Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 71, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 August 1931 — Page 4

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* C* I PP J m M OW AJtJO

Taxpayer Emergency Faced by what he declared to be an “emergency for taxpayers,” one of the trustees of the state prison hits upon the very original scheme of reducing government costs by cutting the wages of the lower paid employes of the state. Particularly he wants to cut those who draw the magnificent sum of $l4O a month to $126. He would take $7.50 from the envelope of those who get SIOO. This particular trustee has an unbroken record, up to now, of never having taken any action that did not meet with the approval of the particular governor under whom he served. This proposal may be original with him. Or it may have originated with the Governor. That will develop later as public sentiment either makes popular or unpopular the proposal. A slash in wages at the prison would be followed by a similar cut among all the lower paid employes of the state. It may be true that the taxpayer is faced by an emergency, but wage cutting will increase, not decrease, his difficulties. It is probably true that some reductions could be made in the cost of government. It might be possible, for instance, to make some savings by limiting the amount of money spent at each meeting of the prison trustees. It would certainly have been possible to have saved some $30,000 on the cost of cleaning the statehouse, and the entire $64,000 which is being taken from the Governor’s “emergency fund” for the benefit of a Cincinnati firm might have been distributed among those who need money or have been saved entirely for the taxpayers. That bit of business or high finance, as you view it, cost the taxpayers more than would be saved at any single institution in a year by any wage cuts. The proposal to cut wages is only important as evidence of the lack of vision on the part of those who have money, who are not on bread lines, whose concern is in their pocketbooks instead of in their own particular bellies. They have not as yet reached that emergency of the. men whose labor earned the tax money in the prosperous years and who now find themselves living upon charity funds or on bread lines. For these the emergency is real and pressing. For these the problem is a chance to work. The one way in which these real tax earners can solve their emergency is to get work. The one way that they can get work is to increase the purchasing power of all the people so that the circle of industry and work will take the same swing as did the vicious one of unemployment and depression. The country is artificially deflated through unfair and inequitable distribution of the products of labor. The remedy lies in an artificial inflation on the basis of justice and humanity. Testing a Theory A year ago E. R. Squibbs & Son did what many other large industrial Arms are considering doing. It adopted the five-day work week, without cutting wages. The president of the firm has made his first report on results of the new policy. •*.... Curtailment to a five-day week effected greater efficiency in production. Theoretically the five-day week represents curtailment of the working hours of 9 per cent. or. stated differently, an increase in wages of 9 per cent, and hence it might be anticipated that labor costs of production would rise by this amount. "In large operations where we can maintain an actual check-up on efficiency it was found that production in the five-day week amounted to 9814 per cent of the production heretofore attained in five and one-half days, or that 7.5 per cent of the 9 per cent cut in working time was picked up in added efficiency of the five-day week. “During the last ten years production of volume in all departments has shown a constantly rising trend. During the same period, wages have been Increased and hours curtailed. Ten years ago working week was forty-nine hours; today we operate forty hours a week, a reduction of 18.3 per cent. “Production costs during this entire period have shown a constant decrease year by year, until today our company operates at the lowest cost per dollar of sales in its history." This comes within the category of expert evidence, entitled to special consideration. Seventeen Years After Seventeen years ago today the German government declared war on Russia, after waiting nearly two days for the Russian government to suspend the general mobilization Which the Russians well knew would provoke Germany to war. Now, after nearly two decades, the states of Europe are more anxiously engaged in trying to undo the evil effects of the war and the subsequent peace than at any time since Aug. 1, 1914. This may be a propitious moment to try to draw a few lessons that may be of help in charting our future. For two'generations before 1914. Europe had been riding for a fall, with no serious efforts to prevent the ultimate calamity. Unbridled partiotism, feelings of pridf and revenge, imperialism and trade struggles, competing colonial designs, tariff wars, alliances, secret treaties and vast armaments had transformed Europe into a great powder house which needed only a spark like the murder of Franz Ferdinand to set it off. Yet the war was not inevitable after the Sarajevo assassination. If Russia had not encouraged Serbian intrigues; If Germany had checked more carefully after June 28, 1914; if Austria had been with the occupation of Belgrade as a means

