Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 55, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 July 1931 — Page 6

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The Clean-Up Despite the public offer of an Indianapolis citizen to duplicate the face washing ot the statehouse by a Cincinnati corporation for $30,000 less of the people’s money, state officials smile complacently w T hen criticised for this waste or worse of public funds. The fact that the law was ignored entirely in the placing of the contract mean; nothing, apparently, when excessive charges for public work are made. Now it develops that two former Governors, whose records were not altogether happy, refused to do the very thing which has been done. Both McCray and Jackson were furnished with emergency funds for special uses. During their terms of office they had at times unexpended balances, and the suggestion was made to them that the statehouse needed a bath. These Governors shied away from any such use of the money in their care on the very sound argument that there is no “emergency” in this work and that the law contemplates that the legislature shall control any expense for such a purpose. If there was an emergency it was not in the condition of the statehouse itself. No one contends that the building was in any worse condition than it was during the session of the legislature.. That the contract was let during the absence jf the Governor, secretary of state and auditor, and was signed by their deputies should place the bondsmen of the state treasurer upon notice of the irregularity of the whole proceeding. If the law concerning competitive bids can be set aside by statements of a superjanitor that he had tried to get other firms to bid and did not succeed, then all safeguards of public expenditures are destroyed. The law says very clearly that there shall be competition. There was no competition. The offer of the Indianapolis citizen to save the people $30,000, the added testimony that estimates received during the McCray administration when all labor costs were higher, ran even less than this sum, the rank violation of law at every turn suggests that some public-minded citizen or organization should take steps to protect the public treasury. Cleaning the outside of the statehouse may not be as important as some work on the interior. A Philippine Report If the United States granted immediate independence to the Philippines and at the same time took away the privilege of free trade with this country the economic consequences to the Filipinos would be very serious. This is the view expressed by Governor General Dwight F. Davis in his annual report. It is a view shared by important Filipino leaders, including some who are devoutly desirous of early freedom for the Islands. Immediate independence, however, is being advocated by certain groups in this country as a measure of protection against imports from the Philippines, particularly sugar. And, of course, there are many among the islanders who want their freedom at once find regardless of the consequences. Very soon, it seems, with pressure thus from both sides, the United States must undertake serious reconsideration of its policy concerning the Philippines. During the present economic depression, according to Davis, the Philippines have fared better than most of the world. Prices are low, government revenues have declined and business has slowed up, but he asserts there has been little or no physical suffering and the government finished the year with a surplus. “Despite these favorable factors,” he says, “there Is no question that the one thing which saved the Philippine islands from a major economic disaster was the free access to the enormous American market. We could not have sold our sugar and many other Crops in any other market under the fierce competitive conditions and the low prices now prevailing. The financial, political and social effects which would have followed the loss of this market under the existing circumstances can hardly be estimated.” Seventy-two per cent of foreign trade was with the United States, the trade balance to the islands being favorable to the amount of 55,318,000 pesos. But, according to Davis, free trade has not been without benefit to the United States, since the sale of cotton goods, machinery, automotive supplies, canned milk, wheat flour and other articles have been steadily increasing over a period of years. Island importers would seek cheaper goods from sources closer at home were free trade ended, while the tropical products we purchase would in any event have to be obtained from overseas sources. Davis makes no recommendation on the issue of independence. His facts, however, are an argument against the islands cutting themselves entirely free from, this oountry. The right of the Philippines to their independence can not be denied—their right to have it whenever they want it. But this imperialistic chapter in our national history will not be made any brighter if we cut them loose for the reason, and in the brutal fcnanner, advocated by those interests which claim Sto be hurt by Philippine competition. Railroad Wages The Louisiana & Arkansas railroad, a short line bperating chiefly in those two states, reduced wages of its shopmen late last year, and changed rules governing their working conditions. The workers protested, but mediation failed and Arbitration failed. Then, acting under the law. President Hoover appointed an emergency board to investigate and report. The railroad had claimed its financial condition necessitated the wage cut. But the President's board found In its report that “there was nothing in the financial situation of the carrier, nor other eondi--1 C

