Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 65, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 July 1931 — Page 4

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Bringing Prosperity The one cure for unemployment is work. The one way to give work to the workless is to free industry from any handicap that makes it unprofitable. Under thb formula, the sincere groups of citizen* who are opposing bringing of natural gas to the factories of this city may find that they have been misled and change their opposition to one of welcome. The position is based upon the theory that the use of natural gas by the various Industries may in some way interfere with municipal ownership of the gas supply. There is every reason to believe that the opposite is true and that the constant threat of a natural gas supply may soften some of the efforts being made by very greedy interests to prevent the city from owning that utility. The appeal of the manufacturers of this city for permission to obtain a supply of natural gas is based upon self-preservation. The owners of these factories can thrive only as the city thrives. They can exist only as they can meet competition with similar factories in otheff cities. These industrialists say that they are handi* capped by a lack of natural gas which permits their competitors to undersell them. That means less employment in Indianapolis and an economic loss. These men, who are surely not public enemies, state that the gas which they wish does not compete with coal, but with higher priced oil as a fuel and is essential to their prosperity. The fight against the natural gas proposal is {really waged by the very Interests that have tried and are still trying to prevent municipal ownership In this city. The large utility interests axe afraid of public ownership. It would disclose their vast profits and probably result In rate reductions in other cities. It is for that reason that one of these gas combines bought the bonds of the old Indianapolis company, under lease to the Citizens company. It is for that reason that another bought at a high price the majority stock Interest in the Citizens company and that both are working together to bring new suits in the court to delay and prevent the people from taking over the local distributing company. Indianapolis is being made the football of high finance. The local factory owners believe that they will be driven out of business or at least badly hampered because of this fight. The better public policy might seem to aid rather than obstruct the efforts of the manufacturers, give them a fuel supply they can use, and if the city finally wins its fight for public ownership to include the natural gas distribution in that enterprise. This city is dedicated to the principle of public ownership of the gas supply. It is also dedicated to the preservation of existing industries. The two are not incompatible. Making War More Terrible If Viscount Cecil’s point of view is sound when he deplores failure of the London conference this week to declare a year’s holiday in armament building—ana it seems to us that it is sound—then announcement by the United States war department, the day after the conference, that it is perfecting the most deadly weapon yet devised for modern warfare, is to be regretted even more. The army’s chemical warfare service has learned how to spray deadly mustard gas from airplanes, it announces. Mustard gas not only causes lesions of the lungs, but severe burns on the body. The chemical warfare service says piously that it never intends io spray mustard gas upon cities during war, only to use it on actual fighting fronts, where it is powerful enough to wipe out whole regiments. The effect of the announcement will not be reassuring to other nations, many of whose present difficulties we frequently have pointed out, arise from expenditure of too great a proportion of their budgets for armament. Three years ago the United States proposed to the world the Kellogg pact for renunciation of war and the world eagerly welcomed it. Today, when economic necessity offers opportunity for a practical and even more far-reaching step toward abolition of war, the United States is announcing more deadly ways to wipe out fighting regiments. Since the machine gun and battleship road to security and well being for nations has been tried many times and has failed as often, we well might give thought to another course to avoid annihilation. The Uganda Boys The two primitive young Africans brought to New York by the Martin Johnsons to care for three gorillas and two chimpanzees captured In the Belgian Congo have gone high-hat under the spell of the siren song of Harlem. lliey have quit the straw pallets which perviously had been home to them at night in the Central Park elephant house. Now, at their own demand, they sleep in an up-to-date suite. A few degrees removed from the breechclout, they previously had been perfectly content—in fact, flattered and honored—to sleep in the boudoir of the Central Park elephant house, to be close to the gorillas and chimpanzees day*and night. But some folk who came dotvn from Harlem to look at the Uganda boys’ charges—or possibly at the Uganda boys—were filled suddenly with the spirit of racial uplift. The result was that the Uganda boys in a few evenings of exhibiting themselves on Harlem stages netted their new-found friends SI,OOO and themselves $1 and a pair of golf trousers each per exhibition. In the process, one of the swiftest transformations in human viewpoint and human requirements had taken place. The Uganda boys had glimpsed the modem day and had been filled with a demand for its amenities—new clothes, the new quarters, a taste for more select viands. Limited to sign language, the Uganda boys are picking up a word or two of English. The Johnsons are sworn to the boys’ chief to return them safely to Africa. But after they have breathed the modernizing air of the metropolis for a full two months more, the question for the Uganda chief doubtless will be that of the wartime song: “How you gonna keep ’em down on the farm, After they've seen Broadway?" Our Growing Tax Burden Senator Fletcher of Florida proposes a national conference of state and federal officials to devise ways to check the growing burden of taxation—fed- ' eral, state and local. -.Whether the conference would accomplish what ttte senator believes it might, he again has directed attention to a problem that is causing increased con<3fm. President Hoover is attempting economies in the federal government, which had a deficit during ttie last thirteen Bwnfts In excess of a billion dollars. * * ~ ' * - • —' v • \

