Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 54, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 July 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

SCKIPPJ-MOWAJtO

Teachers’ Tenure Whateve. may be the outcome of two suits filed by city school teachers against the local board, all Citizens will be deeply interested in th eprotection of the teachers' tenure law from any invasions or evasions. In the cases before the courts there is the definite Charge that the board is attempting to eliminate all friarried women from the teaching force. On that question, there may be quite properly a tjivlslon of opinion. The woman who is herself a mother, might be better equipped for teaching the children of others than those who do not have said personal experience. The argument, of course, is that in days of degression, public work should go to those who have no other means of support. But even a general rule ©r a general inclination on the part of authorities to par all married women would not fit into this policy. There may be teachers, single women, with independent means who find the schools a pleasant occupation, but whose financial needs are really less than those of the married woman. But violation of the teachers’ tenure is more fundamental than the question of married women as teachers or the .financial needs of the individual. That law was passed in order to drive politics and unfairness from the school system. It provided security for a profession that had been fiotably insecure. It provides that those who have held a position in the public schools for a period of five years may not be discharged except for cause. It provides that there Shall be a hearing, a public one, before the board and that the courts may then review the action. There was a deep reason for this law. Politics dominate many school systems. The bringing of a Dew superintendent often resulted in wholesale changes of teachers, often for no other reason than the new executive lacked imagination to do anything except discharge teachers and supplant them with jriends and favorites. There w&s also the reason that the state provides for a retirement fund after years of service and teachers could be robbed of this right through arbitrary action on the part of authorities. ~ That law gave the teacher the security which workers in other groups and trades and professions are demanding. It was a long step forward in the settlement of human relationships. It sets an example which private industry might follow, but is now only attained through labor unions and mass action. Any school board which invades this law by any Subterfuge is headed for trouble, doubly deserved. The Grain Gamblers President Hoover’s denunciation of speculators tnay for the moment divert public attention from the blunders of the farm board. It may provide the southwestern farmer, getting 30 or 35 cents a bushel for his wheat, with something at which to direct his Wrath. But.it will not increase the price of wheat. It may be, as the President says, that a 6mall group of speculators-by selling short have depressed prices. It has been shown in the past when grain gambling was under fire that large scale operations by small groups cari| influence prices without regard to the law of supply and demand. * However, a variety of other factors are probably more important. Chief among these is the fact that the farm board’s holdings of 200,000,000 bushels of wheat, acquired in the biggest speculative venture of til time, are and have been a threat to the market and have depressed prices. The decision of the board to continue selling at least a part of its store in competition with the new crop, despite the demand of farmers that it be held until prices are better, likewise has unfavorably affected the market. Wheat prices moreover have declined in sympathy With all commodity prices. The export market has collapsed. The country is producing more wheat this year than last, with a surplus already in hand. The 4’orld crop is good. Russia, once the largest exporter of wheat, again has to be reckoned with in markets that have been consuming American grain. Speculation of the kind to which the President alludes may be an evil thing—evil in Wall Street as well as in the Chicago wheat pit. The gamblers ‘imake their profit from the losses of other people.” t'hey are parasites. They should, no doubt, as the President demands in the name of patriotism, close up their transactions and desist from their manipulations. Curbing speculation is difficult, however. Hedging Is generally conceded to be a useful and necessary device for farmers, millers and the legitimate dealers, providing them with what amounts to insurance. The problem is to permit these legitimate transactions In futures and keep out gambling, against which there has been long and bitter complaint. Since $922 the government has had a grain futures law Which permits the supervision of exchanges by the department of agriculture. Sales are reported and published without names in an effort to prevent Squeezing and cornering. Business conduct committees operating under the law in co-operation with tiie government apparently have been ineffectual, although Secretary Jardine, who set them up three jjears ago, was very optimistic, ' The law does not give the government' authority <p prevent short selling or excessive trading. Probably the law needs strengthening. Then President sioover could order proceedings against the speculators he regrets that he is not now permitted even tp name. * The price of wheat meanwhile will continue to be made largely by world supply and world demand, simple and inescapable fact is that we have vastly more wheat than we can sell, at home or abroad. It’s a wholesome thing for the President & get mad at the grain gamblers, but it will hardly Oorrect this world condition. t ~ The New Censorship t We refuse to get excited over the latest presidential “press censorship.” It is just one of those cases pi which & man inauthority, under the pressure of leeling, loses his head for a moment and does a silly thing. * Such a censorship could be serious only if it were affective. It will not be. American newspapers will sot let the President or any one else dictate what they print and what they shall not print. Free press ft not only guaranteed by the Constitution; it is demanded by the American people. i To be ture, editors and reporters are human. A lew of them will be intimidated by the censorship edict from the White House; but those few are apt to |e the same ones who have always printed more or seia what the White House desired anyway. pn most editors and White House reporters will be to •*fce them-eveo mote <Je4enninedto carry <rat their

