Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 88, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 August 1931 — Page 6

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The President Acts At last the national administration admits that its prophecies of a return of prosperity in thirty days after the passage of beneficent tariff bill were the bunk and that it will be necessary to relieve distress arising from unemployment during the next winter. Not yet has this administration recognized the fact that sooner or later it will be necessary to destroy the causes of unemployment and not merely hand out soup and pennies to the needy. / To meet what is now recognized as a real emergency the President has called in sixty of the nation’s great men to formulate a plan. The guiding genius will be the president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, which owns all the telephone lines and subsidiaries which manufacture all its equipment. It is the company which takes thousands of dollars each year from this and every other state for that thing called “management.” Theoretically the payments by citizens of Indiana to this holding company are for services rendered by great executives, in telling the men in the local offices how to run things. The gravy of these holding companies amounts to millions of dollars a year, each one of those dollars reducing the purchasing power of some lesser paid employe. The opening announcement of this official reveals Just how big business operates and pictures these superior brains for which holding companies collect millions. The nation is assured that the telephone lines will run as usual. This high official is not needed at all. He has organized his job so thoroughly that he can go away for months without being missed. Yet while he is away, and it is presumed that he would not have worked if he had not been called upon by the President, his huge salary continues to be paid by the holding company which charges the telephone users for his services. Out at the plants of his subsidiaries in Chicago and in Carney, where telephone equipment is manufactured, there are thousands of men employed in good times. They are paid by the hour or the week or the month. When they have finished their particular work, their pay stops as it has stopped for many thousands of them recently. The difference in payment of wages for executives and workers may ultimately be found to be the cause of unemployment, in turn the cause of distress, now the cause of the appointment of emergency committees. Creating an organization was his man’s job. When he created it he continues to draw wages on the theory that he may be needed again. The men who work in his shops are paid only as long as they are needed and then cast back upon society to support in times of distress. Annual incomes for all workers, whether executives, farmers, machinists or stenographers, may sound foolish, but not so foolish as poverty and distress. Os course, it is fine to know that these indispensable executives of utility concerns are always available for public service. Young Mr. Insull, who rules Indiana in many ways and collects in many more, is now giving his time to raising eight millions of dollars to feed the poor of Chicago. That is a fine work. Later he may think of reducing rates on electricity in Indiana and stop making more poor people to be fed. That will be much later. Good News Although we can not get enthusiastic over the appointment of another presidential unemployment commission, the best news we have heard in a long time is that President Hoover is considering favorably the proposal to sell the farm board wheat surplus on easy terms for Chinese famine relief and American unemployment relief. No other way of selling that surplus has been suggested w’hich would not rob the 'farmer of his private market. Obviously the starving Chinese and the starving American unemployed are not a commercial market; they can not eat unless the grain and bread is given to them virtually free. To dispose of the large wheat surplus in this way would remove in part the load which holds down farm prices. Restoration of farm prices would help to re-establish the farmer as a consumer, a result which would be felt by the merchant and manufacturer. That in turn would revive jobs for some of the unemployed. The benefit to the Chinese famine victims and the American unemployed would be even greater than to the farmer. It would prevent starvation. This plan if it! is carried out will do more to curb depression, we believe, than the announcement that Hoover has appointed his twenty-seventh commission. Walter S. Gifford is an able chairman. But we doubt that he can do more than the equally able Colonel Arthur Woods, whose similar committee failed last winter because Hoover limited its work to “coordinating” local relief. When the people asked for bread, the administration gave them “co-ordination.” There are too many co-ordinators in Washington falling over each other already, without adding Gifford. Gifford can not achieve something with nothing. He and his now duplicating committee can help only if Hoover allows him to supplement local relief with federal relief. Federal advice will not feed the hungry, nor help local relief agencies which are broke. Federal funds are necessary. Unfortunately, the President and Gifford have initiated this twenty-seventh commission with misleading statements. Both of them refer to “the improvement in employment,” while official government figures show that employment is decreasing. Gifford in his first official pronouncement made the statement: “Unemployment relief activities necessitated last winter by the unemployment situation were, on the whole, adequate to prevent acute distress.” Doubtless tlois was an unintentional slip which does not fairly reflect Gifford’s knowledge of the facts or his sympathy for the millions in acute distress. “Premature” “Capital views Wiggin's plea as premature—strong opposition to debt reduction.” we see by the headlines. We had supposed that the proposal for debt and reparations reduction, far trom being premature, was about ten years late. Otherwise, why all this excitement of the last few months in Washington about preventing the collapse of Germany and protecting the heavy American investments in that country? If the existing debt and reparation agreements are workable, how does it happen that they have bankrupted Germany and increased world depression? How does it happen that Hoover li