i

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of holding Serbia to her word; if France had not encouraged the fatal Russian mobilization; if Russia had not frustrated promising diplomatic negotiations by that mobilization; if Britain had warned France and Russia that she would not tolerate military aggression—if any one of these things had happened, the war might never have taken place. If all had happened, and they would if statesmanship had prevailed, there would most certainly have been no World war at the time. But there was no real statesmanship, and Europe partly strode and partly stumbled into the greatest misfortune which ever came to the human race. Some ten million persons were killed during the war and the total casualties amounted to 36,278,000 in killed and wounded. The monetary cost was estimated officially at $331,612,552,000. Writing shortly after the war was over, Professor Bogart said on this point: “The figures are both incomprehensible and appalling, yet even these do not take into account the effect of the war on life, human vitality, economic well-being, ethics, morality or other phases of human relationships and activities which have been disorganized and injured. “It is evident from the present disturbances Europe that the real costs can not be measured by the direct money outlays of the belligerents during the five years of its duration, but that the very breakdown of modern economic life may be the price exacted.” , Professor Bogart's words, we must admit sadly, are even more true and timely today than they were ten years ago. Where did all this carnage lead? Did it pay anybody involved? Austria-Hungary went down to ruin. Czarist Russia passed away, failing to obtain the coveted straits which were the real reason why Russia pushed Europe over the brink in 1914. France obtained Alsace-Lorraine, but there is now as much discontent with French rule in the lost provinces as over German dominion before 1914. Germany suffered appalling losses ir. every 'way, and Great Britain .probably never will recover her prewar prestige and prosperity. Only Serbia profited mightily, but forty million souls and three hundred billion dollars is a rather high price to pay for inflating this backward Yugoslav state. Historical scholarship has proved that our wartime convictions were sadly mistaken and misplaced. Instead of a burly Hun jumping on unsuspecting victims, we now know that the guilt was distributed among all nations. Under the circumstances which existed in 1914, Austria wished a local but not a general war; Serbia, France and Russia, a European war; Britain, Germany and Italy, no war at all; but were too selfish, incompetent or dilatory to prevent the crash. Likewise, even entente military historians have admitted that Germany, far from being the unique military octopus of Europe in 1914, was outnumbered hopelessiy on land and sea by her enemies. How about the ideals for which we poured out blood and money? Have the noble issues set forth by Mr. Wilson in 1917 and 1918 been realized? The war to end war and armaments failed to materialize. Last year the world spent $4,158,000,000 for armaments, $100,000,000 more than the year before. France and her allies have a military strength amounting to more than forty to one against their old enemies. No such military preponderance has been known since, Julius Caesar’s day. France still struts as a victor at a moment when good will is needed to save humanity. Nor was the world made safe for democracy. With plutocracy, Communism and Fascism in the saddle, democracy is in greater disrepute and jeopardy than at any other time since the revolutions of 1848. Nor have the rights of small nations and self-determina-tion fared much better. New peoples have passed under the yoke. The oppressed have become the oppressors, in Macedonia, Croatia, the south Tyrol and other places, freedom is in greater eclipse than among the repressed nationalities in the dual monarchy of 1914. World organization Is still a dream of the future. The League of Nations supports many fine humanitarian bureaus, but It never has bitten into a major international controversy in its decade of existence. The world court does not even handle the kind of cases likely to lead to war. Security, if there is any, still is procured by sheer military force or diplomatic duplicity. The peace of justice, proclaimed by Mr. Wilson, turned out to be one of the most vindictive settlements in human history, from the destructive results of which our alarmed leaders right now desperately are endeavoring to rescue the western world. Such are the fruits of the four years of carnage and the thirteen years of folly. There is little use of crying over spilled milk. But it is not too much to hope that a lesson, so terrible and so plain as this, can end policies designed to lead to a tragedy as great or greater than that which started seventeen years ago today. t Pennsylvania, by imposing a fine of $1 for people who thumb rides, has put the hitch in many a hitchhiker’s plans. The world conference on a means of aiding Germany again demonstrates that sense counts as much as dollars in arriving at a solution. “New Golf Ball to Be Dropped by U. S. G. A.,’ says a headline. On the verge of being bounced, as it were. An editorial writer has referred to Germany as the sick man of Europe. It has been ale-ing for some time. George Barnard Shaw got a great reception in Russia recently. One reason may be that he has whiskers. Another, that they are red. Willie Hoppe, billiard champ, has contracted to make a movie. You'll admire the “shots” in this film. Then there's the neurotic who claimed he was hit by a repression. The bigger the com crop, says the office sage, the better for the chiropodist. Some folks can’t keep their minds off motoring. Even in bathing they use inner tubes. “Thanks for tse add,” as the customer said to the waiter on receiving his check. —'" ■ - • A young man and a nation have different ways of reinforcing their fortunes: One juries and the other parries lor money. * V

