the F. W. Dodge Corporation’s estimates for the first five months of 1931 as compared with the first five months of 1930, he shows that the amount spent on public works from January to June, 1931, is some $235,000,000 below the figure for the comparable period in 1930. And much less was spent for public works in 1930 than in 1929. In short, all this talk about vast increase of public works construction in the country is so much bunk. We are doing less building in this field than in times of prosperity and slight unemployment. An excellent appraisal of this deception and hypocrisy is contained in the August issue of The Constructor, the trade magazine of the Associated General Contractors: “The failure of municipalities to undertake street and alley paving work under 4he exceptionally favorable conditions prevailing this year is nullifying the efforts of the federal government to increase employment through accelerating highway work. “Present indications are that the totals for concrete street, alley, and highway paving will not exceed those of last year, despite the increase in federal aid appropriations to $125,000,000, and the $80,000,000 emergency federal aid money loaned to the several states.” The Sweating Male There is no doubt that one of the most convincing proofs of the stupidity of the human race in the face of convention is the persistence of the male in wearing coats during warm days in the summer. No American male who puffs along the street with the temperature at 90 and the humidity at 70, wearing the same coat which adorns his manly shoulders on Washington's birthday, appropriately can scoff at the Chinese woman who binds her feet. Despairing of any hope that the perspiring males will help themselves, Mrs. Madge Blair Barnwell has launched a movement to save the American males before they become extinct or intolerable as a result of the fatal effects of the coat in hot weather. She sets forth her convictions in an article in the Clothing Trade Journal. Some of the main points in her pitying indictment are the following: "Men are fools! Can you deny it? Men take the wool from the sheep's back, cover their sensitive bodies, from neck to heels, in wool in hot weather. “Men act as if they owe a religious fealty to the coa t—this uncomfortable armor, designed about 136 years ago by the grandson of a boarding-housekeeper, Beau Brummcll. Wool merchants and tailors found it a lucrative vehicle of commerce and as it is they who make the styles, they have chained you to its torture. ‘“While making money, they are suffering with you and going with you to premature graves. “Man’s dress in summer has distressed me since 1 was 8 years old. On summer evenings when the white moonlight of the “deep” south was distilling the fragrance of magnolia blossoms and jessamine stars, my stepfather, Professor Augustus Radcliff Grote, a gifted musician, composer and scientist, would be playing on the piano, accompanied by Monsieur le Rue on the flute and Mr. Lieonce Joseph on the violin. “With their coats off, the talented trio would seem to be enjoying their divine music. Presently a group ff women, in gauzy gowns, would come in. The men istantly would put on their coats. Now their faces

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPB-HOWARD NEWSFAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by csrrler, 32 cents a week. Mail subscrlplion rates In Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOil> CURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD, EARL D. BAKER. * Editor President Business Manager PHONE —Riley 5551. MONDAY. ACO, 31. 1831. Member of United Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Associatlon. Newspaper Information Service and Aud.it Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

