Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 78, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 August 1931 — Page 4

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The American Inquisition If the public Is not aroused by the Wickersham commission’s report on the deportation terror, America’s sense of mercy and justice is dead. The cruelty of the United States labor department, as described by this official expose, is akin to the medieval inquisition. We can not believe that public opinion will continue to permit such tyranny. Here are some of the Wickersham charges—charges buttressed by revolting facts and evidence: That deportation methods are often "unconstitutional, tyrannical and oppressive.” That immigration inspectors, often political appointees of low mentality, conduct star-chamber proceedings with alien suspects in which records are doctored and the simplest fundamentals of Judicial procedure and law are violated. That the official functions as prosecutor, inquisitor, judge and executor of the sentence. That homes, persons and effects are searched Without legal warrants. That victims are detained in jail without warrants. That "evidence” is obtained through stool-pigeons, anonymous tip-offs and malicious rumors. That mass raids are made and even American eitizens subjected to illegal outrages. That a so-called board of review of the same department in Washington, in secret session "decides facts, passes upon proper construction of the law, makes recommendations that are in effect findings arid which adjudicate most important personal rights of liberty.” That this board keeps no public records. Such is the system of legal lawlessness and terrorism which decrees every year banishment for some 20,000 aliens, which separates families, and prey* upon foreign born citizens whose personal views are not agreeable to a Republican secretary of labor and his political underlings. Secretary of Labor Doak does not carry the full responsibility for this system. He is a relatively new man in the cabinet. He found the system already in operation. But his own record is bad. Wielding the power of virtual life or death, Doak in the Guido Serio and Li Tao Hsuan cases sentenced two political refugees to almost certain death by banishment to Italy and China—sentences which the courts may yet reverse. Doak instead of reforming the brutal system, now calls for even larger arbitrary powers, while he lamely denies the Wickersham charges which he can not disprove. Fortunately the commission's expert, Reuben Oppenheimer, and the nine Wickersham commissioners who joined in this report, have recommended to President Hoover constructive reforms. Os these reforms perhaps the most important is the Wickersham recommendation—so long urged by this newspaper—that all judicial powers be taken from the labor department and vested in a court of alien appeals of high judicial character. “It is doubtful,” the report states, "if anywhere in the entire system of Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence are government officials given similar, unfettered rights of private inquiry, or is the exercise of governmental power more often characterized by violations of fairness and decency.” How long will President Hoover let that official, proved indictment stand against his administration?

The Akron Another dirigible, the world's largest, goes forth to make its own way in the world. The navy dirigible Akr0n—55,375,000 worth, 785 feet long, floated with 6,500,000 cubic feet of hydrogen—was formally presented to the world Saturday by Mrs. Herbert Hoover at the Goodyear-Zeppelin dock in Akron, O. The life and career of the new Akron will be watched from every corner of the globe. For on her behavior may depend, to a large degree, the future of all airships. The Akron comes into the world as the progeny of an erratic line of ancestors. Her German forebears, the famous Zeppelins, have left behind them a distinguished and admirable record of success. But in Italy, in England and in the United States, the trail of airship history' is littered with disaster and death. England, dismayed by the catastrophe that lately befell her newest air giant, has given up dirigible building. The Akron has profited by all these failures. Into her vast metal hull has been built a strength three times that of the ill-fated United States Shenandoah. There is little doubt that she is the best airship in history. If dirigibles are to be of value to the world, we prefer to picture then soaring over vast distances, across oceans and deserts, loaded with peace-time passengers and mail; rather than sliding ominously through the darkness above great cities, dropping their deadly bombs on helpless populations in war time. May the Akron sail the skies in peace, long and happily, and may her record be such that a great fleet of peace-cruising descendants naturally will follow her!

