Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 91, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 August 1931 — Page 4

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Killing the Goose When the very desperate members of the Board of Trade, almost out of business as a result of farm board activities, demand a slash in wages for county employes, they merely kill the goose whose eggs permitted them to live. Cutting wages is the best way to bring even greater depression and more unemployment. The less that workers have to spend, the fewer other workers can be employed. And the less wheat and corn can be sold by the brokers. Before wages are cut to fit the tax pocketbook to its contents, the brokers should demand a slash in rates of telegraph and telephone lines, their messengers boys of other days. • It is now a matter of record that the high wages paid to one telephone official are given for no service whatever. He is not needed, so it is boasted. But the brokers pay a part of the huge annual salary that is given him. The money spent on wires goes to other ciites. The money paid to public employes, and those who do_actual work are not overpaid, although some of the elected officials may be worth much less than they receive, is spent here and helps to keep others employed. The place to cut is not in wage checks, but in that thing called overhead and tribute to public utilities. Wage cutting can very easily turn depression into disaster. Shotgun Gardens Married men employes of Henry Ford must in the future have vegetable gardens or they will lose their jobs. If they do not have yards the company will provide garden plots. If the men do not know how to raise vegetables they will be taught by specialists. Whether or not the men want to have vegetable gardens does not seem to have entered at all into Mr. Ford’s calculations. Contact with the soil doubtless will be good for the men who toil in Mr. Ford’s mass production plants. Making things grow might fill a void in their lives, particularly if Mr. Ford will permit them to grow roses as well as cabbages, although that would be counter to his utilitarian ideas. Vegetable gardens also might keep the men occupied at useful tasks when Mr. Ford’s plants are closed down or operating at part time. Already Mr. Ford has enjoined thrift upon his workers, and he regulates their morals. So what could be better than a bank account, good habits, a vegetable garden—and a job with Mr. Ford? The sage of Dearborn frequently has expressed his ideas about the production of food. It is shamefully wasteful in his opinion, because the farmer need spend only a part of his time in tending his fields. Mr. Ford has suggested that the farmers would be better occupied if they used their spare time in making bolts and nuts and other mechanical parts for manufacturers. Their farms, of course, would be completely mechanized, giving them more time for industrial work. Once Mr. Ford suggested mechanical cows, to produce milk synthetically, because raising, feeding and milking cows is wastefull economically. But what, we wonder, will become of those who grow food if Mr. Ford’s ideas take root as did his high-wage, short-week theories? And how will those who have grown, processed and purveyed foods be able to buy Mr. Ford’s automobiles? And what of the division of labor? The Wisconsin. farmer can make excellent cheese, but would have trouble building an auto, just as Mr. Ford’s me-chanic-gardener might have difficulty in becoming a cheese maker. The man who grows wheat has neither coal nor iron or other matdfaals to use in constructing an auto, but he can raise grain for bread to much better advantage than the factory worker. Shouldn’t we continue to trade bread and cheese for automobiles? Our civilization is organized on the theory that trade flourishes and both profit when the shoemaker sticks to his last and the farmer to his plow. Owen D. Young and 1932 What would it mean if Owen D. Young were nominated by the Democrats? What are the chances of his being nominated? These questions are discussed with lucidity by Charles Merz in Harper's Magazine. Young’s ’’availability” is gilt edge. He has the perfect tradition—a poor boy who succeeded—and the press has given this full play. He personally is impressive, charming and attractive. He knows, moreover, how to capitalize this through timely gestures designed to Intrigue the public. He comes from New York state, which has the greatest number of delegates to the national nominating convention and the largest number of votes In the electoral college. He is a great business man and an intellectual liberal, all in one. . His attitude on prohibition is of the most perfect on-the-one-hand-and-on-the-other-hand variety. In popular imagination he is identified more thoroughly with an enlightened interest in foreign affairs than any other prominent American save Newton D. Baker. Probably no other potential candidate has as many aces of this sort up his sleeves. Only Dwight Morrow has approached Young in the newspaper lore of the past decade. He has enjoyed almost the same lavish attention as created the myth of the Great Engineer and Humanitarian from 1915 to 1928. He got under full steam with the Dawes plan and has traveled at a top clip since the Young plan was devised. During the last two years he has appeared in the New York Times on the average of three times a week. The one important obstacle to Youna’c, aicajr sailing is the opposition of the progressives who see in Young the incarnation of the power trust. But progressives rareley nominate candidates for the presidency. Merz believes that the prospect of Young’s nomination depends a great deal on the condition of business in the next year. If the depression continues, and if Hoover’s tariff and stablliaton policies remain or are intensified, there is a good chance that Young will be the standard bearer of the party associated in legend with the great liberal of Monticello. If Hoover is renominated and Young is the candidate of the Democrats, neither power nor prohibition is likely to be the main issue. The latter will be the liberalization of trade and credit, especially through "the reduction of tariff walls and ending the policy of national isolation. Merz believes that the conditions which would produce the nomination of Young would alsd lead the abandonment of the Republican party tt' big