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWAKU KEWSPAPER) Ownrd and published dally (except Sunday) pj The Indianapolis Times Publiahine Cos 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion Countv " cent! a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Mail subscription rates In Indiana. $3 a year; outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month. BOYD GIjRLEI, ROY W. HOWARD, EARL D B\KFU Editor President BuainesV Manager’ PHONE—Riley 5561. FRIDAY, AUO, 21. 1931. Member of inked Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Aaao elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

had to decide over night on declaring a one-year debt holiday—if it is too early to talk revision of the system which has almost wrecked the world? All that the international bankers committee has done in pointing to the necessity of debt reparations revision is to reiterate an economic fact known to all statesmen, all financiers, and all economists for many months. Germany during all these years has been paying reparations to the allies, who, in turn, have been paying debts to us, by borrowing the money. That vicious circle has become a whirlpool sucking all the countries downward toward financial destruction. Why, then, should Washington take the attitud# that any effort to break that vicious circle is premature? How can any attempt to prevent European revolution and war be premature? How can any attempt to restore world prosperity be premature? According to one rigidly Republican newspaper: “Washington, officially aloof, considered the recommendation unfortunately premature, because of possible political and congressional complications . . . Acting Secretary of State Castle dismissed the question by saying he might not even ask for a complete report of the bankers’ committee . . . the question of reductions or cancellations is freighted with tremendous political consequence, and few politicians want to face it a few months before a presidential campaign is to get under way.” Thus administration organs are reporting in effect that the explanation of the administration’s attitude is partisan politics and political cowardice. For our part, we don't know the explanation. But we feel very strongly that it would not be “premature” for the President to state frankly what the United States government proposes to do about the proposed debt reparations revision. Kill the Injunction The American Federation of Labor properly includes legislation to curb the abuse of injunctions among its major objectives in the coming session of congress. The need for such legislation has been shown amply in inquiries by committees of congress. Without it, labor can not be secure in its right to organize, its right to free speech and assemblage, and its right to strike. Judges will continue the practice of perverting the injunction into an instrument to deprive workers of their constitutional liberties, unless prevented by law. Several anti-injunction measures have been offered in congress in recent years, but the opposition of organized employers and disagreement on the form of the legislation among those who favor it, have combined to prevent enactment. The latter obstacle can be removed without great difficulty. Labor has many things to think about in these difficult times, but nothing should be allowed to obscure the need for an anti-injunction law, or stop the fight for its passage. And Green Isn’t Red Here is a short "editorial’’ by William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor: “Already another winter looms, when suffering from unemployment may be even worse than it was last winter. More than 40,000,000 people may be the victims of want, hunger, and starvation. “If, with all the intelligence of our leadership in industry, finance, and public life, we can not prevent this national calamity, then we have failed indeed; and we no longer can, blame working men if they condemn the present social order and seek some other form of organization which will give honest men a chance to earn an honest living. “The problem is upon us now. We can not wait until next fall, or it will be too late. Business must see to it that workers obtain security in their work; that work time is divided by shortening the work week so as to provide for all; that wages are maintained -o that workers’ weekly income will not be reduced. “Labor is ready to co-operate in every possible way to increase efficiency and make the five-day schedule economically practical.” The Illinois commission on prisons, probation and parole went to Europe to pick up a few ideas and were amazed to discover that British police carry no guns. Well, we didn't know Chicago policemen had guns either. Mr. Doheny was acquitted of giving the bribe that Mr. Fall was sent to jail for receiving. Maybe Ovid was right when he said that giving requires good sense. “Wine bricks’’ were offered for sale in New York City the other day. Probably for jelly-making. Some people should consider the habit of opportunity, which knocks but once.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

