Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 50, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 July 1931 — Page 6

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Spending Public Money Theoretically, ali contracts for public improvements are given under competitive bids to which the wide world is asked to participate. Theoretically, public advertisements of needs are made and citizens generally acquainted with what may be an opportunity. That has become a theory, apparently, when it comes to spending money from the Governor’* emergency funds. A complacent board of public accounts construes a private notice from one or two firms that they do not wish to compete as ample competition to award the bid to the one firm, which seems to have been the only local concern notified of the purpose of cleaning the Statehouse —on the outside. One other firm says that the figure fixed in this one firm competition is at least $30,000 too high and that it would be willing to save the people this amount of money and offer a bond to perform that service. It now develops that not one of the three state officials charged with the custody of the building had anything to do with the transaction and knew nothing about the matter until the contract was signed. A super Janitor signs for the Governor. Deputies sign the names of the secretary of state and auditor. While ordinarily it may be conceded that in most public offices the work would be better done if left to the discretion of deputies, in this instance there seems to have been a slip. The work is proceeding. It is done with machinery. Very little of the money will go to help the jobless men of this city. The taxpayers will pay the toll. It might seem if the emergency fund was becoming too flush for comfort that some way could have been devised to spread it around among men who waited all winter for a Job and are still waiting 'this summer. If the taxpayers are to pay a $30,000 excess, the least they could expect would be that it go to the needy. Popularity and Usefulness "Get me out of this crowd. I might get the idea that I am becoming popular. And that would be awful.” This was the comment of Clarence Darrow as he groped his way through a great crowd that had gathered to hear him make a legal argument on a question of law, not one of the impassioned pleas for which he is famous nor a lecture upon some philosophical problem for *rhich he is equally well known. Why should any man fear popularity, the plaudits of the many, the blind and often unreasoning admiration that so many public men court and desire? Is popularity fatal to usefulness? A review of the history of those who have served best suggests strongly that their greatest service was performed when they defied the conventional and the traditional and battled for the new, the strange and the unpopular? Progress in every field comes through change. The man who suggests a change in any field of endeavor is a disturbing factor. He Jars the foundations to which we have become accustomed. He forces thought, and most of us refuse to thiftk until we are compelled to think. Some men who might have been really and truly great lost their power when they made compromises with conscience in order to gain advantage for a day. Some have placed the adulation of the many above fidelity to their real ideals and real convictions. All through history new levels have been reached by those who chose the rougher path of condemnation to the easier way of appealing to the fancies of the multitude. The world will have a place always for those whose only fear is that of popularity. That would make them distrust themselves.

“The Better Element’* Over the door of a certain university is inscribed these words: “To think freely is good, but to think rightly is better.” At the University of Virginia, the institute of public affairs has afforded a large number of people the opportunity to think freely and audibly on the subject of prohibition. Yet students of law enforcement, speaking with more authority and less vehemence, report that the bootlegger can not be charged with responsibility for the era of corrupt police. Bruce Smith of the National Institute of Public Administration points out that it is the “better element” of the population, not the outlaw or criminal, that has broken down the machinery of enforcement. We revolt at traffic lights and at parking ordinances, and constantly double-cross the police. We rely on influence and small presents to buy us immunity from punishment. And we must bear at least part of the blame for general lawlessness, he believes. Part of the blame he lays at the door of the police themselves. As long as they continue to use the third degree the public will be against them and -will make their task an impossible one, he feels. If Smith’s theory is correct, then the first test of whether we really want police protection and law enforcement will come when some city has the courage to abolish the third degree. It is an experiment that some city should make for the instruction of all of us. Such an experiment would teach us more about the problem with which we are J 1 concerned than • dozen Wlckersham reports. The Hoover-Monroe Doctrine? After reading the Monroe doctrine address of Acting Secretary of state Castle at the University of Virginia, one is tempted to call for a moratorium on such statements or Latin American policy until the Hoover administration makes up its mind. Castle straddled. Asa result now the Latin-Americans are heaping more criticism upon what they call the imperialistic menace of the north. From Roosevelt to Coolidge our Presidents used the Monroe doctrine to cloak their diplomatic interference and military intervention in the Caribbean countries. The degradation of the Monroe doctrine was accurately described by Elihu Root as long ago as 1914 as follows: "A false conception of what the Monroe doctrine Is, of what it demands and what it justifies, of its scope and of Its limits, has invaded the public press and affected public opinion within the last few years. Grandiose schemes of national expansion invoke the Monroe doctrine. Interested motives to compel Central or South America to do or refrain from doing omething by which individual Americans may profit lvoke tne Monroe doctrine . . . The intolerance ilch demands that control over the conduct and I unions of other people, which_ is the essence of kranny. Invoke the Monroe doctrine.” C To the credit of the Hoover adffli&ifitratton, Sec-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCEIPPS HOWARD .VEWSPAPERI Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Tiroes Publishing Cos 214-224 Weat Maryland Street, lodianapolia, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor Fresident Business Manager PHONF—Riley AMI WEDNESDAY, JULY 8. 1931. Member of United Preaa, Bcrippe-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Aaso elation. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