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPB-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned nd published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos 214-220 Weat Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Jnd. Price in Marion Countv 2 cents a ’ copy; elsewhere, 3 cents —delivered by carrier. 32 cents a week. Mail subserin- . tion rates In Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYI) GURLEY, BOY W. EARL D BAKER ‘ _____ Editor President Business Manager ’ PHONE;-RHey 5551. TUESDAY. AUG. 25. 1931, Member of United Press. Scripns Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise A.snelation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

business, which loathes Hoover’s international policy, his tariff and his stabilization gold brick. One may go a bit further than Merz in speculation as to the consequences of Young’s nomination. Dawes said that Young deserved most of the credit for tfle Dawes plan, but the Republicans would hasten to point out that Young never has told how much the Young plan owed to his brilliant young lieutenant, David Sarnoff. If Young were elected and restored pvosperity, it would give American capitalism a tremendous new grip on life. If he failed, It would be a great—perhaps a decisive—blow to at least the older capitalism. Much of the responsibility for the present debacle Is laid to Hoover personally. If another great business man from another party also fell down, it would depersonalize the resentment and turn the popular rage against the system. This suggests another important possibility. If Young failed to function as an economic magician and popular resentment threatened to assume such proportions as to bring violence and revolt, then Young would be an almost ideal figure around whom the barons of the old order could rsdly to stage a quasi-Fascist coup and proclaim an American business dictatorship. Britain’s Crisis Goes On After anew three-party coalition government balances the national budget and pulls Great Britain through the present emergency, the basic conditions creating the crisis will remain. Nothing that the coalition can do is apt to revive Britain’s prewar position of prosperity and world leadership. World conditions, which created British commercial supremacy in the last century, now are against her. She is dependent on foreign trade in a world where the rise of strong competitors such as Germany and the United States and the industrialization of her former customer nations progressively destroys British foreign trade. While she depends upon coal and antiquated industrial equipment, her competitors develop new hydro-electric power and ultra-modem factories. Even her dominions and colonies tend to become her competitors. Hence Britain's huge and growing unemployment problem. In Britain, unlike the United States, it is not a matter of cycles In which temporary depression follows temporary prosperity. The British depression has been permanent since the war, with no end in sight. At least 3,000,000 and probably 4,000,000 workers and their families are a permanent excess population. Britain can not get rid of them. They do not want to migrate from their homes, and the dominions do not want them. All the elaborate emigration plans have failed to touch the problem. Such a large surplus of labor obviously creates not only a financial but a social crisis as well. Os this stuff revolution is made. The national unemployment Insurance system—misnamed the dole—has been, in effect, an insurance against revolution. It has given crumbs to a large part of the population to keep them quiet. When the tory government failed, a Socialist government took over. Considering that the machine it inherited was running only on one cylinder, and that it ruled without a majority in the house of commons, the MacDonald cabinet performed a thankless task well. It was not its fault that prolonged world depression —a result partly of the suicidal world peace made at Versailles—hastened Britain’s commercial and financial decline. Perhaps the MacDonald cabinet might have achieved more at home If it had practiced more of the Socialism it preached, according to the critics within its own ranks. But as a minority government it had to compromise. Such compromise, however, unSocialistic it may have been, was certainly not unBritish—since the compromise generally is accepted as the religion of British statesmanship at home and abroad. v In foreign affairs, the Socialist government had brilliant achievements. It reversed the dangerous secret Anglo-French military alliance of the tory government and decreased friction with the United States; it stood by Germany in Germany’s fight for survival as a free and self-supporting republic; it modified British imperialism in China; it established friendly relations with Russia; it weathered storms in Palestine and Egypt; it slowed down the rebellion in India; it led the halting world movement for arms limitation. The fact that the Socialist government fell because of a split within its own ranks, and that the conservative Socialist MacDonald is to head a coalition with the capitalist parties, probably presages the growth in opposition of a more revolutionary workers’ party under younger left wing leaders. That revolutionary movement doubtless will be accelerated, If the MacDonald coalition government as anticipated makes labor pay for balancing the national budget by cutting appropriations for unemployment insurance, health, education and other social services.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