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214*220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. lnd. Price in Marion County. 2 ’ cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON Editor President Business Manager . ’ PHONE—Riley 5551 MONDAY. JULY 13. 1931, Member of United Presa. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. "Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

.-“blic trust of getting all the legitimate news and printing it without fear or favor. And speaking of printing the news, we are rather ashamed ro print this—but here it is: “The President s secretary stated today that, as a .suit of a scries of ‘leaks,’ only such news as is given out through ‘stater, channels’ of the executive offices should be printed by the newspapers of the country.” Who Has the Money? Who is going to pay for the billion-dollar federal deficit, and for the federal debt retirement charges increased by the moratorium, and for the increased public works to stimulate business revival? Somebody must pay; every one admits that. But who? Who is going to pay the coming increase in federal taxes? It is not only a question of who should pay. It is a question of who can pay. Who has the money? Certainly not the fifth of the population which Is unemployed or dependent on the unemployed. Certainly not the farmers of the nation, many of whom can not even meet their mortgages. Certainly not the general wage-earning classes, whose savings have been cut to the danger point. Certainly not the small professional and business men, who have been brought close to bankruptcy by the prolonged depression. But surely, after our long period of high prosperity and big profits, there must be taxable money left somewhere in the country. Where Is It? In giving a statistical answer to the question, “Where did prosperity go? John P. Frey of the American Federation of Labor submitted to the public affairs institute of the University of Virginia the following figures: While the total volume of wages was increasing, from 1923 to 1929, only from $11,000,000,000 to $11,421,000,000, corporation dividends were increasing during the same period from $930,648,000 to $3,478,000,000; net additions to profits of banks were increasing from $279,000,000 to $556,000,000, and interest paid to bond holders was increasing from $2,469,000,000 to $7,588,000,000. As economists have pointed out repeatedly, this overconcenti ation of wealth, limiting the purchasing power of the consuming masses, is one of the chief and continuing causes of the depression. It is just that those who took more than their share of the joint profits of capital and labor during the rich years should now help carry the country through the lean years. But whether that is just or not, that concentration of wealth Is the only great source of revenue which the government can tap to meet its mounting debts. As Others See Us It rather hurts to have an Englishman tell us something as true as that which Winston Churchill just has put into words about us. “The average Englishman,” he says, “indignant at some scandal or ill usage, feels he can put the matter right. The average American feels quite sure that he can not. Public opinion and the sensitive flexibility of our parliamentary institutions wiU*very quickly sweep away in England an unpopular law. The American resigns himself to put up with it or evade it . . . “Having slipped into prohibition unawares, America is unable to escape from its deadly embrace. The law can not be altered, it appears. Therefore it must be broken or evaded; and broken and evaded it has been on a scale without example in the history of self-respecting communities.” Now that anew chewing gum with gin flavor has been introduced, what is an imbiber to use to take his breath away? A restaurant in New York is selling colored bread. Other'restaurants just blacken your toast. Dorothy thinks the Elizabethans were more polite than modern because they had better manors. The Fascists probably think that their salute gives them the upper hand. Now that A1 Capone is reported to be broke perhaps he would revise the old slogan to read: “Nothing recedes like success.” Capablanca, chess, champion, has been named to a government post in Cuba. It is expected he wiU take his time making moves. REASON f lTndT| 'T'URKEY is hard up for money and she is going to A tax the Angora goat and the Angora goat is indignant about it, but he should not be because he does great damage to crops. a a a Now take the case of the poor American goat; he’s too mild to do any damage to anything, but ever since the war, Europe has been taxing him until he’s about ready to burn the war mortgage and forget it. a a a It’s mighty good news to read that while many Mexicans are outraged by the acquittal of the Oklahoma deputy sheriff who killed the Mexican students, the Mexican Olympic committee is to send a team to participate in the games in Los Angeles next year. We hope the Mexicans carry home a barrel of trophies. MRS. MURIEL VANDERBILT CHURCH, who recently amputated Mr. Church, is going to marry Mr. Phelps, thus balancing young Cornelius Vanderbilt who is about to amputate Mrs. Vanderbilt. This country ought to set aside a separate marriage altar and divorce emporium just for the Vanderbilts. Some of them are always going or coming. a a U Bernt Balchen, the famous flier who flew to France and to the south pole with Byrd, has filed application for citizenship. Welcome, old man, you’d honor any land! a an Not having enough to do with stabilizing Germany and South America, Uncle Sam has just joined in a plan to help Hungary. Alongside the old man in the beaver hat and the red, white and. blue ensemble, Santa Claus is just, a piker. He just loafs around the north pole and comes out at Christmas time, but Uncle Sam is chasing up and down the chimneys of the whole wide world all the year ’round. a a a THE members of the British house of commons are suffering from the heat. This last week Lloyd George skinned a parliamentary brother alive, several other members shouted “treason” when a mate made a speech, while another member was carried out bodily for insulting the majesty of the speaker. a a a The department of commerce makes the statement that this country has two-thirds of all the automobiles in the world. We know this Is so, for we live on a state road and there’s light at the comer. And we know something that the department of commerce does not know—hall of them ought to have thifir brato** relinecL

