Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 56, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 July 1931 — Page 4

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Banishment Os all government activities in the least typically American would seem to be the deportation campaign now being conducted with renewed fervor under the department of labor. This drive is under full steam. Some 18,000 aliens have been deported this year, others driven by fear and unrest have gone of their own accord. Under the amended immigration law these deportees may never return to our shores. Their punishment is one of the severest forms known to antiquity—banishment. Many aliens are being banished for petty offenses, such as the alleged theft of several pieces of old linen for which the authorities are about to send to Scotland Hugh McLeod, and thereby leave for the care of San Francisco charities his wife and child. Others are being banished for political beliefs, as in the days of the old czars in Russia. Mere membership in the Communist party is a crime under the labor department interpretation of the immigration law. Some Communists are being sent to their deaths, as in the case of Tao-Hsuan Li, Stanford university alumnus, who is being returned to China, where almost certain execution awaits him. Guido Serio, New York radical, will be sent to ft slow death on one- of Italy’s penal islands unless the courts intervene. It is hard to understand why Secretary Doak should glory in these banishments. The law, of course, is to blame and should be liberalized. But laws can be tempered in their administration. And Doak is a kindly man. He is intelligent enough to know that the costly deportation of 18,000 aliens a year will make hardly a dent in the problem of 6,000,000 unemployed here. He should be wise enough to know that the damage these harsh banishments do the administration’s prestige here and abroad far outweighs any possible benefits. We fear the secretary of labor Is building the •wrong sort of reputation. Unless he modifies his code he will find himself bracketed in the public mind with such prophets of fear as Mitchel Palmer, Clayton Lusk and Hamilton Fish. He would do better to build upon the solid Americanism of Jefferson, Lincoln and the fathers of the American labor movement that he represents. Roses and Economics The New Haven railroad has found that roses planted along its right of way on slopes where grass would not grow checks soil erosion and land slides. So Dorothy Perkins rases scent the air and delight the eye where New' Haven trains run in New York, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In this utilitarian world most of the things we do are done for reasons of material gain. But it is surprising how often material benefit is found to go hand in hand with benefits ignored when they are urged as a rpatter of beauty, justice or humanity. A classic example of this is the growing favor with which community property laws, giving women control over their earnings denied them elsewhere, are now regarded in western states. It has been discovered that community property laws reduce the family income tax. Business men long ago discovered that workmen’s compensation laws operate to their financial benefit as well as to that of their employes, and that shorter hours and good working conditions make for efficiency in their plants. Some day business is going to discover that it can only prosper when all the people of the United States have money with which to buy its products. Then it will find a way to end unemployment. The things that have been urged so long as a matter of social justice will be accomplished when industry wants them accomplished for the sake of profits. It is all a matter of learning how to be selfish intelligently. Dorothy Perkins roses point the way charmingly.

A Great Educational Reform The high school teachers of the land at last demand that their institutions shall serve the students and the public rather than college entrance committees. This proposal of the National Secondary School Association at the National Education Association meetings in Los Angeles received relatively little publicity. Yet it dwarfs into insignificance such heralded educational items of the last year as the proposed reform of collegiate athletics or the dropping of Latin at Yale. Indeed, if the plan is put through in thorough fashion, it may well be regarded as the outstanding educational reform of our generation. The most tragic travesty in our educational system has been the conventional high school curriculum. The- greatest waste of conscientious pedagogical effort has been the work of our high school teachers. About one high school student out of ten goes to college. Yet our high schools have been prostituted to the service of college entrance committees rather than being devoted to training young men and women to live more adequately in human society. The high school curriculum has been determined by the demands placed upon students for college entrance. The subjects thus required have had singularly little relation to fitting anybody to live more satisfactorily in twentieth century civilization. The successful high school teacher has been judged according to the number of boys and girls he can get by the college board examinations, not in relation to his shrewd and understanding guidance in the problems of human living. Progressive educators have observed this tragic waste and misdirection of teaching effort and have long murmured: “O, Lord, how long?” Now it appears that the long-suffering secondary schools have burst into open rebellion against being regarded as lackeys of the colleges. It is proposed that the old curriculum be scrapped and that subjects be introduced which will prepare students to meet the responsibilities of life in more intelligent fashion. It is recommended that more attention be given to the natural and social sciences, to psychology "because it is essential that young people know something about the laws that govern mental health,’’ to subjects that develop motor skill, to health education and to an appreciation of the fine arts. The green mould of the past lingers on in the proposal that two units of Latin or higher mathematics still be required, and rather too much time is to be given to the formal teaching of English. Yet the proposed reconstruction as a whole is sane and far-reaching. The results hoped for are well stated by the committee: "This program, if conscientiously carried out, we confidently believe will solve most of our secondary school problems. It will produce symmetrically developed citizens interested in the varied activities of the social o* O anlzatlon, equipped for complete living. This means social-minded, service-rendering men and women. It means also a far larger proportion of creative mentalities than this country or any "bthee

