Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 80, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 August 1931 — Page 6

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Legalized Larceny Os course the police judge who ruled that betting on baseball pools is not gambling was right. It is just plain, unadulterated larency of the pennies of the poor. Unfortunately that decision turns loose these foul birds of prey upon the most defenseless portion of our population. In times when desperation drives many to take “chances” of winning a few dollars in these so-called lotteries, the decision is as vicious as it is contrary to common sense. It probablS r would be found contrary to sound law in other courts farther removed from police court atmosphere. Those who buy these tickets believe that they are gambling. The men who sell them know that they are not, because there is no element of chance involved. Those who buy have no chance at all to win. For the most part the backers of these so-called pools take the money of the victims and give little or nothing in return. When “honest,” they keep at least three-fifths of all the proceeds of the ticket sale. Among the more larcenous, the percentage grows less. Now the judge, listening to the legal plea of a lawyer who most often is found upon his bench iu his absence, sets free those caught by the police. And in other days the police showed little interest in catching them. The result will be that larceny is legalized and that many hundreds of dupes each day will take their difficult dimes to these vultures in the hope of getting a little money. It means that the forces which must care for the needy and the unemployed must find more dollars for charity. It means that the office of the township trustee will be compelled to find much more money for the hungry. It means that law becomes a farce when greed becomes arrogant enough to obtain fine-haired discriminations in legal decisions and receives letters of marque to continue its piracy upon the poor. The only hope is that the police will not be discouraged, but will continue the raids and the trials until a different legal determination is reached and some way is discovered to control legally the boldest of larcenies. Every legitimate business in the city must suffer if this decision is not overthrown by one that recognizes theft in whatever form it may appear. Emergency Funds Under a rather preposterous bit of legal logic, the attorney general of the state has opened the way for payment of $64,000 for “cleaning” the statehouse. True, local firms which were refused an opportunity to bid declare that this is at least $30,000 more than would give them a reasonable profit. That much, they say, is waste. Ironically, the payment is to be made from the "emergency” fund of the Governor, a fund which the Governor calls “his” money to do with as he pleases. Just what emergency existed that was not present when the legislature was in session three or four months ago may be obscure \to the ordinary citizen looking for economies in tax spending. The Governor’s janitor and the offices of two Democratic state officials which gave approval, may know just what that emergency was. Perhaps it had to be done in the manner under which the contract was let in order to keep Indiana firms from putting Indiana citizens on the job. The incident may prove worth while if it warns the people who pay of the necessity of carefully scrutinizing candidates for all offices and accept no party labels as proof of anything. The next legislature would do well to abolish all so-called emergency funds in the hands of any official and retain control of the purse strings, as was intended by the Constitution. The Cuban Revolt Whatever we do in regard to the Cuban revolution will be wrong. That is because the treaty responsibilities of the United States to Cuba are contradictory. Under the Platt amendment we agreed to guarantee Cuba against foreign aggression and also to preserve the liberties of the Cuban people. The first is easy, the second impossible. The only way to protect Cullkns from the tyranny of local dictators is to set up an American military dictatorship, which in itself is a violation of the Cubans’ right to self government. In announcing that it has no present intention of intervening with troops, the state department is acting wisely. But it should not stop there. It should withdraw its diplomatic support from the terrorist regime of President Machado. This action should have been taken long ago. Machado’s survival has depended for a long time on the financial aid of Wall street and the active help of the state department. No Cuban government can survive long without Washington’s approval. Why the Hoover administration has continued to give aid and comfort to one of the most ruthless and savage dictatorships of modern times is one of the mysteries that only a congressional investigation could solve. Whatever the answer, the time has come for the state department to make clear to the Cuban people that they can set up a government, of their own choosing without military or diplomatic interference from us. Second, the state department should announce—in line with the Platt amendment and the CubanAmerican treaty—that it will give diplomatic recognition to no government, regardless of political party or Wall street agreement, which fails to observe the constitutional rights of the Cuban people. Unfortunately, the leader of the present revolt, ex-President Menocal, has a record almost as bad as that of Machado. Nothing in his record or in his latest revolutionary proclamation indicates that he 1 Sk l *