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Present Day America Has Gone Crazy Over a Limited Group of Industries. NEW YORK, July 13.—The debt holiday has not worked cut as expected. Less than ten days since it was agreed on at Paris, and look at the situation. Not that the situation is understandable, but quite the reverse, which makes it all the more alarming. There has been a regular raid on the Reischsbank, bringing its gold reserve down to. $25,000,000 and causing the mark to take a bad dive. That’s why Hans Luther, head of the bank, went to Paris in such hot haste. He didn’t get the loan, though for just what reason no one seems to know, though he probably will get it later on. a a a France Bargaining BY common report, France is out to drive another sharp bargain. She has the necessary cash and does not appear dissatisfied with the collateral, but realizing Germany’s desperate need, .proposes to exact more political promises and guarantees as part of the transaction. Meanwhile, France is withdrawing large quantities of gold from Englang, where she has been keeping it in cold storage. British officials intimate this is to embarrass them at the forthcoming disarmament conference, but French officials imply that it is to help Germany. a a a 'Farce,’ Says Lewis WHETHER inspired by these events, or because he thought so all along, James Hamilton Lewis, Democratic senator-elect from Illinois, rises to describe the debt holiday scheme as a “farce,” and to advise his party colleagues that if they want to get anywhere in 1932, they would better pick out some issue besides the tariff. Whether you agree with Mr. Lewis about the tariff, there are other issues which ought to be discussed, and some of them are much closer home than any custom house, or foreign market. a a a Overdose of Oil Twenty-two thousand oil wells are being closed down in Kansas, which means that 30,000 men will be thrown out of work. There is every indication that even a larger number of wells will be closed down in other states, with a large number of men thrown out of work. The latest prices posted for crude oil in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas run from 10 to 22 cents a barrel. That won’t pay for getting the oil out of the ground, much less affording a return on the investment. < We are suffering from an overdose of oil, just as we are suffering from an overdose of wh.at. \ a a a Underproduction Overproduction in certain lines, coupled with underproduction in others, has had a great deal to do with the present depression. We can see the overproduction and its effects without difficulty, but when it comes to underproduction, we are hopelessly blind. The trouble with present-day America is that it has gone crazy over a limited group of industries. ’ • a a a Inflexible BUSINESS is becoming a gigantic structure of conservatism. The massing, merging, combining and systematizing which characterize its development on every hanaonly tend to make it more and more inflexible. There is less and less capacity to cope with those constant changes and eliminations which progress involves. The tragedy now going on in our coal fields vividly illustrates this point. a a a Coal Market Sour EVERY one is trying to solve the coal problem without recognizing the one essential fact that some new place must be found for thousands of miners and millions of capital. The coal market has just gone sour. No wage agreement, or new scheme of operation can restore it, not so long as crude oil sells for 20 cents a barrel, or natural gas for 5 cents a thousand cubic feet at the well head. a a a Racket Efficiency nr'O the same extent that we worA ship organization on the one hand, we fear it on the other. That, more than anything else, explains the rapid growth of racketeering and gang rule. Vice has simply borrowed a page from our business ritual—merged, consolidated, kept books and installed an efficiency system. The killings would not have been half so impressive but for the funerals. The trial of a real he racketeer has become quite as grave an affair as the trial of a cabinet officer. If you don’t believe it, follow the Jack (Legs) Diamond show which is just opening in court at Troy, N. Y.