T*5E INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

If Idle Men and Money Are Not Put to Work We'll Have Wage Cutting on a Widespread Scale. NEW YORK, Aug. I.—“ Let the gangsters shoot it out and kill each other off.” If I’ve heard one New Yorker say that, I’ve heard 100. It sounded all right until last Tuesday, when Michael Vaneghello was killed and four of his playmates wounded. It seems though that a little kid had to die for New York to get the right idea regarding gang rule. You can’t tolerate gunplay without the constant risk of hurting innocent bystanders, women and children included. asm Law and Horse Sense FIRST, Al, Capone says he is guilty and then he says he is not. According to law, this is merely taking advantage of form. According to horse sense, it is plain lying. You shouldn’t be too hard on Mr. Capone, however. He acted not only on the advice of counsel, but on the supposition that an “arrangement” had been made. a a a 1910 Farm Prices SECRETARY DOAK is right in declaring that since labor never has received a fair division of in- | come In this country, the argument j that wages should be cut because | the cost of living has fallen is un- | sound. The same thing could be said, | with even more propriety, with rej spect to farmers. According to a report just made public by the federal government, the index of farm prices stands at 79, compared with 111 at this time last year. That means that the farmer is getting only 71 cents for what brought one dollar twelve months ago. Asa general average, farm prices are about where they were in 1910. Farm values have gone down $lB,000,000 since the war. ■ u U tt 'Help’ Hasn’t Helped FARMERS have had a lot of help, but it hasn’t done any good, which is the important point. Incidentally, that is the important point about some of the things we are trying to do for other people. The passion for avoiding direct methods, lest they be regarded as doles, or subsidies, is proving a big handicap. Like war, this depression is an emergency. * We adopted a good many policies in the war that we had no idea of making permanent. Why not take a similar view regarding what should be done to meet the present situation? BUM Idle Money and Men ONE hears a deal of splendid conversation as to why wages should not be Cut or fann prices allowed to sag, but it’s a case for action, rather than words. You can’t sell goods without a market, you can’t maintain pay rolls without selling goods, and you can’t do either without keeping up public buying power. If something is not done to get the idle money and men in this country to work, we are going to have wage cutting on a widespread Scale and all the troubles that go with it. BUB One Dollar Oil Governor Murray of Oklahoma is right in announcing that if the big oil companies won’t agree to a reasonable price for “crude,” he will close down every well in the state. We are paying enough for gasoline to insure the producers a fair break. Governor Murray says that the price of “crude” ought to be $1 a barrel. Those who claim to know say he might compromise on 70 or 75 cents. Be that as it may, the price that has been forced on producers, and that would be maintained if some of the big companies had their way, is ridiculous. B B B Why Price-Boosting? WE are dealing not only with fear, but manipulation. One would have to be an optimist, indeed, to lay everything that is happening to general conditions. There has been price-boosting, as well as short selling. Why should cigarets be going up at this particular moment, with no rise in tobacco or wages to warrant it? Why shouldn’t flour be going down with wheat? To some extent, this continued blab about general conditions is in the nature of a smoke screen.