The Indianapolis Times <* scßirrs-nowAKu kewspaper) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* PnbHshlne Cos 214-220 Weat Maryland Street, Indtanapoila, Ind. Price in Marion Connty. a cent* a copy: elsewhere, 3 centa—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON Editor President Business Manager PHONE-Riley Ml SATURDAY. JULY 25, 1931. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service aTid Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Many of the states are tackling the problem individually. The business depression is adding to the difficulties, in many sections farmers are refusing to pay taxes at all, and everywhere the amount of property coming into the government hands through defaut in tax payments is increasing. The farm deflation has wiped out >20,000,0000,000 of value on which taxes have been levied, although farm taxes have risen 163 per cent since 1914. Incomes are down, as internal revenue tax collections show. The large public debts become more burdensome with the increased value of the dollar. Six million men out of work can not pay direct taxes, although they pay just the same through the indirect levies. Senator Fletcher quoted figures to show that the $10,000,000,000 appropriated by congress during the last two years means au average tax of $Bl on every person In the country or $405 for every family, the average income of which is estimated at $738. Estimates put the country’s total annual tax bill at $13,000,u00,000. The Governor of Illinois recently estimated „hat 11.9 cents out of every dollar earned goes for taxes. The Governor of Oregon figured that a seventh of the nation’s total income is eaten up by taxes, and that interest of a billion a year is being paid on an indebtedness of $26,000,000,000. Figures just completed by the census bureau show that taxpayers in cities of more than 30,000 population paid SSO each on $30,000,000,000 worth of property in 1929. These cities spent nearly as much as the federal government and twice as much as all the states. Their total net indebtedness increased $300,000,000 from the year before and exceeded $6,000,000,000. The costs of state governments in 1929 amounted to a little more than $2,000,000,000. This compared with $458,000,000 in 1915. Total tax revenues were 332 per cent larger than in 1921. This is of course no time to decrease expenditures for public works or other enterprises giving employment to large numbers of people. Nor should there be any disposition to spend less for charities, schools, public health, sanitation and recreation. There s, however, ample opportunity for the elimination of waste and extravagance, particularly in the cities, and tne use of public funds where they will do the most good. And with the state and federal governments casting about for still more money to spend, the interests of the workers and small salaried groups must be guarded, for their share of income already is disproportionately small. A Calamitous Comeback Hitting at the gasoline price war, leading Los Angeles bankers, retail dry goods merchants, auto dealers, and labor council men have issued a full page address to the public, the crux of which can be put into the two paragraphs following: “If' you would pay less than a fair price for services or commodities, you must expect less return for your services or commodities.’’ “Uncertainty and price-cutting discourage and demoralize, promoting a condition wherein nearly everything that is not a positive necessity is at a standstill." Two truths so intimately associated as to warrant marriage and settling down to a happy life ever afterward. To progress, to relieve or prevent depression of any sort you've got to hold fast to the maxim, “Live and let live." In business, society, or any other of life’s associations, you can’t make good by demanding much and rendering little in return. It must be evident that one of the basic causes for our long-drawn-out business depression lies in a condition wherein things that are not positive necessities are at a standstill. The orgy of luxury-buying is over with, as the unprecedented hoardings in banks demonstrate. There is no inspiration for relief in price-cutting on natural necessities, but there is in it promotion of continued stagnation. Banks cut interest on deposits to or 3 per cent. Does it smoke out the bulk of hoardings into new enterprises or extensions of businesses, or Into bonds, first mortgages and such, which yield a larger return than 3Ms or 3to the hoarder? We are in what newspapermen call “the dull summer months” and, recently, down east, a conference of representative publishers discussed (and sat down on) a proposition to commit suicide by cutting advertising rates. That is, they refused to acknowledge that they hadn’t been giving advertisers full return for their money, refused to demoralize, refused to discard the “Live and let live" principle. When you get service, gasoline or any other commodity at a ruinous price, you also buy a calamitous comeback on yourself.