A FTfR hearing from a bachelor that 90 per cent t"Y of our divorce is the result of the alimony evil, I pick up another letter from a gentleman who says: “Ninety per cent of all divorces are due to the shallowness, selfishness, dictatorial attitude and general unfairness of women. None of them can carry on a sensible debate, none can reason from the abstract. If mothers only would start training their girls, they could rear them to be less primitive, more kindly, more like their sons.” Now, it may be that he is right. Yet if all these things be true, then surely the men have failed signally in their duty to the family and the race. Is not a father equally responsible with the mother for his daughter’s training? If there is the grave danger that girls ars growing up with these evil and sordid tendencies, is it not clear that the father should set himself to eliminate them? Can he look on calmly and see his child, even though she is a girl, unhindered in her mistaken ways? Especially if he has the good of future generations at heart? nun WHAT men must do, if my correspondent is correct, what sternest duty demands that they do in the face of such a serious situation, is to take over the rearing of the children for a decade at least. For it is undoubtedly not “reason from the abstract” to hope that mothers with such characteristics as shallowness, selfishness, unfairness, can ever send sons and daughters into life without them. There is no logic in the belief that a shallow woman can bring up without help a boy who will be a deep and studious individual And no debate need be indulged in over the obvious if women are such fools, the men must train-the children in the future, it we hope to avoid having more fools.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS: It’s All Right to Oppose Prohibition, but Not All Right to Assist Organized Disobedience to Law. NEW YORK, Aug. 25.—New York girds for battle with gangland —war to the death, and no quarter. A novel attitude, after all the joking at Chicago’s expense, and largely traceable to two dead babies, which brings to mind the phrase, ‘‘and a little child shall lead them.” But first the police want SIOO,OOO worth of radio equipment, not to mention twenty-five armored mo-? torcycles. Give it to them by all means, even though gangland has prospered wtihout it. Meanwhile, there are those 30,000 speakeasies, of which New York ha? been rather proud. Is she prepared to give any considerable number of them up, and can she hope to get anywhere with this “war to the death, and no quarter” stuff if she doesn’t? Is she prepared to abandon a political and social system which functions largely on hush money, graft and Illegal traffic, and which necessarily becomes a protectorate for crooks and racketeers of every description? nan What Do You Expect? IT’S all right to be against prohibition, but it’s not all right to tolerate, if not actually assist, organized disobedience to law. This idea that people can disregard one law 'openly without promoting disregard for others is one of the worst illusionments that ever afflicted the human race. We have tried to meet the prohibition issue in a behind-the-door way—hiring criminals to get us drinks, laughing while we lapped it up and professing great astonishment that the noble trade of bootlegging failed to make the thief a law-abiding citizen. a a a ft’s Same Thing VIENNA is alarmed at 1,300 coffee houses; thinks that is far too many for a city of 2,000,000, and has decided to reduce the number to 400, or one to every 5,000 people. The Vienna coffee house is a sort of club, where people meet to talk over important business, particularly politics. The authorities have come to regard it as a plot hatchery. It requires no straining of the imagination to visualize New York speakeasies in a similar light. What n.ore convenient place for the crooks to meet, or, perhaps, get a grubstake? nan !t’s a Tipoff WE have some pretty raw spots in this country, but at that, we’re better off than some others. Look at China, where a mad river has left 10,000,000 homeless an is still is responsible for 1,000 deaths a day. Or, if China is to far away to be interesting, look at England, where the labor government has just fallen and Ramsay MacDonald has been re-appointed premier, with the job of forming a coalition cabinet. Things must be critical when such a hidebound tory as Stanley Baldwin will consent to serve under MacDonald, yet he deserves great praise for it. , ana Time to Quit Theorizing THINGS are critical not only in England, but in many other countries. Indeed, it is hardly extravagant to say that they are critical throughout most of the civilized world. The question of what to do has ceased to be academic. It now is a matter of bread and meat for millions of people. True statesmanship will quit theorizing and go to work with the means at hand. That is what MacDonald has done. a a a There Are Bright Spots THERE still are bright spots if one only looks for them. The Lindberghs have arrived in Japan, though “a bit late,” as the colonel remarked, and oil has reached $1 a barrel in Kansas and Oklahoma. That being the price Governor Murray demanded when he shut down the wells, every one is waiting to see what he will do. The chances are, he won’t do anything, until he is sure the companies mean it. Did you happen to read what Governor Murray had to say about the farm board’s suggestion that cotton growers plough under every third row? He said he though it was unconstitutional, thought that neither the federal government, nor the state could tell a man what to do with his garden patch. But, said he, the same thing might be accomplished by a grading system which would eliminate the poor cotton on the ground of public welfare. Isn’t it a wonderful thing to understand the constitution? Can’t make ’em plough it under, but can stop ’em from selling it through a grading system.