The Indianapolis Times (A RCBIPPB-HOWAKD NEWBPAPEH> Owned end published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-230 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents s week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley B6SI WEDNESDAY. July IS. 1911. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

country has ever possessed. More than that, it a happy, prosperous, and ever developing type that will rule the world not by its dollars or its governmental authority but by its creative spirit, its ideals and Its universal service.” It is to be hoped the proposal will pass beyond the rhetoric of reform. The high school is the one opportunity which we have to train the majority of the mentally capable to be intelligent and honest citizens. It is time that we realized the opportunity and responsibility involved. The high school must no longer be a despised incidental adjunct to higher education. If the proper preparation for life is not good enough to serve as a preparation for college, then it -s just too bad for the college. Not a few educators of high standing now go even further and propose that we improve and stiffen up our high schools and let them take the place of the majority of the colleges. Many of the latter do little more advanced or better work than the best modernized senior high schools. v I. C. C. and R. R. S. It evidently was a coincidence that the interstate commerce commission announced its own investigation into certain phases of railroad operation on the eve of the hearing of the carriers’ plea for increased freight rates; but, nonetheless, it is significant. The commission has started hearing the freight rate case, and before this is ended the railroads, it appears, will be asked to make a showing as to whether their operation is economical and efficient. The new I. c. C. inquiry will be aimed at certain laiiroad practices that affect economical operation, and while there have been other similar' surveys, the new one is important because it approaches the present railroad problem from a direction different from that of the proposed rate increase. The present hearing will result, maybe in the fall, in a final decision on whether the railroads of the nation shall be given increased revenue through higher freight tariffs in order to maintain an adequate transportation system. And from start to finish, the proceeding should concern ever;/ consumer, producer and middleman, for these a,re the persons who must pay if greater freight rates are ordered. The case i. important from another economic point of view, beer use in it is to be decided the question of whether or not it will help business generally to increase the price of one commodity—transportation uhile prices of practically all others are depressed. Needed: A Liquor Tax The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment chooses the end of the fiscal year, when the federal government is confronted with a depleted treasury, again to call attention to the fact that legalization of liquor would produce large revenues through' taxation. A study by the association convinced it that taxes on legalized liquor at 1918 rates would produce in excess of $900,000,000 in seventeen states which could be expected to set up systems for liquor sales. This is about the amount of the federal budget deficit. The seventeen states contain 49 per cent of the country’s population. Other countries, more temperate than this, get much of their tax revenues through liquor levies, the board points out. In Great Britain, where arrests for drunkenness have been steadily decreasing, the amount is 19 per cent of the total revenue. And, says the board, this nation’s drink bill would not be increased. Money which now goes to pay the extortionate profits of bootleggers and rum runners, and for the corruption of public officials, would find its way into the public treasury. The reasoning of the board is sound, and fiscal officers of the government will do well to give consideration to it as they cast about for new sources of revenue. A Washington preacher talked for twelve hours, illustrating the malicious influence of close proximity to congress. The Spanish army is cutting down on its high officers. Making a general reduction, as it were.