The Indianapolis Times <A SCKIFFS-HOWABI* NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dailv (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cent* a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. BOY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON Editor President Business Manager PHONE—RI ley fisTl TUESDAY. JULY 14, 1931. Member of United Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

tions affecting it, which justified its action ... in reducing wages of its shoperafts below the standard prevailing over the country . . .” At White House conferences following the stock market crash of 1929 employers agreed they would not reduce wages during the depression, and employes that they would not strike for increased wages. President Hoover’s board found that, with a few unimportant exceptions, the L. & A. was the firet railroad to renounce this policy. “We feel,” said the board’s report, "that the carrier should not disturb the wage structure which other carriers, no better situated, are maintaining.” This presidential commission seems to have done a good job. It is to be hoped the railroad accepts its recommendations. Teachers, Preachers, Lawyers The American Federation of Teachers has just passed resolutions asking Governor Rolph of California to . rdon Mooney and Billings because its members ij/. it difficult, in face of this scandal, to teach young America that cur courts deal out evenhanded justice. The leading churchmen of all denominations are sending similar appeals on the ground that to keep a jail two innocent men upon the word of liars makes a mockery c* our Christian civilization. Among the professions the American Bar remains lent. Lawyers and judges, the repute of whose calling is the most seriously affected by the flagrant anarchy, corrup + ion and tyranny of the California judicial system in these trials, should be the first to protest and demand restitution. Because they have been trained to bow to judicial precedent and worship the iav’s letter will they shrug their shoulders and pass by on the other side? The latest demonstration of this legal formalism is the refusal of the Wickersham commission to make puhlic a report of its own experts on the MooneyBillings cases. A federal commission charged with exposing and curbing lawlessness, even of the law itself, remains silent on the big American example of judicial failure. Dr. John Barker Waite of the University of Michigan law school told the Institute of Public Affairs in Virginia last week that Sawyers more than the law must take the blame for judicial abuses. He is right. Until the American bar courageously sets about to cleanse its profession, from the crooked bailiff up to the robed member of the bench, it will remain a coconspirator with the underworld, a “truant in the law” itself. A Yellow Dog Bench There is little of the spirit of Faneuil Hall or the Boston Tea Party in the supreme court of Massachusetts. The noble democratic sentiments of James Otis and Samuel Adams have evaporated in the atmosphere of the banking and textile barons. The national committee on labor injunctions induced the Massachusetts legislature to offer a bill outlawing the notorious yellow dog contracts which compel a laborer to agree not to join a labor union as a condition of being employed. This is probably the most notorious instrument of capitalistic autocracy now freely used in our country. If there is a reprehensible type of class oppression, this is it. It is, moreover, a rank violation of any true freedom of contract. But the august bench which allowed Sacco and Vanzetti to go to the chair found that the yellow dog system was indispensable to freedom of contract in the great codfish commonwealth. An anti-yellow dog bill would deprive a man of his freedom to make contracts. If it were not so serious a matter, one might break into an ironical smile as he reads the assertion of the court that the spirit of an anti-yellow dog bill “appears to be class legislation and to impair quality before the law and equal protection of equal laws to all persons.” So the yellow dog contract is the symbol of social equality and human freedom in Massachusetts in July, 1931. Such are the changes in human opinions and values in the last 155 years. “Matrimony,” says Peggy Hopkins Joyce, “is a serious business.” A business which, she will agree, sometimes pays handsome dividends. Some Presidents have dams named after them; others are just damned.

REASON

IT beats the world how the fates are doing their worst to stir up trouble between this country and Mexico! First of all, just when for the first time in many years we were standing knee deep in clover with our Mexican brethren, this Oklahoma sheriff shot those two Mexican students. a a a Then that sheriff was acquitted and that did not leave a very delicious taste in Mexico’s mouth. And now r on top of everything else a judge up in Chicago sends the Mexican consul at Chicago to jail for contempt of court. The judge let him out again, but Mexico doesn’t feel hilarious about it. a a a It makes you wonder where trouble is to break loose and it is up to all of us, north and south of the Rio Grande, to keep our respective shirts on, for we must keep the peace in North America in order that the rest of the world may have a pattern to work after. If we should chase the dove off the nest, Europe would forget what peace really looks like. a a a SHOULD anything more occur to throw an additional monkey wrench into the international transmission, Dwight Morrow will have to resign as senator from New Jersey and go back to Mexico, where he cured an old case of lumbago which had made both countries walk the floor for many years. a a a Foreign representatives are immune from all arrest and surveillance in this country, this being the reason that foreign embassies at Washington are permitted to carrv a large stock of fire water, while so many millions of worthy Americans are compelled to go around with their tongues hanging out. a a a BUT this Chicago judge is not the first of our magistrates to seek to throw the protecting mantle of his jurisdiction over the representative of a foreign government. For instance, once upon a time, a justice of the peace down in Connecticut arrested a foreign diplomat, we believe it was the British ambassador, for speeding, and made him leave his watch and several of his decorations for bail. But the intentions of these magistrates were good. a a a Which reminds us of a story we heard today. A town drunk was tottering up the street and finally fell into a horse trough. After he had lain there for some time a policeman came along and was in the act of dragging the drunk out of the water when he lookedat the policeman and said: “That's all right, captain, but don't rescue me—women and children first!”

