Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 70, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 July 1931 — Page 4

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Government by Gangland Did Capone compromise with the government or the government compromise with Capone? De we have government by gangsters or gangsters under government? AI Capone, listed as the head of the moiA ruthless of killers, the biggest of bootleggers, the most daring of gunmen, appeared before a federal judge in Chicago under his plea of guilt to five thousand liquor violations and cheating on income taxes. He rebels because the judge refuses to carry out a bargain made with cabinet officers. His lawyer said that it had been agreed that Capone would plead guilty and, in return, obtain a light sentence. He would spend a few months in a federal prison, pay a small fine, and then be legally free from punishment for the vast numbers of crimes for which he is held responsible. He would also be very rieh. This confession of futility or worse on the part of the government should direct attention to present condition.s as they prevail under Volsteadism. In the old days Capone would have been treated as the hoodlum he is. He could not have even started on the path to wealth which is now his. He would have no millions made by crime with which to flaunt his power over prosecutors and cabinet members. It is just such bargains, made in all too many courts, that have made a farce of law. The same sort of bargains are made in this city. They are made at times with all those criminals wijo profit by their wholesale violations of law and who get rich enough to desire security, safety and the. “respectability" that comes from mere possession of money. The praise of this nation should go to Judge Wilkerson of Chicago, who refused to ratify the bargain. That required courage. It required also a fine appreciation of what a judge should be. One bargain by a “pure” government with crime and corruption is stopped.

Still a Horrible Example The trustees of the Michigan City penitentiary are protecting Indiana in its bad eminence as a place benighted and brutal in its handling of prison problems. The trustees, at their monthly meeting, decided that the criticism of the Wickersham committee on its methods and viewpoint would be ignored. They privately decided to become a little more benighted, if possible, and perhaps a little more brutal in their treatment of the unfortunates who plead for mercy. A plea for a parole and a pardon has come to ■mean that a prisoner who has shown a desire to reform must run the gamut of sarcasm, preachments and taunts before a vaudeville audience and then be turned down. Perhaps the next legislature will change the system. Certainly the next Governor, no matter who he is, will change the trustees. Soap Boxers We would like to call the attention of Messrs. Ham Fish, Matthew Woll and others to the fact that some very radical talk is going about the world these days. For instance: “Unless drastic measures are taken to save it, the capitalist system throughout the civilized world will be wrecked within a year. I should like this prediction to be filed for future reference.”—Montagu Collet Norman, governor of the Bank of England.

Labor’s Share The action of the United States Steel Corporation In setting itself against a general wage reduction is thrown into strong relief by the report of the bureau of labor statistics for June. This report reveals extensive pay cuts in American industry since June of last year. While the number of employes was reduced by 15.6 per cent, the total of wages paid was reduced by 25.7 per cent. Obviously the cutting of wages has been proceeding even faster than the discharge of employes. As encouraging, perhaps, as the stand of the steel corporation is the persistent protest coming from the White House against wage reductions. From an otherwise none too liberal administration this is particularly heartening. We said Thursday that a good deal of hard thinking has been going on in this country since the collapse of 1929. The latest utterance of a cabinet member indicates that some of this thinking is being done within the President’s intimate circle. Secretary of Labor Doak, interviewed by the United Press Thursday, said: “The argument is made that the cost of living has fallen and that real wages therefore have increased. The argument might apply if we had ever in this country applied a fair division of income to labor. But there is more to the question of wages than what a man can eat and what he needs to clothe himself. Labor Is entitled to more than a bare subsistence. The employe's productivity has increased many fold. He is entitled to retain a portion of the gains thus made. It should not all go to the profit of industry.” Another Burial? On May 27, last, the Wickersham commission submitted its report on deportations to the White House. The report, prepared by Attorney Reuben Oppenheimer of Baltimore, was known to contain outspoken criticism of deportation methods used by immigration men. It charged that in some cases illegal raids were conducted in the name of the law. It suggested a remedy through the creation of a separate court which could hear appeals from Secretary Doak s decisions on deportations. Chairman Wickersham in a recent speech before the Boston Chamber of Commerce referred to this report and to the field of its study. He said the commission found this field to be one “in which there was much maladministration and great disregard for the fundamental rights of all persons, including even aliens, secured by the Constitution of the United States.” Secretary Doak saw' the report before it was submitted. He penned a fifty-seven-page letter to the commission calling the author of the report to account and denying the Oppenheimer charges. Strangely this much-mooted and important document so far has failed to see the light. It was numbered report five of the Wickersham crime series. Since it was sent to the White House three other and later reports have emerged and two more will be issued soon. Doak says he knows nothing about its whereabouts. The White House says it has not yet come from the printer. In view of the fact that this is the only Wickersham report to criticise one of the Hoover cabinet the questions are pertinent: Is the Oppenheimer deportation report being “toned down,” as it was charged the Wickersham prohibition report was toned? JDr is it being entirely buried as was the Sfernreport on the Mooney-BUlings trials?