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SEE GREEK REPUBLIC Aug. 25. ON Aug. 25, 1917, Premier Venizelos of Greece made a definite statement regarding the possibility of a Greek republic in the chamber of deputies at Athens. Premier Venizelos declared that he often had told the former King Constantine that the nations of the world gradually were abolishing kingships and that it depended upon the existing kings themselves to hasten or postpone this inevitable consummation. “The government, nevertheless," said the premier, “is of the opinion that it is our duty to give the monarchy another trial. “This, ,of course, is a final trial, but I am sure that the Greek people and the coming constituent assembly will be disposed to render possible the continuation of our present system of democracy presided over by a king.” This statement was received with prolonged applause as clearly defining the government’s position on the recent tendency toward a republic.

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Appetite Stimulated by Vitamin B

This is the twenty-fourth of a series of thirty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies,” dealing with such much discussed hut little known subjects as calories, vitamins. minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. HISTORICALLY vitamin B comes first, but because these vitamins are recognized in the human mind alphabetically they are here being discussed in alphabetical order. It will be remembered that vitamin B 1 was really discovered by Eijkman, who fed the polishings of rice to the sailors and thereby prevented beriberi. Hundreds of feeding experiments have been conducted with this vitamin since that time. Indeed, much is already known concerning its chemical character, but that knowledge is so compli-

IT SEEMS TO ME

PROFESSOR ERNEST WEEKLEY announces that culture Is at a low ebb and that modern writers debase the English language. Professor Weekley is an authority on etymology, and his latest theories are set forth in a book, “Cruelty to Words.’’ Even Shakespeare and the King James Bible do not escape the criticism of this authority. He finds that Carlyle, Coleridge, Thackeray, Ruskin and many other authors of renown have sinned against the standards which he sets up for himself. Among the crimes cited are split infinitives, wrong pronouns and redundancy. Sports writers are placed at least as low as Shakespeare. Professor Weekley finds them among the worst in this “age of slipshod English.’’ tt u a A Stickler for Form ALL fields of journalism are made to bear the lash of the professor’s scorn. “I have seen,” he writes, “the unceasing torrent that flows from the press become each year more voluminous, more turbid, and more turgid and have come to the conclusion that today’s English is bad, that tomorrow’s English will be worse and that the day after tomorrow’s will be so completely made safe for democracy as to realize Henry Bradley’s prophetic vision of ‘the tremendous revolution of creating anew literary language on the basis of the spoken tongue.’” Come, now, professor. That’s a pretty long sentence for a man who asserts that the strength of written English should lie in its simplicity. It hardly would survive the blue pencil of even the kindliest copy desk. To my ear a phrase such as “will be so completely made safe” is at Least as ugly and awkward as any split infinitive. And the play upon “turbid” and “turgid” can scarcely escape the charge of redundancy. Less Frills and More Meat BUT an interesting point is raised in the suggestion that a revolution may occur which will bridge the gap between the written and the spoken word. Indeed, that movement already has gained momentum. Hemingway, for one, is endeavoring to make pages of print serve as a stenographic report of the sounds which talkers make. And I am not willing to admit that this process necessarily debases the mother tongue. If we have be- ! gun to create two separate languages, the fault lies not with the talkers, but with the writers. And more particularly with the very captious grammarians. It is not unreasonable that the •public should shy away from the precision of “It is I” and take refuge with“ It's me.” The second version is more concise and just as clear, and in the struggle for survival it has every chance to win. In fact, the day of “It is I” already has dimmed. Grammarians can not avail when the rules which they set fortE'happen to be tyrannical. Many dull fellows were held