TO the average person the story of the stranded j 101 Ranch show in Washington probably was just another incident in the day’s desultory newspaper reading. But to those who loved the west it had a sad and bitter meaning. For it spoke the passing of another landmark and the close of an era that in color and bravery is exceeded by no other. It marks the end of a dynasty and the beginning of another tradition. Disaster and tragedy have stalked the great ranch curing recent years. Os the three brothers who inherited it already prosperous and famous, onlyone remains. ‘ Two met sudden and violent deaths within a short time of each other. However, these were but contributing causes, after all, to the downfall of the 101 Ranch. Another and vijal reason for its disintegration exists. There is no longer a wild and woolly west, and people everywhere have sensed the fact. A few small boys still may thrill at the sight of ponies dashing madly about a circus ring, and of stalwart men in gala attire shooting, riding, swaggering. But very soon they, too, will understand that most of these are fake. * tt a a WHILE men still ride herd on western ranges, the old cowboy, that romantic figure, has gone forever. Limitless acres still stretch themselves under sunny skies, but most of the ranches are dude ranches now, * where city men and women in trim trousers ride sedately up and down the cow trails and think themselves very daring. Fine roping, trick riding, broncho busting, all these are circus tricks and nothing more. The old 101, once the center of a vast country, he hub of many thriving industries, th rendezvous of cowhands. Indians and ranchers, the show place of a state, will in tfme be. but a name that is remembered with affection by those who knew it in the days of its glory-. The Indians who still come there are only the ghosts of a people, the remains of a lost race. Soon, like themselves, the ranch they loved will be but a memory. When that day comes the old west will be no more, f

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Young Men and Young Women Never Had a Bettei Chance to Make Good Than They Have Today. NEW YORK, Aug. 21.—Professor Mochanoff, Russian meteorolo- ! gist and passenger on the Graf Zeppelin during her recent Arctic trip makes an interesting announcement. Development of a photograph which he took as the dirigible was passing over southern Nova Zembla shows an airplane on the ground. He thinks it may be the airplane i in which Amundsen set out to find I the Nobile expedition. Not pausing to romance over that point, it is some one’s airplane, tell- ! ing a mute, but eloquent, tale of ’ heroism and tragedy. tt tt a Today’s Opportunities YOU hear people complain that this machine age is dull and devitalizing. It is when represented by sweatshops and conveyor systems, but why give them all the attention? If the-machine age has made possible systems and organizations that involve something akipt to slavery, it also has made possible greater j freedom of action and greater fields of adventure. Even from the narrowest standpoint of individualism, young men j and young women never had a bet- | ter chance to make good than they have today. The trouble is that we are not teaching them to see that side of the picture. We are teaching them to believe that life holds little but a job, or, in rare cases, a prospect of marrying the boss’ daughter. a tt Standardization IT is not machinery that kills the spirit of initiative, but the social and educational system. From the time a child enters the world these days, we train him to do the goosestep. We won’t even let him play without a supervisor. The moment a baby is born, we stick up a chart at the head of the crib, and that baby lives by it as long as parents can pay the bill. Such natural talent for selection as the baby is expected to begin with is crushed by the routine grind. We excuse the routine grind as essential to a machine age, though nine-tenths of it is a by-product of medieval ideas and represents a culture which has little in common with airplanes, X-rays or vacuum cleaners. a a Individuals, All A BODY floating in the North sea, which may have been that of Cramer; the escapade of a New Jersey senator who drank too much gin with his sweetie and doesn’t know how he got shot; the fall and death of two men from a Himalayan precipice; the experiences of the Lindberghs in their attempt to reach Japan—why do such things appeal to people, especially young people? Why do we find the acts and activities of an individual so much more interesting than those of a multitude? Why do we remember war by the names of a few heroes? Why would we rather read a horrible crime story where only two or three persons are concerned than the history of some great corporation? Why is it so hard to make a political issue, unless it can be tied on to some prominent man, or candidate? Why—because were all individuals at heart. tt an Persons, Parties THE letter which Governor Roosevelt wrote President Hoover regarding power negotiations with Canada and to which the President made no direct reply, has done more to popularize that particular problem than all the learned discussions, or tables of statistics. Tlie question of what former Governor Smith will say, when he gets around to it, has served to dramatize the probable break between Roosevelt and Tammany Hall more vividly than anything else. The question of whom the Democratic party will nominate for President next year is of vastly more concern to average people than what the Democratic party will say in its platform. . tt tt tt Pity Mr, Gifford PRESIDENT HOOVER calls Walter S. Gifford from his job as head of the A. T. & T. to organize the national program of relief this winter. A good selection on the President’s part, but a hard task for Mr. Gifford. It is renorted that the President adented this course to forestall the possibility of a dole. On§ infers that he refused to call a special session of congress for the same reason. tt tt Want Fascism? A GOOD many people appear to be afraid of congress, and you can't help wondering why. Are we losing faith in those republican institutions, of which congress is easily the most outstanding? Would we rather have the country run by the executive? If so, we are nearer in line with Fascism than most of us would care to admit.