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPrS-HOWABD XEWSPAPEB) Owned end published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. ■214-22 fl West Maryland Street. Indianapolla, Ind. Price in Marlon County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. EOT W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE —R!ly 51 FRIDAY, JULY 31, 1931. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

To End Economic War Liberal thinkers the world over are coming more and more to regard tariff barriers between countries as an active source of international ill will; more than that, as a pernicious interference with the natural operation of economic laws that might make for world-wide prosperity. They foresee a day when these barriers will have to be brought down, difficult though that job may be. Newton D. Baker, in a speech opening the annual institute of politics at Williamstown, Mass., Thursday offered a plan whereby this desirable object might be achieved. Recognizing the tremendous obstacles, political and economic, that must be surmounted, he laid his proposal before the meeting for such consideration as it might receive. It is to be hoped the members of the institute will not iail to take it up in earnest; it is a subject that can be discussed profitably by statesmen and industrialists of every country. Briefly, Baker proposes an international conference which, would accept the present tariff legislation of each country as representing that country’s policy toward all other countries. This conference could tnen recommend horizontal reductions to be put in effect by all countries. These reauctions would go into effect simultaneously, at stated periods during the coming years, time being allowed to permit each country :o make necessary readjustments in its industrial organization. The relative situation of all countries, Baker argued, would thus De preserved, while each country would keep its independent control of its own economic policy. The formef war secretary has presented an interesting scheme for reducing, if not eliminating, economic warfare between nations. Is there a flaw in his plan? As we frequently have pointed out, the tariff is not an academic question;, the Hoover-Hawley-Smoot tariff law has brought it home to every American citizen. For that reason this newspaper will welcome discussion by its readerl of Baker’s proposal.

Marriage and Bad Times The census bureau tells us that the decrease in number of marriages last year probably was due to the depression. It doesn’t attempt to explain the decrease in number of divorces, but it may be that this, as well, has come about as a result of hard times. During the last year or so, most wives have been busier than they have been for some time. Many of them have had to go out and hunt jobs to replace their husbands’ lost ones. Others have had to spend so much time cutting down the budget and making over last year’s clothes that there has been little time in which to sigh wistfully over the romantic charm of a movie star, or to read novels in which the men always manage to be more soulful and understanding than one’s own husband. And so there has been less discontent —and fewer divorces. This is not intended to argue that poverty and hardship aw essentials of contented marriage. Too much work and worry can break as many homes as too much idleness. But during this year of very practical endeavor, a good many women may discover the tonic effect of p sufficiently absorbing occupation upon the health, the disposition, and the married happiness. “ r Farmers Are Thinking “Asa matter of fact, the farmer is becoming convinced that the centralization of wealth in too few hands really is what is the matter with the economic horizon, and why that horizon is closing in on him, and on, labor and the merchants and independent bankers and small fry generally, so closely that they can not see any future ahead in any direction.” Who says this 0 Arthur Capper, the senator from Kansas, says it. And, being as familiar with the mid-western farmer as he is, Capper should know. What would the farmers do about this toft great centralization of wealth? Capper says: “In all the farming states the agitation is on for income taxfes. It will be followed logically by a demand for larger and larger inheritance taxes to break up the centralization of wealth and power in too few hands.” Several Hollywood stars are reported writing novels. As far as we are concerned, this is a more effective way than the talkies of making themselves heard. Says Amelia Earhart: “Women who might make good mechanics are shunted into cooking.” From nuts to soup, as it were. The proper method of prune culture is being shown in a government film. Makeup men instinctively will eradicate the wrinkles. A California scientist is exploring a volcano by airplane. Intent, of course, upon making bigger and crater discoveries. Once upon a time New York cops used to swing night sticks: now some of them get protection from night clubs. x Gangster “types” are sought in Hollywood. It would be easy for them, of course, to “break” into the movies. * A superfluous American gesture is the habit of presenting distinguished visitors “keys” to our cities. Most of them are wide open, anyhow. Paderewski is said to have the muscles of a prize fighter. And, like most heavyweights, he’s got a light touch, too. When Eugene O’Neill returned from Europe he made a very dramatic arrival. Six of his trunks were filled with the manuscript of one play. The Paris to Tokio plane is called the Hyphen because, perhaps, it is Just the thing in which to make a dash. How women manage to prepare meals so quickly is most uncanny. Getting a rise out of the boss, says the office sage, ts not quite the same as getting a raise. Recommended for thumb twiddlers: Hitch-hiking, nibs contests. Anyway, it should make a garage man feel good to think he tanks up bvery day. Musical powder boxes are be in vogue. IP tone tip the complexion, probably. *

