Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 77, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 August 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

S C* / PPJ . HOW AJit>

Official Wine Racket With much gnashing of teeth and cries of hypocrisy, the Methodist Board of Prohibition, Temperance and Public Morals shout that the Hoover administration, by financing the grape concentrate racket, is guilty of wholesale bootlegging. That is not news. For many months mo6t of the newspaper of the country have been pointing to this and other instances of official nullification. Why has it taken the professional drys so long to wake up? No informed person will dispute the dry charge that the administration's cubsldy of the home wine industry is hypocritical. Few will dispute the further charge of administration discrimination in protecting the large Vine Glo-Mabel Walker Willebrandt concern while raiding in New York its smaller competitor, the Vino Sano Wine Brick Company. But the professional drys are the one group in the country which have no right to blame the Hoover administration for hypocrisy and nullification, because the basis for this same hypocrisy and nullification was written into the prohibition law by these professional drys themselves. The Wiekersham commission's prohibition report —which these professional drys still inlst on calling a dry report, though the commission majority favored modification or repeal—had this to say about the law: "Undoubtedly the fixing of the alcoholic content of intoxicating liquor at one-half of 1 per cent went much beyond the facts and has been a source of resentment on the part of many men who have felt that the proviso of Section 29, apparently allowing home making of wine of much higher content while forbidding the making of beer, was an unfair discrimination. ... If that section (29), as construed, Is to stand, it probably would achieve most of what the advocates of legal making of light wines are seeking.” In other words, the professional drys who wrote the prohibition law did not ask and did not want complete prohibition. They made hard liquor and light beer, which were chiefly city beverages, illegal. But they preserved and protected the legality of the typical drinks of th rural so-called dry communities —hard cider and home-made wines. So all of these years the dry rural districts, while forcing prohibition on the wet cities, have gone on making and drinking their hard cider and intoxicating wine. For our part, we can not respect—much less approve—a prohibition law which openly nullifies the eighteenth amendment in the interest of cider and wine-drinking “drys.” Nor can we respect the sincerity of those professionals who wing at the farmers’ wine, but raid the wine "brick” shops in the city. Whatever the original intent of the early reformers, the prohibition laws were written in hypocrisy and have been enforced in hypocrisy. It is not possible to take the hypocrisy out of prohibition. When prohibition is repealed the country will be rid of its hypocrisy—but not until then.

Government Mines? Is the political battle cry “no government in business.” which resounded so loudly when our industries were riding the crest of prosperity, becoming obsolete? Some of the “rugged individualists’’ who complained the loudest against anything savoring of government regulation of business to protect the consumers and the workers now are appealing to the government to help them out of their difficulties, brought on by depression, greed and bad management. The latest to turn to an already harassed government is the bituminous coal industry, according to reports from Pittsburgh. Some of the biggest coal operators in the world now are ready to confess that the industry is not able to manage its own affairs, and to solicit government regulation of the mines as a public utility. A few years ago such suggestion would have been the rankest sort of heresy. The coal industry is demoralized, and conditions have been getting worse rather than better. Cutthroat competition, anti-labor prices, overproduction, use of coal substitutes and other factors have combined to wipe out dividends and thrown an army of miners out of work. Conditions among miners, who have been denied civil liberties and reduced to a starvation level, are a national disgrace and menace. It has seemed probable for some time that government intervention of some sort Anally would be necessary to end this chaos in a basic and essential Industry. We must have coal, and, after all, men idle through no fault of their own can not be permitted to starve. The problem is exceedingly difficult, as witnessed by the inability of ‘the best brains among business leaders to solve it. There are certain essentials, however, that admit of little argument. Miners required to supply the nation with the coal it needs must be guaranteed civil rights, paid decent wages and given continuous employment. Provision must be made for those miners whose work is not needed. They must be absorbed by other industries or otherwise enabled to earn a living. As for the government’s taking over the coal mines, this would involve the purchase of coal lands, and the operation of such mines as are needed, as some operators new suggest. This eventually may become necessary as a last resort. But if the coal barons think that, having made a failure of the business, they can dump the mess on the government’s doorstep and walk off with the public's dollars jingling In their pockets they are mistaken. Having been permitted to exploit a natural resource without hindrance for generations, and having brougho the industry to ruin, they can not now wash iheir hands of their troubles by saying to Uncle Sam, "Vw do it, after paying me off.’’ They have a very definite responsibility which they must shoulder in fairness to the public and to other industries, such as lumber and oil, which are seeking, ana have as much cause to seek, the help of the government. v Congress will be called upon to consider this among the many problems with which it will be confronted in December. Meantime it is well to remember that thousands of striking miners are literally on the verge of starvation and that whatever is done for the future will not help the struggle through the coming winter. Facts or Propaganda? We cheerfully should admit the propriety of French writers in availing themselves of the American press to set forth a point of view favorable to their country. By the same token, they should be