REASON

The chief continues to improve, but it will be several daj’s before he is allowed to decorate the affairs of the day with his wisdom. Until that time you will be forced to accommodate your attention to our inferior brand of merchandise. a a a Four hundred men and women, unable to find work or food, storm grocery stores in Henryetta, Okla., when the emergency relief gives out. Oklahome, you know, is not in that terrible land of Russia, nor is it a province in starving China. It is a part of us, the most prosperous nation the world has even known. a a a OKLAHOMA, and all she represents in the way of poverty and misery, belongs to us just as truly as the horde of millionaires she has produced. We can disown neither, they are both part and parcel of our god-’ike indifference. This situation no longer deserves our attention, it now DEMANDS it. a a a For the first time in world's history a great nation is rich enough to abolish poverty, and yet it is our very abundance of goods and materials that clogs the channels of trade and leaves us in want. a a a ATTENTION to our economic evils is something which can no longer be the exclusive property of academic curiosity. It is the greatest problem we have ever been called upon to face, and upon its solution depends not only the welfare and prosperity of the country, but its very stability. a a a The philosophy of every nun for himself will work under primitive economic conditions, but those days are past. In an age when excessive production will plunge all the rest into confusion, it is as out-of-date as a legal system of private vengeance. a a a SO long as production and consumption have no relation to each other, other than that of caprice and chance, we shall have the paradox of wealth producing poverty. And that paradox is not a pleasant contemplation for men forced to live on charity. M U tt * Men have a right to work and make a living. When we deny them that we deny them the ability to appreciate the peculiar .virtue of our Institutions. . _

BY KENESAW M. LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Why Not Make Federal Loans to Political Subdivisions to Provide Work Where People Live. i NEW YORK, July 25.—We are headed for another hard winter. It will be the third In succession. Shall we drift along as we did in 1929-30, betting on hope and grabbing for makeshift remedies at the last moment? It is comforting, of course, to regard this depression as just a temporary interruption, largely brought about by foreign conditions and sure to end once those conditions have been corrected. Most of us would like to think that the problem includes no more than helping Germany renew her- notes, or setting up a year's moratorium on war debts, but haven’t we played that kind of psychological tag long enough? a a a Mistaken Theories Hurt TWO theories have played a disastrous part in our calculations. First, it has been assumed that the slump in foreign trade was mainly, if not wholly, to blame for our economic ills and that the stimulation of domestic business was rather less important than the recovery of markets abroad. Second, it has been assumed that government economizing was in order, no matter how many-employes had to be laid off, since liberation of mere money through reduced taxes would pep tilings up. a a a Tight Money and Fear NO one with common sense will quarrel with the assumption that the slump in foreign trade has hurt, or that its rehabilitation is imperative. When it comes to encouraging billion-dollar corporations by the discharge of a few low-salaried government clerks, not so good. Business in the United States Is not suffering from a money stringency, except as such a stringency has been brought about consciously and arbitrarily by fear. There are plenty of cash and credit available if properly employed. Since those in control of private resources seem disinclined to loosen up, what choice remains, except for those in control of public resources to act? a a a Hearst’s Proposal WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST has suggested a $5,000,000,000 "prosperity” bond issue by the federal government. That is good as far as it goes, but at the risk of appearing presumptuous in disagreeing with a man of Mr. Hearst’s experience and ability, I do not think it goes far enough. I don’t think the federal government is in any position to spend five billion dollars in such a way as would produce maximum results. Federal work is limited to definite lines and definite places. What would the improvement of a western forest preserve mean to the unemployed of Baltimore, or the Improvement of Boston Harbor to the people of Nebraska? a a a Need Is Widespread MONEY, no matter in what vast amounts it is made available, will fail to bring about the necessary relief, unless it can be so distributed as to provide work in all parts of the country. People who have been out of work for a year, or even six months, as millions have, are in no shape to travel. To be of any value to them, the work must be close home. It goes without saying that the federal government is the one agency that can produce capital in such huge volume as the situation obviously demands, but how could that capital be made to provide work in a general way, except through expenditure by state, city and other local branches of government? The problem of giving four or five million people employment includes not only raising the necessary capital, but getting it down where they live. a u a Why Not Federal Loans? WHY 'not designate a federal board, or commission, to call I on the head of every political sub- j division in this country for a complete statement of its financial : condition, its unemployment prob- i lem, its borrowing capacity, together with such public work as it is willing, or prepared, to undertake immediately? Why not determine the aggregate amount that profitably could be expended in such way, and formulate plans to provide it through a federal bond issue and loan it out to political subdivisions at such rates and under such terms as would take care of interest charges, supervision and other overhead expenses? a a a