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

If An Individual Makes Bombs We Call it Crime. If a Nation Does So, We Call it Patriotism. NEW YORK, July 31.—Just a little matter of 49 hours and 17 minutes from New York to Constant tinople, not for ordinary folks, maybe, but for expert fliers in a firstclass plane. Ten years ago. such a Ifcat was regarded as improbable. Thirty years ago, you couldn't get anybody to argue about it as even possible. Right now, we are as certain of nothing as that it will be eclipsed >efore very long. Lieutenant Williams looks for airplanes to be making 400 miles an hour within another twelve months. Engineers feel that 600 miles an hour is just around the corner. Small winder that scientists are turning to the ■ rocket as offering them one chance of doing something spectacular.

Crime and Patriotism IT already is being predicted that the next war will see bombs dropped by rockets, instead of airplanes. That reminds you that we face some problems which can't be solved by speed. If an individual makes bombs, much less diabolical machines with which to drop them, we call it crime. If a nation does so, we call it patriotism. b tt a Traffic’s Toil NEW YORK is all excited, and rightly so, because five children were shot —one of them fatally—for no other reason than that, they happened to be in the line of fire between two rival gangs. A thousand times as many children are crushed to death in this country each year for no other reason than that they happen to be in the way of autos, but no one gets excited. For the moment, our passion is speed. We're just bound to go faster, whether on land or in the air. Auto manufacturers promise cars that wil go safely and comfortably at seventy-five miles an hour, and every one is happy. More women and children will be killed, of course, but what of that? B B tt Toll Can Be Cut MUCH of the hazard in connection with speed can be elimii nated, as is proved by the railroad record. Railroads kill and injure surprisingly few people compared to the number they did twenty-five years ago. Trained men and safety campaigns have had much to do with this improvement, but the elimination of grade crossings and installation of block signal systems have had more.

Work for Jobless OVERHEAD footways, or underpasses at congested, street intersections would do a lot to make fast cars safer, and we have five or six millions people out of work in this country. If a human life is worth $5,000, there are many cities where elevated streets would pay for themselves within ten years. If we’re as honestly interested in safeguarding life as we pretend, without slowing down, we could find plenty for the unemployed to do. The trouble is that we want seven-ty-five-mile-an-hour cars without building seventy-five-mile-an-hour highways. a a a Gangsters Copy ANOTHER trouble is that we want an adequate supply of machine guns for war without racketeers getting wise to their effectiveness, and want quite a little racketeering permitted in so-called respectable business, without gangsters copying it. The thing can't be done. We're all creatures of habit and influenced by example, sticklers for convention and respecting no law more enthusiastically than the tribal law. a a a Al Waited Too Long IF Al Capone hadn’t messed up his income tax returns the chances are that he wouldn't be in the jam he is. Al made the mistake of not getting a good lawyer soon enough. Even his plea of . guilty didn’t bring what was expected. It came too late and after too much publicity. Judge Wilkerson simply couldn’t stomach the idea of letting the lawyers decide what sentence he should impose. When Al heard that, he stopped chewing gum and concluded to withdraw his plea of guilty and take chance with a trial.