Well, Well!

cated and technical that it is of little value to the average reader. In ordinary people who live on diets quite deficient in vitamin B there will develop general weakness, loss of appetite, disturbance of the tissues generally and apparently a lowered resistance to infection. If the vitamin B deficiency becomes exceedingly great, serious nervous symptoms result, which have given to this vitamin the name of anti-neuritic vitamin. Much additional study has been made, however, on the other symptoms that have been mentioned. The conspicuous effect of a deficiency of vitamin B is a sudden loss of appetite. Coincident with arjy loss of appetite, there is a loss of weight and an interference with nutrition. The question of the palatability of food is apparently not involved, because the feeding of vitamin B restores appetite regardless of the fact that the same type of food is being fed.

up as models in high school and college. We were asked to admire Addison and bow the knee to Thomas Babington Macauley. Yet these men and later disciples are the very ones who betrayed the language to the Goths and Franks and possibly the Vandals. They set down thoughts in phrases so cadenced and ornamental that naturally there was in them no ease and comfort. You can not expect people to go about and address one another in balanced sentences. Life would be unbearable in such a situation. Accordingly, it seems no more than

People’s Voice

Editor Times—We like your paper, take it every day and read it every day. Our pool and billiard equipment business is like every one else’s. We are blamed enough for the bad ones. Your front page on both last edition of Aug. 17, and home edition on Aug. 18, says the Art Deer pool room at 152 West Washington street and 148 North Illinois street was raided for ball tickets and about his getting freedom. We grant they were and probably needed to be raided, but there is not a pool table in either place. No doubt you play golf or billiards, and want to create the best of respect for either game. We are trying to elevate our business and not down it, employing fourteen men and they are taxpayers, seven of them are buying homes in your and my town. We can not possibly build tip in paid advertising on the inside of the paper what false statements tear down on the front page. Check your neighbor renorters, arid see their expressions on the same incident. This is not the first time reporters have made the wrong statements as the above. NEPH KING.

Daily Thought

But let all those that put their trust in thee rejoice; let them ever shout for joy, because thou defendest them; let them also that love thy name be joyful in thee.—Psalms 5:11. Large asking and large expectation on our part honor God.—A. L. Stone.

Questions and Answers

What is the unit of currency in Yugoslavia and what is its value in our currency? The dinar is the unit of currency, par value, 19.3 cents. The exchange value on March 30, 1931, was only cents. Who wrote the war song “Over There?" George M. Cohan.

Hence it is being well accepted that one of the important functions of vitamin B is to stimulate the appetite. Apparently it is also related to stimulation of the secreting functions of the stomach and intestines and to the power of the stomach and intestines to move the food along. Failure of the motor functions of the stomach and intestines results in al! sorts of serious reactions. Hence, it is important that a sufficient amount of vitamin B be taken to prevent all of the conditions that can occur from such failure. As with vitamin A, there seems to be also a relationship of vitamin B to general body conditions, including proper metabolism or carrying on of the chemistry of the body, reproduction, and ability to provide the infant with milk. The infant gets its vitamin B through the mother’s milk, but investigators are convinced that the amount it gets may not always be sufficient for its needs.

nv lIEYWOOD b * BROUN

logical for authors to strive to get in their own written style some of the freedom of true talk. One does not live by rules alone but by the swift inspiration of passing thoughts and fancies. It is enough to cultivate the ear. Any sort of English is wrong if it sounds ugly. Not all the copybooks in the world can support it. And a mellowed phrase should be acceptable though it breaks a hundred regulations. a tt tt Look at Will Rogers THERE may have been a certain utility at one time in in F. P. A.’s campaign against Cyril, who said, “Whom are you?” In fact, Cyril is the arch type of the man ruined by grammarians. It was his passion for precision which led him into errors. And this is true of many gross mistakes. Only young ladies striving for elegance say “Between you and I.” My contention is that spoken English, at any rate, should be more or less free-for-all. I despise the shall-and-willers. And I have even less love for the may-and-canners. After all, the important point is that language was made to convey thought. The essence must always be more important than the form. It would be ridiculous to stop and correct somebody who spoke with wisdom and with passion because here and there he slipped in the matter of tenses in the relative clauses. Almost I would urge each man and woman to cultivate a few errors of speech. If language is to be the mirror of life itself, it should not move along without some sustaining sins and a few inaccuracies.