Questions and Answers

What kind of a game is craps? How is it played? It is a game of chance, played by any number of persohs with two dice. The person holding the dice throws and if his first throw is 2, 3 or 12, it is “craps” and he loses; should he throw 7 or 11, he wins. Should he throw any other number, he continues to throw until he throws that number again and wins or he throws 7 and loses. i Is Kate Smith, who sings over the radio, white or Negro? How old is she and how much does she weigh? She is a white woman and weighs about 225 pounds. She is 22 years old.

Still a Long Way from the Arena

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE N Vitamin A Is Essential to Health

This is the twenty-first of a series of thirty-six timely articles bv Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies,” deaiine with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins. minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. VITAMIN A is also called the fat soluble vitamin, because it was first discovered in butterfat, then in the fat of egg yolk and finally in the fat of cod liver oil. It is, of course, available in milk and in such leafy vegetables as spinach, water cress, lettuce celery leaves and the tops of turnips, beets and radishes. This vitamin is also abundant in liver, kidneys and sweetbreads, but is not found to any extent in lean meats or in the body fats of animals. such as ta iw - -"1 lard Numerous attempts have been

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE Rev. Dr. Albert D. Belden, speaking Sunday at the Brick Presbyterian church, depicted for his audience a Rotarian and Kiwanian heaven. According to the Herald Tribune, “Dr. Belden decided that heaven must be a sociable place only after he had observed that man’s ‘most satisfying - activity’ was what he called ‘getting together’ somewhat in the manner of the Kiwanis and Rotary.” tt tt it Riding the Goat Into Heaven “''TT'HAT is sound Christianity,” Ahe declared. “No man ever really enjoys being alone except as a preparation for getting together. That is why we have sweethearts, families, Kiwanians and Rotarians. Even your Mussolinis never are happy unless someone is looking on.” “I don’t agree entirely with Dr. Belden. I think most men and women enjoy being alone sometimes. Asa matter of fact, if our life on this planet is merely a preparation for an eternal life hereafter, it seems to me important that we have enough time and solitude for introspection. It needs must be that all of us have a lot of rough spots to iron out before we can face St. Peter and demand admission within the pearly gates. Man’s inclination to be a joiner is not the result so much -of a desire to get together as the fear of being left out in the cold. Social life as we knew it in the nineties is no more. People have somehow lost the art of conversation. To satisfy the soul hunger, they have found it necessary to organize into groups and clans, give themselves a name and set up bylaws and a constitution. tt tt tt When Good Fellows Meet ONCE upon a time it was the custom for neighbors to gather in one another’s homes and indulge in conversation over a iiagon of gdod ale. Now our social intercourse is for the most part synthetic. We come together at stated ntervals only .for a reason. We have lost our individuality and the ability to make for ourselves an interesting existence. There is evident, in our willingness to ally ourselves with Kiwanis, Rotary and the like, a herding instinct which belies our claim to a higher civilization. No, I don’t think I should care for that kind of heaven. I’d hate to feel that it was obligatory on my part to become one of a group. I’d much rather just wander around aimlessly and pick my friends. For instance, I imagine I could enjoy listening to Plato or Aristotle or reminiscing with Woodrow Wilson and Gene Debs. But when I felt the urge for frivolity, I doubt that any of these men, save Debs, would make the ! nroper companion for a gay evening. I’d be more apt to choose Jimmy Walker and Texas Guinan. tt tt a Celestial High Signs ALL this thought and discussion about a hereafter would be less ! than pointless if it meant merely a j continuance of life as we know it. If there is another plane it must be better, or at least different. It should be a place where man can realize the desires and whims—:no matter how fantastic—that he ! had to frustrate here on earth. . According to Dr. Belden, it would be necessary for St. Peter to know

made to isolate vitamin A in pure form, and there now are available concentrates of vitamin A in extracts and in tablet form that may be taken when the physician prescribes excessive vitamin A in the diet for any specific purpose. The vast majority of mankind can, however, get all the vit?”' , n A that seems to be needed in ordinary food substances. - Should scientific evidence ultimately reveal some particular value associated with the regular taking of excess amounts of vitamin A, the routine use of such tablets may become desirable. Many investigators have reported benefit in certain diseases from taking excess amounts of vitamin A, and there is some evidence that it bears a relationship to general vigor and resistance.