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BRITISH WAR REVIEW July 31

ON July 31, 1917, General Sir William Robertson, chief of the British imperial genera; staff, reviewed the previous three years of the war. He summed up the situation, in part, as follows: “What is the position today? We are far north and facing north. We no longer have our backs to the Germans, and we are millions where before we were thousands . . . our guns are hammering them now as they never have been hammered before. “Do not let us underrate the Germans because their cause is bad, because they are guilty of provoking war, and because their material resources are less than ours. The whole German nation is as disciplined as an army. Germans have discipline in their blood. . . . “What could be more magnificent than the spectacle which America now presents to mankind? It is not for me even to pronounce an opinion on America’s preparations, but I should say that throughout the world freedom breathes more freely and democracy is more confident for the mere spectacle of that vast nation imposing upon itself the restraints and rigors of discipline.”

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Man Eats 1,400 Times His Weight

TbN is the third cf a series of twenty-six-timely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “F.ood Truth and Follies," dealins: with such much discussed but little known subjects as calories, vitamins, minerals, digestion and balanced diet. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IN seventy years, which is the life expectancy of human beings, according to Biblical text, man eats 1,400 times his body weight. The average life expectancy of man, according to our most recent statistics is approximately 55 years. If a man lives to be 70 years of age, his intake will have included 12,000 loaves of bread, averaging one pound each; 4,000 pounds of fat; 8,000 pounds of meat, which can be divided into three oxen, four calves, eight hogs, four sheep, 300 chickens, 75 geese and . 100 squabs. According to an analysis made by a distinguished German, statistics

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—ln a late issue of your paper, you have an editorial as to the best way to dispose of the whisky business and, if I understood, your position was to make it public. I have been advocating the idea of putting it on the market in a lawful manner at cost for fifty years, the cost to be so that it barely would pay for the making, every one getting it at the same price. It is the profit that the bootlegger is working for at the present time. Let it be made by the government and sold by the government, and the right to purchase it belongs to each and every individual alike, high and low, poor or rich, all walk up to the same place and pay the same price. It seems to me since whisky must

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

What kind of a government has Liberia and what is the official language of. the country? _ Liberia is a republic modeled after that of the United States. The head of the government is the president. The official langauge is English. Is the former King Alfonso XIII of Spain, a Roman Catholic? Yes. How many libraries are there in the United States and how many persons use them? Do all parts of the country have library facilities? There are about six thousand public libraries, with approximately 50,000,000 readers. It is estimated, however, that 5 per cent of the urban population and 32 per cent of the rural population live in areas which have no public libraries. Which states lead in the production of white potatoes? Maine, Idaho, New York, Pennsylvania and Minnesota.

THEY TELL ME

BY BEN STERN PAUSING for a moment in their effort to stop Paul V. McNutt for Governor, the insurgents in the Democratic party are turning their attention to the state chairmanship, in an effort to oust R. Earl Peters, the incumbent. And when these boys turn their attention to something, they turn it with a vengeance. Names of mere potential state chairmen are heard from them in one minute than there are applicants on the patronage waiting lists. At present but four are worthy of more than casual consideration. They are two publishers, John De Prez of Shelbyville and State Senator Walter S. Chambers of Newcastle; Arthur Hamrick, three times Democratic nominee for secretary of state and a candidate for the nomination last year, and Lee Bays, Second district chairman and member of the state boxing commission. The Shelbyville publisher is one of the most popular’Democrats in the state. His ability is unquestioned and his friends will rally to his support. a a a Chambers has served as state chairman and was Democratic floor leader in the senate last session. His work in this latter capacity escaped criticise# or comment because of his continued absences. During the_ closing days of the ses-