Questions and Answers

What is the origin and meaningj of the names Mansfield and Whit- i man? They are British family names. Mansfield is derived from a locality and Whitman means- “son of White.” In what countries was the picture “Trader Horn” filmed?. any natives killed in producing the picture? “Trader Horn” was produced in Africa, Mexico and California. No natives were killed in producing if. Is a naturalized citizen eligible to the office of Vice-President 0 f the United States? The same provision of the Constitution applies to the Vice-Presi-j dent as to the President, and a nat- j uralized citizen is not eligible. What is the official pole vault record? The official world pole vault record :1s 44 feet I*4 inches, made by Lee Jpxnes at Fresno, Cal., April aa mg -, ■ - ’ ; -;i /-•

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Heat Stroke Treatment Described

This is the fifth of a series of seven tinfely articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on “Summer Care of Health." BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TN his guide for people who are living in the tropics, Professor Aldo Castellani suggests that the first step in heat stroke is to loosen the clothing, to get the person into as cool a place as possible, to put the person on a bed covered with large rubber sheet and then to rub ice and cold water over the body. In order to aid radiation from the body, electric fans may be used. At the same time that the ice is rubbed over the skin, it is well to apply vigorous friction or massage in order to promote the circulation

IT SEEMS TO ME

VERY often in the past I have turned over this space to correspondents with real or imaginary complaints. But here is a letter from my secretary that registers a legitimate kick. Miss Beatrice Norton speaking: “I hear that Walter Winchell’s secretary has been writing letters to her boss in this column. Being of a naturally timid disposition, I had hesitated airing my woes. But if other secretaries can ankle into a column and speak for publication, why not I? a a a Pity the Secretary “T ISTEN, Mr. Broun, I know A J you’re getting a terrific kick out of being a producer. I’m getting just as much fun out of it as you. Well, all right, then, almost as much. It’s true I can’t get away to attend rehearsals and have my plc r ture taken with a bevy of adoring chorus boys sitting on my knee. “But it has been fun to receive celebrities—would-be find otherwise —distribute them around the studio, the private office and the roof, serve them tall, cool glasses of nectar anal otherwise keep them from absolute mental collapse while awaiting the arrival of the impresario. “It was fun, for the first five days, to have people exclaim: —‘Oh, a penthouse! How wonderful! Such delightful disarray! Why, even if I didn’t know it I’d guess immediately that Heywood Broun lives here. The place just oozes his personality! “Oh, yeah? Well, you tell them for me, Mr. Broun, to come around here some day and watch my hair turn gray as I attempt to wade through that disarray and clean up a pile of correspondence five weeks oid. What'll I Do? “'T'HERES that letter, for inA stance, from Mr. Harry C. Foster upbraiding you for that Trader Horn column. He says that your column ‘seems to emanate from the pen of an Infidel, one of the class of Albert Einstein . . .’ He quotes Bible texts at. you. And he

JEWISH LAW REPEAL July 13

ON July 13, 1917, the text of the decree of the Russian provisional government repealing -all laws, restricting the civil, political and religious rights of the Jews was revealed. “All existing legal restrictions,” the report said, “upon the rights of Russian citizens, in connection with this or that faith, religious teaching or nationality, are revoked. In accordance with this: “1. Repealed are all the laws existing for Rusisans as a whole, as well as those of separate localities, embodying limitations concerning: “2. Selection of place of residence and change of residence and movement. “3. Engaging in all kinds of trades, commerce and industry, not ! excepting mining; also equal participation in the bidding for government contracts, deliveries and in public auctioxk.” In the drafting of these laws, Jewish lawyers were called into consultation by the muiistry of justice.

‘But That’s Only Half of It!’

One of the dangers of the cold sponge is collapse. For this reason the patient’s temperature is taken regularly and when it falls to 101.6 degrees (taken by the bowel instead of by the mouth), it Is customary to stop the application of cold water sponging or the ice rub, to cover the patient with blankets and to watch him carefully in order that he shall not collapse. In some instances serious symptoms have resulted, because of increase in the cerebrospinal fluid. Hence, in serious cases spinal fluid is removed by the physician through spinal puncture. Not infrequently it is also desirable to remove some of the blood from the patient by opening a vein in order to restore normal circulation.

does give his address. So we must answer him, Mr. Broun. “What’ll I tell him? • • “Then there’s a. letter that came in on June 16 from Mr. Samuel