retary Castle denounced that misuse of the Monrce doctrine. He stated accurately: "Asserting the intention of the United States to prevent a non-American power from establishing itself on this continent, it (the Monroe doctrine) does not give our republic any warrant to interfere in the internal affairs of an American state.” The Clark memorandum last year had differentiated between the Monrce doctrine, which applies only to non-American foreign aggression, and the Panama Canal doctrine, by which we have claimed special rights of intervention in Caribbean countries. Since the Clark memorandum the way has been open for a statement of Hoover policy modernizing both the Monroe doctrine and the Panama Canal doctrine. Conditions of foreign aggression which occasioned the Monroe doctrine have ceased to exist, or at least completely changed In character And there was never any justification for our imperialistic interpretation of the Panama Canal doctrine. Latin America justly complains that both of these doctrines are one-sided, that they vest sole power and responsibility in the United States as to judgment and action, that they are thus autocratic. Latin America asks the privilege and asserts the right of joining us In protecting all-American interests from foreign aggression and in guarding international interests connected with the Panama Canal and the Caribbean. It was supposed that Hoover was moving toward such a modernization and democratization of our Latin American policy. But Castle now has expressly refused to let our neighbors join us in the Monroe doctrine, and has defended our Caribbean policy in its present form. Does this mean that Hoover is to fail in the one field he promised most, the field of Latin American good will and trade? Or will he reverse his Latin American policy, as he reversed his war debt policy, for the better? Labor’s Bill of Rights The Wisconsin La Follettes always appear to be marching a bit in front of the parade. The latest piece of statescraft is a complete labor code, the first of its kind in the United States and a veritable labor bill of rights. The code, supported by young Governor Phii La Follette, passed by the legislature recently with only a scattering opposition and just signed, has the following provisions: Rights of labor to collective bargaining; Outlawry of the "yellow dog” contract; Right of workers to strike, join unions, assemble, picket or peacefully persuade others to their point of view, without interference from the courts; Inmmunity of union officials and members from responsibility and liability for the acts of individuals; Limitation on injunctions, so that they may not be issued without notice, and open court hearings, may last only five days, may apply only to specific acts; Right of way for appeals from injunctions so that these appeals have precedence over other court matters; Right of ball and Jury trial for persons cited for criminal contempt; permission to file affidavits charging prejudice against judges; limit of punishment set at $25 fine or ten days in jail for such persons if guilty. \ The Wisconsin state motto is: "Forward.”

Our Mayors Abroad Fitting comment on the performance to date of American mayors in Europe can be found in O. Henry’s "defense” of Pittsburgh millionaires; “They are rough but uncivil in their manners, and though their ways are boisterous and unpolished, under it all they have a great deal of impoliteness and discourtesy." An Indiana woman found $17,150 in government notes in four jars she dug up in her garden. Bottled In bond, as it were. If Americans have low taste, as one lecturer claims, it probably is because men like well-stocked cellars and women the bargain basements. Then there was the writer who thought he would make a name for himself by adopting a nom-de-plume.