The Indianapolis Times (▲ SCBIPPB-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolla Times Publishing Cos 214-230 West Maryland Street. Indianapolla. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 centa a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents —delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON Editor President Business Manager * * PHONE— Riley AVil SATURDAY. ADG. 8. 1931. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Aasoelation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

pleasant when an American writer attempts to pick flaws in their doctrine. M. Andre Maurois writes in the Sunday New York Times on the differences between Frenchmen and other people, especially the Anglo-Saxon Britisher and American. He sets forth several points which he regards as characteristically French. Here is a little light in his dark corners. In the first place, says M. Maurois, the French worship written contracts. They can not conceive of a broken pledge. The Anglo-Saxon has no such conception of the sanctity of the written promise. On this basis M. Maurois points out how the French are aghast at the thought of breaking the sacred treaty of Versailles, the Dawes plan, the Young plan, and the like, by which France profits to the tune of many billions. But M. Maurois neglects to say anything about the written promise of the French to pay their war debts to the United States in full with interest. The French reverence for the written contract does not seeem to have prevented them from asking for a revolutionary alteration of this sacred written obligation. In the second place, the PVefior/rnan is less concerned with economic ap£cc of life than the British nation of shopkeepers and the money-mad Americans. It is doubtful if it is necessary to comment on this assertion. Enough Americans have been to France in the last fourteen years to be able to form their own opinions. Certainly, the French have not failed to be on their toes in regard to the war debts and any proposal to pare down reparations. Warming up to his subject, M. Maurois states the decisive characteristic of the French mentality. This is “the fear of war.” Going on, he says: “There is no greater silliness than to speak of a Frenchman as bellicose. The Frenchman, whether in civil or military life, remembers the war with horror. Successive invasions (1814, 1815, 1870, 1914) have created a national, anguished state of mind which is justifiable and inevitable.” This is a strange statement tp come from a man who must be reasonably acquainted with the facts of European history. It is no exaggeration to say that France has started more major European wars than all other European states combined. No other state has so gloried in the military tradition since Rome perished. Consider the wars of the Middle Ages, of Louis XII, of Francis I, of Louis XIV, of the first and third Napoleons. Come down to our own day. Was France "terrified ’ in 1870? Not at all. She rushed madly and merrily into war, crying "On to Berlin.” The army had plenty of maps of Germany, but few of France. Even the Old Tiger Clemenceau frankly admitted back in 1914: “In 1870 Napoleon 111, in a moment of folly, declared war on Germany without even having the excuse of military preparedness. No true Frenchman ever has hesitated to admit that the wrongs of • that day were committed by our side. Dearly have we paid for them.” Nor do the French leaders in 1914 seem to have been paralyzed with fear when they decided to enter the great conflict. On Aug. 1 at 1 a. m., hours before the first declaration of war by Germany, Izvolski, the Russian ambassador in Paris, telegraphed to his superior in St. Petersburg: The French minister of war diclosed to me with hearty high spirits that the French government ■firmly has decided upon war.” Earlier, when they had been compelled to choose between war and peace, Poincare and his associates had encouraged the Russians to proceed with their fatal general mobilization. France legitimately and proudly may boast of the glories of her wars, but her apologists make a sorry spectacle in trying to cast her in the role of the great historic pacifist of Europe.

The office sage wonders what they’re calling the cake eaters in the depression. “For crying out loud,” as the cops said, tossing a tear bomb in the rioting mob. In the financial crisis all Germany is hoping, of course, that reich will make right. An extra dab of cosmetics is all that most girls need nowadays to make up for lost sleep. Similie. As prominent in the day’s news as the backer of a trans-Atlantic flight. Its safer for the motorist to say thumbs down to hitch-hiking thumb jerkers, says the office sage. When :t comes to certain international conferences, the French, it seems, simply won’t “parley.” The wheat farmer, like some professional men, also can complain that his field is overcrowded.

