Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 82, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 August 1931 — Page 8

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The First Railroad Dies Significant of the changes in the nation's economic life was the official abandonment this month of the first steam railroad built in this country. The railroad was the twenty-three-mile Honesdale branch of the Delaware & Hudson, running between Carbondale and Honesdale Junction, Pa. The line was built in 1828 to transport coal to canal boats for hauling to New York. A shortage in bituminous coal imported from England, giving rise to a market for domestic “stone coal,” as anthracite was then called, furnished impetus for the enterprise. A combination of stationary steam engines to haul cars up the mountain slope, sails to retard their descent, and locomotives from England made up the first equipment. Now, the interstate commerce commission finds, the road has outlived its usefulness. Through coal traffic employs other channels, and so much traffic is moving by motor truck that operation has become an unprofitable burden. The pioneers who built that first crude railroad could have had little idea of the development that was to occur in the century following their venture, which, though it seems puny now, then must have required high courage and imagination. They could not have foreseen the country’s vast network of rails, with their huge and speedy locomotives. Nor the development of the coal industry, and later the displacement of coal by water power, fuel oil, and other substitutes. Nor the development of motor trucks and hard-surfaced roads, which arc proving such a problem for the railroads with their many branch lines whose difficulties are like those of the line that has been abandoned. The story of this first railroad in a way epitomizes the whole story of America’s industrial development. Nothing has been certain but change. Old ways have been displaced by new, in transportation, manufacturing, communication. The rapidity of these changes gave America her wealth and her pre-eminence as a nation. They also gave rise to the problems with which we now are wrestling, and to the necessity for the profound changes that now are in the making. “Destroy Your Crops!” So we have come to the point of desperation where a federal farm board calls upon the 2,000,000 cotton farmers to destroy one-third of their crops in the field? This is a confession of the failure of the administration’s stabilization panacea. It is an abdication of reason and reversal to the primitive to order the destruction of crops needed by the world. • Those who glibly speak of cotton overproduction forget that most of the millions of unemployed in this ind other countries need clothes It is a condition of underconsumption. The rank and file haven’t the money with which to buy cotton goods. Dangerous concentration of wealth in the hands of the few has dried up the mass purchasing power. Until that basic defect in our economic system is corrected, the cotton farmer never will have a large and stabilized market for his product. Even so, as a measure of immediate relief might not the crop destruction tactics recommended by the farm board help some? We doubt it. While a planned economy would regulate production to consumption demands, effective regulation begins before the crop is planted instead of afterward. Hence the cry for reduced acreage. The cotton farmer heeded that cry; he cut acreage 10 per cent. But “acts of God,” in the form of good weather *and fewer boll weevil, increased the yield. To destroy one-third of the crop after it is growing Involves waste of the labor and money plowed into It. And that requires a kind of courage—or perhaps stupidity is the word—which is not common among the farmers. The practical result would be that the minority of farmers who followed the destructive advice would be left holding the bag by the majority who harvested their full crop. Even if the farm board plan were accepted 100 per cent, there is no guarantee that the farmers would profit. If the destruction of one-third of the crop raised prices by one-third, the total income from the total crop would be no greater. Asa matter of fact, the stabilization surplus held by the farm board, no less than the bumper new crop estimates, is a continuing factor in depressing the market. If—in a ragged world—no more intelligent and useful method of disposing of cotton can be found than destroying it, the federal farm board can stand the loss of its surplus better than the farmer. A Naval Engagement The navy properly is subjected to civilian control through the President and congress, for naval men naturally think in terms of war. Questions of national policy, such as armament reduction and the size of the fleet, are not for the navy to determine. It often is necessary for this civil control to restrain the zeal of the professional fighters, whose constant demand is for a bigger and more costly navy. This is as it should be. But the system has its disadvantages, as shown by the visit of the North Atlantic fleet, comprising some forty vessels and 5.000 men, to Montauk Point, Long Island. The visit was made at the request of Representative Britten of Illinois, chairman of the house naval affairs committee. Montauk is a real estate development, has a population of less than 200 and is 160 miles from New York. There was no reason for the fleet to go there except to please Britten, who owns land at the Point, and is a stockholder in the development company. Britten is a “big navy man” and usually takes the side of the admirals. It would be impolitic for any one in the navy to offend a man of Britten’s position and influence. This is the sort of thing the navy, the army, the veterans’ administration, the internal revenue bureau and other branches of the government continually have thrust on them. Congressmen seeking favors, such as the location of army posts, navy yards and hospitals, must be catered to, and decisions frequently are made on this basis rather than on the basis of public good and common sense. Rarely are demands as elaborate as the maneuvering of a fleet —and the visit of the dirigible Los Angeles and the old warship Constitution, which Britten also arranged for the edification of his fellow summer colonists. What the navy really thinks, but doesn’t dare to say, about Britten's performance is shown by the fact that officers and men are sticking close to ship. They