BY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE UN DIAiN AEOLUS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

With Sublime Confidence the World Is Waiting for the Right Witch Doctor to Make His Appearance. NEW YORK, June 14.—One hundred and forty two years ago today—July 14, 1789—a Parisian mob stormed the bastille. It was the dawn of anew era which is chiefly amazing because of what its sposors did not foresee. No one recognized the great genius of that era at the time, much less the kind of drama by which he would bring it to a climax, a a a Boundless Conceit Napoleon bonaparte had barely begun his military career when the bastille fell, with little to indicate the tempest he would one day raise, or how he would capitalize the democratic fervor of the times to king it not only over common folks, but over the royal breed as well. A lieutenant of twenty, with small body, big head, a passion for saving his native island of Corsica and boundless conceit —who would have picked him as future emperor of France, especially when France was making a blood covenant with democracy? a a a After the Bastille WE do well to remember the nightmare conclusion to this heroic dream at a lime when all the world is troubled and perplexed, when the popular mind has been made gullible with fatigue and half the leaders are doing little but cough up wisecracks, or platitudes. Looking back from the distance of a century and more, we can see the queerness of what happened after the bastille was stormed —how men mistook one emotion for another, and how six years of confusion gave rise to a passion for peace and discipline which made it possible for an ambitious man to immolate a whole continent on the altar of his greed. a a a No Different Now WHEN it comes to an inability to understand causes, or foresee results, the era which succeeded the fall of the bastille has nothing on the one through which we are passing. Recall, if you please, what we were told when we entered the war, or when we came out of it, not by ordinary folks, or soap-box orators, but by our ablest men, and then compare it with what has occurred since. Or if that is going too far back, recall what was said about this depression when it first broke out, or about the imminent return of prosperity on innumerable occasions. a a a Enter Napoleon THE world is waiting for the right witch doctor to make his appearance, with sublime confidence that he will surely do so if it waits long enough. Mass thinking, as some are pleased to call it, has resulted in nothing so definitely as a superstitious faith in some leader, or some scheme to pop up and cure everything. That was exactly the kind of a stage they set for Napoleon, and ■what a drama he put on it. a a a Saved for Democracy PEOPLE have marveled at the number of dictatorships set up in a world supposed to be saved for democracy, and more still at the peculiar favor they appear to enjoy in those very countries that were “freed” to escape oppression, or for the sake of “minority rights.” That is what usually happens when we poor mortals quit thinking on our own account and get to seeing things, either because of what ■we have been promised, or by virtue of mob psychology. That is what landed Mussolini on top of the heap in Italy, Mustapha Kemal in Turkey, Pilsudski in Poland, Horthy in Hungary and King Carol in Rumania. ff St St The Same Yeast THE same kind of yeast is working not only in Germany, but in some other countries, and the longer this depression lasts, the stronger it will work. Paradoxical as it may seem, mass thinking always runs to one-man-rule system, with a boss, efficiency with a book of rules, discipline with someone to wield the whip. When people elect to travel in one ship, they must expect to obey one captain. The same goes for the cne-party system, or the one corporation idea. We need to take counsel, especially here in America, lest science lead us back to the philosophy of despotism, with an autocrat to make us efficient, or czar to make us safe. That is ,what science has done for Russia, with a Stalin in the Kremlin, and that is what it will do for people anywhere who become oversold on the witch medicine of expertness to relieve them from the task of thinking.