all the high signs and passwords of the different organizations to be able to classify the newcomers. It would be terrible if he made a mistake and sent a thirty-third degree Mason over to the Knights of Columbus. And I doubt the feasibility of red fezzes and gold wings. tt tt tt Line Forms on the Right IT pays to advertise. One day last week, in this column, I ventured the opinion that it was right and proper for a woman to express her love for a man. I mentioned, in effect, that I, for one, would feel highly honored at any such confession, and that the woman would take on anew significance in my eyes. In today’s mail I received the following note: “Dear Mr. Broun: “Your reassurances in Friday’s paper make it possible for me to speak at last. I love you. “AN UNKNOWN ADMIRER.” “P. S.— l am white, Nordic and female. There still are enough taboos to keep me from signing my name.” I am glad my correspondent reassured me as to her se’*:. But I could wish that she had sent me a

People’s Voice

Editor Times—Certainly the dogs of Indianapolis have had their share of suffering this summer. The heat for human beings has been well nigh intolerable, but to the poor dog cooped up in a hot shed or a still more stuffy room, it must have been torture indeed. A dog needs fun and recreation as well as a person, and to keep in good physical and mental health he should have at least two hours of exercise a day. In the good old days when Rover trotted all the way to town under his master's wagon, when he could bathe in the brook, or' lie down on the soft, cool grass under a shady tree, there was nothing heard of rabies. In fact, it was so rare that lots of people didn't believe there was such a thing. The cooping-up treatment has been tried without success. Why not get the dog back, close to nature, where he belongs? I love dogs better than anything in the world, but I wouldn’t have one in Indianapolis as conditions are now. I would have too much consideration for the dog. S. M. G. Editor Times—l would like to say a few words regarding the defunct State Savings and Trust Company, closed nearly two years. Os course, I realize I am only one of many who lost their savings in this crash. Someone was to blame for this and it should be investigated to the bottom and someone should have to pay the depositors every cent they lest. Where were the state bank examiners? Must have had a nice nap to let an institution of this kind continue taking the people’s money when they were just throwing it away: and now all this time and not a cent has been returned to the people. It seems to me that something could be done yet about this outrage. Someone should be left holding the bag besides the depositors. Let’s get together and do something. Let’s hear from some one else. PAUL KELLEY.

This, however, is general evidence and not the kind of scientific evidence that is recognized as proof. The eminent authority, H. C. Sherman, believes that there is a tendency toward longer life when the diet is rich in vitamin A. There also seems to be some evidence that vitamin A bears some relationship to the formation of stones in the kidney. If the amount of vitamin A in .‘fie diet is steadily reduced, there is a gradual lowering in general health and finally a complete failure of nutrition. Authorities have come to the conclusion that vitamin A must be supplied _n liberal proportions not only during growth, but in the food of the adult as well if a good condition of nutrition and a high degree of health and vigor are to be maintained.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

photograph or a more detailed description of herself. For if lam to return the adoration of an unknown worshiper, it seems important to have at least some idea of what she is like. lam prone to exaggerate. It is quite possible for me to set up a mental image of this “unknown admirer” that far surpasses actuality. And, then, if we meet some day and she makes herself known to me, even though she be beautiful, in all probability she will not measure up to the picture I have built up in my imagination. And it’s almost impossible for me to say “No.” (CoDvrieht. 1931. bv The Times)

PRESENT PEACE NOTE Aug. 21.

ON Aug. 21, 1917, Dr. Michaelis, German chancellor, presented the peace note of the pope to the main committee of the Reichstag with the statement: “It is to be understood that in view of the attitude of our enemies the German press maintains that it is impossible to make fresh peace proposals. The chancellor quoted the Vorwarts of Aug. 19, as follows: “At no moment of the war has it been as clear as it is now that the responsibility for the prolongation of the war rests alone with our enemies. Their answer to our outstretched hand was a smashing blow with the fist. At this moment there is for us only one possibility, that is to defend ourselves and our skin.” A debate ensued in which Socialists, Liberals, National Liberals, Independent Socialists and members of the German group participated. On this date also the French captured new positions along the Meuse, and the Canadians drove the Germans from trenches at Lens with bayonet attacks.