REASON'S,"“

WELL, the old moratorium is now in full blast and we hope the rest of you have found life more rosy and prosperous, but up to date our feverish brow has not been fanned by any of its velvet zephyrs. a a a In fact, we’ve had to cut the corners a little more after the fashion of Calvin Coolidge than before the moratorium started to hit on all cylinders. No sooner did it go into effect than the bank called us up and told us we had in a moment of enthusiasm overdrawn our account. a a a We tried to explain the moratorium to them, but for the life of us we could not make them understand' it. a a a THEN the gas man called to present the compliments of the season and a memorandum for the month of June, and though we read him three columns, explaining the working of the moratorium, we couldn't get it through to him. a a a Then a- collectoi irom Chicago dropped in upon us. tie was so fashionably dressed we thought for the moment he might be a bandit. He desired a settlement for a set of books which explained scientifically why elephants walk in their sleep. We sought to interpose the moratorium with him, but found him more unyielding than France—and that’s going some! a a a And as if this were not enough, several of the Kids appeared, and after gaming a private audience explained that their bathing suits had become hors de combat. They said that in certain emergencies they had to pull them up and in other emergencies they bad to pull them down! So we had to come across. a a a WE hoped that the storm had passed, but no. It was only a few minutes until the smallest kid brought the dog in and, opening his countenance revealed the disheartening truth that he had but four teeth left and that none of them struck, and now it is up to us either to get that dog a set of false teeth or feed him soup the rest of his days! a a a We sincerely hope the moratorium will help Germany. We hope she has no such sad disillusionment as visited us, else she may fall helpless into the arms of the Hitlerites on the one hand or the reds on the other hand. We hope it will make Germany not only prosperous, but peace-loving. a a a We hope that on moonlight nights she may grow so tender that instead of dreaming of sinking a spear into the gizzard of France, she may yearn to elope with her, but we have our doubts. We fear she will only spend the interval of nonpayment, grinding her knives and getting ready for the man'-hunt.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS: If Our Hunger for Excitement Depended on Diplomacy We'd Be in Hot Water All the Time. NEW YORK, July 15.—Which do people prefer, information or excitement? Not only that, but by which are they apt to be guided? Two anonymous books based on Washington gossip have made their appearance in as many days. No one cares whether they are true, provided they are snappy. “Don’t believe all you hear,” says Montague Norman, head of the Bank of England, summing up the European situation. But who does? Asa general proposition, people can get into plenty of trouble by believing only a tenth of what they hear. A big bank suspends payment In Germany. No one waits to learn why, while every one begins to think up , all kinds of reasons. Within the* space of hours, there is a grand scramble for cash. Banks all over the nation are so hard pressed that the government is obliged to issue a decree closing them all for two days. O O B France's Price HANS LUTHER, head of the Reichsbank, flies by day and confers by night in feverish efforts to get a loan. Rumor says he wants half a billion dollars, but he says “no such thing.” Rumor says that Germany is so hard up that she will agree to most anything for cash. French statesmen act on the tip, demanding all sorts of political promises, but only to find it was a mistake. Germany won’t smash up the Hitlerites, disband the various volunteer societies, or promise to squelch the Nationalist movement. Asa matter of common sense, she couldn’t keep such a promise, even if she were to make it. In spite of the Versailles treaty, or the gold reserve in Paris, Germans still have a right to form political creeds. B B B Radicals Grin TWO political creeds have made great headway in Germany. They are both predicated on the hope of a government smash-up. Communist agitators seek converts in the Ruhr, where king coal and king steel have massed workers in hopeless herds. Adolph Hitler, the irrepressible Fascist prophet, only waits his turn to take charge when the Young plan shall have failed. Ninety per cent of it is ordinary, everyday gossip, but how we fall for it. People throughout the civilized world, some of them in high places, have fought a dozen wars during the last ten days. It’s a good thing we have such harmless conflicts as baseball, wrestling and golf through which to let off steam. If our hunger for excitement depends on diplomacy and international intrigue, we’d be in hot water all the time. As it is, we find much relief In arguing as to which club will win the pennant, or whom the Democrats will nominate. B B B Compromise Vs, Service WHO will the Democrats nominate, and what’s back of this systematic booming of Owen D. Young by certain publications? Report has it that Virginia would prefer Newton D. Baker as standard bearer, which suggests that Virginia still retains her old-time sense of the fitness of things. No man in the party is betterqualified to lead than Mr. Baker, whether as measured by experience or principle. When it comes to a showdown however, compromise is likely to cut more of a figure than service or ideals. B B B The Vice-Presidency SPEAKING of 1932 candidates, why would Vice-President Curtis rather go back to the, senate than run again with Hoover? Or is it wholly a matter of preference on his part? The slate-makers might have someone else in mind as vicepresidential candidate, you know, especially since they regard Kansas as fairly safe. All signs point to a very close race, no matter what happens between now and next June, a race m which pivotal states are likely to count, and in which the place where a candidate votes may be of more consequence than who he is, or what he has done. It’s all speculation, of course, all guesswork and supposition, but how he thrives on it, and what would politics be without it?