would flush crimson and perspiration stream. Their music would lose its spontaneity and brilliance. “Their arms now were bound by the seams in the back of the coat. ’Why do you put on your coat?’ I would exclaim. ‘Why, it would not be decent to receive the ladies without aur coat-’, I*7 stepfather would reply. ‘But,’ I would retort, ‘the women do not put on winter clothes in summer to receive you!’ “With incredible speed, Post and Gatty flew around the globe—then put on their coats in the hot weather which greeted them on their return. Their attractive wives were dressed tastefully and appropriately for the needs of the day, but did the masters of a gigantic, herculean, heroic feat have the courage to dress sensibly? Did they not cringe to a false idea of propriety? To foolish convention?” Even without a coat, Mrs. Barnwell warms up to her subject. She finds that the sufferings of men from hot coats in summer lower their resistance and brings them to a premature death. This leaves their children without support and drives them into crime. Even the males who survive get pimples and eruptions all over their faces and bodies from the heat and are horrible to look at. Indeed, Mrs. Barnwell sees in the male coat a potential cause of nearly every evil save halitosis. We may doubt whether all the dire results which she attributes to the becoated male in summer actually come about. But certainly she has a case in the vast increase of comfort which would result from sartorial common sense in the male during high temperatures —and with no serious moral or esthetic jeopardy. Mrs. Barnwell says in conclusion that she does not know whether to weep or swear over the obdurate persistence of the ma.e in his self-imposed tortures. She should do neither, but rather seek consolation in history. There is hope for our males. Five hundred years ago they were wearing steel armor. A tropical worsted coat in 1931 is no little step in advance. Alfred Pearce Dennis One of the ironies of federal government is that citizens judge it by the office holders who make the most noise, but sometimes have the least influence. Dozens of officials in the Washington spotlight—congressmen, senators, cabinet officers—were better known than Dr. Alfred P. Dennis, who died Saturday. Asa member of the United States tariff commission for the last seven years, he was one of those brilliant apd devoted experts in government whose services are so little understood and appreciated by the country. It is no exaggeration to say that the federal government virtually would break down if it were dependent on the politicians chosen by voters or pari# bosses to head important commissions, bureaus and departments. The brain work usually is done by the non-political experts who prompt the office holders out in front. An economist and historian, Dr. Dennis first achieved recognition as a teacher and writer in the academic world. Later he became a pioneer governmental trade expert abroad—as trade commissioner to Italy in 1918 and commercial attache to Great Britain in 1921. He was one of the first to preach the dependence of the United States on foreign trade. His selection as vice-chairman of the tariff commission in 1925 was on merit. In the line of Costigan, Culbertson and Lewis he carried on the fight against suicidal high protective rates which helped destroy American prosperity and helped provoke the world economic war. When President Hoover comes to fill the three tariff commission vacancies, it is to be hoped that he will select men of the Dennis type, rather than members like Henry P. Fletcher, who is resigning, and Lincoln Dixon, whose term is expiring. Women Night Workers The President's emergency committee for employment finds the action of the cotton textile institute In dismissiiffe women from night jobs decidedly commendable. The National Woman’s party finds it a selfish at-, tempt on the part of the cotton industry to save itself at the expense of women workers, since the women are reported being dismissed not only from night work, but from all work. A fair judgment probably lies somewhere between these two opinions. It is decidedly regrettable that women must work at night, or that any one must work at night for that matter. Also it is regrettable that a mother with home and family to care for in the day time should have to work at night, while her children are asleep, so all may eat. And it even is more regrettable that such ( a mother should be left without a job of any sort, day or night, and without anything to eat. Until that happy time arrives when industry so is organized that neither men nor woman need sacrifice health and life doing night work, it seems to us the only humane and just way is to retain those workers, men or women, whose earnings are essential to the support of a family. %

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

‘"VTOU were listening to your heart instead of your X brain when you discussed old age intestate,” writes a of 71, who contends that children who do not ask to be brought into the world should not be obligated to care for their parents. I will confess forthwith that when it comes to this question I always give my heart the right of way. For I do not believe we can establish satisfactory human relationships without brains alone. The heart must have the last word so far as duty to one’s own is concerned. If this were not the case, all of us would be in a most unhappy state. To be sure, I am one who never has been moved greatly by the argument that because parents have the temerity to bring forth children they forever should be apologizing to them. Life is the inestimable gift after all. A good many find it hard, I know, but a great many more delight in it, and bad as we think the world is, I notice that most of us are rather reluctant to leave it. B B B I AM aware, too, that brains are necessary to establishment of a happy family. Indeed, the person who creates harmony and content in the home is person who has achieved the highest sort of success. But brains alone can not bring about this atmosphere of an earthly Eden. Only a loving heart coupled with strong mental powers can' do so. All of us will applaud an old man, who, having four fine children, prefers to live alone and support himself. Very heartily will we agree that more parents should emulate this example. This, however, does not alter the fact that if he were in need it would be the duty of his children to give him help and care, even as he gave them sustenance and love in their youth. And I imagine that this lion-hearted old man would find that in abundance in .the homes of any one of his children. Yet the state of independence is e blessed state. May he always abide in it.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

