Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 79, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 August 1931 — Page 6

PAGE 6

tCH I p P J - H OW AMO

Grasshopper Plagues The current grasshopper invasion of the west is no new experience. The western pioneer frequently was compelled to war against this Insect, along with bears, cougars, coyotes, redskins, and loan-shark bankers. The great plague years were 1856, 1867, and 1874. In each case, of course, the hoppers remained a pest for more than one year. In the plague of 1874 they pestered some sections for three years. In 1856 the western plains between the Mississippi and the Rocky mountains were settled so sparsely that the damage done was relatively slight, but the invasions of 1867 and 1874 were real calamities. Descriptions of the early plagues are often dramatic and impressive. A prominent lowa citizen of the day, Cyrus Clay Carpenter, thus describes the onset of the grasshoppers during the plague of 1867: “First appearance of these pests was on Sept. 8, 1367, when, about noon, the air was discovered to be filled with grasshoppers, coming from the west, settling down about as fast as the flakes of an ordinary snowstorm; in fact, it appeared like a. snowstorm when the larger flakes of snow fall perpendicularly, there being no wind.” They utterly destroyed standing grain, and even ate the bark from trees and shrubs. One writer said of their depredations: “Nothing could look more disheartening than a wheat field with the bare stalks standing, stripped of every leaf, and even the heads utterly destroyed.” We have the most reputable testimony that the grasshoppers frequently stopped trains on heavy grades. Attracted by the heat, they would gather on the rails in great masses on sunny afternoons. As they were crushed under the wheels, they greased the rails and destroyed all friction between the rails and the engine wheels. The following is a well-verified description of an experience of a Chicago & Northwestern train: “The grade was pretty stiff and our train actually came to a standstill on the rails, greased by the crushed bodies of the insects. This occurred more than once, requiring the engineer to back up for a distance and then make a rush for the summit, sanding the tracks liberally as he did.” When told to friends back east these stories were derided as incredible, or passed off as typical products of the frontier penchant for exaggeration and majestic falsehood. Though the hogs and poultry fattened on the hoppers, the economic effect of these early invasions was devastating. About a quarter of the farm owners sold their farms for anything they could get and left to join relatives in the east, or went west to take up a life of adventure in mining. Asa writer of the time says: “The effect upon individuals and the country was depressing. Land depreciated about one-half, and people were much discouraged. It was difficult to collect debts. Business of all kinds suffered.” The farmers plowed and replowed, trying to kill the grasshopper eggs. Observers tell that such plowed land often looked as though it had been sowed with rice. Some tried to wipe out the pests by using the so-called “hopper-dozers” a board to which were fastened cups of kerosene. As soon as the hoppers fell into the kerosene, they were done for. But nothing was of any great avail until the hoppers decided to move on. The Law on Trial In four recent Wickersham commission reports, unbiased investigators have revealed the “law” in a role sometimes as lawless, as brutal and as inhuman as it was in those dark decades of the Middle Ages. The Vollmer report assailed the type of lazy, hard-boiled, illiterate “cop.” too common in the average American city, and called for more of the type of educated police officer. The Tannenbaum report pictured American prisons with their dungeons, whipping posts and other barbarities. The Oppenheimer report showed the branch of our federal government that should be most humane, the labor department, violating almost every natural and legal right of aliens and United States citizens in enforcing the deportation law. Now, by way of climax, the Chafee-Stem-Pollak report on legal lawlessness turns the light upon the revolting practice of the third degree by American city police, unfair prosecutions by district attorneys and widespread lawlessness in law enforcement throughout our land. In this we learn that a Mrs. O’Laughlin, Denver murder suspect, “was taken from a sick bed to the police department on Saturday at midnight, kept awake, starved, grilled from 2 a. m. Sunday until Thursday night, virtually without intermission,’’ and “under unspeakably filthy conditions.” We learn of a prisoner in Miami being chained to a floor infested with mosquitoes until he confessed; of Texas Negroes flogged with cat-o-nine-tails; of New York prisoners beaten by police wearing boxing gloves to protect their lists; of an Oakland (Cal.) woman grilled continuously for two weeks; of an Arkansas Negro who confessed to murder after having been whipped for six days. We learn that police choke suspects with neckties, pour water through their noses, beat them with rubber hose, keep them awake for days, terrorize them, subject them to unprintable abuses. We learn that the third degree is common in ten of fifteen cities studied at close hand by the commission's investigator, Ernest Hopkins. We learn that other illegal and unfair practices are common to prosecutions—denial of counsel, mistreatment of witnesses, intimidation, improper jury lists, scores of other denials of rights held fundamental by the Anglo-Saxon race since Runnymede in 1215. . These violations are not isolated examples, "but manifestations of habitual and routine practices.” They are not decreasing. “Physical brutality, illegal detention and refusal to allow counsel are