The Indianapolis Times <A SCKIITS-HOU AKU >EWSPAPER> Owned and puMlshed dally (except Sundayt hy The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos West Maryland Street Indianapolis, ind. Price In Marion County. 2 tents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. BOYD GUKLEY. KO v W HOWARD. EARL D. BAKER. * Editor President Business Manager I’HONK— ltlley .V.-'il FRIDAY. AUO. 14. 1831. Member ot United Press. tkrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

resent being used as a sideshow for an alleged real estate promotion scheme. Secretary Adams, in defending Britten, overlooked an excellent opportunity to be completely frank, making such episodes less likely in the future. Not Enough The American Federation of Labor plan for handling unemployment is inadequate. Its long-range proposals do not go far enough. Its emergency relief proposals evade the crux issue by direct federal aid. Here, in brief, is the plan as voted Wednesday at Atlantic City: The five-day six-heur day, standard wage scales, a city-state-federal building program, industrial planning and a national conference of industrial and labor leaders. Asa plan for the future stabilization of industry and labor, this is good as far as it goes. But it will be Inadequate without unemployment Insurance, abolition of child labor, advance public building reserves, armament and foreign debt reduction, tariff reduction to regain foreign markets, credit sanitation to prevent speculation orgies, taxation to restrict overconcentration of wealth, which destroys mass purchasing power, and without much more basic reorganization of the economic system than the A. F. of L. is talking about. As for the present emergency: There is no chance of suddenly shifting the country to a five-day week and six-hour day. Unfortunately, general wage reduction already has occurred. Larger public building programs would not produce many jobs immediately, perhaps not before 1933. One national industrial labor conference has failed to check the depression; there is no prospect that another would do more. Such being the case, why does the A. F. of L. fail to support the statesmen, relief experts and business men who demand direct federal aid for the starving where local relief fails? Take a Salamander The 7,000,000 jobless whom President Green of the A. F. of L. says will be out of work next winter will be relieved to know that the United States government, in spite of all White House rumors, really is concerned with their inner men. The United States health service is out with <ja timely bulletin on “The Food We Should Eat.” The normal man’s daily diet, we’re told, should be about as follows; One quart of milk, two salads, two liberal helpings of the leafy portions of green vegetables, one helping of any meat, two eggs. He may add to this anything within reason that his appetite demands, including a liberal supply of bread, butter, fruit and various vegetables. He is warned, on the one hand, against obesity; on the other, against malnutrition. Which reminds one of 6 the plight of little Dora Copperfield, David’s cbJld-wife, who, when po.tng over her cook-book, the Complete British Housewife, read this instruction in a recipe she seemed anxious to execute: “Take a salamander ...” “But, you donkey,” Dora would say to the cook book, “where do I get a salamander?” Red Vegetables Those terrible Russians are at it again! Not content with their five-year plan for industrialization and their mechanized state farms, they have produced a Russian Luther Burbank who threatens even worse things. This genLeman, one Zolotof, has devised a method for growing tomatoes that weigh as much as three pounds, cabbages weighing from eight to fifty pounds, egg plants a yard and a half long and twenty feet high, and tobacco six or more feet high with 150 leaves to the stem. Zolotof’s method produces cotton in ten or twelve times the normal amount, 120 tons of potatoes from an acre, and so on. At least that is what Agronofski, Zolotof’s assistant, claims. If the Bolsheviks can produce crops like this on the state farms, the rest of the world as well might just say good-bye to its food exporting business. We commend this new Russian challenge to the earnest study of Matthew Woll, Ralph M. Easley, James W. Gerard and other leaders who are fighting the encroachments of Communism. At least If those movie censors Insist on cutting out scenes they think too hot for the public, they ought not to seek sympathy when they develop high blood pressure. Ex-Beer Baron August A. Busch, quotes Hoover as saying in 1918 that there were jobs in beer. Looks like prohibition never got the idea of beer out of the Busches. N s If even your best friends won’t tell you, you might as well eat those onions" and have the game as well as the name.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