More Pensions? Veterans of foreign wars announce that their organization will ask congress to authorize payment in full of veterans’ bonus certificates, which now have s loan value of 50 per cent and on which almost twelve million dollars have been advanced. This is their answer to the speech of Representative Royal Johnson, chairman of the .veterans affairs committee of the house, calling attention to large benefits already extended to soldiers and urging against new demands at this time. Johnson’s speech Is supposed to have reflected the views of the administration. The concern of the administration is easy to understand. Each session of congress since the war has Increased veterans’ benefits until now nearly a billion dollars a year is paid out for pensions, compensation, hospital treatment and in other ways. This comprises nearly a fourth of all expenditures of the federal government. Congress has been exceedingly liberal, as it should have been, and the public has not complained. It has demanded that veterans who need care should have it, and have the best, and that dependents should be cared for. The agitation for full payment of the bonus, however, presents a problem of a somewhat different sort. It would require new taxes to raise $3,500,300,000 to $5,000,000,000 or bond issues in that amount, when the government is confronted with a $900,000,000 deficit from last ydar, a deficit as great or greater for the current year, and new and heavy demands because of the depression and unemployment. Many veterans are suffering, it is true, but suffering affects all classes, and is not confined to that group. The question now is whether we would not f .

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIFP 8-HOW AMD NEWSPAPER) Onraed and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos 214-220 Weat Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 centa a copy: elsewhere. S cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. KOV W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON Editor President Business Manager PHONE—HI ley SSSI MONDAY, AUO. 10. 1931 Member of United Presa. Bcrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

be better off all around—veterans included—if the money were spent for public works to give employment, and for direct relief where needed. Straight Talk A howl goes up every time a college professor is dismissed summarily. Usually this protest is justified richly, for in most cases it is only the best of professors who get fired in so dramatic a manner as to receive attention from the press. Yet we gain from such cases a misleading impression as to the precariousness of tenure in the gentle craft of pedagogy. As an actual fact, it is rare that a man is dismissed from a college or university except as a result of extensive demonstration of extraordinary competence. Take representative victims of the academic guillotine—Alexander Winchell, E. Benjamin Andrews, Edward A. Ross, Harry Thurston Peck, John R. Commons, John H. Gray, J. McKeen Cattell, Harry Dana, Alexander Meiklejohn, W. I. Thomas, John B. Watson, Thorstein Veblen, Scott Nearing, Herbert Adolphus Miller and the like. Added to those who voluntarily have left the profession, in disgust, these men, in their thought, teachings and writings, count for about as much as all the thousands who have slumbered safely in the cloisters during the last generation. Indeed, in the whole range of human employment there is no place, with the possible exception of politics und high executive posts in business, where incompetence can repose with such slight jeopardy as in the academic profession. This goes so far at times as to be almost ruinous to the students. In one great American university decent instruction in economic history—perhaps the most important subject in the modern curriculum—has been prevented for a generation because an indolent pretender has been' allowed to sleep at his post for decades. Rarely, however, does any academician risk the heresy of talking out straight on this matter. Therefore, we may welcome the candor of ex-President Clarence Cook Little in his address before the summer session of Columbia university. He advised ‘ trial marriages” between the colleges and the professors. "‘Why a university should wed for life an individual who, at 30, shows promise, and is continuing to show promise, but does not deliver any goods at the age of 65, I fail to see. “Presidents, deans and other faculty members should receive a cold shower every five years to make them change some of their academic clothes. I know that some of the most distinguished loafing in America is being done by American faculties in the universities. “There seems to be no way of waking these gentlemen up, because their appointments run on, and there is no alarm clock. If you have an alarm clock set for the end of every five years, it would wake them up once in five years.” Dr. Little put his finger on another major defect of our instruction system, namely, the promotion of professors on the basis of written work rather than teaching ability. The average liberal arts professor is promoted "on his lack of interest in teaching and on his interest in research.” ' He added, accurately enough, that "American colleges are being run for the glorification of the American faculty and not for the betterment of the American students.”

A Conservation Tip Dr. Raphael Zon, director of the Lake States experiment station on a university farm near the Twin Cities of Minnesota, increasingly is regarded as a leader in conservation movements. Last week he met with Minnesota’s new conservation commission. Dr. Zon was bursting with constructive ideas. First of all, he said, unify all the activities of forestry, game and fish agents. “There is no reason in the world why a game warden can not help fight fires if necessary, or any reason why a forester can not aid in conserving the state’s wild life.” Dr. Zon said he kn?w of many cases where forest fires were fought with too many of the available men in places where they were not needed badly, while valuable timber stands elsewhere would be burning unmolested. He recommended again that tax delinquent land coming Into control of states should be reforested carefully by the states, so that eventually it could pay dividends. Money derived from timber sales by the states should be used for reforestation work. Private individuals should be encouraged to reforest by imposition of very low taxes on land so used until the timber is ready to harvest. He warned the commission that the state should supervise development of the recreational aspects of the vacation lands, lakes and woods, so cheap, undesirable places should not grow up to blot out the natural beauty of the forests. Dr. Zon’s ideas will be interesting to every state which has the conservaton of forests, lakes, streams and wild life as one of its major problems. Palm readers are reported to be making a fortune during the depression. You've got to hand it to them.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