common.” To win the war against crime, America first must stamp out the brutes and crooks who wear the uniform of law and the robes of court. No one desires this reform more than do honest and efficient police, prosecutors and judges. Temperature: 120 Degrees Threat of troops and machine guns is the reply of federal officials at Hoover dam to 1,400 American citizens who are striking for a meager wage and safety conditions on one of the hottest and most hazardous construction jobs ever attempted in this country. For an administration that prides itself on efforts to solve the unemployment problem, and that claims to be interested in protecting high wages as the only road to prosperity, this situation is not a demonstration of sincerity. To be sure, the federal government is not the employer of these strikers, when the progressives forced the legislation of the great Boulder proj-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCR I PI'S-HO WARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and poblUbed daily 'except Sunday) by The Indiaoapolig Ttmea Publishing 214-220 Wcat Maryland Htrect. Indlanapolla. Ind. Pr.ce in Marion County 2* cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY HO* VV. HOWARD. FRANK O. MORRISON Editor rresident Business Manager PHONK—Riley SMI TUESDAY, AUG. 11. 1931, Member of United Press, Scripps-Uoward Ncwgpaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau or Circulation*. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ect—since christened Hoover dam without congressional autnorization—the administration threw the construction job to anti-labor private companies Instead of leaving it to the experienced and expert federal reclamation service. But that has not relieved the administration of responsibility for fair working conditions. At the best the Hoover dam will be cemented by the bleed of many workers. At best many will die, as some already have died, in the tunnel and on the rocks below the precipice. At best many will die. as some already have died, of the heat, which has ranged in the last three months from a daily average of 98 to 120 degrees. For this dangerous work the men ask a minimum wage of only $5 a day. adequate drinking water and primary sanitary and safety conditions. It is a disgrace that workers risking their lives should have to beg for such rights. It is a worse disgrace that the federal government has not intervened to protect the workers. Surely Hoover does not want his name forever given to a dam whose unnamed builders were killed or broken needlessly. Perhaps the President has been too busy with other affairs to know about conditions at Hoover dam. Now that he knows, doubtless he will act. Germany Is Patient, But— Patience has triumphed again in Germany, for the moment. In the plebiscite for overthrow of the Prussian state diet, the reactionary alliance of Junkers and Fascists failed. They polled only little more than one-third of the electorate. Most of the reasonable voters simply boycotted the militaristic plebiscite. It would be a mistake, however, for friends of peace and justice to lean too heavily on this German patience. After all, there is not one chance in a hundred that Germany can stand for another year the mounting strain of the last two months. Virtually every expert foreign observer in Germany —newspaper correspondents, bankers and diplomats agrees that she is close to the breaking point. Failure of the Fascist plebiscite attempt to overthrow the republican government indicates that the German people are unwilling to close the door on international co-operation as long as the Bruening negotiations with the powers continue. But it does not mean that Germany will remain patient if Bruening fails. If France and the other powers will not co-oper-ate with the Bruening government to prevent chaos and revolution, the German people will have a right to conclude that France and others are maneuvering for the destruction of Germany. Driven into such a corner, the law of self-pre:;ervation may convert Germany into a dangerous and dirty mood. France and the allied powers are chiefly responsible for present German bankruptcy and misery. And they will be chiefly responsible for any German revolution or European war which results from those unbearable conditions. The Hoover moratorium came too late to do much good, and the little It might have achieved was destroyed by French bickering and delay. Failure of the French-German negotiations in Paris was followed by the futile whitewash conference of the seven powers in London. Since then nothing has been accomplished. Collapse of the German financial and industrial system can be prevented temporarily only by long term loans, and perhaps not even by such loans. Refusal of the powers to extend long term loans is hard to explain, if the powers are really sincere in desiring to preserve peace. Long term loans would give a brief respite; nothing more. But if that breathing period were used for drastio reduction or cancellation of war debts and reparations, for battering down of tariff walls, for calling off the armament race, and otherwise giving the German republic an equal chance for life, revolution and war might be prevented. With Secretary of State Stimson in Europe, President Hoover should have all the facts on this international crisis. If the United States—strongest and safest of all nations —can not supply peace leadership now, probably no other nation will. Three burglars were caught in a Chicago apartment recently when one of them made a noise. Too many crooks can also spoil the broth. A serum has been invented that will make a person feel bold and courageous. A “big shot,” as it were. “Take a tip from me,” as John D. would say handing out a dime. In the understanding of gang land, it is a ride that goeth before a fall. Pride goeth before A. Fall.