REASON F SS*

ON account of this hot weather, the fanners in many states have been plowing in the moonlight, which is a bright idea, a mighty bright idea. Almost all of us have transacted a great deal of business in ihe moonlight, but it has been of a matrimonial, rather than an agricultural nature. a a a It’s all right to plow in the moonlight, but it’s a very risky time to talk to a lady. Practically all of the engagements on earth lave culminated on moonlight nights. Nobody in the history of the race ever became engaged before breakfast! a a a An ugly situation has arisen from the acquittal of this deputy sheriff down in Oklahoma who shot two Mexican students, the authorities of the Mexican government Having declared they do not accept this acquittal as a finality, but confidently look to the federal government to make amends. a a a IT is one of the results of our dual form of government that the national establishment can not try a citizen of a state for a crime against the state, even though it involve citizens of another government, but it is hard for citizens of a foreign government to visualize the legal aspect of the case and be content. a a a Our state department should make it plain that this acquittal was in no sense a discrimination against Mexico and by compiling crime statistics the state department should be able x> convince our southern neighbor that we seldom convict anybody for such a trivial offense as the taking of human life. a a a The result of this Oklahoma trial may diminish the security of Americans in Mexico, for there the lawless have been restrained by the knowledge that their government would summarily execute all who robbed or murdered Americans. At least this has been the Mexican custom for the last few years. a a a' A LL the federal government can do is to express tv regret for the deplorable incident and possibly make some atonement in the form of money. s As we recall, the government did this in the case of the Italians who were lynched in New Orleans a number of jears ago. a a a Frequently the independence of the state has involved Uncle Sam with foreign nations. You may recall that during the administration of President Wilson California contemplated some school legislation which aroused Japan and Wilson thought the situation so grave that he sent Bryan, then secretary of state, to California to urge the state to recopidav

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Debt Holiday Doesn't Relieve Us From Paying Our Bills, Yet Inspires Us All With Hope of Better Times. New YORK, July B.—Debt holiday, now in effect, was proposed by President Hoover less than three weeks ago. That shows what can be done when leaders really set out to lead. The reaction shows how little it sometimes takes to affect the general attitude. Insofar as it deals with what nations owe, this moratorium is a tre- | mendous thing, but measured by I the money involved, it is not. The money involved would not ; run American railroads for one year, or American automobiles for two ! months. Bum Inspires Hope WE try to make ourselves believe that civilization dances ; to the tune of accurately kept ledgj ers, cash reserves and scientifically j determined credit. Well, the banks In this country are loaded with money—money at | lis or 2 per cent for call loans, but j how much can legitimate business j set at 6 per cent? j A debt holiday for nations doesn’t ; mean that you, I, or the washerwoman on the other side of the tracks will be relieved from paying our bills, yet it inspires us all with a hope of better times. Asa matter of fact, it doesn’t mean that taxes will be materially reduced anywhere, or that any considerable amount will be made available for private enterprise. What it does mean, however, Is that statesmen have at last recognized the seriousness of the situation and that people still have sufficient confidence in them to believe that, having gone that far, they can, and will provide effective remedies. BUB Leadership IT is no more than good sense to assume that psychology has played a big part in bringing about present conditions, or that it must play an equally big part in correct- I ing them. Where the assumption fails is In the kind of psychology it has emphasized as all-important—business psychology, financial psychology, the kind that reasons everything out from a dollar and cent standpoint, that goes behind the scenes and analyzes the situation with charts and graphs. You can find some of that variety in the larger banks and commercial institutions, through not so much as one would suppose. By and large, the psychology with which we have been dealing for the last few years, and with which we shall continue to deal, runs to the simple idea of leadership. B B B Look for Guidance THERE is not an institution in this whole world, no matter how great, or how small, but looks to some person, or group of persons for guidance. The institutional spirit is generally determined by the one question of whether, or not, the rank and file have confidence in those at the top. Nothing has done more to protract this depression than a widespread feeling that those at the top did not realize its seriousness and were consequently in a poor frame of mind to conceive the necessary measures for relief, much less carry them out. B B B Without Parallel THE Hoover plan has gone far to restore public confidence in leadership. In that lies its greatest promise. For the first time since the crash in 1929, people throughout the world believe that the heads of their governments are aware of the necessity of taking drastic action, and not only aware, but willing. No one can review what has happened since June 20, and more particularly since July 1, without feeling a deep reassurance. The promptness with which nations have laid aside their pet prejudices and hopes to serve the common good is nothing short of marvelous. The history of international relations contain no parallel. B B B World Was Waiting THE most remarkable thing about the Hoover plan is that the world was apparently waiting for it. The element of surprise which one would naturally look for was completely overshadowed by a burst of satisfaction. This should be an answer to those who doubt the elevating effect of progress and who persist in arguing that humanity is about as savage as it ever was. . , Behind the arming and intriguing, of which there still is too much, one can feel the presence of a never and higher conception.