r | "'WENTY-FIVE years ago a woman could not have taken a journey like that upon which Anne Lindbergh has set forth. There were two reasons: She had no airplane in which to fly. And mothers in those days did not leave their 13-month-old . abies. The old-fashioned woman was held, all her life! in the rigid caste of foolish conventions. She regulated her habits, not according to common sense, but to other people's ideas. And most of the customs to which she had to conform were the sentimental creations of unthinking and impractical visionaries.' A good wife was supposed to obey and feed her husband. A good mother, by all the standards, was expected to spend every moment with her che-ild. And years later the che-ild probably did not thank her for it. The wife of this generation has enough sense to know that the most important member of the family for her, is her husband. Acting upon that theory! she gains immeasurably in happiness. tt U tt WHEN you listen to the croakers saying that marriage is not what it used to be, return thanks that this is true. For marriage today is a much finer and more splendid thing than it ever has been before, because there is a comradeship between husband and wife that never before was possible. The years of life go swiftly by. For a woman to relinquish voluntarily any of the precious friendship —the closest chord in true wedlock—is to throw away blessings that may never come again. Anne Lindbergh, though according to past standards negligent of her maternal duties, has chosen the better part. A baby left in proper hands is just as safe without its mother for a certain length of time. Its wants are simple and entirely material. But a husband— there are no other proper hands for him. It

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS Orientals Have Not Separated Art From Nature, Which Leaves the Poor Something to Enjoy. NEW YORK, Aug. 10.—Germany offers to buy 600,000 tons of wheat from the federal farm board, if, when, provided, and so on.

That is a big transaction, involving 75 or 100 cargo ships and ten or fifteen millions dollars. Still, it represents only about 20 pounds of wheat for each German and 22 bushels for each American grower. tt V u Mrs. Hoover christens the Akron, greatest dirigible ever built. Is it a good, or evil, omen? Have we given birth to a monster of destruction, or a gigantic harbinger of peace? Size furnishes no answer to such questions. Great or small, all manmade devices are subject to the whims and caprices of man. If man wills war, the dirigible will become an engine of war. a a tt Legs ‘Guilty—at Last WHILE the Akron w’as being christened in Ohio, a jury was convicting Jack (Legs) Diamond, in New York, Sunday papers gave Diamond a good break as far as publicity is concerned. The editors did not look at it just exactly that way, of course, but he did, and so did a lot of misguided youths. The fact that he was convicted will be taken as a warning by some, while the fact that the law failed to convict him on twenty-two previous occasions will be taken as proving something else by others.