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIFPS-nOWARD >EWbPAJ’ER> Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos 214*220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County 2 centa a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. BOV W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor I resident Business Manager PHONK—Riley ASM WEDNESDAY, AUG, 12. 1931. Member of United Press. Bcrtppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

represents the interests of the Cuban people who have been so cruelly exploited by local politicians and American capitalists. Menocal seems merely to be taking advantage of the popular reaction against Machado terrorism and the sugar depression. But if we keep hands off completely, the Cubans will have a chance to get rid of the Machados and also the Mcnocals. The Cuban people have the same rights of revolution which the American people once exercised in overthrowing tyrants. Guilty Silence With due applause for its courage in exposing manifold evils in law enforcement, the Wickersham commission’s silence on the outstanding example of legal lawlessness—the Mooney-Billings case—can not be justified. The commission’s argument that it did its duty in another report, by calling attention to California’s unjust law preventing new trials, is evasive. The argument that it is not empowered to review state cases is specious. The argument that because a pardon plea is pending it would be “improper” to comment is a subterfuge. The California law is bad, and in saying sc- the Wickersham commission discharged its obligations in its report on criminal procedure. But that did not absolve it from comment upon the lawlessness of the Mooney-Billings prosecutions in its legal'lawlessness report—particularly when its own experts had prepared a 500-page account covering just these points in the California case. No one asked the Wickersham commission to reexamine witnesses or retry Mooney and Billings. It was asked to include, with several score of other open citations, the examples of “third degree,” perjury and other unfair practices that infested the Mooney-Billings trials from beginning to end. By citing the case of the sick Denver woman, Mrs. O Laughlin, victim of the third degree, and many similar cases in many different states, without mentioning what happened to Mrs. Mooney, Tom Mooney, Billings, Nolan and Weinberg, the Wickersham commission proved the hypocrisy of its silence on the nation’s test case of legal lawlessness. President Wilson in 1918 sent a special commission to California to report on the conduct of these trials. Far from considering it an “impropriety” to intervene, President Wilson asked the Governor to save Mooney from the noose. The Wilson commission’s report rang with indignation at what it found in California. “The feeling of disquietude aroused by the (Mooney) case must be heeded,” said this commission. “For, if unchecked, it impairs the faith that our democracy protects the lowliest and even the unworthy against false accusations.” The fact is not changed by Hoover’s silence and the Wickersham commission’s evasion. Professor Miller Vindicated There was surprise last spring when the trustees of Ohio State university gave as one reason for the dismissal of Herbert A. Miller, professor of sociology, the fact that he had made a speech in Bombay, India, which “incited the Hindus to civil disobedience.” Now comes the report of the investigating committee of the American Association of University Professors that Miller’s remarks were harmless and a legitimate expression of opinion. The committee was unable to find evidence of complaint at Professor Miller's alleged radicalism on social and racial matters. His discharge rather was described as the result of “personal animus” of one or two members of the board. Moreover, the Miller incident was a grave violation of “every essential safeguard” in preserving free speech, and “directly opposed to sound public policy, to good educational practice and to long-established university ideals.” The investigating committee’s report will not restore Professor Miller to his post, as 153 members of the university’s faculty have demanded. But in the future the trustees of Ohio State and other universities may be a little more hesitant about disciplining educators who have the temerity to have opinions of their ownIt has just been declared illegal to ride a bicycle while intoxicated in the city of St. Paul. The city should now pass a blanket ordinance making any form of suicide a felony. George M. Cohan has written a song about George Washington. Well, that’s about the only thing that hadn’t been written about him. Rome is bothered with grasshoppers, too, we hear. Mussolini should speak to them.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