Just Every Day Sense BY fires. WALTER FERGUSON

THE late D. H. Lawrence, a profound thinker about the sexes, advocated a return to matriarchy. Contrary to the general masculine attitude, he held that only thus will man ever regain his lost freedom and. save his personality from the ever-invading hordes of silk-stockinged females who now surround, possess and regulate him. Matriarchy, he reminds us, means mother rule. The mother is the head of the family; the children inherit her race and all property is bequeathed from mother to daughter. It seems, however, that matriarchy never has saved women from the drudgery of life. Like all other forms of government, it leaves her to perform most of the hard work. The men Indulge in all the lively and thrilling sports, such a hunting and fighting,' and stock selling, while the mothers look after the houses and kids. Mr. Lawrence goes so far as to say that matriarchy is the only solution of our social problem. If tried, it would free the men from the “horrible bonds of the family which now strangle them.” a a a IT seems that in a matriarchy marriage is a secondary consideration with a man, even more so than in a republic. His first duty is to the tribe. His real life is not spent in his own house, but at the general meeting place, the residence of the males where all the religious and tribal rites are performed and from which women are usually excluded. A gorgeous masculine club, it must have been, and very to nagged husbands. Moreover, when a boy has reached the age of 13 he is taken from his mother and given in charge of the old men who initiate him into all forms of masculine prowess. . - * Thus, If the men knew their onions, they would whoop it up for matriarchy. By giving woman full independence and its corresponding responsibilities, they could satisfy her and regain their lost freedom. There might be something in this. Will all the henpecked gentlemen please rise and vote “aye” on the measure? Freedom or property? Which sha.ii it be?

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy S A YS:

; What Does the ‘Third Degree' Amount to, Compared to | Murder, Theft, Gang Rule, Raaketeering, Drug Smuggling? NEW YORK, Aug. 11.—As an isolated proposition, you can’t j quarrel with the Wickersham comi mission's report on the “third dei gree,” but we are not dealing with isolated propositions. We are dealing with an epidemic of lawlessness in which the “third degree” plays a mighty small part. It’s wrong, of course, for police- ; men to punch, kick, cuff, or cther- ' wise mistreat sdlpected persons. I You can go farther than that and ! say it’s wrong to keep suspected persons without food or sleep for i too great a length of time while j they are being questioned. When all is said and done, how- , ever, you’re not going to break through such a conspiracy of silence as we are up against with college quiz methods. a a a Cops Have Troubles POLICEMEN are not only human, like the rest of us, but they have been subjected to a terrific strain. The public has scolded them for not doing better work, organized crime has run rings around them, reformers have smothered them beneath a mountain of law, and politicians have hog-tied them with threats and pressure. They have seen their efforts stultified by shyster lawyers and fixed juries, have had some of their best campaigns spoiled by sob-sister publicity, and have sent crooks to prison only to meet them a year, or even a month, afterward as ex-convicts. I hold no brief for the “third degree,” whether in the form of physical violence, or a 500-candle power light, but I doubt whether its practice is general enough to justify alarm, or whether this is the right time to talk about it. nan Third Degrees’ THE ‘third degree” is not confined to police stations by any means. Not only gangs, but some so-called respectable people practice it, and with good results, to let them tell it. There are thousands, if not millions, of poor devils being put through one kind of “third degree” or another all the while—debtors hounded by creditors, scared clerks browbeaten by bosses, tenants threatened with eviction, and so on. a a a Mrs. Earle Williams, widow of the movie actor, having stolen because of her desperate circumstances, having been caught at it and threatened with arrest; kills herself, her mother and two children. You can sob over that episode, but you can’t blame the woman who was robbed. Let’s not lose our sense of proportion. Life involves a certain amount of “third degree’ no matter what phase of it you take. a a a Page Wickersham? HERE’S a school teacher down in Texas trying to get her job back. Says she was fired by a jealous principal—a married man—who got sore because she “kept company” with one of her pupils. Says he and the pupil had a fist fight over it. Rough stuff, any way you look at it, but does it warrant a Wickersham report? Here’s a lady In Paris suing her husband for divorce, because, as she explains it, he has become a spiritualist, established communication with the ghost of his dead wife, and smashed their happiness. The lady says that she has suffered untold torture listening to her husband make love to his former spouse, and that the latter has had the nerve to tell her, through tabletiDping, or a cuija board, what kind of food he likes and how to cook it. a a a Balling It Up WE’RE all sold on the proposition that law enforcement should be 100 per cent perfect. That’s chiefly what ails both of! them. s We’ve wasted far too much time ! and energy trying to make a per- ! feet system and have succeeded only in balling it up so badly that neither the police nor the courts can function efficiently. If we took the law with the same calmness that we take autos, it might help some. Autos are killing 30,000 people in this country each year, half of them women and children. What does the I “third degree” amount to compared i to that? What dees the “third degree” amount to compared to a lot of things—murder, theft, gang rule, racketeering, drug smuggling? Everything is relative. You can’t afford to burn a house to kill rats, or bother with rats when there is more important business on hand.

rtTqoAN"isTHfep

HENDERSON RESIGNS August 11 ON Aug. 11. 1917, Arthur Henderson. secretary of the British Labor party, resigned from the British war cabinet owing to the government’s dissatisfaction with his support of the Stockholm Socialist conference. In the previous spring Henderson had visited Russia, just after the revolution, on behalf of the British government, and found the then provisional government strongly in favor of international and socialist conferences at Stockholm. It was his conviction that it would be better that British repres tatives go to the conference, rather than permit Russia delegates to meet German delegates there alone. Accordingly, on his return to England he promoted the participation of British labor in the conference Two labor parties Indorsed his attitude, but- the Sailors , and Firemen's Union refused to carry the delegates; and most other Labor parties in allied countries did not follow his lead. When Lloyd George and his fellow ministers indicated publicly their objection to his policy Henderson resigned.

. \ , hmESm- / \a ' fflapi /v><-: / v * A/vsp** 1 f*/sy * ‘ '■? x. t. T ft A VpjLr' -J /TVs. . ■ mfmfs, i §r i s^^ W/m/A, \m^*kmMMr .- ’ \i -g^ceu^r-.'