I KNEW it. The thing was as sure as death and as inevitable as taxes. The new Mrs. Rudy Vallee is just another little home body. She loves to keep house. No doubt we shall be treated to many a cute picture of her with a cunning little apron topping her S3OO gown, as she is shown whipping up some biscuits or a pie for her darling Rudy. Practically all of the women connected with celebrities, or celebrities themselves, are like that if we but believe the press agents. They dote on domesticity, although few of them practice it for more than three months at a stretch. It is a grand idea to put over on the hoi polloi nonetheless. Nothing so moves the heart of the great public as a view of some cherished male idol being prettily domestic with a dear little woman who looks after his slippers and makes his stomach her sole concern in life, a a a IT is also an excellent method of putting pep in the tired housewife who has not had the discrimination or the opportunity to pick off a crooner for herself. She feels so encouraged and noble when she reads that Mrs. Vallee is good at puddings, or that Bebe Daniels fixes Ben Lyon's breakfast cereal each morning with her own fair hands, or that Marlene Dietrich and Mrs. Astorbilt spend most of their time sighing for a plain kitchen existence. This form of propaganda has been used on the American women since the days of the Mathers. The strange thing is, that, with all their money, these rich and fortunate women who so love to cook don’t get at it. They indulge all their other fancies, but when it comes to housework they take it out in pining. I‘ve noticed that nearly all women who are enthusiastic about domestic work are those who do not have to do it. Cooking is an art that should be more generally practiced. But I’m heartily in favor of permitting those who are fond of it to exercise the privilege, 4

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS-

What's the Matter With Republics ? Is Something Wrong With the Theory or Something Wrong With the People ? NEW YORK, Aug. 14.—“Plough under every third row,” says farm board to cotton growers, "and we’ll hold what we’ve got on hand.” Good idea, based on voluntary co-operation, bubbling over with spirit of self-sacrifice and all that, but do you hear any cheering from cotton patches? Apologists will tell you that cotton growers can’t bear the thought of destroying what cost them so much to produce, which is bunk, no matter how plausible it sounds. What bothers each and every cotton grower is the suspicion that other fellows won't tote fair, and it would bother you and me if we were in his place. u u n Texas to Rescue Governor Murray showed a far better understanding of human nature when he started out to shut down the oil wells. Got the militia ready to mobilize first, and broadcast afterward. It looked as though Governor Murray might have to play a lone and, perhaps, a losing hand, until Governor Sterling of Texas swung into line and the Texas legislature came through with the necessary acts. Just now it looks as though the campaign might succeed. Cooling Thought LET’S talk about Greenland, where a German scientific expedition has discovered ice 9,000 feet thick, and cool off. You wonder how the Geimans made such a measurement, and whether they’re right. They employed the same method which has been tested and found accurate on taking soundings on shipboard. On shipboard, a bell is struck, which sets the water to vibrating in all directions. The vibrations go downward until they strike bottom and then come back to the ship. All that is needed to determine the depth is a recording device which will tell how long it took those vibrations to make the trip. 000 Huge Ice Bowl YOU can’t ring a bell in ice, but you can dig a hole and explode dynamite, or TNT in it. That is what the German scientists did, producing a sort of artificial earthquake and measuring the time it took the resultant vibrations to go down to bedrock and back again. They have proved that Greenland is not only a bowl full of ice, but a heaped-up bowl. The great island is rimmed by mountains from 2,000 to 6,000 feet high, while the ice cap rises to as much as 10,000 in some places. The land inside the mountain rim, however, is only 1,000 or 2,000 feet high. 000 Jingoes Again GREAT islands figured prominently in Wednesday’s news— Greenland, with its enormous ice cap, Cuba, with revolution in full swung, and Japan, where two American aviators are being held on suspicion because they took some photographs while flying over the country which happened to include some fortifications. There are jingoes in Japan, just as there are here, or in every other nation, for that matter. The Japanese jingoes think they have unearthed a deep, dark plot, whereby your Uncle Sam was going to gain some information with regard to forts and guns, when Pangborn and Herndon only w’re taking some snapshots of the scenery. 0 0 0 Freedom and Peace THE situation in Cuba is far more serious rebellion all through the island, with concentrations in forty-nine places and sixty dead thus far. It sounds like old times, when American papers were full of such names as Gomez, Maceo and Garcia, and when “Free Cuba” was one of our dearest ideals. Freedom does not always mean peace, more’s the pity. 0 0 0 What’s the Matter THE most orderly, if not the most contented lands right now are those under dictatorship—ltaly, Russia, Poland, and so on. The greatest field of disorder and discontent outside of Asia is South America, where republicanism is supposed to have been established for more than a century. What’s the matter, anyway? Is something wrong with the theory, or something wrong with the people? We might as well ask ourselves this question in all seriousness, because in spite of all the wealth we have accumulated and all the prosperity we have enjoyed, we are approaching problems which promise to bring it up.