GERMAN CRISIS July 8 /''VN July 8, 1917, German political unrest, due to popular dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war, had reached a crisis. The Hamburger Fremdenblatt on that day said: “We are now living through the greatest crisis in our political life which has arisen since the outbreak of the war. “This crisis centers around the fundamental questions of war and peace as well as the reorganization of our internal political system. In referring to Mathias Errberger, member of parliament, who created a profound sensation by declaring for peace without annexations or indemnities and who criticised the German submarine policy and the blundering diplomacy which brought America into the war, the Fremdenblatt said: “Continuation of the submarine does not come into the question, not even so far as Erzberger is concerned. The question is of revising the war aim formula -somewhat on the lines demanded by our Social Democrats,”

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DAILY HEALTH- SERVICE Climate is Important in Health

This is the first of a series of seven articles by Dr, Morris Fishbein, eminent health authority, on “Summer Care of Health.’* In the light of new data on proper diet, dress and exercise during the hot months, this series should now prove particularly timely. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. CLIMATE includes the combined effects of the sun, the atmosphere, and the general environment. When one considers the atmosphere, one is concerned with weather, dust, rainfall, snow, hail, sleet and similar attributes. Human beings live in every climate from the equator to the north and south poles. Unquestionably, the nature of life is modified by the climates in which we live. Certain diseases are associated definitely with climate, such as snow blindness and frostbite in the cold regions and heat stroke in the hot. It is generally established that lung infections are more common

IT SEEMS TO ME by

NEW YORK turned out en masse to greet its two newest heroes, Wiley Post and Harold Gatty, who performed a wondrous feat, and they are deserving of our hurrahs and bravos. \ We live in a curious era. It has been said of us time and again that we are a decadent race. Viewers with alarm assert that we have lost our enthusiasm along with our illusions. We take too much for granted and cease to marvel at the wonders of a machine age. ana Not Entirely Lost YET, from all the newspaper accounts, many thousands were gathered at the flying field long before the Winnie Mae was scheduled to arrive. They surged across the field in a mad rush and trampled one another in their eagerness to get close to the fliers. Certainly such a demonstration is not indicative of a phlegmatic inertia. Rather it suggests that we are still a healthy-minded, adventure - loving race. Possibly these articulate clamorings are merely an outlet for our own repressions. It may be that the thrill we feel over a dangerous job well done is merely vicarious. Most of us have experienced only in half-formed dreams the excitement of conquest. Nevertheless, it is healthy to be able to shower on someone else the praise and glory we dare not hope to attain for ourselves. First Time It’s Fun I WAS particularly intrigued by Mr. Post’s comments. “One trip like that’s enough,” he said. “I saw plenty of the Atlantic to last me a lifetime ... A nice flight back home to Oklahoma is about all the excitement I need for a spell now.” That seems to me the most sensible remark ever made by a returned hero. These men braved unknown perils. Three times they were uncomfortably close to death. It is natural that they should feel less inclined to fly into the face of dangers which they know exist. The first experience was an adventure. They know they were taking risks, but did not know the precise nature of those risks, it was exciting to discover what they were. But to repeat the venture would be foolhardy and would serve no practical purpose. I have a feeling that after a week of official luncheons and greetings Messrs. Post and Gatty will almost regret the whole business. It takes a strong man with , a tough hide to come through unscarred, with his illusions intact. The deady sameness of the speeches and the menus make these ovations soul-wearying ordeals. a a it No More Parades Even the greeters themselves begin to wilt under the strain after the first two days. After all, once they have expressed their admiration thede is nothing more to be said. It seems to me it would be better to curtail the number of public receptions and devote ourselves to remembering. Except in the cases of Lindbergh and Byrd, wfe have forgotten those ntharS' who* . tr<i.