Questions and Answers

What are the chief industries of Morocco and Algeria? In Morocco agriculture and stock raising. The cereal crops include barley, wheat, maize, millet and beans, and other products are fruits, vegetables and a small amount of tobacco. There are nearly 20,000 acres of vineyards under cultivation. Algeria is also essentially an agricultural country. The principal products are cereals and wines. Olives are cultivated extensively and the production of olive oil is an important industry. Cotton, tobacco, flax, potatoes, beans and a great variety of fruit are also grown. What is the nationality and meaning of the name Gillespie? It is a Scotch and Irish family name meaning servant (gill) of a bishop (episcopos). How many patents have been granted in the United States? To Dec. 31, 1930, there had been 1,706,853 patents granted. When do crows mate? How old are the young birds when they can fly? Crows mate in April and May, laying from three to five eggs. The young hatch in about three weeks and learn to fly when they are about one month old. From what college was John D. Rockefeller Sr. graduated? He did not attend any ooilege. " _

BELIEVE IT or NOT

E,ERY PRESIDENT , Os THE UhUTED STATES ! =, I wwMnownDiCHkowii- P Pfl'T' - IT UAvJES A PILE OF m PICAYUNE, Hiss. WAS THE FIRST To 8E Van cadfandi Pavk.Ny Buried from it. • i© 1931, KjagFeatnrn Syndicate, Ice,, Great Britain rights reserved.

Following is the explanation of Ripley’s “Believe It or Not” which appeared in Friday’s Times: The Bull That Swam Forty Miles—Kelmscott Juggler, 51st, a prize bull of the Kelmscott herd *of dairy Shorthorns owned by

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Father Needs 3,000 Calories Daily

This is the fourth of a series of twen-ty-six timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Food Truths and Follies,”’ dealing: with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvgeia, the Health Magazine. 'T'HE diet of the average American family, including mother, father and three children, must supply a total of 3,000 calories a day for the father and perhaps lesser amounts for the mother and the children. It has been estimated that 10 per cent of the energy value is lost in preparation, so that the family has to purchase 3,500 calories to get from 3,000 to 3,200 calories each for adult consumption.

IT SEEMS TO ME

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE JULIUS KLEIN warned employers against wage cutting in an interview the other day. “Once we begin slashing at our standard of living,” said Mr. Klein, “then look out. Apart from strikes, the consumers’ morale is the thing we have to defend. “Let’s make sure that the slack is taken up everywhere else before we take the last great thrust at the nation’s buying power. It is the most serious thing we could do. That is our last trench, and if we are driven out of that there will be hell to pay.” B B B Killing to Cure IT seems to me this is sound advice. The trouble with us is that at the first signs of depression we immediately cut wages and lay off workers. The result is that, instead of remedying what might have been only a temporary sitaution, we create a stupendous problem for ourselves. A nation’s workers are its most important asset. Not only do we need them to keep the wheels of industry turning, but we need them to buy the commodities which they produce. They are, after all, in the majority. It is they, and not the handful of millionaires we boast, who are the important factor in bringing back prosperity. Recently an ad appeared in the help wanted columns of one of our papers. I don’t remember the exact wording. But the advertiser was looking for a young woman who had to be an efficient stenographer, able to take eighty words a minute, experienced, intelligent and willing to work hard—all for sl2 a week. Naturally those requirements would suggest someone a little above the average. It is an insult to any one’s intelligence to offer such a ridiculous remuneration. And yet I have no doubt that there were any number of stenographers eager to take the job. BUB How Can They Eat? THIS is just an example of an employer’s stupidity. Aside from the fact that he can not hope to expect faithful service under such conditions, he is only helping to prolong an impossible situation. The intelligent thing to do would be to raise rather than lower the standards of UVing among workers. In times of stress we are more apt to react psychologically to palaver, idle or otherwise, about hard times. It is most important, then, that workers be assured of economic se-

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything 1 depicted by him.