Growing Child Needs Calcium

This is the twelfth of a series of twen-ty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies,’’ dealing with snch much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. IVIORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyreia. the Health Magazine. IT has been said that all of us must eat a pound of earth a day in order to live. We must choose our minerals instead of picking them blindly if we are to get the most advantage out of them from the point of view of health and growth. Mineral salts of Interest to the human as they are obtained in foods include calcium, iron, sulphur, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iodine, fluroine, silicon, manganese and aluminum. Phosphorus is found in egg yolk, cream and nuclei of cells. Iron is found in egg yolks, beans, meats particularly liver, and various organs. Calcium is found in milk, eggs and muscle meats. Sulphur is found

IT SEEMS TO ME

ROBERT LOW BACON, congressman from Nassau county, is incensed because Washington anthropologists have declared that he is typical of the American of the future. It seems to me that Mr. Bacon has a right to be irritated. Being selected as the norm is almost as insulting as being picked as one who stands conspicuously below the average. Nobody wants to be a maverick in the lower brackets. Yet there is little more consolation in being tethered too tightly to the herd. The man in lowa picked a few years ago as “the average American” had little joy in this selection. And why would he? All of us want to feel that, while we share certain virtues with our fellows, there are faults or talents which set us apart from the rest. No man can be comfortable in the role of standing as a symbol of present achievement or future progress. Accordingly, Congressman Bacon bridles at the thought that in another hundred years Bacons of a similar type will be found in every village and hamlet of the land. He wants to be hi ttelf, I sup* pose, and not just a :*igle unit in the mass production of Model T. I have been worried about the decline of one of the great individuals of our day. A man who once stood as a lone and snowtopped peak now begins to dwindle as merely a little hill in the vast range of humankind. He held his head in years gone by above the timberline. Os late I fear that in his hair may be found the spruce and pine of run-of-the-mill humanity. a a a Effects of Fame I AM referring to George Bernard Shaw and the tragedy of his later j T ears. For almost half a century he enunciated doctrines which were wise and deadly serious. And during those fifty years the world in which he lived insisted upon assuming that he was a clown and that the reforms of which he spoke were advanced facetiously. And now. beyond the prime of his. intellect, certain trite sayings of the master are accepted as gospel, although they may be nothing more than aids for headline attention.

For instance, much has been made of the fact that Shaw, after

Questions and Answers

How can lawn ants be exterminated? By pouring boiling water or kerosene on their nests. Who is the author of the quotation: “To thine own self be true, and it must follow as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man”? Shakespeare, In Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 3. *

What’s the Big Idea?

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

in lean beef, eggs and milk. Sodium, magnesium and potassium are found in small amounts in most food substances. lodine is found in sea foods and also in many vegetables and plants. In the form of plant life, phosphorus is found in vegetables, whole wheat cereals, particularly oatmeal, and in dried beans and peas. Iron is found in the same food substances, but particularly in spinach, leafy green vegetables, and in such fruits as apricots, apples, peaches and raisins. Calcium is found in whole wheat, rice, and in many vegetables, such as beets, carrots, parsnips and potatoes. Sulphur is also found in plants of the various cereals and in beans, peas and potatoes. It is customary to consider calcium and phosphorus together because they seem to supplement each other in building body tissue. They are, of course, concerned primarily with the building of bones and teeth. The average grown person must have about one-sixtieth of an ounce