Success and Poverty SIR CHANDRASEKHARA RAMAN, Indian scientist and winner of a Nobel prize, has been invited to visit California. He would like to come, but can’t because he is too poor. That does not sound like success according to the American standard, yet this great oriental is not unhappy. Much as he would like to have the privilege of working in our fine laboratories, he plods uncomplainingly along in his little bare room, with a few carefully chosen books and a few devoted students, playing the violin, like Einstein, when he feels blue or bewildered, and proving that an intelligent man still can accomplish much without the pomp and paraphernalia of modern life. There is a type of mind that can see beauty in a sunset, or a hillside, without experts to define it, or painters to put it on canvas. There is another type of mind that can’t see beauty in anything that costs less than half a million. Orientals have not separated art from nature, which leaves the poor something to enjoy. *t a a Trigger Fame Red tommyhawk, who shot Sitting Bull, greatest of “medicine men,” has just died at the age of 82. _ From an official standpoint, he did a splendid piece of work. Unofficially, however, Sitting' Bull remains the greater man. It is not so much to kill a human being, especially if you have a gun and pull the trigger first, but it’s a great deal to create the rumpus Sitting Bull did with such odds against him. He stood not only for a lost, but hopeless cause. He was foolish to imagine that he could do anything to block the white man’s path. But he had courage, and he died fighting. a tt A Life-Long Struggle ANOTHER man died during the week-end, whose early life was spent amid tragedy and battle, and whose struggle against desperate odds afterward should make some of us ashamed of the whining we do. do. He was Franz Mayer of Floral Park, Long Island, bom in Germany eighty-five years ago, orphaned when his father was shot and his mother died of a broken heart, and a world rover before he had much excuse for shaving. At 17 he landed in New York, without a job, money, or prospects. Joining the Union army, he w>ent through the Civil war, after which he became a soldier of fortune. He was in the famous Virginian which attempted to smuggle arms to the Cuban revolutionists in 1873, and swam Havana harbor to escape Morro Castle when the crew was captured. Poison from shark bites which he received during that swim resulted in the amputation, first of one leg, and then the other. Most men would have given up right there, but Mr. Mayer became an artist, painting for many years by the bedside of his invalid wife. His career shows what can be done.

HOOVER WAR APPOINTMENT Aug. 10 ON Aug. 10. 1917, Herbert Hoover was appointed by President Wilson United States food administrator under terms of the Lever act. Hoover at once developed an organization for stimulating production, checking hoarding and speculation and conserving food supplies. Because he had comparatively little power in his hands, he called on the people for co-operation. He 'received almost universal backing for his requests. Among the food limitations he called tor were meatless and wheatless days. By enrolling thousands of volunteer workers and local committee members, he was able to extend the food administration to every state, city and village. During his food administration work Hoover established the United States Grain Corporation, sugar equalization board, and food purchase board, all for the purpose of a more centralized handling of food supplies during the emergency. He thus was able to meet the large fund demands of the allies, who were hard pressed to maintain the morale of their people because of food shortage due to reduced production and to cargoes lost by submarine destruction.

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Fats Have Important Diet Values

This is the eleventh of a series of twen-ty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies.” dealing with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ’"r'HERE are all sorts of superstitions and ideas concerning fats in the diet. There are people who are convinced that all fats are indigestible, that fats mean nothing but added weight, that they simply can not eat fat and that fat goes directly to the places where it looks worst and annoys most. It has been proved by experiments in laboratories that fats are of special value in the diet because they contain high quantities of the three fat soluble vitamins A, D and E. When animals or children are fed diets lacking in these substances, they respond promptly with series of serious symptoms. Many experiments have been made on feeding white rats with diets that contained no fat. Animals can be grown from weaning to maturity on diets deprived of natural fats. On the other hand, animals have

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE city council in Hackensack, N. J., has made a ruling prohibiting all open-air political meetings by any party during the coming gubernatorial campaign. This decision was made after the Communist party had applied for a permit to conduct political meetings on street corners. The city fathers, it seems to me, are biting off their noses to spite their faces. They could not, of course, deny the Communists their say in the open air and at the same time grant that privilege to the other parties. Although, if memory serves me, that has been done, too. # # a Quiet Party AT the same time several members of the council said “they would favor issuing a permit to the Communists for indoor meetings if such application should be made.” What the council has in mind, apparently, is to keep this minority party from reaching an unlimited audience. It is their notion, and rightly so, that indoor meetings attract for the most part those people who are already red or at least pink-tinted. It is a psychological fact that the rank and file are timid about entering strange doors. Conversation always is easier out in the open. This is true of religious cults as well as political. Billy Sunday in his periodic revival meetings was able to bring more sinners dow r n the sawdust trail than any more conservative minister could bring to their knees on the carpeted floor of a church. The absence of dimensional restrictions does strange things to a man. Once outside he feels physically and spiritually free. He is more ready to be tolerant of the other fellow’s viewpoint. He will, at the very least, stand and listen. There is a certain camaraderie that permeates the atmosphere. Once the meeting is taken indoors, no matter how friendly the audience may be, an involuntary feeling of constraint is apparent both in the speaker and his listeners. a a a Pity the Heretic HOWEVER, this rule can work both ways. It is quite possible that the Democrats and Republicans of Hackensack are looking for new voters. They, too, will miss the freedom of the streets. Very likely some dyed-in-the-wool Republican who has had enough of Mr. Hoover’s prosperity is just waiting to be tapped for membership in the Democratic party. He thinks, of course, that there is some essential difference between these two major parties. However, here he is, all primed for the great step. He wanders aimlessly from one street corner to the next, ready and anxious to be converted. Finally he makes inquiries and is told the Democrats are holding a monster meeting over at the Elks halL He. goes over, looks in, but m