RltCOAyfjb'THE" -

WILLIAMS’ SENATE SPEECH July 14 ON July 14, 1917, Senator John Sharp Williams of Mississippi delivered a speech in the United States senate in answer ot Senator Stone’s assertion that “we are in the war unwisely. Extracts from the speech follow: “The President and the administration did do everything that human intellect could conceive for the purpose, if possible, of bringing an end to the war. The President came to this chamber and made that speech which was criticised, not only abroad, but here in this chamber, as being a ‘peace-at-any-price’ speech —the celebrated speech in which he said we must have peace without victory. , . . “Now we are in it; we have got to see it through—not only to a successful issue of this war, -but, while we are about it, to a just and permanent treaty which shall, as far as possible, make war cease to be a game of national athletes. . . . “We propose now. in time of war, to prepare for peace, and for a just and lasting peace, and we are going through with it . . . until we seen it through, not only to peace, but to a just and lasting peace, a righteous peace,”

Remember Now —No Philandering!

Protect Head and Eyes From Sun

This is the sixth of a series of seven articles by Dr. Morris Fishbeln on the “Summer Care of Health.” BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Ilygeia, the Health Magazine. THE ability to keep cool in summer depends on the application of a good deal of common sense. Proper clothing is important.. The head and the eyes should be protected from the sun. The clothing should be light and loose, and should be sufficiently porous to permit radiation of heat from the body. A cool shower in the morning and evening, followed by brisk drying with a thick towel is stimulating to the skin and makes one feel much better. Exercise is healthful, if properly controlled. Riding in an open car

IT SEEMS TO ME

EVERY business has its highlights and vagaries. But dealers in books, I imagine, are the most fortunate (or harassed), in that their clientele represents a more diversified group than any other. Practically everybody buys or borrows a book sooner .or later —men, women, boys and girls. But that isn’t the point entirely. It’s the kind of people who patronize book stores that sets them apart from any other kind of business establishment. Os course, interest varies somewhat, depending upon the locale of a particular shop. For instance, people who patronize our larger and swankier shops, such as Womrath’s, are for the most part sophisticated adults. They are usually informed as to the latest fiction, biography, poetry or whatever it is that interests them. They know what they want. And if a particular book is in circulation it is easy for them to choose a substitute. Or in some cases they may consult the librarian to assist them in making a choice. And if she has read the blurbs diligently and can size up her customer it isn’t difficult to recommend the proper book. The entire transaction is conducted in a quiet and efficient manner. An aura of sanctified respectability seems to permeate the atmosphere of these stores —even when a volume of the frankest Erotica is being subrosaed from seller to buyer. a a a On Coney Island HOWEVER, the small neighborhood bookstores are the ones that offer invaluable material to a keen student of psychology. A case in point is a small shop on the Coney Island boardwalk. Os course, during the summer season this store attracts purchasers from the four corners of the earth. But for the most part their trade is local. It is made up mainly of young housewives, an occasional husband, and scads of children ranging in age from about 5 all the way to 17 and 18. The young lady who manages this shop happens to be a friend of mine. She had told me many stories of the amusing and annoying incidents of her working day. My curiosity was aroused. I decided it might be worth the effort to go down and see for myself. I did. I saw and heard and was amazed. Seventeen women came in, one

after the other, and asked for “Call Her Savage.” .The only two copies the store boasts happened to be out. Miss X suggested something else. “Oh, no,” exclaimed one young woman. “I don’t want anything else. I don’t see why you haven’t got that one in.” “Well, you see,” patiently explained Miss X, “every one else seems to feel the same way about it as you do. The book has been in circulation continuously since it came in. But here’s a swell book, 'The Great Jasper,’ by Fulton Oursler. Have you read that?” “No. But that’s an old book. I wouldn’t be interested.” a a a Great Broun Novel A CHILL of apprehension overcame me. I expect to write anew novel very shortly. I had visions of expending superhuman effort oa this masterpiece, “This

under the sun is not suitable exercise for hot weather. Neither is four hours of tennis on a sun-beaten tennis court. All forms of exercise in hot weather should be mild. Golf, horseback riding, boating and swimming are among the sports preferred, but even these are best taken early in the morning or late in the afternoon than in the heat of the day. . Adequate amounts of sleep do much to prepare a person for the special stress associated with summer conditions. The use of plenty of water, at least eight glasses a day, has been mentioned repeatedly. Food is best taken in small quantities at moro frequent intervals than in larger quantities three times a day. One of the greatest dangers in