The Stowaway

for diet should also include 12,000 large fish and 3.000 sardines and herring; 10,000 pounds of potatoes and 12,000 pounds of other vegetables; 14,000 pounds of fruits; 6,000 quarts of milk; 12,000 quarts of coffee; 1,000 pounds of salt; 5,000 eggs, 2,000 pounds of cheese and 10.000 quarts of water. If he happens to be a German, he will have taken 8,000 pounds of sugar; but if he happens to be an American, he will have consumed nearly 40,000 pounds. If he is a German, he will have imbibed 15,000 quarts of beer. If he is a smoker, he would have added 40,000 cigars or somewhere between 100,000 to 200,000 cigarets to the material that has passed into his interior. In addition, his diet will have included such extra delicacies as candies, wines, liqueurs, soft drinks and orange juice, and what-not. The average man weighs 154

be used wrongfully, that it is adding another wrong when it is made a revenue maker. It looks to me like selling the lives of our citizens for a few pennies so that a few might profit at the expense of the many. I am no prohibitionist and never was, but it does seem to me that anything that in itself is wrong should not be made a revenue producer. I would include all narcotics in this list. JOHN E. BAYLESS. Editor Times—'While I am out of regular employment and can not take your paper steady, I take it as often as possible, because it is the only paper in town that will hold up for the poor man and his welfare.

What were the actual expenditures of the United States government for all purposes for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930? $3,094,152,487. Is a violin the oldest stringed instrument? The lyre and the harp as well as other stringed instruments antedate the violin. What is the diameter of the earth? The mean diameter is 7,917.5 miles. Why are horses entered only once in the Kentucky Derby? The race is for 3-year-olds only, and, therefore, no horse is eligible more than once. Is Lake Michigan the largest lake in the United States? It is the largest lake entirely within the boundaries of the United States. It is about 355 miles long and nearly ninety miles wide at its

sion it appeared that he could tie j the Republican opposition into knots, but he didn't do it, and on; the whole showed nothing phe-1 ncmenal. Bays came within one vote of being elected state chairman last i year. It was a close call for Peters, j who, however, since has been loud i in his praise of the co-operation at-. forded by Bays in the 1930 campaign. Intimate friends of the boxing commissioner say he will not seek the post. ana Hamrick does not deny or affirm he is a contender for state chairman. He sits in his downtown office while the score, or more adherents who have stuck to him through every campaign are as busy as bees gathering honey in garnering rumors, both true and false, ! which they bring to him for inspection. He has not allied himself closely j with either the Peters-McNutt nor South Bend-Mayr groups, but frequently is seen in conference with the secretary of state, Frank Mayr Jr., or his secretary, Robert Codd. There is the field. You can take your choice. But as the set-up is today, lay your dough on Peters, who has been received with tumultuous acclaim at: meetings staged by his opposition. , The pari-mutuel betting window will be open in a minute 4 1

pounds, which can be divided into 66 pounds of muscle,*29.2 of interior organs, 27.2 pounds of skin and fat, 26.8 pounds of bone and 3.3 pounds of brain. However, the scientific physician is not likely to consider foqfl in the light of muscle, bone, fat and brain. Rather, he is likely to be concerned with proteins, carbohydrates and fats. As distributed among the main body constituents, there a?e 99 pounds of water, 30.3 pounds of protein, 15.4 pounds of fat, 7.7 pounds of minerals and 1.5 pounds of carbohydrates. We eat to supply ourselves with these body elements and to develop the energy used in our bodily activities. We eat also for health and for growth. Hence it is that a certain amount of knowledge is necessary in order to select a diet that will meet all these necessities.

I have been reading closely this dizzy affair down at Princeton, Ind., and think it is just another case of personal revenge on what' y6u might call a baby. Take, for instance, these petitions for the release of a well-known prisoner at Michigan City, bearing 100,000 names. I say that man knew better, but this lad of 13 gets an eight-year prison sentence for almost nothing. Try,, and get someone interested in his case enough to ask for and secure this judge’s impeachment and this boy’s sentence reduced to a sensible term. I agree very much with what E. W. Capper says in your paper of July 24. HARRY A. KOBEL.

broadest part. The area is about 22,500 square miles. Is Will Rogers, the humorist, a Mason? He is a thirty-third degree Mason. Does Babe Ruth bat left or righthanded? Left-handed. Why is Michigan called the ‘ Wolverine” state? On account of the prevalence of those animals in that region In the early days of its settlement. What is the meaning and origin of Baraca? It is from the Hebrew word Beracah in TI Chronicles, 20:26, and means blessing. The Baraca men’s Bible classes were started in Syracuse, N. Y., Oct. 20, 1890, and now number more than 10,000 in all parts of the country. • What is the name and address of the president of the United States Steel Corporation? James E. Farrell. His office address is 71 Broadway, New York. What horse finished second in the Kentucky Derby in 1920? Upset finished second to Paul Jones.