Work Where Needed ASSUMING that the federal government could float bonds at 3% or 4 per cent, it could loan it to states, cities, towns and counties at 4or 4 Vi, and not be out anything. At the same time, most of them would be getting it cheaper than they could on their own account. Best of all, money expended in such manner would provide workwork where people live, work to put cash in circulation where it would do the most good, work that would make unnecessary the soup kitchen, the bread lice and other demoralizing forms of relief, work that would restore the domestic market and reopen the channels for domestic trade.

Questions and Answers

Is the United States army now recruited to the full peace time strength? The authorized peace strength of the United States army is 125,000 men. The actual strength on March 31, 1931, was 117,254. How many distilleries were in the United States before prohibition went into effect? Two hundred thirty-six. What Is the salary of American ambassadors? They receive $17,500 a year, exclusive of representation expenses.

Looking for the Proverbial Needte

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Rhythm of Heart Beat Is Warning

This is the fourth of a series of five articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “The Failing: Heart of Middle Life.’* BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyjreia, the Health Magazine. IN making a diagnosis of heart disease the modern physician depends, as did the physicians of the past, first of all upon the history of the patient. He asks innumerable questions as to the conduct of life, sensation of oppression or pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and the other symptoms that have been mentioned. Then he carefully maps out the size and position of the heart by using the methods of physical examination called percussion arid auscultation. He locates the position of the heart beat and the posi-

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—ln your issue of July 17 under the heading “Questions and answers, I note a question as to the significance of the phrase, “Gone where the woodbine twineth.” The answer, while no doubt correct, may be given in another way. This is the story substantially as I read it years ago: The colorful figure “Jim” Fisk, of Gould-Eric-Panic of ”73—Helen Mansfield fame was asked in those days what he thought of the situation. Fiske replied that things had gone where the woodbine twineth, .having in mind that in his early Vermont home he often had seen the vine growing up the drainpipe at the corner of the house. In other w’ords, everything had “gone up the spout. C. P. W. Editor Times —We American farmers would like reliable information on the following subjects, which at present are confronting us: What shall we do about the 1931 crop, or are we going to need a 1931 crop? Are people going to be allowed to eat this coming year? If not, the farmer should know it before he raises a lot of stuff he can not sell. After the last year, we feel “kinder” doubtful about the advisability of raising stuff for the market. Since A1 Capone and the rest of the millionaires seem to have garnered in all the dough, it doesn’t look like common, honest, hardworking people were going to be allowed to have any money to buy with. We’re wondering if they’re going to have to starve another year. Why, from what I read it seems that even our hogs and chickens are fed better than millions of people. We scarcely can sell our wheat and milk and cream and eggs, so the hogs and the chickens get a lot of it, and they surely do appreciate

H

BORAH’S WAR SPEECH July 25 ON July 25, 1917, Senator William E. Borah of Idaho delivered a speech in the senate in which he warned congress and the nation against useless expenditures in the World war. He said in part: “No more serious situation could confront warring nations than that which confronts the allies at this hour. In the minds of some it may not be considered wise to say so, but the situation is here, and I am one of those who believe that we should speak truthfully and plainly to those who must pay our taxes and fight our battles. “The hour of sacrifice has arrived, and, being here, will the senate of the United States linger and parley over money to go into Fish creek, Tombigbee creek or some other inconsequential and worthless waterways? Shall we rise to the invitations of this solemn and awful hour or shall we still tribe with selfish and immaterial matters as the storm comes on? “If our own institutions are not at stake, if the security of our own country is not involved, if we as a people and as a nation are not fighting for our own rights and the honor and lives of our own people, our declaration of war was a bold and impudent betrayal of a whole people."