To an Ever-Increasing Number of People , the Problem Is Not How to Survive Old Age, but How to Get There. NEW YORK, Aug. 31.—New York entertains two famous ships— Old Ironsides and the DO-X—the one bespeaking a glorious past, the other a still more glorious future. Old Ironsides has been on the job for 134 years. Where will the DO-X be 134 years hence? That brings up the question of whether changes will be as great during the next century as they have been during the last. / 000 Would Renew Life „ T'VR. JULES STOKLASA, CzechoSlovakian radio expert, hints at immortality through radium rays. Explaining that old age is due to the deoxidization of cell tissues, and that death occurs when the deoxidization has become complete, he declares alpha rays arrest this process, while beta and gamma rays reoxidize the cell tissues, this giving them renewed life. “There would appear no reason,” he says, “why wornout cell tissues should not be renewed perpetually.” tt tt tt Want to Get There IT sounds fine, if not convincing, until one remembers . all the havoc being wrought by autos, gangster bullets, and other interruptive forces. To an ever-increasing number of people, the problem is not how to survive old age, but how to get there. Meanwhile, who would want to live a thousand years, even if he could, and wouldn’t the mind grow sour, even if the body endured? tt tt n It Has Drawbacks OUT on the African desert, an American scientist, Dr. Darwin O. Lyon, is conducting rocket experiments by which he hopes to learn something about the upper atmosphere. It doesn’t sound half as interesting as it would if he were trying to “shoot the moon,” but it’s vastly mere sensible. The worst feature of scientific progress these days is the superstitious gullibility with which ignorant people swallow the quack side of it. An equally dangerous feature is the way criminals take advantage of it to impose on the weak and helpless. a tt Dope—in Heart of U, S, AUTHORITIES just have discovered a ten-acre patch of “loco weed” in Philadelphia. “Loco weed," or mariajuana, contains a powerful habit-forming drug which dope peddlers can use as a substitute for cocaine, morphine, India hemp, and so on. Experts estimate that the patch in Philadelphia would have yielded a gross of $125,000, according to underworld prices. For obvious reasons, the exact location of this patch has not been revealed, but owners of the land have been notified that it will be burned within the next two days. a a tt Even Sacrifice Lives IT’S a strange thing what some people will pay for drugs and what other people will do to get their money. The passion for artificial dreams is as old as the passion for long life. While quacks have searched for the “elixir of life,” or the “foundation of eternal youth,” criminals have produced stimulants and narcotics. Thousands upon thousands not only have impoverished themselves, but sacrificed their very lives to make the traffic profitable. a a a Forgetting Human, Nature SUCH progress as we have made proves nothing so vividly as that the real problem is to save men from themselves. We have done a far better job in protecting ourselves from nature than from human nature. A large part of our medical skill is devoted to patching up the injuries we inflict on each other. a a What’s Been Done? HEROTC measures have been adopted to prevent the spread of infantile paralysis, which is right, but the auto has killed, or crippled five times as many children since the first of January, and what has been done? Millions of people face starvation, while this country has more wheat than it knows what to do with, and again, what has been done? Most emphatically, we need to make more headway in solving social problems, before we get too excited over the prospect of immortality, and we need to rearrange our perspective and sense of value.

WILSON WARNS GOMPERS Aug. 31

ON Aug. 31, 1917, President Wilson sent a letter to Samuel Gompers, chairman of the American Alliance for Labor and Democracy, warning that the “dangerous elements at home” must be opposed. “While our soldiers and sailors are doing their manful vmrk to hold back reaction in its most orutal and aggressive form, we must oppose at home the organized and individualefforts of those dangerous elements who hide disloyalty behind a screen of specious and evasive phrases. “No one . . . can. fail to see that the battle line of democracy for America stretches- today from the fields of Flanders to every house and workshop. . . . “May not those who toil and those who have made common cause of the larger hope for the masses of mankind take renewed heart, as they think of those days when America has taken its stand for the rights of humanity and the fellowship of social and international justice?"