MISERY loves company, they say. So does the farmer. And today he has plenty. Not long since, when the price of everything except farm produce was sky high, it was interesting to listen to the dissertations of certain city men about the farmer and his problems. It was said that he did not sufficiently appreciate the great American liberties he enjoyed: that he was a rebel and too prone to complaints. He was urged to conserve, to lessen his acreage, to raise more pigs, to work longer hours. It was nothing unusual to hear a group of "Big Conference Men” decry the use of the automobile by the farmer. “He stays in town too much,” they said. "He spends too much money on picture shows and other frivolous pastimes. Let him get down to good honest labor and everything will be fine again.” Indeed, of all the gifts that the American farmer has enjoyed in the past, the advice of city guys has been the most generous. They would admit unctiously that he was the backbone of the nation, but as a general thing you know backbones just give service and no bother at all. Any wails from the soil were hotly resented, and as heatedly protested. tt a tt TODAY, however, with all prices at anew low levei, a good many men are beginning to understand the farmer much better. Oil men, for instance, are in the same uncomfortable position as the son of the soil, and for the first time are suffering like him from overproduction and low prices. And they are raising their voices in the same sort of S. O. S. calls that were once heard only from the hill-billy regions. They, too, are engaged in the business of feeling sorry for themselves. Manufacturers, producers of all sorts of commodities, find themselves in the farmer’s predicament. They dare not cease operations altogether. They can merely go on, as the agriculturist has done for so long, producing at a loss. It is to be hoped that this general business slump will teach us a lesson we never should have forgotten. There can be no actual prosperity unless it is shared by the farmer. All other kinds are inflated, false and, in the end, disastrous.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

We Americans Face a Great Emergency, but We Have Not Concentrated on It, Much Less Fonnulated Plans for Meeting It. NEW YORK, Aug. 12.—New York faces the prospect of a special session of the legislature, called by a Democratic Governor to help a Republican committee investigate a Democratic city administration. If it sounds complicated, it also sounds nonpartisan. Just the same, there is room for dynamite in it. With 1932 just around the corner, you can’t ignore the element of practical politics. tt n tt A Breathing Space TfiANKS to the Hoover moratorium and last Sunday’s plebiscite, Germany was able to celebrate her twelfth birthday as a republic with comparative enthusiasm. It’s only a breathing space, however, not for Germany alone, but for all Europe. The plot of debt which was hatched at Versailles is grinding to a conclusion. tt tt tt World Bewildered IF anything, the world faces a more difficult problem today than it did in 1914. Though mistaken, the world knew exactly what it wanted then, but now it is hopelessly bewildered. The so-called victory has not turned out as expected in any one particular. Asa whole, humanity lacks peace and prosperity. Outside of Russia, France and Italjf, not one great government has a well-organized program. a a tt Plans and Leaders YOU hear people wonder how Mussolini can hold on, or why Bolshevism hadn’t gone to smash. It’s because they have a plan, a well thought-out scheme of operation. Given that, any people can forge ahead, no matter how poor, or handicapped. Without it, progress is impossible, no matter how great the resources, or apparent the opportunities. Leadership, which means organized, directed effort, always has spelled the difference between success and failure, and always will. tt tt u America's Emergency LIKE the rest of the world, we Americans face a great emergency, but we haven’t even gone far enough to concentrate on it, much less formulate plans for meeting it. By and large, our thought is that we must cling to certain traditional policies and methods, regardless of what happens. Those policies and methods were not designed to meet emergencies, as is proved every time we wage war. u u tt Courage Lacking WE can’t do things as usual and get out of this mess, any more than a man with typhoid fever can play golf, or put his feet under the table three times a day. We’re sick and we’ve got to do certain things to get well. Necessarily, some of those things will be different, which does not mean that they will be permanent. We are plagued with fear—fear of abandoning old precedents on the one hand, and setting up new ones on the other. tt tt tt Mobilization Needed FOR a year and more, we have tried to evade the issue by telling ourselves that nothing much is the matter and that before long everything will right itself and we can begin where we left off in 1929. That’s a cheap alibi, and it won’t work. We are up against problems which call for an immediate mobilization of the country’s resources and intelligence. tt tt tt How About Congress Governor roosevelt does not hesitate to call a special session of the New York legislature, though it is controlled by the opposition party and though it will be devoted to helping an investigation which may hurt members of his own party. He is willing to risk that much for the sake of decent government, and he is to be commended for it. But if the situation in New York City warrants a special session of the state legislature, doesn’t the situation throughout this country warrant a special session of congress?