a whole ten days in Russia, gave his benediction to Stalinism. That would be important, if it were not for the fact that about a year ago Mr. Shaw paid an equally fervent tribute to the Fascism of Mussolini. It is not quite possible to be for Russia and Italy at the same time, since, in spite of surface resemblances, there is an actual gulf in the economic theory. Again, one is puzzled when he remembers that Shaw upon many occasions has expressed his faith in pacifism. How, then, can he accept, without qualification, the vast military machine which has been reared by Moscow? I rather fear that George Bernard Shaw ought to be listed among the unscarred casualties of the World war. He did not meet that test with the same quality as his Socialist comrade Debs in America or his labor collegue, Rams-.y MacDanald, in England. a * a The Right Guns! THERE were certain statements of the playwright which might well have been interpreted as in opposition to the war. But he did find refuge in such compromises as the advice to the Irish to enlist in the French army. Certainly his was not a clear and understandable voice during the strain of those fierce and trying days. And the ground which he gave to the tanks and the big guns never has been -ecovered. The rebel is now a respectable member not only of the English community, but of the world. His radicalism has largely gone to mere eccentricity. He is at the moment heretical in not much more than a cape-and-tweed way. To me it is shocking that the man who stood so solitary in the days of his mental force and vigor should, after 70, take on so much of the modes of bandwagon jumpers. It is the thing to do for tourists to applaud Mussolini and to remark that now the trains of Italy run on time. Shaw did that. And likewise tourists into Russia, with few exceptions, glance to the right and left and come away praising all they have seen without much regard to some of the darker crannies which serve to tarnish this vast and courageous eSort. Shaw is on record as a believer in Fabianism, and by no stretch of the imagination can the dictatorship of Stalin be identified as a thing wholly similar. Os course, there are results in common. But Lenin himself was wise enough to insist that a dr •- ence in method is as fundamental a thing as a split objective. Shaw has spoken light and pithout much thought cf what Stalinism pould do for England. He has neglected to cc der the bloodshed which would have to be paid if the same formula were carried out in the same way. It is true, of course, that nothing which he says or does r.ow can truly detract from his great achievement. I have alwa3% been willing

or 0.45 grams of calcium a day. A woman who is about to have a child or one who is nursing an infant must have additional calcium to supply the needs of the infant. A growing child or animal needs much more calcium than an adult because it is drveloping bones a teeth. Thus a child of 3 to 13 years of age needs at least twice as much calcium as does a grown person. For this reason milk is particularly suited to the child’s diet It is rich in calcium and calcium in milk is in easy usable form. What is available in milk is in most instances available in cheese. Thus a small piece of cheese, about lVa cubic inches, contains twenty times as much calcium as four ounces oft beef and twelve times as much 'as one egg yolk. A certain amount of calcium must always be present in the circulating blood. If this amount is reduced the whole body promptly has disturbing symptoms. Among these are convulsive conditions called tetany, and other nervous reactions.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

to place a wager that his position in posterity is safe. But I could wish that the old gentleman would pay a little more inspect to the memory of the Shaw who used to be. a a a Man and Author HERE m our own land a literary man of vastly lower rank confuses the public judgment through the growing intrusion of his personality. No fair-minded critic can reasonably deny that Theodore Dreiser is an excellent novelist of the second class. But of late his posturing and his passion for publicity have made a few believe that “Jennie Gerhardt” and “The Genius” are really not so much. , And yet they are. The fact that Theodore Dreiser, the man, is in many respects a pompous ass. doesn’t in any way touch the quality of that Dreiser who sits down with pad in hand and chisels novels through the solid substance of the paper on which he hacks his message. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

Daily Thought

Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully.—Psalms 52:2. Give not thy tongue too great liberty, lest it take thee prisoner A word unspoken is like a sword in the scabbard, thine; if vented, thy sword is in another’s hand. If thou desire to be be so wise as to hold thy tongue.—Quarles.

Things That Are Not So Most of us know a tremendous lot of things that turn out not to be so. It has been said that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing. It is astonishing how the human mind gets impressions of what it considers to be facts and finds out later on chat the impression was all wrong. Check up on your knowledge! Some sage has said that one new fact added to the mental equipment each day will result in ultimate wisdom. Our Washington bureau has a group of ten of its interesting, informative, factual bulletins on a wide variety of subjects ready for you in a single packet. Here are the titles: 1. Bible Facts 6. Largest and Smallest Things 2. The Story of Money 7. Fact and Fancy 3. Wonders of Nature 8. Mathematical Pnzzl s 4. Religions of the World 9. Puzzling Scientific Facts 5. Wildflowers 10. Superstitions and Delusions If you want this group of ten interesting and thrilling bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. B-5, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want the special packet of ten bulletins on Checking Up Knowledge, and inclose herewith 30 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City state I am a dally reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed ip this column are those of one of America’s most interestinr writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of j this paper.—The Editor.