The Occult It has always fascinated mankind. Peering behind the curtain oi things hidden has intrigued the inquiring human mind since caveman days. Most of our superstitions and beliefs about things mysterious have arisen as a result of mans effort to pierce the future, tell fortunes and predict events. Our Washington Bureau has a packet of six of its interesting and informative bulletins on these subjects that make interesting reading. Fill out the coupon below and send for them The titles are: 1. The Meaning of Dreams. 4. Palmistry. 2. Fortune Telling With Playing 5. Meanings Ascribed to Flowers. Cards. 6. Meanings Ascribed to Precious 3. Astrology—Horoscopes for a Stones. Year. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-4. Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of six bulletins on OCCULTISM and inclose herewith 20 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO r CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interestine writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naner.—The Editor.

.AUG. 21, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Head of a Comet Is Likely to Appear as Large as the Moon, but a Meteor Fur~ nishes Only a Momentary Phenomenon. SEVERAL correspondents, reading my recent articles about comets in which I mentioned the fact that no large comet visible to the naked eye has been seen for many years, write in to say that they think they have seen large comets within the last few weeks. It is apparent from the descriptions of the phenomena which these correspondents give that they saw meteors or “shooting stars.” and not comets. George Katzowitch of New York City writes me an interesting letter in which he says, in part : “Now. sir. I know very little about comets and the science with which they are allied, namely astronomy. However, it is my belie' that between or at about 9:30 p. m. or 10 p. m. on Aug. 1 of this year I observed a comet about four times the size of the North Star move spectacularly through the sky. “Its color was a bright reddish yellow and left a tail-like trail in its paraboa-like gyrations through the great white Mikv Way far greater or longer than the tail mentioned in your article. “I have a corroborating witness who was with me in Central Park at the time of this phenomenon. We both were held spellbound for about a minute by this August sight.” u tt a Slow-Moving Meteor MR. KATZOWITCH pleads small knowledge of astronomy. But he has the makings of a good astronomer in him, for he is a careful and accurate observer. His description is an excellent one of a large slow-moving metecr and there is no question about that being the object which he and his friend saw. A comet would never be a momehtary phenomenon. A comet i which approached close enough to | the earth to become visible to the unaided eye would remain visible I night after night for a week or more, perhaps for several months. In adidtion, while it is a fact that a comet moves very rapidly in its course around the sun, its motion is not sufficiently rapid to be readily visible to the unaided eve. The only way one could tell that a cmet was in motion would be to compare its position with respect to the stars on one night and then note the next night how much the comet had moved with respect to those same stars. A naked-eye comet is also a much larger object than that described by my correspondent. The head of the comet is likely to be as large or even several times as large as ihe full moon. A “shooting star” or meteor, however, furnishes only a momentary phenomenon. Bit of Rock A METEOR is a small bit of rock, perhaps as small as a pea, perhaps as large as a paving brick, moving through space within our solar system. It remains invisible forever unless it has the ill fortune to cross the eart’s path. If it enter's the earth’s atmosphere, friction against the air causes it to grow hot and melt. It leaves a fiery trail as it moves through the air. We see this trail and call it a “shooting star.” On any clear night your are certain to see a number of these meteors or shooting stars if you are patient and watch the sky for an hour or more. Most of them are nt very bright ahd look like their popular name shooting stars. They look as if a star suddenly had fallen out of place and gone flashing across the sky to oblivion. Occasionally, however, a meteor larger than usual will enter the earth's atmosphere. It will give a better show than the average meteor. On a number of occasions in .the last few years I have seen such large meteors which left fairly wide trails behind. Apparently large meteors meet with increased air resistance and so move more slowly. The speed of a meteor also depends upon the direction from which it enters the earth’s atmosphere .that is, whether it is moving through space in the same direction that the earth is, in the opposite direction, or at some intermediate angle. Occasionally, of course, a very large meteor enters the earth’s atmosphere. It is not entirely consumed byits journey through the air and a piece falls to the ground. It is then knowm as a meteorite.

Daily Thought

Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue; neither shalt thou be afraid of destruction when it cometh.—Job 6:21. Give your tongue more holiday than your hands or eyes.—Rabbi Ben-Azai.