m C OAVfjjp thEF Am W ** ** **

NATIONAL GUARD CALLED July 15 ON July 15, 1917, an important step to increase the strength of the army was made when a third of the national guard regiments not already in service was called into federal service. The calling of the national guard into service was done in three increments, the other two-thirds being notified to be ready on July 25 and Aug. 5. It was stated at this time that after preliminary training the national guard would soon be sent to France and that some regiments would leave the United States as early as November. At the date of mobilization the national guard had reached a strength of about 300,000 men, and, a s the war strength had been fixed at 400.000, recruiting continued. It was the intention of the war department that if the full quota was not secured before the draft began, the vacancies in the national guard, as in the regular army, would be filled by conscripted men. Did Frank Frisch and Hal Chase play together with the New York Giants in 1919? What positions did they play? Frisch played second base and shortstop and Chase was the regular first baseman with the New York Giants that year.

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Skin Care Essential in Hot Weather

This is the last of a series of seven articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Summer Care of Health.” BY DR.. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. DR. NORMAN TOBIAS, in Hygeia, emphasizes the special tendency of the skin to develop irritations in hot weather. Because of the ultra-violet radiation, the greater humidity, the increased activity of the sweat glands and the increased exposure to infection, hot weather brings on all sorts of ekin troubles. Sunburn can be so severe as to incapacitate an individual for weeks. A wet skin exposed to the sun reacts more quickly and more seriously than a dry skin. Various ointments and creams help to prevent sunburn. Recently special creams have been developed to prevent serious burning. A freckle that comes out in hot

IT SEEMS TO ME by TrSuT

MISS GRETA PALMER, my cocolumnist, takes exception to a recent column of mine in which I advocated pastier marriage and easier divorce. It is possible that I expressed myself ineptly. For, according to Miss Palmer’s comments, even I got the notion that what I had said, in effect, was that a young man and a young woman meeting for the first time should, if mutually attracted, go right out and marry. Not So Hasty I DIDN’T mean that at all. I think they ought to give each other a little time in which to become acquainted. Say, two weeks or three, or even a month. At the end of a month they’d know as much about each other as they would at the end of a year. The girl would have a pretty definite idea as to her suitor’s hopes and ambitions, his habits and political views. And the man should be able to tell whether Mary’s brilliant conversation and humor are really the result of an alert brain or just prepared formulae to trap the unsuspecting male. Miss Palmer asserts that one out of six marriages fails. I’m willing to wager that at least 50 Rer cent of the matrimonial fiascos are not the result of a “devil-may-care insouciance.” On the contrary, in all probability they are the aftermath of devastatingly long courtships. The hottest flame can die if it is smothered too long. And even though embers may be all right for the end of the marriage road, they are not sufficient to counteract the heart-break often encountered at the beginning of the long, arduous trek. a a a Experience, Charm “TT is one of the deepest injustices A of life,” writes Miss Palmer, “that a woman can not pass through the hands of many more men than the one monogamy allows her without losing her freshness and her charm. ...” I don't agree. It seems to me that the woman of many experiences has the edge on her monogamous sisters so far as charm is concerned. Unless she is a hopeless optimist, she has attained a philosophy all her own. She does not seek the impossible, but takes from life what sweetness she can, knowing full well that “and they lived happily ever after,” is, after all, just a fairy tale. On the other hand, the one-man wife is apt to become apathetic in her married security. In many instances the flame of her romance has burned itself out too quickly, leaving only a dull resignation. Her life has for so long been submerged in that of her husband, her home and her children that she ceases to be an entity. She has found an economic snug harbor. Os course, I know that there are many instances where the reverse Is true. But I am speaking now of the average marriage. a a a Permanence "TF Mr. Broun’s philosophy of A ‘Gather your orange buds while ye may’ became common it is a safe guess that the majority of marriages

The Bottomless Hole

weather is not a disease. It is an attempt on the part of the skin to put up a screen to keep off the sunlight. When the exposure is stopped and the skin is protected, the blood picks up the pigment from the skin and gets rid of it. Freckle creams that are planned to peel off the skin are dangerous. Many lotions and toiler waters contain ingredients that tend to deposit in the skin on exposure to the sunshine producing all sorts of streaks and markings. They seem to sensitize the skin to the ultraviolet rays. A person going in bathing needs no perfumery. Toilet waters can be applied after the bath. The most common infection ot the skin in summer weather is thr infestation between the toes known as “golfer’s toe” and “athlete’s foot.” It is due to a wide-spread fungus which gets on the floor of shower baths, bathrooms and gymnasiums. In addition to this 'ungus, there are

soon would take on an aspect of transience which even Russia might envy. “For this contingency Mr. Broun is cheerfully prepared. ‘lt was swell