book,” I comfortably reflected, “will be appreciated by posterity.” Bud now I have my doubts. My confidence has been shattered. As a matter of fact, I am seriously considering abandoning the novel entirely. Instead, I think I shall write a book on etiquette. Emily Post still is a best seller. One rather elderly lady with a simper tripped in and asked for “Desire Under the Bridge,” by Theodore Dreiser. I looked my astonishment. Had Dreiser written a new bcok that no one knew about? Impossible. Miss X noticed my bewilderment, smiled silently and handed the lady her book. It was “The Bridge of Desire,” by Warwick Deeping. But the most amusing incident of

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—ln the past few, weeks a great deal of discussion concerning the morning parking ban has found it’s way into your columns. Kindly allow me to present an entirely different angle to this much discussed subject. Seemingly the downtoum merchants are doing the biggest part of the yelling over the tow-in. Threats of injunctions, appearances before the city council and what not and all on the part of the business men. Now why? Do you really think it is because they are interested in Mr. and Mrs. motorist farther than the dollar that they will spend? I for one don’t think so. To get to the very bottom of it all it becomes evident that the merchants are extremely jealous. They are afraid that wc will spend our money with the neighborhood merchants or with one of the most progressive firms doing business in this city. This most progressive firm came to this city and showed the Merchants Association that they could do business some place other than on Washington street, between Illinois and Pennsylvania streets. They came here with the full realization that the automobile was a convenience that is used by the shopper every day. Furthermore, they didn’t buy part of the street that belongs to you and me, they didn’t make it impossible to park around their store for fear of a sticker, but they did buy a big lot where we may park as long as we wish. They showed that progress of a city depend:; on the expansion of the trading area. It is really preposterous when we stop to think that a city of nearly four hundred thousand people has its downtown trading area confined to a very few blocks on one street. A small town idea of the main street type. For years the merchants downtown have seen to it that every city street car has passed by and unloaded at their very doors. Efforts to bring about crosstown lines have met a most vigorous opposition from the business men. The same old fear that we would spend our money out in the community. Then these same men come to the rescue and gallantly defend the motorist because he is abused and can’t park in the morning. Their gallantry is a mere sham in the eyes of those that see through the whole thing. Their defense is not for the motorist but for their pocketbooks. It is time that we were spreading our business area and taifing our place with other cities.

summer is the attempt of the desk and indoor worker to get a good coat of tan in one afternoon. Summer lasts for several months. A half hour or an hour in the sun once each day is a much safer way to acquire a coat of tan than seven hours in sunlight the first day on the beach. Traveling in hot weather is extremely difficult. Railway coaches are notoriously close and hot. Tropical experts advise avoiding small rooms and the use of open coaches. Fans help circulate the air, as does the speed of the train. If thin, double .roofs are used, if the windows are protected by awnings or colored glass, and if there is plenty of ventilation, traveling, in hot weather can be just as comfortable as in cooler times.

ov HEYWOOD BROUN

all occurred during a lull toward the end of the day. A rather staid, dignified woman came in. She couldn’t seem to find what she wanted. Miss X offered to assist her, suggesting several of the more recent novels. The woman sighed. “No, miss; it’s no use. These books are too dirty. Why, in Michael’s Gold’s ‘Jews Without Money’ they even printed that word—well, I can’t repeat it. But it’s a word of one syllable, and refers to a woman of the’ streets. I don’t care for these sex stories. I guess I’ll have to stick to Shakespeare.” I wondered if she had read “Venus and Adonis” and “The Rape of Lucrece.” (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

This city is large enough to get away from the small town idea of the hitching rack around the court house. We are large enough to take on big city ideas that others who come here may feel that we are a big and progressive city, a capital city. Just a closing thought. Wouldn’t these men do some real crying if they were in Chicago where downtown parking is banned all day? CHESTER F. PETERSEN. Editor Times—The citizens of Indianapolis should demand the immediate trial of the alleged slayers of Lafayette A. Jackson. Such action would stop crime in this city. Charles Vernon Witt and Louis E. Hamilton should be tried by Judge Frank P. Baker. A CITIZEN. What is a certified check? A bank check that has stamped on its face the word “accepted,” “certified,” “good.” or some equivalent word, together with the signature of the proper bank official, showing that the check is genuine and that the drawer has enough funds in the bank to meet the check.