Peoples Voice

Editor Times—l would show Sherman Long that “Lucifer” does not exist, therefore, this economic crisis is not of his making. Webster defines Lucifer as “the brilliant, ambitious angel.” The Lutheran Bible and the revised version do not contain the word “Lucifer.” A careful reading of Isaiah 15: 4, 16 will disclose that the prophet was speaking to the king and applied this name “Lucifer” to the king. The early church fathers were mistaken in this matter. The origin of Lucifer or Satan can not be proven. Theologians would have it that he tempted Adam and Eve. The Bible says it was a “serpent, the most subtle of all of the beasts of the field.” “On the sixth day God saw everything; he had made and behold, it was very good.” Too much patriotism has been taught among the nations of the earth and not the real religion of Jesus, “the brotherhood of all men.” When the various nationalities come to America and work side by side in our factories they become acquainted and are no longer enemies bounded by the borders of the countries of Europe. The gospel of Jesus was a social one. There is not a word in the Lord’s Prayer asking to be taken to heaven or saved from hell. The Jews understood that the, righteous reign of Jehovah was meant when Jesus spoke of “the Kingdom of God.” Today we call it a just social order. It is for men to seek for it and establish it. CHARLES H. KRAUSE SR Eidtor Times—Anent our supreme court! Must all hire Clarence Darrow to get rulings? Hundreds of cases are pending, widows and orphans anxiously waiting and have waited for years to hear the supreme court yes or no on pending cases. Newspapers can help. Justice, speedily and without delay can be urged. LAWYER. Editor Times—Not so very many months back, you had something to say about “hand-picked” federal juries. Possibly I overlooked your condemnation of a jury which indicted a. man for taking bribes, but failed to indict for giving bribes. And again, possibly, it is lawful to offer and give bribes, and unlawful to accept. RAN DOMB. Is there a species of fish called drum fish? How did the name originate? Drum or drumfish, so-called from the drumming sound, are any of several fishes of the family schiaenidae. Most of the species make a noise under •water variously called croaking, drumming, snoring and grunting, but which most resembles the roll of a muffled drum, which is commonly thought to be produced by the transfer of air to different compartments of the air bladder. The fishermen frequently attribute it to the rubbing together of the broad pharyngeal teeth, which are arranged like a cobblestone pavement and are often preserved as curiosities. I- - was Janus? The two-headed deity of Roman mythology who presided over highways, locks and gate|g' Because his heads faced both backwards and forwards, the montff January is named for him

If breathing stops in this type of unconsciousness, as well as in any form of unconsciousness due to electrical shock or gas poisoning, or some similar cause, artificial respiration should be kept up. This should not be stopped after a few minutes because of failure. It should be kept up for hours; indeed, as long as there Is any possibility that the heart and breathing may be induced to continue spontaneously. A person who has had a heat stroke should not be given large quantities of food. He should, however, be given small quantities of nutritious food repeatedly, including milk, soups, broths, eggs and similar soft and easily digestible substances.

pv HEYWOOD BROUN

Bercovich inclosing a. drawing of you—a terrible drawing it is, too—which he wants you to autograph for his favorite niece to cure her of her Broun crush. What’ll we do about that, huh? “And then there’s one from a young man who almost went wrong because his mother didn’t tell him about the birds and flowers when he was at that awkward, stage—you know what I mean. That’s serious, Mr. Broun. I really think we ought to do something about it. I don’t know just what, though, do you? a a a Plea for the Old Order “ A ND the letters from people asking why they haven’t received acknowledgments to their previous communications. I’ll tell them why. Because I never got 7 their previous communicatioiis, that’s why! In the good old/tiays we used to have routine around here —swell routine. Those Were the days when you stayed in bed, like a respectable columnist, until around noon. And I could get at the mall first and answer it. But now, alas! you’ve fallen into evil ways. You get up around 10 or earlier, snitch the mail before I get in and if I’m lucky I’ll find about a third of it on the floor later on. Or maybe several days later I might get the opportunity of searching the pockets of the brown suit before it goes to the tailor for the really important papers, checks, etc. And you know, Mr. Broun, my z toother always told me it wasn’t nice to go through a man’s pockets —that is, unless you're married to him. “But, as I say, it’s been fun just the same. It was exciting to sit around with you and Milton Raison and Ted Hammerstein and Johnny Boyle while the auditions were going on. I even learned how to look bored like the rest of them. I’m cultivating a poker face, my friends tell me. Strangers look into my glazed, expressionless eyes and whisper to one another: “Doesn’t she look interesting? A real type!” “Type, hell! It’s just plain, ds**nright worry.” (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