CHINA DECLARES WAR Ang. 14 ON Aug. 14, 1917, China declared war on Germany and Austria. Six months previous, the United States invited China to follow its example in protesting against Germany’s submarine campaign. The Chinese foreign office soon thereafter sent a warning to Germany, and on March 14 broke off diplomatic relations. Premier Tuan Chi-jui wished China to go to war against Germany, but members of the parliament, aroused at rumors of secret agreements between Tuan’s group and Japan, held back. The premier later was ousted. Tuan later resumed the premiership with enhanced prestige and power by leading an army to Peiping, ostensibly to defend the republic. Tuan and his supporters, now being in control of the north, carried through their purpose which had precipitated the crisis, and formally declared war on Germany,

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Metal Cooking Utensils Are ‘Safe’

This is the fifteenth of a series of twenty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Troths and Follies,” dealing with soch much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE knowledge of copper and of manganese is of fairly recent development. There remain many problems of chemical elements in the diet and also in the human body of which little is as yet known, but which unquestionably must have an important part in relationship to human health and welfare. It is known that a small amount of aluminum is present in the body and that aluminum also is received in the tissues through various plant

IT SEEMS TO ME

IT has been pointed out by many people many times that we in America are not a race to face our problems squarely. There is a deviousness about our attitude toward prohibition, the tariff and numerous other public questions. We seem to find a comfort in making only flank attacks. But it is curious that we should deceive ourselves so much about a thing as personal and palpable as the weather. It is true, of course, that hot waves make the front page of the papers, that the prostrations and the degrees of humidity are duly registered. What I mean is that we make so few concessions in our ordinary life to the plain facts of our climate. 000 It’s Not the Heat THE cities of the Atlantic coast are not the warmest in the world. But New York at its best is, at least, a competitor to some of the tropic capitals. Nor can it come as a surprise when the mercury gets up above 90 and remains in that vicinity. Still one can walk the length of Broadway and never see a pith helmet. The campaign in favor of shonfor men has made practically no progress. Even shirtsleeves abash the average New Yorker. One night during the performance of a current musical revue called “Shoot the Works!” the master of ceremonies decided that it would be a good idea to try to make the audience feel as comfortable as possible. To set the pace I took off my own coat and urged all in the house to do the same. The invitation

Questions and Answers

How can a person enter the Army or Navy at Indianapolis? Is there any remuneration to begin with? Can yon choose any special line of work? Call at the recruiting offices in Indianapolis. Army is 408 Federal building. The Navy recruiting office is 41 West Washington street, No. 217. There is a salary to start and you may specify the division you wish to enter. What is the preminm on a silver half dollar dated 1822 and one dated 1831? These coins are worth less than 75 cents. Is it possible in Indiana to tell what county an automobile comes from by the numerals on the license plate? No. although certain groups of numbers are allotted each county, many are purchased at the state-

Daily Thought

When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shait bless the Lord thy God for the good land which he hath given thee.—Deuteronomy 8:10. Our whole life should speak forth our thankfulness; every condition and place we are in should be a witness of our thankfulness.—R. Libbes.