Just Every Day Sense BY MRS, WALTER FERGUSON

SOMETIMES it seems as if too much were expected o{ w °men. There are innumerable duties to whose strict observance our attention is cited. And marriage augments them considerably. While men have certain large responsibilities to perform to fulfill the requirements of matrimony, women are burdened with a greater load of smali things. They must keep alive the tiny fire of a thousand small flames that go to make the great and enduring conflagration of marriage. And the things we must do, to be good mates, are as, nothing to those things which we must not do.’ A faithful wife can be a nagger and a destroyer of affection. A good homemaker can fail to make the proper response to love. A devoted person can become a millstone around the neck of her adored. A good manager may transform her men into dependent weaklings. There is one crucial test for the perfect wife, and that is the ability to step aside and leave a husband unhampered in his ambitions. a a a MORE men than we can guess abandon their dreams because of the women they have married. To succeed in any calling, a man must be able to depart in spirit from all sexual and heart hindrances. It is necessary, therefore, when some great work is to be done, that a husband should be able to put his wife completely out of his mind. Cruel as thfs may sound to women, it is the one important essential of masculine success. Dimly, in the background of consciousness, may stand the figure of the beloved, but actually, while deeds are being accomplished, there must be no clutching fingers of love to hold back the doer. If Wiley Post and Harold Gatty had been married to women who had not this ability to stand aside, the thrilling, globe-circling journey might never have been made. God and men expect many things of us, but surely the most difficult is that thedjneasure of our love for a man depends upon hot freely we let him go from us.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Curtailment of Production Is Justified When People Are Being Smothered to Death Beneath a Mountain of Their Oum Products. NEW YORK, Aug. B.—Wine bricks, with great publicity for the prohibition boss of New York, great advertising for the manufacturers, a great case for some lawyers and a great pother about nothing all around! Who takes it seriously? Who supposes that even King Solomon could find anything unconstitutional in a wine brick? It nullifies the Volstead act, of course, but don’t grapes, apples and corn? Some job to outlaw fermentation! * # Russian Trade Up DID you read the report on our export trade with Russia for June? Nearly $4,000,000 more than last year, which was a record breaker. Some people take tjiis to vindicate our refusal to recognize Russia. "Haven't lost anything by it,” they argue. But how about our trade with Chine, which showed a decrease of •VOO.OOO? Does that vindicate revolution, flood, famine, and cheap silver?

10-Cent Gasoline RUSSIA is reported to be offering gasoline to South American countries at about ip cents a gallon. You’ll hear this explained on the ground that Russia gets her oil for nothing, which isn't so. The chances are that oil is costing Russia more right now than it is costing American refiners. Even Communism would find difficulty in getting oil out of the ground for 50 cents a barrel. tt a a Watch Oil Rise GASOLINE should come down in this country, or oil should go up. Most people, though on the buying end, are fair enough to believe that oil should go up. This is because they haven’t received much benefit from its going down. Small producers, like small farmers, have been hard hit. Big speculators have made money out of it, and the public pays. You’ll see wheat go up. after it’s out of the farmers’ hands, and you’ll see oil rise when some of the big boys have filled their tanks. It all goes back to organization. The small fry is not organized. tt n a Curtailed Production BUT have patience. The small fry is learning. When a great corporation, like General Motors, or Henry Ford, finds it has oversupplied the market, it closes. Small people must do the same thing. That’s not taking advantage; it’s merely good common sense. Admitting that curtailment of production should be the last resort, it should not be avoided when people are being smothered to death beneath a mountain of their own products. * a a Adjustments in Order BECAUSE we have overproduction in certain lines at a certain period, no one should suppose that such a condition prevails in all lines, or that it is necessarily permanent for any. It is perfectly consistent to believe that the law of supply and demand can not be repealed, and still see the wisdom of trying to make temporary adjustments. That is what big business does, and that is what little business will have to do if it survives.