.’AUG. 11, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAMP DIETZ

Faraday’s Simple Experiment 100 Years Ago Paved Way for Dynamos, Telephones, Radio. THE centenary of the laying of the foundation of the Age of Electricity will be celebrated when the American Physical Society holds its fall meeting at the General Electric research laboratories in Schenectady Sept. 10. 11 and 12. Actually the centenary occurs a few days earlier, for it was on Aug. 29, 1931, that Michael Faraday made the great discovery which paved the way for electric lights, electric street cars, electric elevators and all the other marvels of the "push button” era. It was on Aug. 29, 1931, that Faraday performed his famous experiment upon electro-magnetic induction. Another pioneer in this field was Joseph Henry, the first secretary of the Smithsonian institution at Washington, and in celebrating the Faraday centenary, the American Physical Society will also pay honor to the memory of Henry. The names of both Faraday and Henry have been honored perpetually in the realm of electrical and radio engineering, for the unit of electrical capacity has been named the “farad.” in honor of Faraday, while the unit of electrical inductance has been named the “henry." a a a Experiment Simple FARADAY performed his epochal experiment while working in the laboratory of the Royal Institution in London. The experiment seems like a very simple one. Faraday wound two coils of wire on an iron ring. He connected one coil to an electric battery. The other coil was connected to a galvanometer, the forerunner of such meters as the ammeter on the dashboard of a modern automobile. He found that at the moment that the connection between the first coil and the battery was either made or broken, a current was set up or “induced” in the second coil. This was evidenced by the behavior of the needle of the galvanometer, which swung in one direction when the connection was made, and in the other direction when the connection was broken. This seems like a small discovery. But as the Royal Institution truly says in the preliminary announcement of its own celebration of the centenary, ‘Aug. 29, 1931, is, then, the centenary of one of the great events in the history of the world.” For electromagnetic induction is the basis of every dynamo, motor, transformer, telephone and radio in the world. Without Faraday's discovery, none of the things which we think of as important earmarks of the present age would be with us. Os course, it is not improbable that if Faraday had not made his discovery, someone else might have. But on the other hand, the discovery might not have come for fifty years. And that might have set the world back fifty years. a a a Father a Blacksmith MICHAEL FARADAY, the great English physicist and chemist, was born at Newington, Surrey, on Sept. 22. 1791. His father was a blacksmith, and as a youth, Michael was apprenticed to a journeyman bookbinder. Faraday's great chance came when Sir Humphrey Davy, director of the Royal Institution, had him appointede an assistant in the laboratory. Davy was a chemist and so Faraday’s first work was naturally in the field which Davy had opened up for him. He made a special study of chlorine and discovered two new compounds of chlorine and carbon. He also succeeded in liquefying several gases. But it was not long before his work in the field of electricity became more important than his chemical discoveries. Joseph Henry, whose memory the American Physical Society also will honor, was born In Albany, N. Y., on Dec. 17, 1797. He attended a county district school, showed little interest in study, and was apprenticed to a watchmaker. A popular book on natural history which fell into his hands when he was 16 awoke his interest in science. He returned to school later, acting as a tutor to pay his way through college. Henry’s first great advance in the field of electricity seems exceedingly simple to us today. Things are frequently simple after someone else has thought of them. He was the first to use insulated w’ire for an electric coil. With the use of insulated wire, Henry developed the electromagnet In the form we know it today. This electromagnet is a part of every dynamo and motor in existence. How many games did the pitchers Grove and Earnshaw win for the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1930 world series? Two each.