HiqOA/'lß'THk'-

FIXING COAL PRICES

Aug. 12

ON Aug. 12, 1917, the United States government fixed /the price of anthracite coal at $5.85 to $6.05 a ton f. o. b., Jersey City. The price of bituminous coal was fixed at $2 a ton at the mines in Pennsylvania. Coal prices thus fixed by the government were contested by the mine operators and a diminution of output followed, with some disorganization of the industry. Ou Aug. 23 President Wilson signed an executive order appointing Dr, Harry A. Garfield, president of Williams college, fuel administrator. This was done under the authority conferred upon the President by the act of Aug. 10, which provided for the control of the distribution of food products and fuel. Garfield’s duty was to regulate retail trade in both bituminous and anthracite coal with authority to use drastic means to protect consumers from exploitation. One of Garfield’s most important moves was to issue an order on Oct. 1 stopping temporarily the shipment of coal into Canada from the lake ports. In this way, it was hoped to divert a large quantity to the northwest, where the need for immediate supplies was being felt acutely.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Iron Is Essential to Proper Dieting

* This is the thirteenth of a scries of twenty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on ‘Food Truths and Follies,” dealing- with such much discussed hut little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgcia. the Health Magazine. THE interesting part of the association of calcium with phosphorus is the fact that fourfifths of all of the calcium in the body is associated closely with phosphorus. Mother’s milk contains a very small amount of this substance, as does also egg white and wheat germ, but the amount that they contain is not insufficient, because the amount needed by the body is not evidently great. Phosphorus enters into the development not only of bones and teeth, but also tissue of the nervous system. The old notion that fish is a brain

IT SEEMS TO ME

T7TETUE, good health, efficiency ’ and all the other subjects which are served up in the numberless thick volumes with a purpose seldom seem desirable when the propagandist has finished his say about them. For instance, I began the day with a firm determination never to smoke again and then I happened to pick up an old book called “Efficiency Through Concentration,” by B. Johnston. Since reading it I lighted the new cigaret from the dying embers of

People’s Voice

Editor Times—The “depression” is still with us. Most every one admits it, but very few have a remedy. Samuel Crowther, a writer on business and economic conditions, well and favorably known to most readers, has an interesting article in a late issue of the leading weekly magazine entitled “Liquidating Depressions.’ ’ Crowther in substance says: “Depressions do not stop themselves—they must be stopped. The best way to stop a depression is to choke it to death with money.” This can be done, he says, if the Federal Reserve bank can be prevailed upon to change its policy of hoarding gold and keeping such a tight rein on the borrowings of country hanks. Many rural communities are trading wheat for farm machinery ‘and building material. Other communities are trading cotton for chewing gum—confirming Crowther’s theory that money is not available to carry on ordinary business transactions. SMALL TOWN CITIZEN.

Questions and Answers

What was the electoral vote and the popular vote for Hoover and Smith in the 1928 presidential elections? Hoover received 21,392,190 pouplar votes and 444 electoral votes. Smith received 15,016,443 popular votes and 87 electoral votes. How much did it cost to produce the motion picture, "Hell’s Angels?” It is said to have been the most expensive photoplay ever made, and cost approximately $4,000,000. How did Sing Sing prison in New York get its name? It was named for the Sing Sing creek in Chemung county, New York. The origin of the name is not certain. Some authorities hold that it is an Indian term meaning “place of a stone.” Others claim it was named for John Sing Sing, a friendly Indian. Where is the city of Tellichcrry? It is a seaport in British India, in the Malabar district of Madras, on the Madras railway, between Cannanore and the French settlement of Mahe. Who was the French ambassador to the United States in 1918 and who holds the post now? Jean Jules Jesserand was ambassador in 1918 and Paul Claudel is the incumbent.

The Breeding Place

food was based on the fact that the tissue of the fish contains phosphorus as does the human brain. The great naturalist Agassiz therefore decided that we ought to eat more fish in order to provide more material for building brains. Fortunately, phosphorus is present in so many foods that one need not overeat fish or any other food to get what he needs. Iron is one mineral which occurs in the body in relatively small amounts, but is nevertheless highly important to body health. The average man needs about one-fourth of a gram of this substance a day to keep the body supplied fully. .One-fourth of a gram is about one-eighteen hundredth of an ounce. That is not a great deal of iron. One could almost get the amount he needed by sucking a rusty nail. Nevertheless, manufacturers and promoters of various foods have exploited iron because scientific