The Beach Comber

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

also been grown successfully on diets which contain 86 per cent of the total calories in the form of fat. Fats are useful in the diet not only for raising calories, but also because of the special flavors that they have. For this reason oils, such as olive oil, are used in salad dressings. The fat of the egg yolk and butter fat, and the fat of cod liver oil are the very finest sources of vitamins A and D. Chemically, the fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They contain less oxygen and more carbon and hydrogen than do the carbohydrates. , The fats of various animals vary according to the species. Animals that live on land have harder fat than those which live in water. Animals that live on meat have harder fats than those which live on vegetables. In times of starvation the fat serves to spare the protein. Ergosterol, which is the source of vitamin D, is in fat. The primary use of fats in the body is to carry on the work of the body, to furnish heat, to spare proteins, and to supply the vitamins. When fat is taken into the body it is not digested in any way in the mouth and very little indeed in the stomach. The greater part of digestion of fat takes place in the small intes-

can not gather enough co—age to enter. These people all seeem to know one another. They have something in common. There is a wall separating him from them. He sighs and trudges over to the Moose hall, where his own party is holding forth. That one vote might have been the deciding one in the election. I can’t see what the city council has to fear. Why not give all the parties the right to hold street cor-

Questions and Answers

What does the name Donna mean? Either given from the Latin, or of Dionysius, from the Greek. How is Taj Mahal pronounced? Taj (a as in arm) ma (as final a in America) hal (as in arm). The accent is on the last syllable. Who were the players in the motion picture, “Young Sinners.” Thomas Meighan, Hardie Albright, Dorothy Jordan, Cecelia Loftus, James Kirkwood, Edmund Breese, Lucien Prival, Arnold Lucy, Nora Lane, Joau Castle, John Arledge, Eddie Nugent, Yvonne Pelletier, David Rollins, Gaylord Pendleton and Billy Butts. Is there a town named Memphis in any other state than Tennessee? Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Tennessee and Texas each has a Memphis. Is Kate Smith, the singer, a Negro? How old is she and how much does she weigh? She was born in Washington, D. C., about 22 years ago, weighs 225 pounds and is a white woman. What does the name McGovern mean? It is an Irish family name meaning “son of the smith.” When did Lon Chaney enter motion pictures? In 191?. ' , What is the official language of Australia and New Zealand? The official language is English which is spoken by all the people except the natives. Daily Thought And when the Lord saw that they humble themselves, the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah saying, They have humbled themselves; therefore I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some deliverance; and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.— Chronicles 12:7. Well-nigh the whole substance of the Christian discipline is humility.—St. Augustine.

tines, where it is acted on by certain secreted juices. Because it is difficult for the juices of the body to penetrate into the fat, the digestion of fat takes place slowly. Foods which are rich in fats are therefore retained longer periods of time in the stomach and in the intestines. There is plenty of evidence that fat is stored up in the body. When swine are fed on cotton seed meal, the lard shows in characteristic color reaction of cotton seed oil. The same is true of butter fat. The body’s requirement of fat varies from approximately 2.1 grams of fat per pound of body weight at six months of age to 1.4 grams per pound of body weight from the age of 3 to the age of 17, and thereafter about one gram of fat per pound of body weight. A gram is roughly one-thirtieth of an ounce. Any one who eats some butter, some egg yolk, a little bacon, or other fat meat, a little olive oil or other food oil will supply from the point of view of fat about all the fat that he can possibly need. Infants frequently receive an excess of fat as shown by loss of appetite, loss of weight, and a special color in the excretions associated with too much fat in the diet. Hence their food must be regulated to take care of this factor.