Peace Emergencies AS a matter of fact, progress calls for temporary adjustment all the time, some of which turns out to be permanent. The depression we are now in merely calls for more than usual. It is unfortunate that more people can’t see it that way, especially people in authority. We are up against an emergency, and it calls for emergency measures. The idea that we must either change everything, or do nothing, is all wrong. We are not on the horns of any such dilemma. We have demonstrated the power and adaptability of this government in war. Does any one suppose it won’t work equally well in meeting the emergencies of peace?

pic oaSt©' iIHeF

RUSSIAN MILITARY REPORT Aug. 8

ON Aug. 8, 1817, the causes of the military collapse in Russia were set forth in a report by Colonel Kolotkoff to the council of workmen’s and soldiers’ delegates. He placed the responsibility on the former policemen, gendarmes and spies of Emperor Nicholas at the front. The army on the west front, according to Kolotkoff, was in excellent fighting trim technically, and was beyond criticism as regards supplies. There was a plan to advance which might have led to the capture of Vilna, but spies of the autocracy started a counter-revolu-tionary campaign against the provisional government, the aim of which was to break up the army. Large numbers of spies managed to get elected to company committees and started a propaganda against war, inciting soldiers against officers and the provisional government’s commissaries. Germany took advantage of these conditions and flooded Russian trenches with spies in Russian uniforms. Many of these Germans spoke Russian so well that they sat at the officers’ mess without arousing suspicion. The result of all this was that as the attempt was started to recover Vilna, many soldiers, completely Germanized in sentiment, refused to participate in the attack. *

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Avoid Pastry, Candy Between Meals

This is the tenth of a series of twenty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies.’* dealing with such much discussed, but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. OUGARS are, of course, the most concentrated carbohydrates. Sugar is the chief fuel food. It represents about 19 per cent of the fuel that every one uses. If sugars or sweetened substances are taken previous to a meal, they tend to take away the appetite. Therfore, it is undesirable to eat candy or pastries between meals, whereas taken as a dessert, they have the particular value of making a meal seem especially satisfactory. It is reported that more than a billion dollars w*as spent for candy in the United States in 1926. The contrast in the sugar intake

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—l have been reading in your paper about that Tooley boy, who stole $2 worth of old tools and, because he did not run as soon as the judge gave the order, was given an eight-year sentence in the boys’ school. Just a poor boy who wore rags and' never had a chance to enjoy a few of the nice things in life, and no mother to help teach him right. t Now, on the other side, view our Governor’s son, a boy with his own mother and father and home, with all the comforts money can buy. The cost of one ash tray in the Governor’s home was more than was spent on the Tooley boy in a year for clothes or pleasure. Now the Governor’s son was with some boys who killed a poor working man and the shot that killed that man was stolen, or the boys said it was. And since our Governor is such a strong believer in upholding the law and will not show any mercy to a poor motherless boy, why not send his son and those other boys that shot and killed that man before this iron-jawed judge, and see if the judge is man enough to treat rich and poor alike. If I was Mr. Harry Leslie, I would try to be more kind, to some of these little boys and girls. He may not be the Governor of Indiana the next time his son’s friends take their target practice and his son might not get off so lucky. I am a woman with a family and know children very well and I have been reading your paper in years gone by, when it was known as the Sun, so you see I am not sweet 16, but I do love to see justice done every one. JUST A READER. Editor Times—The recent alleged attack made on an Indianapolis citizen, Ralph Surber, by one of our employes and servants, a policeman, is exemplary of the attitude of many other men, in every branch of our government, whom we hire to execute our will, not theirs, except inasmuch as their vote counts toward electing the legislators, who are supposed to include in our statutes all and nothing more than that which we dictate. This tyrannical attitude of which I speak is entirely unfitting and out of place in the minds of the men whom we hire. The government which we Americans have chosen was intended to be republican, not oligarchical. To an uninformed person, however, I presume our government would be mistaken for an oligarchy, so strikingly does it resemble that form. W. P. HARGITT. 2414 Station street. Editor Times—lt is deplorable that a Communist, Theodore Luesse, went too far in protesting against the eviction of a family and obstructed the law, for which he was given the inhuman sentence of one year to the penal farm and SSOO fine. These evictions are taking place in other parts of our country and are causing trouble. Should we read that they are occurring in Russia or in heathen lands where they .have not the gospel of Jesus, we would hear. of. protestations from our . pulpits, showing the difference between and other lands. Why should®rnot the ministers of ail denominations request that

Taking Off!

is emphasized by the fact that the average consumption per person per year was eleven pounds in 1825, as compared with 107 pounds in 1926. Although a person may live on a diet largely of vegetables, there is no combination of vegetables that will furnish enough protein to the body without giving too much carbohydrates or sugars, and without throwing special burdens on the digestive organs for handling these substances when these organs are not endowed by nature with the equipment to handle a one-sided diet. A high caloric diet is necessary particularly for those who want to gain weight rapidly, in people who are undernourished after chronic disease, such as tuberculosis and typhoid. Such diets must provide meals of moderate bulk, but of foods that are easily and readily digested, and w’hich will cause very little gastric disturbance. A high caloric diet in these mod-