Robert W. Bobb & Sons, Kelmscott, Lechlade, Gloucestershire, England, was sold for export, and the boat on which he was being shipped was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland. The bull swam forty miles to shore, none the

In addition to selecting food to meet these needs, the one who purchases the food must consider its seasonableness, its cost at various seasons and other variable factors. It may be necessary to vary the amounts of food according to the season, with more fats and more carbohydrates during the winter and less during the summer when heatproducing foods are not so much required. This is especially true of fat meats, macaroni, rice and beans. Eggs and fresh fruits and vegetables are more easily available and more likely to be used in the summer than in the winter. Grapefruit used to be primarily a winter fruit, but now is available at all seasons. Canned goods, used in tremendous quantities by Americans, are avail-

curity if we would uphold the morale of our community. Our financiers may talk from now till doomsday about market fluctuations and the fact that prosperity is just around the comer. She has been around that corner for more than a year now. Apparently it is one of those concerns that lead to a blind alley. B B B Cause and Effect THE only solution is to provide work for the millions now unemployed. Depression may have been the primary cause of unemployment, but it now is just the reverse. We can not have any semblance of prosperity while thousands of people are unable to keep body and soul together, much less indulge in luxuries. And if we wait too long, it is possible that our standard of living will be lowered to a degree where it will be well-nigh impossible for us ever to .get out of the mire. For it is undeniably true that

KAISER’S PROCLAMATION August 1

ON Aug. 1, 1917, Emperor Wilhelm of Germany issued a proclamation to the Germany people as follows: “'nwee years of hard fighting are behind us. With grief we remember the dead, with pride our soldiers now fighting, with confidence all our workers, and with heavy heart those who are languishing in captivity; but, above all, cur thoughts stand resolute in the determination to prosecute this righteous war of defense to a successful termination. “The enemy is stretching out his hands to German territory, but he never shall have it. “New nations continue to enter the war against us, but that does not frighten us. we know our strength, and we are determined to make use of it. “Throughout the three years’ achievement, the mighty German people has become firm in its resistance against ail that the power of the enemy can conceive. If the enemy wishes to prolong the sufferings of war, they will weigh more heavly upon him than upon us. . . . Let all our actions and all our thoughts be devoted to this fight. Let this be our solemn promise of this day, Aug. l t 1912.”

f-c it Registered D. a. O J Fatent Office RIPLEY

worse for his experience, but on his second shipment to the Argentine the beat was torpedoed and he drowned. Monday—“ The Tennis Star Who Played 171 Games in Two Days.”

able throughout the year, so that a diet may be chosen satisfactorily from such foods at any season. Food may, of course, be cut down to provide for fuel. The amount of calories required by persons in various occupations have been estimated by experts in food and in nutrition. A child 1 year old requires almost 1,000 calories a day; 9 years of age, 2,000; 13 years of age, 3,000, and 16 years of age, 4,000. The average adult requires anywhere from 2,400 to 4,000 a day, depending on the amount of work that he may be doing. The best way to remember calory values is to associate them with an average portion of some common food. A sli ce of bread one-half inch thick and about six by three inches in dimension provides 100 calories.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

2?? can learn to do without the things which once seemed essential to ms happiness and well being He has gone on living without them for so long that hfe does not miss them any more. B B B Insidious Habits 'T'HERE is no driving urge to acA quire possessions or comforts once the habit has been formed to do without them. It is a well-known fact that there are many people today who could well afford to satisfy their most fantastic whims. Yet they go about in cheap, illfitting clothes, eat coarse food and deprive themselves of everything remotely resembling a luxury. And usually it is because they have worked hard all their lives to th °f? things. But the habits of a lifetime are too strong. And so it will be with our present generation of workers if we allow them to live too long in poverty. (Copyright, 1931. by The Times) How many states have compulsory automobile Insurance laws? Massachusetts is the only one. New York and about eleven other states have safety responsibility taws, which provide thafc persons convicted of major traffic offenses must post bond before being allowed to operate automobiles, and must assume the costs of all accidents for which they may be responsible.