the old. The passage which enraged me most occurs in a chapter called “Personal Habit,” in which the author writes: “If you are a gentleman, always ask a lady’s permission before smoking, and if you find that her statement that it is disagreeable to her is a disappointment to you and that observance of her wishes causes you real discomfort, then you may know that the time has come to give up the habit entirely.” tt tt tt To the Ladies TO be sure, Mr. Johnston does not specify whether "the habit” refers to smoking or to the lady, but later it is made clear that he seriously suggests that a smoker should change his whole mode of life to suit the whim of a “lady” who is otherwise not identified in the book. Nor later was I much moved to strength of will against nicotine by the author’s advice, “If self-con-quest seems difficult brace yourself up with the reminder that as heir of the ages you sum up in yourself all the powers of self-restraint bequeathed by' your innumerable ancestors.” To me that makes but slight appeal. After all, the ancestors most celebrated for self-restraint were those that didn’t have any descendants. * tt a Sniffing at Health ANOTHER old-timer is a health book by Thomas R Gaines which promised "a sound and certain way to health, a cure for fatigue, a preventive for disease and one of the most potent allies in the battle of life against old age.” The book is called ‘Vitalic Breathing” and the introductory note went on to say that the system suggested was easy to practice and cost nothing. Only when I came to facts did the new guide to health fail me, for then I read: "Vitalic breathing means inhaling in sniffs and forcibly exhaling.” No actor could afford to follow such a system. He would be hurled from the stage on the suspicion that he was hissing his own show. Vance Thompson’s advice in ’’Live and Be Young” is no easier. “The best is none too good for you,” he writes graciously and continues: “Whether it is the country or the village or the city, the men and women you want to know are the best —those who are geting the best out of life, those who have beautiful homes and social influence, those who play games and make an art of pleasant things—in a word, those who are smart. . . . Rich people are, nine times out of ten, pleasanter, kindlier, better bred and less selfish than poor folk.” No, after mature deliberation I think I would rather try the sniffling and forcibly exhaling method. I would even prefer to concentrate and give up tobacco. Addition never was one of my strong points and Thompson’s advice is not for me. I would have a terrible time in finding out whether they really were rich enough to be of any use to my arteries. tt a tt How Much? IT MIGHT be easy to ask nonchalantly, “How much income tax did you pay this year?” But after

knowledge showed its necessity. The chief campaign for the promotion of iron was the famous raisin campaign or eat more iron campaign. It is true that raisins are relatively rich in iron, but they also contains considerable amounts of seeds, pulp, peel and stems, making up what is commonly called indigestible residue. People who ate several small packages of raisins each day succeeded in supplying themselves not only with iron, but also with large amounts of irritating indigestible material. If they had only known that all of the iron they could possibly need was to be found to much better advantage in liver, in muscle meats, in wheat germ, in celery, in dried fruits and nuts, in salt water fish and in the dark meat of poultry, they would not have needed to abuse their stomachs by an overdose of indigestible materials.

HEYWOOD BY BKOUN

obtaining that you have to find out whether your potentially rich man is living with his wife and whether he has any children or bad debt* or Liberty Bonds of that issue which is tax exempt. Then you must calculate the first few thousands on the basis of 4 per cent and on up. It couldn’t be done in your head, and I doubt that it would be polite to ask your host for paper and pencil. But maybe I haven’t been quite fair to Mr. Thompson. Early in the book, on a page I inadvertently had skipped, an easy method is suggested for ascertaining whether your friends are actually rich and smart. Speaking of such words as “climbers” and “snobs,” Mr. Thompson writes: These epithets are always ready to the hand of the slack-giving, uncouth man, who is more comfortable in bad society than he is in good society, and he loves to throw them about. You know that man? He stands out in the commonness and indecency of the street as you go up to knock at the door of a smart house and shouts, ‘Snob!’” Os course, I would like it fine, but truthfulness compels me to admit that I never met him. Whether I like it or not, I shall have to continue to seek health in good works and deep breathing. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

Daily Thought

Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his Lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. —St. John 13:16. All men by nature are equal, made all of the same earth by one Workman; and however we deceive ourselves, as dear unto God is the poor peasant as the mighty prince.—Plato.