yfif Ly ■,r ‘ "■>*

Lemon Juice Rich in Vitamin C

This is the 29th of a series of 36 timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on Food Truths and Follies,” dealing with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. WHEN our knowledge of vitamins first began to develop it was taken for granted that the vitamins found in the fresh fruits and vegetables' could be had in equal amounts by taking canned, pickled or preserved substances. However, later investigation showed that vitamin C, the antiscurvy vitamin, could be modified considerably or perhaps eliminated entirely by submitting it to oxidation. Oxidation occurs when such fruits and vegetables are cooked in open kettles on a stove, and does not occur to nearly so great an amount when such substances are cooked under high pressure in sealed cans, as is done in the commercial cooking process.

IT SEEMS TO ME

COLONEL AMOS W. W. WOODCOCK, director of prohibition, is against the use of women as decoys, or stool pigeons, in enforcing the eighteenth amendment. Mr. Woodcock, according to the New York Herald Tribune, “feels that the use of women either as informers or ‘blinds’ for his federal agents does not fit in with his determination to ‘enforce the law lawfully and decently.’ ” tt tt tt U, S. Womanhood Again THE issue has been raised between Colonel Woodcock and Andrew McCampbell, dry administrator of New York. Mr. McCampbell, on the other hand, feels that women are important in this work. Without them it often is difficult or impossible for a dry agent to gain admission to fashionable speakeasies. It seems to me that Colonel Woodcock is splitting hairs. The use of stool pigeons, whether male or female, is in itself undignified and indecent. When it becomes necessary to resort to such methods of enforcement, it is apparent that there is something wrong with the law. It seems silly to quibble at this late date about what is right and proper for a man, but not for a woman. Women have proved themselves capable of doing many things which were formerly considered “man’s work.” In fact, according to the historians, women always have played an important part in politics. True, they weren’t given a voice. But they were used as pivots for intrigues of national and international scope. And, again, why should men be subjected to the debasing role of informers? If the eighteenth amendment is truly a “noble experiment” it should be enforced nobly and not dragged down into the mire of ridicule into which it is sinking more and more deeply. tt tt tt Just Another Job BUT getting back to the ethics of using women as decoys, Mr. McCampbell is quoted as saying: “Women are not and have not been employed for that purpose. By that l mean they are not ‘hired.’ However, as I said the other day, I see no objection to it if they care to give their services free in cases where agents are unable to get into certain places unless they are accompanied by women.” Fie on you, Mr. McCampbell! I see every objection to it. The woman (or man) is doubly damned, it seems to me, who will turn informer as a favor to someone else. Though it is hard to condone, I can understand why a person might accept such a role for pay. There are apt to be mitigating circumstnaces that make it imperative. Certainly no one but a cad | would volunteer willingly for such | service. m m tt Stigma Should Be Shared ND any organization which will I\. countenance the activities of an ■informer must of necessity sink to j the same low level. Even the people who employ stool pigeons despise

The Last Straw

The only means of finding out how much vitamin C, or indeed any other Vitamin, may be present in food is to test it on an experimental animal. If the animal is given a diet without any vitamin C in it, it will die of acute scurvy in twenty-five days. If such animals are put on scurvyproducing diets and are then fed the protective substances, it is possible to tell by the response of the animal about how much of the substance is necessary to save its life. Thus the scurvy-preventing factor can be standardized. Lemon juice is known to be one of the richest substances in content of vitamin C. However, most attempts to pack lemon juice for sale have resulted in the destruction of the vitamin quality. Recently British investigators named J. Williams and ,J. W. Corran have attempted to preserve lemon juice with various added substances. They find that the reaction of the bottled lemon juice is of importance in maintaining its content of vitamin C.

them. They are considered among the scum of the earth. During the war we felt the same way about our spies. And many women were employed in that capacity. Os course, then there was a patriotic halo about the whole business that dimmed somewhat the nastiness of the assignment. But there should be no necessity for stool pigeons and spies within our own gates during times of peace. And any law that makes them necessary is bound to undermine the morale of the nation. Just so long as we have prohibition, we will have speakeasies and bootleggers. Certainly by this time it is evident that the majority of our'citizens are not in accord with • Mr. Volstead. Tightening the reins of enforcement will not solve the problem. Rather it would be better to drop them entirely. The corner saloon is a thing of the past. But crime, graft, hunger and poverty, are stalking through the country at an ever-increasing speed.