cv HEYWOOD bY BROUN

ner meetings? At least, then it would be possible for a voter to hear all sides. There is a spot in New York City at 125th street and Seventh avenue that used to be called “Bughouse corner.” tt tt The Privilege each of the four corners for weeks preceding election there w’ould be a different meeting. On one corner the Socialists held forth nightly. Directly across from them the Socialist Labor party would be exhorting a smaller, but nevertheless fair-sized, crowd. On the opposite side of the avenue the Salvation Army and the Single Taxers held their meetings. It was all very fascinating. I used to like to wander across the street, with quotations from Karl Marx’s “Das Kapital” still echoing in my brain and a half-frightened convert tellir- ’’-e crowd how he “found Jesus.” It might be a good idea for the Hackensack authorities to reconsider their decision. Even before prospective voters became as apathetic as they are today, it was necessary to go out and hammer into them the necessity of appearing at the polls on election day. It is even more necessary today. (Copyright. 1931. bv The Times!

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Ideals and opinions expressed in Ibis column are those of one of America’s most inter esting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude at this paper.—The Editor.

.AUG. 10, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Another Commander-in-Chief of American Forces Is Honored—This One for Hie War on bisects. A GOLD medal has been conferred upon the man who for more than a generation has been the commander-in-chief of Americas forces in one of the most important wars the nation ever has waged. It is a war which is still in progress, although as a rule it receives less attention than the explosion of a bomb in some foreign capital several thousand miles away. The war is the war against insects. All authorities are of the opinion that unless all the nations of the world wage continual warfaie against the insects, some day they will take dominance of the earth away from man. It is interesting to note that the much-feared wild beasts of the earth are gradually becoming extinct. Most authorities predict that the day will come when the only specimens of elephants, lions or gorillas will be stuffed ones In museums. Man’s chief enemies are tiny. The little insects and the microscopic disease germs are the two chief threats to man’s control of the earth. The recipient of the gold medal is Dr. L. O. Howard, from 1894 to 1927 the chief of the United States bureau of entomology, and at present the principal entomologist of the United States department of agriculture. a a it Second Recipient THE medal just awarded to Dr. Howard is known as the “Capper Award for Distinguished Service to American Agriculture.” A fund of $5,000 goes along with the medal. The award, which is made annually, w r as established by United States Senator Arthur Capper "to provide a concrete expression of gratitude to some of the people who make contributions of national importance to American agriculture and to assist in stimulating public appreciation of fine service to our basic industry’.” The award was given for the first time in 1930 to the late Dr. S. M. Babcock of the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Babcock was the inventor of the famous "Babcock test” for butter fat. He also made numerous other important contributions to scientific agriculture. Dr. Howard is the second person to receive the aw’ard. He was born in Rockford, 111., June 11,1857, and educated at Cornell and Georgetown universities. He entered the service of the United States bureau of entomology in 1878 as assistant entomologist, a pest which he held until his promotion to chief of the department in 1894. Under his direction, the bureau has waged ceaseless w’arfare upon insect pests,, studying the breeding and feeding habits of insects, the natural enemies of various types of insects, and the countless other problems involved in the war to protect crops from destruction by insects, *: a Pests Are Immigrants DR. HOWARD points out that while the advance of mankind has worked to the detriment of the larger animals, it has aided the insects. Large farms are concentrated supplies of food for insects as well as for man. International commerce makes it possible for Insects to be transported thousands of miles from one country to another. The transportation of insects from one country to another is particularly dangerous. Normally, there Is a balance in nature. . A certain insect, in its normal habitat or location, has many enemies. These enemies prevent the insect from multiplying unduly. But when that insect is transported to a country where its natural enemies do not exist, there is then no check upon it§ multiplication. The United States has suffered greatly from such introduction of foreign insect pests. In some cases poisons are used. In others, insects are introduced which are natural enemies of the pest and prey upon it. In some instances the plan has been tried of introducing insect diseases. Infected insects are turned loose with the hope that they will create an epidemic among the other insects. In the Hawaiian islands most of the pests which attacked the sugar cane have been brought under control by the introduction of their enemies. While there are other examples of such splendid success, there still are enough insect pests not yet under control to cause the entomologists of the world considerable worry.