Going Fishin ’? Then you’ll want to look over Washington Bureau’s newest bulletin, FACTS FOR FISHERMEN. , It tells all the things you wish to know about the five great fishing areas of the United States, the varieties of game flesh available in each of them, the license requirements in each state, and how and where to get a license, and general information on fishing as a sport, with suggestions to the layman on his equipment and the proper baits to use. Any fisherman from the merest novice to the experienced sportsman will find this bulletin of interest and value. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE 1 Dept. 141, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, N. W., Washington, D. O. I want a’copy of the bulletin, FACTS FOR FISHERMEN,’ and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a daily reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without reran! to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

:AUG. 12,1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Here's a “ Who's Who ” of Those Perplexing Vitamins. A Normal, Varied Diet Will Supply Them All. VITAMINS A and B possess an action somewhat similar to radium, giving off radiations which register on photographic plates in the same way that X-rays or radium rays do, according to reports from London and Paris. The new experiments were performed by two women scientists, Sophie Botcharsky of London and Anna Fceringer of Paris. They report the result of their experiments in Nature, the official journal of the British world of science. % If further experiments verify their results, it would seem that they would go a long ways to establish a theory advanced some years ago by Dr. E. V. McCollum of Johns Hopkins university, one of the pioneers in the field of vitamins and one of the discoverers of vitamin A. The work on vitamins has shown that a variety of serious diseases may result even when a diet possesses a sufficient amount of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, if one or another of the vitamins is absent. Dr. McCollum suggested that the important thing about a vitamin might not be its chemical composition, but the fact that it possessed an excess store of energy. He pointed out that the digestive process involved many chemical reactions which could not be reproduced in the chemical laboratory without the aid of high temperature or other energy soures. The vitamins by supplying energy would make these reactions possible in the course of digestion. tt n u Rapid Discovery IF vitamins possess excess energy, it seems likely that they would give it off in the form of radiation. Consquently it looks as though the recent European experiments support McCollum’s suggestion. So rapid has been the discovery and naming of vitamins that the average reader perhaps has lost track of all of them and has only a confused notion of the various ones. Indeed, their discovery has been so rapid that scientists have not yet been able to analyze them adequately. It may turn out that all vitamins are not alike and that it would be better to use different names for different ones since their compositions or behaviors may be entirely different. Perhaps a brief summary of the known vitamins, their composition and function would be in order at this time. Scientists now recognize the existence of vitamins A, B, C, D, E and G. That, it will be noticed, is a total of six. The absence of a vitamin F also will be noticed. Scientists have decided to drop the designation F because it was originally used in two or three different instances and it is felt today that any attempt to use it would merely lead to confusion. Vitamin A, the oldest-known vitamin, was discovered Independently in 1913 by McCollum and Davis, working at the University of Wisconsin, and Osborne and Mendel, working at Yale. Lack of vitamin A in the diet leads to ’a general weakening of the body and an increase in susceptibility to disease. tt tt tt In Normal Diet VITAMIN B, discovered by Eijkmann and Hopkins, is required only in very small quantities. It Is present in the normal diet and requires no special concern under ordinary circumstances. Its absence leads to a nerve disease known as beriberi, at one, time very common in the Orient. Vitamin B has been isolated as a crystaline salt with a nitrogenous base. Vitamin C is known as the antiscorbutic vitamin because its absence causes scurvy. Recent experiments have led many authorities to believe that vitamin C plays an important role in the normal growth of children. Vitamin D is the one which prevents rickets. It has the same action upon the individual that adequate sunshine or ultra-violet radiation has. Cod liver oil derives its importance from the fact that it is rich in both vitamins A and D. Vitamin E, when first discovered, was called vitamin X. It is known as the anti-sterility vitamin. Recent experiments, however, have shown that vitamin A is fully as important as E in this regard. The normal diet contains sufficient vitamin E. Vitamin G is necessary for normal growth. So much for the vitamins. Now many people wonder whether they are getting enough of them. Most authorities agree that a diet which is normal and high in variety, containing fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, butter and milk, will supply the normal person with his full quota of vitamins. The ideal meal, Dr. McCollum once said, was the French table d’hote dinner because of its great variety. Where is the Lebanese republic and when was the Republican form of government adopted there? It is in Syria, and was proclaimed a republican state on Sept. 1, 1920.