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between the geographic and the magnetic north poles? The geographic pole is that theoretical point at which all the meridians of longitude meet at their northernmost point and the magnetic pole is the northern area of the earth’s magnetic currents. Who was the first emperor of Germany? William I, king of Prussia, who was proclaimed German emperor at Versailles, France, in January, 1871, during the siege of Paris in the Franco-Prusif an war. When did the United States supreme court decide that only white and black persons could be naturalized in the United States? Nov. 13, 1922. On what date did Good Fridav fall in 1925? April 10. W’hat is the premium on a Columbian half dollar dated 1893? It is worth only its face^value. Should the president of a club vote while he is presiding? The president does not vote, except when a tie vote occurs, in which case his vote decides the issue. * What are the capitals of Japan and China? Tokio is the capital of Japan, and Nanking of China. Did Charles Bickford play two roles in “River’s End,” or did he have a double? No double was used. He played two roles in the picture. What is the title of the wife of an earl? Countess. £ How much of Lake Superior is in Canada and how much in the United States? What is tha total area of the lake, and wha t states border on it? A little more thaii a third of Lake Superior lies in Ontario,

They found that the addition of lemon rind oil, of sodium benzoate, or of formic acid did not save the vitamin C. Indeed, the latter two substances exerted a destructive action. Oil of cloves had a destructive action and sucrose failed to save the vitamin. The addition of a very small amount of hydrocholric acid in order to overcome the alkalinity of the lemon juice enabled the saving of the anti-scurvy activity for fourteen months. Here, then, is the beginning of evidence which may lead to suitable methods of preserving vitamen C in canned and packed products of the citrous fruits. Canned tomatoes, strawberries and other fresh vegetables are rich in vitamen, C, and are now used regularly in the feeding of infants whose diets are deficient in this substance. Thys far, it has not been possible to develop a lemon juice that contained a vitamin C factor in usable quantities.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

Never in the history of this country have conditions been as critical as they are now. We had our drunkards here and there and our grafting politicians. But now it is impossible for any one without political affiliations to make a living. 0 0 Call It a Day TT is about time that the prohibition administrator, the W. C. T. U. and the Anti-Saloon League came to their senses. They might as well admit now that the experiment was just that and nothing more. Let them direct their energies into constructive channels. If they would devote half the time ond money spent in aimless attempts at enforcement in an endeavor to find jobs for the millions who are starving they would accomplish their purpose. And they wouldn’t need stool pigeons, either. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times*

Canada, and the remainder lies in the United States. It is bordered by Minnesota, Wisconsin and the upper peninsula of Michigan. The area is between 31,000 and 32,000 square miles. What is the salary of the chief justice of the United States? $20,500 a year. W’hat is the past tense of the verb, hang, meaning to execute by hanging? Hanged. How is the word cinema pronounced? “Sin-e-ma,” with the accent on the first syllable and the “e” sounded as in Emma. What proportions of the population of Porto Rico are white, black and mixed blood? According to the 1920 census, there were 301,816 mulatoes, 49,246 blacks and 948,709 whites.

Can You Save It? That beautiful party dress that'got a drop of ink on it? That tablecloth on which Bobby spilled the preserves? Those silk undies on which you dropped a spot of iodine? Dad’s vest that his fountain pin spoiled? That napkin with the peach stains? Are they ruined? Or can the spots and stains be removed? Our Washington bureau has ready for you one of its authoritative bulletins on the “Removal of Stains From Textile Materials ” It tells exactly what to try for each kind of spot or stain. It may save you a lot of money. Fill out the coupon below and send for it CLIP COUPON HERE - ’ Dept. 144, Washington Bureau, The Indianaoolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin “Stain Removal,” and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: Name Street and No Cit y •* State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this column are those ol one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their *■ . disagreement with the editorial attitude oi this paper.—The Editor.