Luesse should be released? His crime was not a heinous one! CHARLES H. KRAUSE SR. Editor Times—l am tired of being importuned over the radio and the press and the mails to patronize the independent store. While I have not a thing against the independent merchant and am for him morally, the fact remains that he conducts his business on an expensive basis and so if I trade with him I am forced to pay for delivery charges and credit, even though we do not desire either of these services. About 10 per cent is added for these and it is unfair to those who pay cash and carry. If the independent merchant wants to keep the cash-carry customers who are watching for bargains, it would be well for him to make some sort of arrangement so that they will not have to be burdened with the expense of services rendered “the other fellow.” BERNARD L. KOBEL. 251 Aughe street, Frankfort, Ind. Editor Times—lt was an arresting—a startling headline, stalking across the page of The Indianapolis News of Aug. 1, 1931. Thus it ran: “Grasshopper Relief Ordered by. Hoover.” Not only did it arrest and startle me, but it completely overpowered and took me into custody. Its effects were irresistible. After the moratorium to Germany —the relief to millions of unemployed, the rehabilitation of the farmer, the abolition of poverty and the annihilation of poorhouses, I was, of course, anxious to know what the President was about to do for the relief of needy and deserving grasshoppers. With a fast beating heart, I read on. From the body of the article I learned that the President, just before leaving for his Rapidan camp, had left an order with the agricultural department to co-operate with the state governments in the great work of “Grasshopper Relief.” The story of Lincoln with his own hand restoring to its parents the baby bird fallen from the nest thus is rivaled. The tales of. the good housewife, going from home on her vacation, leaving as her last words, orders to the servant to water the canary, or to the neighbors to be sure and feed the cat, touching as some of them may be, are rendered stale and commonplace—yes, trite as mother-in-law jokes—by this disclosure of Presidential solicitude for the humble and neglected grasshopper. If grasshoppers could vote, Kansas and Missouri would, of course, be irretrievably lost—yes, beyond hope of the mosu sanguine Democrat expectations. Ingenious vote-getters and manipulators some years ago, we learned through the newspapers, voted dogs and cats in Pennsylvania. Perhaps this grasshopper incident may be turned to similar account. Perhaps ways and means of persuading grasshoppers to vote the Republican ticket will be improvised and thus a big majority be rolled up for Hoover. Or is “grasshopper relief” part of the program now under way to “humanize” Hoover? THOMAS D. M’GEE. 3749 Central avenue. Editor Times —I was- very much interested in your recqnt editorial on “While Millions Suff MJ” and par-

ern times means from 3,000 to 4,500 calories, becauaa it is understood that a person requiring such a diet takes only moderate exercise. It must be remembered at the same time that calories are only one aspect of the diet. The diet must include a reasonable protein and fat content, as well as vitamins and mineral salts. Therefore, fats and sugars must be depended on primarily for the increased carbohydrates. Foods providing ■ these carbohydrates are drinks like chocolate, egg and milk shake; orangeade containing the whites of eggs; hot chocolate, rich vegetable soups, breakfast foods with a high content of meal, cream soups and whipped cream dressings on rich salads. Sometimes patients who have been unable to eat more than 1,200 calories a day on account of lack of appetite can learn to take 3,200 to 4,000 by the encouragement that comes from well-selected foods properly prepared.

ticularly the paragraph concerning the federal building program. The American Institute of Architects and the Associated Building Contractors of America vigorously have protested to President Hoover against the method being used by the treasury department in producing this $453,000,000 federal building program. It seems that Perry Heath is the one man in the United States most responsible for not pushing more vigorously this federal building program. He has at present more than 1,000 architectural draftsmen in the architectural department, and although the last session of congress passed a law enabling him to select outside architects to do this work, yet his policy has been in the past to keep as much of this work in his own department as possible. Naturally this builds up his department. It seems in a bureaucratic form of government that the larger the directors of these departments can make them, the more important they become. The architects feel that if these projects were distributed more generously throughout the country to the architects and if the federal government would quit competing with the architects, that a more satisfactory result would be obtained in this program. Considerable good could be gained by your newspaper investigating this condition in Washington and giving it wide publicity. MERRITT HARRISON. President Indiana Building Congress.