People’s Voice

Editor Times—l really do feel very sorry for a few of the merchants -and folks who are compelled to work hard in their stores and offices and then are compelled to use their feet and walk a few blocks to get into their auto. They can rest assured it is to be regretted that they do not have access to an invalid’s chair with a butler to push them to and from their cars. I can’t understand why these very same people are finding fault with the lawmaking bodies of our city who have the opportunity to hear both sides of the story regarding this so-called parking ordinance recently enacted and in effect at the present time. It is true there are but very few people who are trying to own a car and in some cases they actually do, but why should they want to impose on the others by leaving their cars downtown all day, and why should the merchants want to allow them to do it. However, I understand there are but yery few real merchants and regular business men that are opposed to this ordinance. Personally, if the city council would eliminate parking in the business district altogether, and use it for business only, and allow shoppers a certain length of time to do their shopping, provided, however, that there was a driver left in car to move same in case of necessity, or as would be directed by the traffic officers, everybody concerned would be made happy, the tow-in car could be put away except on rare occasions, and, above all, the violators would not be trying to hand someone else a traffic sticker to be fixed to avoid paying $2. I must not overlook the fact that the Chamber of Commerce and a few others are also responsible for these traffic conglomerations, aijd they have and still dictate to the board of safety and the street car company just exactly how they want the various cars routed in the downtown section of the city. Let us all show some signs of intelligence and allow the city authorities to personally direct this traffic regulation without any interference from the outside, and if this be done we will very soon find out that we have been sticking our nose where it did not belong. J. RAMSEY, 25 East St. Joseph Street. Which three cities in the United States have the largest area? Los Angeles, area 281,412 acres; New York, area 191,360 acres, and Chicago, area 126,704 acres. How many shots can the Browning aircraft gun fire per minute? Between 1,200 and 1,300. How many persons, gainfully employed in the United States, belong to labor unions? g Slightly more than 3,000,000,

other parasites which tend to infect hot, moist skin. A common infection of the skin is caused by a germ of the staphyliciccus family which is fairly prevalent in summer. This condition is “barber’s itch” or impetigo. It is spread by animals, by infected towels and in many other ways. A physician can clean the lesion and prescribe suitable antiseptics to clear It up. Everybody knows about the frequency of poison ivy and poison oak in the summer time. Particularly serious are mosquito bites and the stings of fleas and flies. Bites of this type are easily infected, so that they may well be treated with good antiseptics. The itching can be stopped by the application of suitable skin lotions containing anti-itching substances. Children should be watched particularly as to the danger of secondary infection from such bites, because they will scratch beyond all reason.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are nresented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paDer.—The Editor.

while it lasted’ would appeal to him, it seems, as a pretty good epitaph to any marriage.” Well, why not? That old saw “Short and sweet” applies to marriage just as much as to oratory. I don’t mean to argue against permanent conjugal bliss if such a thing is possible. But certainly it seems to me that “It was swell while it lasted” is a far more satisfactory ending than “It was awful. But we stuck it through to the bitter end.” Miss Palmer goes on to say: “Perhaps it would be a good epitaph to the first marriage or the second or the third in the career of the young woman who adopted his advice. But in a life made up of a succession of needless romances, with intervals of embers in between, a woman is apt to become a pitiable object.” I’m afraid my young mentor is just a wee bit ahead of the subject. Peggy Hopkins Joyce is still front page news. We have not yet reached that state of tolerance where we accept such things as everyday occurrences. a a a Give Us Time XJUT we are progressing slowly. JL> I remember the time when a divorce was spoken of only in whispers. And if the children happened to be present conversation was carried on with ominous head shakings and tongue clickings. The subject was regarded as not quite fit for respectable discussion, but delightful, nevertheless. It seems to me that a woman may more readily become a pitiable object as the result of one impossible marriage over which she has wasted her life and her youth than six which might well be remembered pleasantly with a casual “They were swell while they lasted.” (CoDyrieht. IS3I, by The Times*