The Dietitians Say—- “ Eat more vegetables in summertime.” Fresh vegetables of all kinds are on the market in quantities, and at prices lower in general than have been obtained for many years. Our Washington bureau has ready for you anew and completely up-to-dato bulletin on selection, preparation and cooking all sorts of vegetables in many attractive ways. You will be surprised at the appetizing dishes that can be made from some of the common vegetables that perhaps you have only heretofore prepared in one way. Fill out the coupon and send for this bulletin and add it to your collection of recipes. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 139, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin Vegetables and How to Prepare Them, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled. United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

I ° D, iioni exprewed *" *“* column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are prehont rtt £ tA t 0 ‘Lir agreement or disagreement Jrith the editorial attitude of this naner.—The Editor.

-'AUG. 1, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Wisconsin Swarn-p Shows Scientists Hoiv Bacteria Tumi Bogs to Peat, the Forerunner of Coal. FJ ACTERIA created the coal supply of the world. This fact, long suspected by geologists, has been confirmed by investigations now under way by a group of government scientists. The tendency in the public mind today is to associate bacteria with disease, and of course many dread diseases are caused by them. But it should be remembered that there are helpful as well as harmful bacteria. There are the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. for example, organisms which absorb the nitrogen of the air and convert it into nitrates which plants can utilize, thus restoring the fertility of the soil. Other bacteria cause decay. Such bacteria are harmful when they cause the spoilage of food. But if it were not for them, the wholeworld would be cluttered up witli the debris of dead plants and the bodies of dead animals. It is bacteria of the type which causes decay which are responsible for the world’s coal supply. To solve the riddle of the formation of the coal deposits, government scientists are studying a bog in Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, known as Hawk's Island swamp. They believe that the action! which is going on in the swamp today is essentially that which accounted for the formation of coal millions of years ago. u B a Swamps First THE general theory is that the coal beds of today began their existence as great wooded swamps. Gradually, with the pasage of time, tl)e swamps filed up with decaying' plants. In time, the decaying vegetable matter turned into peat. It is thought that with the passage of more time, these peat beds were buried under accumulations o£ sand and clay and that the final transformation into coal was aided by the pressure of these upper layers upon the peat. There are many swamps in thei w °rld today in which peat is in the process of formation. Hawk Island Swamp is one of them. That is why the scientists turned to it. Progress of the investigation was detailed in a paper prepared for the American Chemical Society by Reinhardt Thiessen and R. C. Johnson of the United States Bureau of Mines. Thiessen and Johnson examined samples of peat taken from various depths in the Hawk Island Swamp. They report that they found active bacteria at all depths. They made cultures of these bacteria and found that they thrive on, sawdust, shavings, cellulose and 1 other plant materials. They have come to the conclusion that these bacteria are responsible for the changes which convert the decaying vegetable matter into peat and for other changes which continue to take place in the peat. They have termed these further! changes “humifications.” They adopted the word to describe the nature of the chemical change which they find going on in the peat bog. B B B Change Is Traced ONE of the chief constituents of i 1 plants is a substance called lignin, which composes the woody fibers. Lignin is a complex carbohydrate, that is a combination of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Another important constituent is cellulose. The walls of plant cells are composed of cellulose. Now samples of peat taken up near the surface of the swamp aro samples which formed recently, whereas samples dug at considerable depth represent old formations. Thiessen and Johnson find that the young samples of peat contain large amounts of lignin and cellulose and small amounts of another carbohydrate called humin. On the other hand, old samples contain little lignin and cellulose, but large amounts of humin. They believe therefore that the' chief action of the bacteria is to disintegrate the lignin and cellulose nnd convert it into humin. This is the reason they speak of the process of humification. It is a known fact that whatever the process is by which coal is formed, it is a process by which oxygen and hydrogen is decreased ond the percentage of carbon increased as a result of the removal of these other two elements. The chemical nature of coal ia complex. There is some free carbon, but most of it present is combined' with hydrogen and hydrocarbons. In addition there are still moro complex compounds present containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. The mineral matter in coaß includes lime, gypsum, pyrites, silica, magnesia, potash and soda.

Daily Thought

They are all plain to him that nnderstandeth, and right to them that find knowledge.-—Proverbs 8:9. What we do not understand wa do not possess.—Goethe.