tion of each of the borders of the heart. Then he uses the X-ray to confirm his observations made by physical studies. Much importance has been attached in the past to the hearing of murmurs of one type or another. Though these are still considered significant, it is now realized that murmurs may be present without serious disturbances of the heart. On the other hand, a murmur j may be of the greatest significance when all the other observations confirm the interpretation that they be based on the murmur. The modern physician is likely to attach much importance to the rhythm of the heart beat, to its force, and to the things that can be seen in the electrocardiograph tracing. The treatment of the beginning j

it. But, for the matter of that, city people would appreciate it, too, and we'd like them to be able to buy it, for we'd appreciate a little money so as to be able to pay our interest and our own and the rightful share of the rich men’s taxes. I never saw such a mess as this country is in. The Democratic panics always were considered bad, but I don’t ever remember one that half way equaled this Republican depression. Democratic panics always were just plain Democratic panics, without any frills or excuses, but this Republican panic is called a world depression. You always can trust the Republicans for getting out of all the shame and disgrace of a thing like that by calling it some unheard-of name and laying it on somebody else. This time it’s laid on the rest of the world and called a world depression. There may be panics in other countries and they probably know who is to blame for them, the same as we know who’s to blame for ours, but I allow other countries don’t much appreciate shouldering the blame for ours. If everything in our country was prosperous and everybody had everything he needed, and a lot of the luxuries which he should have: in other words, if the “goose was bangin’ high” here in our own country, I don’t believe the Republicans would say the rest of the world was deserving the credit for it. There are those in this country who are to blame, for all this trouble we’re having and it isn’t the farmer nor the laboring class nor the merchants. Lets’ be honest and quit kiddin’ ourselvees. Let’s quit passing the buck. Let’s face the music and call a spade a spade. Let’s place the blame where it belongs and leave the rest of tho world out of it. A FARMER’S WIFE. Editor Times—l feel very much like Eugene Martin, state representative of Ft. Wayne, that there are too many such judges as the one who exiled the 13-year-old boy. They should be removed. I also feel that our Governor should be looked after and not allowed to waste so much of the people's money. Farmers are taxed beyond all reason. Why should we sit tight and pay unreasonable taxes? I work beyond my strength j to try to keep what little I have worked so hard for. I only wish that I could have the opportunity to talk and explain to | an honest and upright official how I, as an American citizen, am imposed on. We have far too many crooks in office. Kick them out and give them the proper works. Too many burdens are heaped upon those less able to stand them. E. B. NESBIT.

Editor Times —Where does this “Ike Abashed” get all this highminded stuff about the exalted sport of fishing? Since when did it hurt a shiner more to be yanked gasping out of a man-made fishing pool than out of a God-made river? If Ike doesn't like wieners and pop and “insured fishing,” let him slop along the “crick” to his heart’s content. And if the “empty-stom-ach” half of a fisherman’s contentment doesn’t suit him, he can wade in to his neck, can’t he? There are thousands of “city folks" in Indianapolis who want to fish and can’t with a*y success, because Ike and his kind have seined, snared, jigged and blasted to virtual extermination everything m

of weakness of the heart after fifty years of age involves special emphasis on all of the good rules of hygiene. It is, of course, understood that any infections anywhere about the body will be found and removed. If there is the slightest indication of some beginning breakdown of the heart, the patient is put immediately at absolute rest. And that means he must be flat on his back in bed for at least four weeks during which time he does not even get up to attend to his ordinary physical necessities, but is ‘given help by members of the family or by a nurse. Tobacco is usually forbidden, but in case a patient has too much nervous irritability, it is permitted only with the greatest of moderation.

the crawdad. And then they like to talk about “communing with their maker.” “Just pals,” they are, with the “every living thing" while they hide behind an overhanging stump and try to slip a wire noose over a nice fat sucker’s head! If it’s wrong to catch fish out of an artificial fish pond, it’s wrong to catch them out of a stream or a lake. The hook hurts just as bad, they flop as pitiably, one place as another, if you want to turn humanitarian. Whether it’s pop in one hand at the “fish prison,” as he calls it, or contraband whisky in the “crick bottom,” it makes no difference to the fish, remember that. Where these self-appointed anglers get all this suff about their exalted “sport” always has been a mystery to me. The Bible never said anything about God going fishing on that “seventh day.” LIVE N. LETLIVE. Editor Times—Under Voice of the People, I would like to have a word, although only a visitor in your fair city. In all my travels I never have seen in any city so many beggars as you have in Indianapolis. I am told this is a daily thing, no matter what sort of financial condition exists. I am wondering why all this is permitted. While downtown shopping today I counted two beggars in every block in your downtown district, one on each side of the street. Has this become a “trade” in your city? Each one was perched in front of one of your nice department stores. Do your merchants permit this? Some are selling pencils for 5 and 10 cents that one can purchase in the dime store for I cent, which to my idea is only a way of begging, as it arouses people’s sympathy. This is surely an unfair time to allow all this begging when every one is so hard “hit.” Most of the beggars are filthy, and none good too look at, some with their dirty nakedness showing, some with sores, it is terrible to allow this. Some of these so-called beggars are reaily wealthy, so I am told. Is there some sort of “beggars’ syndicate" in Indianapolis? If so, maybe some of your worthy unemployed would like to be admitted. At any rate, your citizens deserve the right of investigation, and the city should be rid of these beggars—then a