That Vacation Feeling, Have you got it? Feel like shutting up the old roll top desk and heading for the open spaces? Have you dragged out the fishing tackle, bought some paint for the old car, or dug up your white flannel pants? Vacation time is around the comer. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a packet of seven of its interesting bulletins that you will want. Here are the titles: 1. Auto Camping and Touring. 1 Learning to Swim 2. Automobile Laws of the State*. 5. Lawn Tennis. 3. Travel etiquette. 6. Outdoor Games. 7. First Aid for Vacationists. If you want this packet of seven bulletins fill out the ccmnon below and mail a* directed: IXSII CUP COUPON HERE Dept. B-2, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times 1322 New York avenue, Washington. D. C. I want the packet of seven bulletins for VACATIONISTS and in close herewith 20 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE lam a reader of The^ndiana polls Times. Code No.)

-JULY 15,1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Did Heredity or Environment Give Science Four Genera, - tions of Astronomers in ths Struve Family? rUR generations of famous astronomers have been the contribution of the Struve family t<j the world of science. ' One war brought the first astronomer of the line to Russia and second war has brought the youngest of the line to America. Dr. Otto Struve is a tall, youth-ful-looking man who speaks English with a slight accent. His great-grandfather, the firs# of the astronomical line, was Wilhelm Struve, one of the great names in modern astronomy. Wilhelm, along with Herschel and Bessel, laid the foundations of modern astronomy. From Dr. Struve I learned the story of the part war played in the life of his great-grandfather and in his own life. "My great-grandfather was bom in the province of Holstein then Dpnish territory,” he said. “During the Napoleonic wars he was arrested by a detachment of French soldiers who were making recruits forcibly for the French army. He was taken to Hamburg and locked up in a house on the Elba river. “But he jumped out of a second* story window and swam to a boat The boat was bound for Russia.” B B B To America THE rest of the story of Wilhelm Struve is known to every student of astronomy. His work attracted the attention of the czar and he was commissioned to build the famous Russian observatory a t Pulkowa. This observatory, at the time <4 its completion, had the finest equipmen of any in the world. Wilhelm served as the first director of the observatory. He waa succeeded as director by his son. Otto Struve. Two of Otto’s sons became astronomers. Herman served first at Pulkowa and then went to the University at Berlin. Ludwig became professor of astronomy at the University of Kharkov in southern Russia. Each of the brothers had a soil who entered astronomy. Herman’s son, Dr. George Struve, Is now professor of astronomy at the Univer* sity of Berlin. Ludwig’s son is thtf Dr. Otto Struve now in America. It was the World war which brought Dr. Otto Struve from Russia to America. During the war, he served in the Russian army. During the revolution, he served first in General Denekin’s army, later in General Wrangel’s army. When the Reds defeated Wrangel, he fled to Constantinople. While at Constantinople, he received an invitation from Prof. Frost, director of the Yerkes Observatory, to come to America and ■. esume his astronomical work. 800 Hereditary? OTUDENTS of heredity and en- £ vironment should find the Struve family worth studying. No doubt, the heredity enthusiasts will claim that here is an excel: 'fc example of the importance of heredity. On the other hand, in all probability, the environment enthusiasts will claim a victory for their side. They will claim that it was the environment of the great Pulkowa Observatory, rather than heredity, which was responsible for the line of astronomers. # The average citizen will be willing to grant part of the credit to each, assuming that it was an inherited aptitude plus growing up in an astronomical atmosphere that inclined the successive generations of the Struve family to the study of the stars. Dr. Otto Struve has been working on two of the most interesting problems in mdoern astronomy. One is that of the possibility of space containing faint thin clouds of gases in addition to the stars. The other is the problem of the pressure in stars. According to modern theory, each star is a great bubble of gas. Gravity tends to hold it together while internal pressure tends to blow it to pieces. The star continues in existenca because there is an equilibrium of balance between the two.

Daily Thought

But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect, and entire, wanting nothing.— James 1:4. To know how to wait is the great secret of success.—De Maistre. How many lives were lost in the San Francisco earthquake and fire? The earthquake occurred April 18, 1906. The total casualties were 266 killed by collapse of buildings, 177 by fire and 9 from incidental causes. What was the size of the United States standing army at the end of the last fiscal year? On June 30, 1930, the enlisted strength of the United States army was 117,821, exclusive of the Philippine Scouts.