The Dietitians Say—- “ Eat more vegetables in summertime.” Fresh vegetables of all kinds are on the market in quantities, and at prices lower In general than have been obtained for many years. Our Washington bureau has reaxly for you anew and completely up-to-date bulletin on selection, preparation and cooking all sorts of vegetables in many attractive ways. You will be surprised at the appetizing dishes that can be made from some of the common vegetables that perhaps you have only heretofore prepared in one way. Fill out the coupon and send for this bulletin and add it to your collection of recipes. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 139, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin Vegetables and How to Prepare Them, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled. United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No. .. City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

JULY 31, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

The Whole Older Region of the Sun's Atmosphere Is Believed to Be Floating on Sunbeams. FLOATING oo a sunbeam, long a phrase of poetic fancy, has become one of scientific reality, accoiding to Prof. A. S. Eddington, famous astronomer of Cambridge, England. According to Professor Eddington, the whole outer region of the sun’s atmosphere literally is floating on sunbeams. The outer portion of the sun, when examined with proper astronomical instruments, Ts seen to consist of a number of layers. First of all, there is the so-called surface of the sun, from which the light of the sun comes. But it must be remembered that this surface is gaseous. In fact, there is every reason to believe that the sun is gaseous to its very center. The surface of the sun is calied the photosphere. Above the photosphere is a layer of slightly cooler gases known as the reversing layer. Above it is a third layer known as the chromosphere. This consists chiefly of hydrogen and helium and certain other gases which are in an electrified or ironized condition. From the chromosphere arise great tongues of streamers of gaseous material. These flaming tongues, for they have a temperature cf about 6,000 degrees, sometimes reach a height of 80,000 miles, ten times the diameter of our earth.

Pound of Light IT is the chromosphere, which, in the opinion of Eddington, is floating on sunbeams. In addition, he believes that the violent motion of the solar prominences is due to the push of sunbeams. Eddingtn’s view is based upon the most recent findings concerning the nature of light. Experiments have shown that light exerts pressure. It is possible with delicate measuring devices to measure the push exerted by a beam of light. The fact that light exerts pressure means that light possesses weight or mass. Prof. Eddington says that there is no reason why one should not pay for his electric light by the pound. However, a pound of light would be a bit expensive because it would take a vast amount of light to exert a pressure equal to a pound. Eddington calculates that at present rates for electricity, a pound of light would cost $50,000,000. However, the amount of light pouring out of the sun is gigantic. And Prof. Eddington believes that it exerts so great a pressure that the light gases of the chromosphere are gases which have been swept up from the photosphere or surface of the sun by the great outward rush of light waves. • This force exerted by the outward rush of light is known technically as radiation pressure. B B B Range RADIATION pressure, according to Eddington’s views, plays an important part not only in the sun, but in all the stars. It should be remembered that our sun and the stars are very much alike. Our sun is a star, or, to put it the other way, every star is a sun. The sun and most stars are believed to be great globes of gaseous material. They continue to exist, according to Eddington’s view, because they are in a state of equilibrium. The gravitational pull of the star upon the material composing it tends to contract the star. If this was the only influence at work, the star would collapse. On the other hand, radiation pressure delivers an outward thrust. If it were the only influence at work, the star would explode and be blown to pieces. The reason the star stays In existence is due to the fact that radiation pressure balances gravitational pull. A significant fact which tends to support Eddington’s theory is that all stars have approximately the same mass or amount of material in them. The range seems to be from onetenth the mass of the sun to ten times its mass. Eddington believes that stars below this range would collapse while stars above it would explode. Hence stars do not exist within the range.

Daily Thought

So long as lust smells sweet in our nostrils, so long we are loathsome to God.—Colton. There is no speech nor language where the voice is not heard— Psalms 19:3. The voice of the people is the voice of God —Hesiod. Have coffee grounds and tea leaves any value as a fertilizer? NO. What Presidents of the United States belonged to the Masonic order? Washington, Jackson, Polk, Buchanan, Johnson, Garfield, McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft and Harding. Fillmore was a Mason at one time, but •ecanted.