.AUG. 31, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Full Significance of th “Peking Man” Has Not Been Realized by the World of Science. THE Peking man, as scientists have christened the fossil remains of early man unearthed in China in December, 1929, is likely to throw more light upon the origin of the human race than any discovery previously made. The full significance of the Peking discovery is not yet realized. This in the opinion of Professor G. Elliot Smith of the University of London, one of the world s most ramous anthropologists. Dr. Smith, on a visit to China last year, was given the opportunity of examining the Peking fossils. Until the discovery of the Peking man, scientists possessed only two fossils' from which to draw conclusions as to the antiquity of man and both of these fossils were the centers of violent controversies. The two fossils were the Java apeman, or Pithecanthropus, and the Piltdown man, or Eoanthropus. The Peking man or Sinanthropus, to give it the scientific name which has been conferred upon it, may settle the disputes revolving around the two other fossils, Dr. Smith believes. He anticipates no such dispute over the Peking man as has been aroused by the two other fossils. a a a The Ape-Man SOME time ago, Dr. Gerrit S. Miller Jr. of the Smithsonian Institution summarized the arguments over the Java and Piltdown fossils and said that the great need of anthropology was the discovery of additional fossils. That need, according to Dr. Smith, is supplied in part by Peking Man. Java Man was discovered in 1891 by Dr. Eugene Dubois at Trinil Java. The “find” consisted of a skull, teeth and a thigh-bone. Dr. Miller lists fifteen points over which anthropologists have disagreed concerning the Java ApeMan. These conflicting views may be summarized in part as follows: Java Man is 500,000 years old. He is 1,000,000 years old. All the bones found belonged to one individual. They belonged to two individuals, one a man, the other a gibbon. They belonged to three individuals. The thigh-bone has human characteristics. It has the characteristics of a chimpanzee. The skull cap is human. It is intermediate between man and apes. It is simian. It has the characteristics of a gibbon. It has the characteristics of a chimpanzee. The creature was a true transition form between man and ape. The creature had a structure which removes it from a position of direct human ancestry. It was a gigantic gibbon. It was a “dawn man.” 000 More Controversy DR. MILLER lists twenty points upon which anthropologists disagree over the nature of Piltdown Man. The remains of Piltdown Man were found in a gravel pit by Charles Dawson in 1911 and 1912. Workmen who had been excavating in the pit previously evidently had smashed the skull and perhaps destroyed much of it. In 1911 nine fragments of the skull were found which fitted together into four pieces. The lower jawbone was found with two teeth in it. The next year the nasal bones, another tooth, and a few more fragments of the skull were found. “Deliberate malice hardly could have been more successful than the hazards of deposition and recovery in so breaking the Piltdown fossils and losing the most essential parts of the original skull as to allow free scope to individual judgment in fitting the pieces together,” Dr. Miller said. Here is a brief summary of some of the conflicting opinions: The fossils are 500,000 years old. They are 1,000,000 years old. The fragments are all of one man. The skull is human and the jaw simian. The jaw is human. The jaw is ape-like. The jaw was chinless. It was not completely chinless. The teeth are human. They resemble those of a chimpanzee. They are most like those of an orang. The creature was an ancestor of modern man. He was an ancestor of Neanderthal man. He was neither. He was a missing link between the ape and man.

Daily Thought

I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.— Philippians 4:13. Faith is to believe what we do not see; and the reward of this faith is to see what we believe.—St. Augustine. m. _ What is the value of all the gold In the world? How much is it worth an ounce? The total gold stock of the world is estimated by the bureau of the mint to be $10,847,801,000. The value of gold is fixed by law at $20.671834 an ounce. W r hich of the three languages, French, Spanish or Italian, has the larger vocabulary? French has about 210,000 words; Spanish has about 120,000, and Italian about 140,000.