Not Hard to Trace!

in cold than in warm climates, and that intestinal diseases are more common in hot climates. Pneumonia is more frequent in the winter than in the summer. People in the tropical regions suffer little, if at all, with scarlet fever. These few facts should sene to indicate that climate is of great importance and that people who want to live a healthful life in the summer must take the climate into account. Ordinary high temperatures are not so uncomfortable, provided the air is dry. The moment the humidity begins to increase, the moisture in the air becomes more dense and the human being becomes more uncomfortable. Hence, it is not possible to separate temperatures from humidity in questions of health in summer and winter. The sun provides two types of rays—heat rays and ultraviolet rays. These two types of rays have different effects on the human body. Evaporation from the surface of the body takes place more quickly

across uncharted areas ,of sea and land. B B B Where From Here? AND after that, what? But I’m not worried. Some unknown will pop up with anew gadget that will transport him to the moon in thirty seconds flat. I fully expect we will all live to spend a week-end

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—During the world economic crisis, there is plenty to complain about without taking on extra worry, but one who is interested in the teachings of Christ can’t avoid worry, as it is plain to be seen another war cloud is rising up over the entire world. Is it possible that Lucifer has full control of this world, and that Christ whom we call the Prince of Peace isn’t able to whisper, “Peace, be still?” Surely the most of us are still as Simon Peter in the garden when the soldiers went seeking the arrest of Christ. Peter had not been convinced that Christ was the Prince of Peace, so he drew his sword and started war. Then Jesus said, “Peter, put up thy sword.” That backs up the statement that He is the Prince of Peace and not in favor of war. Peter thought that Christ’s kingdom was of this earth, and that he could declare war and help set up the kingdom and then he’d get a soft political job. Afterward, Peter was converted. Shall we be converted and abolish war through the aid of the Prince of Peace, or shall we continue in war, seeking political jobs while Christ is pleading that we put up our swords? Unless we do put up the sword as Peter did, we’ll never be converted, and if we continue in war the coming of the Prince of Peace must have been in vain. SHERMAN LONG, 1535 Bates street. Editor Times—Surely President Hoover must have been misquoted anent his recent address here, for in almost every sentence his utterances are so entirely at variance with correct facts, as known and understood, felt, too, by the average man. For instance, he says, “Our present difficulties are caused by political upheavals in Europe,” whereas we were of the opinion that overproduction w|is the basic cause of our troubles.” I wonder if the tariff causes overproduction? The President says, “Through the tariff we are saving the farmer and workingman hundreds of millions of dollars by preventing foreigners overwhelming us with their goods.” He says further, “We rigidly are exluding immigration from our shores,” but we have been doing this for the last ten years. Glittering generalities and pompous platitudes will not help one iota in the solution of our economic depression. The writer would like to know what this twenty-year plan is. Is it anything like the five-year plan of the Soviets? I hope it is not one of the so-called “patent medicine panaceas” that we heard *4 over the air. II it takes twenty years to regain our. commercial >mii.

in hot dry air. In the tropical zones it is a common practice to wrap flannel or felt around a bottle of water and after moistening the flannel to hang the bottle in the breeze. The water evaporating from the flannel cools the contents of the bottle. The worst climates In hot weather are those with high air temperature and high relative humidity. On days when these conditions obtain, it is hard to work, and those who suffer greatly will do better on the golf course or on the shores of the ocean, rivers or lakes. A relatively high humidity can be tolerated if there is a breeze, because the movement of the air helps to evaporate the water from the surface of the body. According to Castellan!, the worst place in the world in summer weather is a place callled Abusher, on the Persian gilf, in August. The temperature there is 96.5, the relative humidity 65 per cent, no rainfall occurs during the month. Nobody in Abusher says, “Is it hot enough for you?”

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

on Mars, with side trips to Venus, Neptune and the lesser planets. There are enough of them to keep us from getting bored, for a little while at least. If Venus gets too crowded, it will be possible to pack a bag and take a run over to Sirius or Betelgeuse. And as all things rim in cycles, It may become smart to spend a vacation on earth.

librium, most of us will not benfit by it, for the reason we’ll all be dead, but perhaps the twenty who are to follow us may enjoy its benefits. P. H. TRAVERS. Editor Times—ln a recent editorial in your valuable paper you stated that private schools could choose their own text books. This statement is correct in so far as it goes. Catholic high schools are private schools, but those Catholic schools which correspond to the public high schools must use the “state adopted text books” and comply with the courses of study used in public schools if they expect to receive state classification, whereby their pupils may receive credits that will permit them to enter state schools of higher education. Teachers in such Catholic schools must be properly licensed the same as teachers in public schools. This license is issued by the department of public instruction, the same as the license issued to the public school teachers, and signed by the state superintendent. The foregoing is in accordance with extracts from the school laws. M. MARKLE. Do A. M. and M. A. stand for the same degree? Both stand for the degree of master of arts.