About This Depression That's a question everybody asks and for which there is no positive answer. How long do business depressions last on the average? How often do they occur? How many times has the United States had a depression? Are they all alike? In what do they differ? What are their causes? What remedies have been applied? How does the present depression differ from others? These are questions to which there are more or less complete answers, and they and many other similar questions are answered in our Washington bureau’s latest bulletin —HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL DEPRESSIONS. This bulletin contains interesting and informative material of an authoritative kind on business cycles crises, panics and industrial depressions in the United States. You will want to read it and keep it for reference purposes. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 134, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL DEPRESSIONS, and enclose herewith five cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled, United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs: Name . Street and Number .1 City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this colujnn are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ot this paper.—The Editor.

3JULY 14,1931'

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ—

The Universe Is Like a Clock . Perhaps in Fifteen Trillion More Years It Will Stop Ticking. A GREAT sea of pitch-black empty space, with here and there a handful of charred cinders drifting aimlessly in the cold darkness. That, according to many eminent astronomers, is the ultimata fate awaiting our universe. In time, they believe, the stars will grow cold and go out. And so will our sun. And this earth, dependent upon the sun for its light and heat, will become a frozen cinder, spinning around a cinder of a sun. The view is a gloomy one and many will prefer not to accept it. Deductions about the universe are hard to make, because it is only within the last twenty years that information has begun to be accumulated upon which satisfactory deductions can be made. It may be. therefore, that in another decade the astronomers who now hold this view, will change it But nevertheless, it is interesting to review the evidence upon which they base the present view. The current view of the fate of the universe grows out of the accepted theory for the origin of the energy of stars and the sun. This is that the energy of the bodies arises from the complete annihilation within them of very heavy atoms. Lighter atoms, such as exist in the outer layers of the stars or the sun, or such as compose this earth, are merely the debris left from the explosion of the heavy or “lucid” atoms, as they are called. a a m Like Squirrels SINCE the stars and the sun shine at the expense of their own weight, they must grow smaller and smaller with the passage of time. Eventually all the lucid atoms within them will have been turned Into radiation and dissipated into space. 'The stars and the sun will havo, shrunk to 1 per cent their present size, consisting of matter like that here on earth, the by-product of thg explosion of the lucid atoms. When that day arrives, the stars and the sun will have turned themselves for the most part into wave* of energy which wilL go wandering aimlessly abound and around space. Prof. J. H. Jeans, who holds on the basis of the Einstein theory that space Is limited and curved pictures these waves wandering around and around like squirrels in a cage. This theory of a universe disappearing because matter is turned into energy, naturally brings up the question of whether the universe could not reappear as the result of energy turning back into matter. Jeans discusses this question, but answers it in the negative. “It has been suggested," he writes, that the radiation poured out from millions of stars through millions of millions of years may ultimately cause space to become overcrowded with radiation, just as a cage would become overcrowded with squirrels If we kept putting them in and never took any out.” a a a May Crystallize r T'HE situation might be compared to dropping lump after lump of sugar into the same cup of tea, Professor Jeans continues. Finally the tea would become saturated with sugar and refuse to dissolve any more unless some already dissolved was to crystallize* out. It is here that the analogy brings a ray of hope. sPerhaps as matter continuously dissolves into energy the point will be reached where some of the energy will crystallize back into matter. But Jeans tells us from his calculations that the comparison of a teacup and lumps of sugar will not do. The situation is more like dropping grains of sugar into the Atlantic ocean. The Atlantic ocean is space. The grain of sugar is the visible universe. And the question, says Jeans, is how many grains of sugar will turn the Atlantic ocean sweet. That will tell you how many universes will have to turn to radiation to crowd space. Write down the figure 30 and put forty-seven ciphers after it. Tha* figure, he says, represents the number of universes which could be turned into radiation and contained in space without overcrowding. And so Jeans gloomily tells us the universe is like a clock wound up at some time in the distant past* and now slowly running down. Some day, perhaps in fifteen trillion more years, it will stop ticking.

Daily Thought

He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion of stumbling in him.—John 2:10. Love and you shall be loved.— Emerson.