The Occult It has always fascinated mankind. Peering bohind the curtain ot things hidden has intrigued the inquiring human mind since caveman days Most of our superstitions and beliefs about things mysterious have arisen as a result of man’s effort to pierce the future, tell fortunes and predict events. Our Washington Bureau has a packet of six of its interesting and informative bulletins on these subjects that make interesting reading. Fill out the coupon below and send for them The titles are: 1. The of Dreams. 4. Palmistry. 2. Fortune Telling With Playing 5. Meanings Ascribed to Flowers. Cards - 6- Meanings Ascribed to Precious 3. Astrology—Horoscopes for a Stones. Year. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-4, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of six bulletins on OCCULTISM and inclose herewith 20 cents In coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader o£ The Indianapolis Times.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

AUG. 25, 1931

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

| Weighing Less Than an Ounce, the Thyroid Gland Is One of the Chief Regulators of the Human Body. 13 ECENE experiments have shown that tadpoles, fed on thyroid, I develop •at an extraordinary rate i and turn into frogs long before they I have attained the size at which the i transformation nr’- ally would take place. In some experiments, tiny tadpoles quickly developed legs and lost their tails, and turned into miniature frogs no larger than flies. In other recent exrv’-irr'-ts, tadpoles were deprived of th:ir thyroid glands. These tadpoles failed to turn ir.to frogs, but continued to grow in size, attaining sizes far beyond that of normal tadpoles. However, when these tadpoles were fed on thyroid, they began to develop legs, lost their tails, and turned into frogs. In still other experiments, certain types of salamanders which possess gills and normally live in streams, were fed on thyroid. These salamanders underwent structural changes, developed lung structures of a sort, and were henceforth able to live on land. These are but a few of recent experiments which point to the importance of the thyroid gland in the scheme of life. The thyroid is one of the ductless glands, organs which manufacture secretions known as hormones which are poured directly into the blood stream, U tt tt Thyroid Is Small TN man, the thyroid is a small gland which weighs less than an ounce—from 20 to 25 grams in the metric system. Br* this tiny gland is one of the chief regulators of the human body, controlling in a large measure the rate of growth and the process of nutrition. The thyroid is located in the neck. It consists of two lobes attached to the sides of the lower portion of the larynx. The two lobes are connected by a narrow band across the midline. The size of the thyroid varies with different individuals, and as a rule is larger in proportion to body weight in women than in men. The thyroid gland manufactures a secretion of hormone known as thyroxin. Thyroxin first was isolated by the biochemist, Kendall. It contains about 60 per cent iodine. Chemists since have succeeded in manufacturing throxin in the chemical laboratory. Recent experiments would seem to indicate that the synthetic thyroxin has all the properties and effects of the thyroxin which is secreted normally by the thyroid gland. This thyroxin is apparently the regulator of the human engine, controlling the rate at which oxidation goes on in the body, that is, the rate at which energy is generated and used within the body. But while thyroxin plays so important a role in the functions of the human body, it is surprising to find out how little is required to do the trick. nan Normally, only a tiny trace of thyroxin is present in the human body, usually about one-fifth of a grain. (A grain is a little less than a fourth-hundredth of an ounce.) a a a Goiter Belts Experiments have shown that if one fourth-thousandth of an ounce of thyroxin is fed to a man, it will increase the rate at which oxidation goes on in his body by about 2 per cent for a period lasting hours. Failure of the thyroid to function properly throws the body out of balance. The thyroid can cause difficulty in two ways. It can either secrete thyroxin too rapidly or too slowly. An overabundance of thyroxin, known as hyperthyrodism, results in a general speeding up of bodily activities. The heart beat is increased and the body temperature raised. An insufficiency of thyroxin, known as hypothryroidism, has just the opposite effects. The heart is slowed down. Bodily processes become sluggish. An enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as simple or endemic goiter. Studies have shown that the lack of sufficient iodine in the diet is the cause of this condition. Certain regions of the world are known today as “goiter belts,” because this type o* goiter is common in them, due to the lack- of iodine salts in the water and soil. The Great Lakes region constitutes such a goiter belt. The enlargement of the thyroid gland seems to be the result of overwork upon the part of the gland. Apparently the gland attempts to manufacture the usual amount of thyroxin despite the fact that the diet is not furnishing the amount of iodine required for such manufacture.