Dog Days

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

and animal substances that are eaten. Notwithstanding this, there exists a definite propaganda opposed to the use of aluminum cooking utensils and opposed to baking powder containing aluminum on the ground that this is a dangerous substance for the human being, and that it is in some way related to the cause of cancer. There is not the slightest scientific evidence to indicate that the amount of aluminum received into the body in this manner is in any way harmful. Indeed, there is plenty of good evidence developed in research laboratories to prove that it is without the slightest danger. The exact function of aluminum in the body is not known. Perhaps it has some function for health as yet not understood.

seemed to find practically every one a little timid. It may be that I was not accepted as one qualified to set a sartorial example. But for whatever reason, the men in the audience clung to their coats and their coats clung to them. 000 We’ll Smother for Tradition BY dint of a passional plea to one very sweltering gentleman in the front row, I managed to gain a convert. And after he broke down and exposed his galluses to the public gaze, some fifty or sixty followed. Once the ice—to coin a phrase—had been broken the men in shirtsleeves seemed a little happier than before. But all required urging. And so it has been almost every evening. Since it is not the usual custom to sit coatless in a New York theater, few are willing to break the tradition even for the sake of coolth. The average New Yorker would prefer to perspire than to be out of line with his fellows. Before another torrid season bursts upon us, it seems to me that it might be an excellent idea to call a great convention and revise the rules. We would do extremely well to follow the example of other peoples who have managed successfully to mitigate the tortures of the sun. 000 There Ought to Bea Law IN South American cities, I am told, the inhabitants remain quite content in blistering weather

house and by mail and the result is no distinction by county is possible. Can a person be sentenced to prison in federal court for transportation or possession of liquor before the Jones law came into effect? What is the limit on a conspiracy charge now or before the Jones law? Yes, for the third offense of transportation. Three years. The Jones law has no effect on the sentence. Does the Indiana law permit a county official to practice law vhile holding a county office? Any office holder can engage in any business as long as it does not conflict with his office. That is, an attorney may practice law and still hold a public post, as long as he does not appear in a suit against the state or any political subdivision thereof. When do the chimes ring at the Scottish Rite cathedral? There is no one playing the carillon bells at this time. Who played in the motion picture, “Sonny Boy?” The cast included Davey Lee, Betty Bronson, Edward Everett Borton, Gertrude Olmstead, Lucy Beaumont, Tommy Dugan, Edmund Breese, Jed Prouty and John T. Murray.

We receive in our diets not only aluminum but the other materials of cooking utensils:**' Copper, iron, tin and nickel are found. Zinc seldom is used for cooking utensils, because it is easily acted on by weak acids and may be absorbed into the body. The use of these metals in cooking utensils can not be harmful to the body, for the simple reason that copper, zinc, manganese, Iron, aluminum and nickel, commonly found in many plants and seafoods, are regularly used in human diets. It is well established that excessive amounts of any of the chemical elements that have been mentioned may be harmful to health. Thus far there is no evidence that any are present in sufficient quantities to influence health adversely in any way.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

by the simple expedient of shutting up shops and business establishments during the heat of the day. Behind screened windows they nap out the boiling point and take to the streets again only when the sun has started to slink away. Such a system would be perfectly feasible in New York. I have wandered into the offices of brokers and into great mercantile houses during the noon hour, and there one will find nothing much astir, except the flap of fans as managers and employes strive to keep as cool as possible. Why not, then, a New York period of siesta? It would not slow the wheels of progress in any appreciable way, and it would serve to show that, after all, we are a people with sufficient common sense to come into the shade when the sun begins’ to blaze. Women are much more sensible in the matter of dress than men. They have achieved a state of emancipation still denied their sweltering partners. And, indeed, they did not come by it overnight. They had to fight for comfortable clothes and bobbed hair as consistently and constantly as they fought for suffrage and the right to have careers. 000 Down With Dissenters! COME might argue that a woman in sheer, sleeveless chiffon is more attractive than a man in shirtsleeves and suspenders. In some cases this may be true. But I’ve seen women who looked cool although far from esthetic in their hot-weather costumes. And the sight of a man sweltering in sartorial dignity is surely less pleasing to the eye than one who presents a picture of coolness and comfort, if not elegance. Brothers, unite! You have noth'ng to lose but your coats!