Daily Thought

For I the Lord love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering; and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant of them.—lsaiah 61:8. We neither know nor judge ourselves; God alone judges and knows us.—Wilkie Collins.

The Dietitians Say—- “ Eat more vegetables in summertime.” Fresh vegetables of all kinds are on the market in quantities, and at prices lower In general than have been obtained for many years. Our Washington bureau has ready for you anew and completely up-to-date bulletin on selection, preparation and cooking all sorts of vegetables in many attractive ways. You will be surprised at the appetizing dishes that can be made from some of the common vegetables that perhaps you have only heretofore prepared in one way. Fill out the coupon and send for this bulletin and add it to your collection of recipes. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 139, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin Vegetables and How to Prepare Them, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled, United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. • - Name St. and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

/AUG. 8, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Odds Are Against Inheriting Susceptibility to Cancer, Long Research of Pathologist Shows. WHETHER a person is susceptible to cancer is determined before he is born. This is the finding of Dr. Maud Slye, associate professor of pathology at the University of Chicago, who has spent the last twenty-three years working upon upon one problem, namely, the inheritability of cancer. Medical men frequently experiment with mice because in many respects the physiology of the mouse is very much like that of man. It also happens that the mouse is susceptible to many diseases which also attack man, for example, pneumonia and nephritis. Mice are also attacked by a form of cancer very similar to a form which occurs in man. It was this fact that led Dr. Slye, twenty-three years ago, to begin her experiments with mice. During this time. Dr. Slye has grown more than 100.000 mice, all the descendants of a few dozen original ancestors. She has kept adequate and careful life histories of all of these 100,000 mice, and in order to be certain of the cause of death, she has performed autopsies upon 98,000 of them. This elaborate and painstaking research by Dr. Slye, extending over more than two decades, is a splendid example of the way in which modem medical science conducts itself. Dr. Slye typifies the modem research worker, willing to devote the best years of her life to study of a single problem. B B tt

Gene Controls Fate A CCORDING to Dr. Slye, a single gene in one of the chromosomes of the germ-cell from which an individual develops, determines whether or not he is susceptible to cancer. It is important to note that she does not say that this determines whether a person will have cancer, but only whether he has a predisposition toward it. In other wrords, certain individuals, by heredity are immune to cancer. Others may, or may not develop it, depending upon circumstances, but they have a weakness in that direction. .As modem biology has shown, all animals, with the exception of the one-celled forms, begins life as the union of two germ-cells, an eggcell and a sperm-cell. In the nuclei of these cells are tiny rod-like structures called chromosomes. These are complex organizations of protein material. They have been called the "carriers of heredity,” because it has been established by many experiments that the characteristics of the individual are controlled by the particular set of chromosomes which go into his makeup. Many experiments, notably those with the fruit-fly, have shown that definite characteristics are located at definite points on the chromosomes. This has been established in particular by experiments in which X-rays were used to destroy parts of chromosomes. The individual points along the chromosome where the factors for various traits are located, are known as the genes. Thus, one gene controls the color of the eye, another the color of the hair, and so on. From her experiments, Dr. Slye believes that a single gene decides whether or not the person is susceptible to cancer.

Odds Are Favorable DR. SLYE’S findings are in many ways optimistic. For they show that the odds are against inheriting a susceptibility to cancer. She divides the mice into three classes namely, those which are immune to cancer, those in whom the tendency to cancer is a recessive characteristic, that is, those who themselves are immune, but are likely to transmit the gene of susceptibility to their offspring, and, finally, those in whom susceptibility is a dominant characteristic, that is, those who are themselves susceptible. There are six types of mating, depending upon to which class each of the two mice who mate belong. Three of the six combinations. Dr. Slye has found, result In 100 per cent cancer-free offspring. Another combination results in only 25 per cent cancer-susceptible offspring. It Is only the sixth type of union, in which both the mating mice are cancerous, that the offspring is 100 per cent cancer-susceptible. In her latest report, Dr. Slye traces the history of a strain of mice the original ancestors of which consisted of a cancer-free mouse and a cancer-susceptible mouse. There were nine offspring, none of which developed cancer. Susceptibility, however, was recessive in these nine, as was proved by the fact that some of their offspring did develop cancer. However, there were three times as many nonsusceptible as susceptible individuals in this third generation.