Delicious Fruit Recipes Fresh fruits are very important in the diet as regulatory foods and tissue builders. The fact that they contain mineral salts such as calcium, phosphorus, lime and iron—each necessary to the body tissues—makes the use of fruit in the diet necessary. And the fact that most fruits are low in food value, while furnishing cellulose and acids, makes them ideal for summer use In the diet. #>ur Washington bureau has ready for you a comprehensive new bulletin on fruit dishes, drinks and desserts. It includes recipes for delicious fruit muffins, fritters, cocktails, salads, desserts and beverages. You’ll be surprised at the variety of tasteful ways you can use fruit and berries in the daily menu. Fill out the coupon below and send for this bulletin. CL IP COUPON HERE Dept. 131, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, Fruit Dishes, Drinks and Desserts, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps for return postage and handling costa. Name Street and Number City State yi , 2 am a reader of The fndiana polls Times. (Code No.)

Ideal* and opinion* expressed In this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

:.JULY 13, 193f

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Man Is as Many Times Biggefr Than the Electron as the Biggest Star Is Larger Than Man. "T'WO things about modern sclA ence fascinate me,” writes / correspondent. “They are the imi mense distances of astronomy and the infinitesimal sizes of atoms and electrons. / . “You have mentioned both from, time to time. Won’t you give a sort of table of statistics which could be clipped out and saved for reference?” 7 My correspondent has touched upon one of the most interesting; ohases of modern science. Perhaps! the most fascinating of U is the fact that the gigantic stars and nebulae, huge as they are, are built up out of tiny electrons. Another fact of great Interest is that nan stands midway in the scale of the universe. He is Just about as many times larger than, the electron as the biggest star is larger than he is. But to answer the quesiton of my correspondent. First a few figures that every one ought to know, since without them he lacks any appreciation of the scale of the universe In which he lives: The diameter of the earth of approximately 8,000 miles. The diameter of the moon is approximately one-fourth of the" earth’s, about 2,160 miles. The diameter of the sun is approximately 110 times that of thd earth, about 864,100 miles. From the earth to the moon is 240,000 miles. From the earth to the sun is 93,000,000 miles. From the earth to the nearest star is 25,000,000,000,000 miles. a a a Spoonful, a Ton OUR earth is one of eight planets. which revolve around the sun. The moon revolves around our earth. Some planets have no moons, or satellites. Others have numbers ranging up to nine. Our sun is a star, one of 40,000,000,000 which form what astronomers call the galaxy. The smallest known star, called Van Maanen’s star, after the astronomer at Mt. Wilson who discovered it, is about the size of our own earth. The largest known star is Antares. It has a diameter of about 415,000,000 miles. The smallest known star is com' posed of material so heavy that a spoonful would weigh a ton. The largest known star is composed of material so light that a piece the size of a mountain would weigh less" than a hundred-thousandth of an ounce. The dimensions of the galaxy arebest given in light years. A light year is 6,000,000,000,000 miles, the distance a beam of light travels in a year. The galaxy is shaped like a great watch. The diameter along the' hands is about 300,000 light years. The diameter from front to back is about 40,000 light years. Tire spiral nebulae are at immense distances from the earth. The nearest is about 870,000 light years away. The most distant oneknown is about 2.700,000 light years, away. About 2,000,000 spiral nebulae are within range of the largest telescopes. aa a , Space; Atoms SPACE,- according to the Einstein theory, is not infinite but curved! and limited. Dr. Hubble calculatesthat space is about a billion times as large as the section of space within range of the 100-inch telescope at Mt. Wilson. According to this view, the longest possible distance in the universe is 100,000,000,000 light years. You" can change that into miles by multiplying it by 6,000.000,000,000. Travel that far in one direction in space and you will find yourself back where you started, according to the Einstein theory. And now for an ei&ursion into the world of the atom: First, let us remember that the smallest particles of chemical compounds are called molecules. These in turn are composed of the atoms of the chemical elements, while the atoms, in turn, are composed of positive and negative electrons. The largest molecule has a diameter of about one ten-millionth of an Inch. The smallest molecule, that of hydrogen, has a diameter of one one-hundred-and - twenty-flve-mil-lionth of an inch. The smallest atom, the hydrogen atom, has a diameter of one two-' hundred-and-fifty-miilionth of an inch. The negative electron has a diameter of one twenty-five trillionth of an Inch. . < The positive electron has a dlameter of about one forty-five quadrillionth of an Inch.

Daily Thought

Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it In the lusts thereof.—Ro- * mans 6:12. Few love to hear the sins they; love to act.—Shakespeare.