Going Fishiri? Then you’ll want to lock over Washington Bureau’s newest bulletin, FACTS FOR FISHERMEN. It tells all the things you wish to know about the five great fishing areas of the United States, the varieties of game flesh available in each of them, the license requirements in each state, and how and where to get a license, and general information on Ashing as a sport, with suggestions to the layman on his equipment and the proper be its to use. Any fisherman from the merest novice to the experienced sportsman will find this bulletin of interest and value. Fill cut the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE —— Dept. 141, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, FACTS FOR FISHERMEN,’ and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: • NAME , STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a dally reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

AUG. 14,1931

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ Scientific Methods Help in Detection and Apprehension of Criminals. PUBLICATION of the Wickersham commission report criticises the police of most of the larger cities of America for use of the “third degree" lends particular interest to a book just published by D. Appleton <fc Cos. The book Is “The Scientific Detective and the Expert Witness.” The author is C. Ainsworth Mitchell, who holds the degree of doctor of science from Oxford university. The book is particularly interesting at this time because the alternative to the method of applying the “third degree” with the hopes that it will bring a confession is to apply scientific methods and call upon experts in the hopes of obtaining sufficient evidence to fix the guilt where it belongs. There are twelve chapters in Dr. Mitchell’s book. These deal with “The Sci/ntific Detective and His Weapons." expert evidence, the evidence of identity, finger prints, medical evidence, chemical evidence with particular reference to cases of poisoning, bacteriological evidence, documentary evidence, handwriting experts and art experts. There is a final chapter on “Expert Evidence and History.” 000 Fiction and Fact SINCE the average person gains his notions of the detective business from novels and mystery stories, Dr. Mitchell wisely begins his book with a discussion of the “detective of romance." “The detective of romance frequently achieves the impossible” Dr. Mitchell writes. “Usually he works by methods of intuition, not by the ordinary process of logical deduction, and his triumphs could not be repeated by any one else under the same conditions. “In one ingenious series of stories the author has satisfied the requirements of common sense by making his detective a blind man whose sense of smell and of touch are developed so abnormally that he can discover clews which are imperceptible to the senses of. a normal person, and G. K. Chesterton has endowed his detective, ‘Father Brown,’ with a physical faculty by which he can dissect the mental processes of those associated with a crime, and thus detect the criminal.” Turning from romance to reality, the author, whose home is in London, proceeds to describe European detective methods. “In several of the continental countries, special police laboratories have been established where scientific problems associated with criminal investigation are studied, and names such as those'of Bertillon and Locard have become famous all over the world in connection with criminology. "In this country (England) a different system is in use. Apart from surgical examinations, by police surgeons, attached to the different divisions of the police, and the search for finger prints and their classification, which have been brought to a high state of efficiency in the finger print department at Scotland Yard, other matters which require scientific examination and Interpretation in evidence are dealt with by specialists.” tt tt tt Circumstantial Evidence EVERY fresh scientific discovery has extended the possible applications of circumstantial evidence to be gained from an investigation of the collateral facts associated with a case, Dr. Mitchell claims. ‘Thus photography has proved of value in human identification, although it is far from being infallible, and it constantly is used as a means of recording the exact condition of adjacent objects associated with a case under investigation, and so of checking the statement of eyewitnesses. “Photographic evidence of this kind is sometimes decisive when there is a conflict of testimony as to the facts relating to a motor accident. “The camera also is applied in many other directions for investigation of facts which have an evidential value in criminal and civil cases. “For Instance, in a case which rose out of a claim for 2,000 pounds on the strength of a letter in which the receipt of that sum was acknowledged, photography proved conclusively that the claim was fraudulent. “An enlarged photograph showed distinct evidence that the original amount had been 200 pounds and that the final “0” had been inserted in an exceptionally wide space between the written characters. “Another application of photography in documentary evidence is its use for demonstrating which of two interesting lines is upermost, and therefore the most recent. “A scientific instrument, the use of which has extended even more than the camera, is the microscope.” Batter takes two strikes batting right handed, then switches to the opposite side of the plate for his final strike. Is this legal? The batter can change positions providing he changes before the pitcher starts his wind-up.