The Most Precious Thing Your baby is the most precious thing in the world. Ail you doing everything in your power to assure that baby of a fine start in life? A young mother must learn to be an expert on baby care Learning what NOT to do is as important as learning what TO DO Our Washington bureau has ready for you a bulletin on Care of the Baby that gives the latest and most authoritative information on baby care. It will help solve innumerable problems for you. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 136, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, Care of the Baby, and enclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

.-JULY 25, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

The Milky Way Is the Largest ‘Trust' in the Universe , 'T'HE world's oldest trust is being studied by astronomers. Contrary to general belief, tha trust and merger of modern business wasn't invented by John D, Rockefeller and the Standard Oil. According to astronomers, the Milky Way or galaxy is the oldest trust in the universe and it has been practicing merger tactics for a period of years estimated conservatively as a couple of million times a trillion. The galaxy, according to present theories, has been growing larger and larger by absorbing and merging with itself smaller collections of stars. Astronomers are led to this conclusion for two reasons. One is that our galaxy is the largest thing in the known universe. The other is the structure of our galaxy. Our sun is one of forty billion stars forming our galaxy. The characteristic appearance of the night sky with the Milky Way running across it is due to the shape of our galaxy. The stars are distributed in a great disk like a wheel or a great watch. We see so many stars in the Milky Way because when we look in its direction, we are looking along the long diameter of tha galaxy, along the hands of the watch. When we look away from the Milky Way, we are looking out through the face of the watch. a a a Clusters RECENT researches have disclosed that scattered about tha great ocean of space which we call the universe are other galaxies or collections of stars. These other galaxies are known generally as the spiral nebulae, because of their spiral shape. . But none of these other spirals Is as large as our own galaxy. The nearest one and the one about which we know the most as a result, is the great nebula in the constellation of Andromeda. This is only about one-seventh the size of our galaxy. None cf the spirals seems to exceed one-third of our own in size. Astronomers feel th- ,f there must be some special reason for the unique size of our own galaxy. Turning next to the distribution of stars in the galaxy, astronomers have noticed a number of interesting facts in recent years. The first is that our galaxy, much like a thriving American city, has a great many suburbs. These are known technically as the globular clusters. Few objects appear so magnificent in a telescope as do the globular clusters. As their name indicates, they are the great clusters of stars arranged in tho shape of a ball or globe. Astronomers estimate that they contain from 50,000 to 500,000 stars each. These clusters are arranged around our galaxy in such way that they outline its boundaries. a a a Attraction IN addition to these globular clusters which form the suburbs of our galaxy, there are many clusters within the galaxy. These are known as open clusters, because of their irregular shape. They rarely contain more than 2,000 stars. Asa rule, they consist of 100 stars or less. A study of them reveals, however, that they are united systems, for all the stars of any cluster prove to be moving in one direction with a uniform speed. Their motion is not unlike that of a flock of birds. It is these clusters which astronomers believe have been merged to our galaxy, making’ it the foremost “trust” of the universe. Newton’s law of gravitation stated that every object in the universe attracts every other object. This, astronomers believe, accounts for the merger tactics of our galaxy. There is reason to believe that our galaxy as a whole is moving through space with a considerable speed. They believe that on its journey through space It has attracted these clusters to it. The globular clusters have been attached to the edge of the galaxy. The open cluster, It is thought, were attached at an earlier date. Asa result, it is thought that they have been pulled within the galaxy where the complex play of gravitational force has destroyed the original globular formation of the clusters.

Daily Thought

For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness.—Ecclesiastes 6:4. There is nothing which vanity does not desecrate.—Henry Ward Beecher. visitor would enjoy shopping and spending his money where it should be spent . With this exception, your city is beautiful, but this begging situation is a very unfair one, and I, personally, hope to come back next year and see your streets without beggars or filthy pencil vendors. A VISITOR FROM THE WEST.