Have You Said ‘Yes?’ Or, if he hasn’t popped the question yet, are you prepared to sajr ‘•Yes?” If so, you’ll be interested in our Washington Bureau’s latest buIIetin—ETIQUETTE FOR ENGAGED COUPLES. It tells all about engagement announcements, formal and informal- announcement parties, engagement presents, discusses the question of long and short engagements, tells how the engaged couple should act in public; has suggestions for reaching mutual understandings that should clear the way to a happy marriage; has a section on planning the honeymoon, the contents of the “hope chest;” the trousseau and other information essential to the bride and groom to be Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE —— Dept. 128, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin ETIQUETTE FOR ENGAGED COUPLES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, for return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No City.... y.. State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code Nol)

.TOLY 8, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

New Head of National Acad~ emy of Science Delights in Chasing Eclipses. CHASING eclipses Is one of the chief interests of Dr. William Wallace Campbell, newly elected president of the National Academy of Sciences. Although an eclipse of the sun frequently is less than a minute in length, and there always is the chance, that clouds will hide the phenomenon, Dr. Campbell has made many journeys to far corners of the earth to photograph the spectacle and make other scientific observations. When the World war broke out, Campbell was In northern Siberia. The war marooned him for awhile and It finally was necessary for him to leave his telescopes behind when he did return. f In 1922, Campbell obtained photographs of the eclipse visible that year in Australia. It was the measurement of the displacement of the star images on these photographs, made by Campbell and his colleague, Dr. Robert Trumpler, which constitute the chief verification of this displacement which was predicted by Einstein in his famous relativity theory. These displacements first were measured by the British eclipse expedition in 1918. But these expeditions had been troubled by cloudy weather and their results were not so convincing as those obtained by Campbell in Australia. B B B At Lick Observatory THE post of president of the National Academy of Sciences is the highest within the gift of American science. Election to the academy is an honor coveted by all scientists. Among Dr. Campbell’s predecessors was the late Dr. Albert A. Michelson, “the high priest of light.” Dr. Campbell joined the Lick observatory as an astronomer in 1891. He already had a repution as a mathematician and was well known in the field of astronomy for his computation of orbits, a highly mathematical and difficult task. At the Lick observatory, Dr. Campbell embarked upon a program of observation with the spectrograph to obtain information concerning the motions of stars. He designed many new instruments and new methods of carrying on the work, and obtained results of exceptional brilliance. Authorities agree that modern work upon the motions of stars had its beginning in these researches of Campbell. But Dr. Campbell also began his work upon solar eclipses at an early date. The first eclipse which he cV served was that of the sun visible in Jeur, India, in 1898. Other eclipse expeditions whi *i he headed include one in 1900 to Georgia. 1905 to Spain, 1908 to FFnt island, 1914 to Siberia, and 1922 to Australia. B B B The Astronomical Union IN 1900, when Dr. James E. Keeler, the director of the Lick observatory, died, Dr. Campbell was promoted to the directorship. He assumed the office on Jan. 1, 1901. He held the post until June 30, 1930, when he retired from active office. In 1923, he was elected president of the University of California, a post which he also held until his retirement in 1930. He now holds the titles of president emeritus of the university and director emeritus of the observatory. Dr. Campbell was one of the organizers of the International Astronomical Union, an organization particularly useful in co-ordinating research between the observatories of different nations. Through the union, many research programs have been mapped out and the work divided among astronomers in different nations, each man assuming the share of the work for which he was best fitted. Dr. Campbell served as president of the union from 1922 to 1925. A resolution adopted by the academic senate of the University of California upon his retirement, reads, in part: “The extraordinary genius for organization previously demonstrated in the development of the Lick observatory, in many eclipse expeditions, and in bringing about international co-operation among astronomers has made your present office a model of business efficiency. “Every problem presented by a university department has been answered promptly and without ambiguity.”

Daily Thought

Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially they who labor in the word and doctrine.—Timothy 5:17. Tell me what you find better, or more honorable than age. Is not wisdom entailed upon it?—Sakerly Marmion. Are all federal officials exempt from the payment of income tax on their salaries? The only federal officials whose salaries are exempt from federal income tax are the President of the United States and federal judges.