Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 32, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 June 1931 — Page 4

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SCJtI PP 3 - HOW AMD

After One Year One year ago today the Hoover higher tariff became law. Asa result, the country plunged deeper Into econom.c depression. The President, in his Indianapolis address Monday, informed the country that he would go on with this policy. That announcement is the most depressing news we have heard in a year of depression. % We share the view of most economists and increasing numbers of business leaders that full prosperity can not be recaptured until the tariff is reduced. Therefore the President’s adherence to a policy that is bankrupting the country impresses us as a national calamity. But we are not without hope. The President can retard business recovery by blocking tariff revision. But he can not block it long. The economic forces for a lower tariff, to revive foreign trade and reopen our factories, are likely to defeat the Hoover obstructionists in'the next congress. Hoover no longer has the confidence of the public as a tariff prophet. The people will not, follow him on this issue. They have learned by experience, hard experience. It is worth repeating here, it will be a key to the next congress'and the next presidential election: In the 1928 campaign, Hoover was elected on a definite pledge against a general tariff revision upward. He violated that pledge when he signed the Hawley-Smoot bill. He defied his own public argument. He defied the expert advice of more than 1,000 leading economists. He defied public opinion as represented by an overwhelming majority of the press. He defied the pleas of many leading bankers and business men. Hoover thought he knew more than all the experts, the economists, and the business leaders. On signing the bill, he gave his reasons He said: “I do not assume the rate structure in this or any other tariff bill is perfect, but I am convinced that the disposal of the whole question is urgent. I believe that the flexible provisions can, within reasonable time, remedy inequalities; that this provision Is a progressive advance and gives great hope of taking the tariff away from politics, lobbying and log-rolling; that the bill gives protection to agriculture for the marketing of its products and to several industries in need of such protection for the wage of their labor; that with returning normal conditions, our foreign trade will continue to expand." * * * On every single point, time has proved Hoover a false prophet. The flexible provisions have not remedied inequalities, as he promised. Not one major rate has been changed. Seven unimportant rates have been lowered and three unimportant rates increased, while Hoover has refused to lower two other rates as recommended by his tariff commission. It has not taken the tariff away from politics, as he promised. It has made the tariff a major political issue for the first time since Taft similarly defied public opinion and economic law. It has not protected agriculture, as he promised. The farmers are in worse plight than a year ago. Farm sales are lower. Farm prices are lower. Farm surpluses are greater. More farm banks have failed More farmers are bankrupt and hungry. It has not protected wages in the so-called protected industries, as he promised. By and large, those industries which got the largest tariff grab are the worst anti-labor, low-wage industries, and many have cut wages in the last year. It has not hastened return of normal conditions and has not expanded our foreign trade, as he promised. According to government figures, since the Hoover tariff became law, the value of our exports has been cut in half and our unemployment has been doubled. Those are the facts which Hoover refuses to face today. There are other facts just as damning to his tariff record, which have been recounted often in these and other columns—such as the world trade war his tariff started, and the friends of America abroad who have been turned into enemies. But, forgetting all that for the moment, it is sufficient to take Hoover at his own prophecy in signing the tariff bill and let the facts prove that he was wrong on every point. What then? *• • • When Hoover a year ago defied expert and business advice by signing the tariff bill, this newspaper and most others that disagreed with him gave him credit at least for acting sincerely and courageously. Today the situation is different. It is no longer a question of opinion as to what the tariff will do to the country. It is now a matter of indisputable fact as to what the tariff has done tq the country. Hoover can be forgiven by the country for being wrong. Hoover will not be forgiven by the country for a stubborn dictatorship of policy after time has proved him wrong. But the effect on Hoover’s personal political fortunes is not the important thing. The gravity of the situation is that Hoover’s tariff policy threatens to prolong the depression. That ■would mean more bank failures, more factories closed, itaore millions of unemployed. We hope public protest will be so great that congress in December will clear away this Hoover barrier to prosperity, regardless of anything the President can do or say. That action will depend upon the Democrats. There would be no Hoover higher tariff if a number of Democrats had not voted a year ago with the Republican old guard. Even If Hoover has not learned from the experience of the last year, perhaps these Democrats have. We hope so. The Reason Why Now we know why there was no cheering along the lines of march, no great enthusiasm at the chicken dinner fen* the President. It is a matter of Indiana psychology, a state of strong “silent” men and women, who show an unusual ability to repress emotion, a marked habit of inhibition, all the attributes of the cultured as against the vulgar and the noisy. For this explanation, tha state is indebted to the Indianapolis Star, which, under the title of “Appreciative Hoosiers,” contributes tersely: An interesting test of crowd psychology was provided in the Indianapolis visit of President Hoover. Some of the news reel cameramen accompanying the presidential party were said to be disappointed because popular applause for the desired sound effect was not forthcoming. \ Partisan critics of the administration may seek to emphasize the dearth of cheering and handclapping along the route the party took from the railway station to the Governor's mansion. No lack of respect or esteem was indicated in the character of the reception Indianapolis accorded Mr. Hoover. The crowds were massed along the streets, with unusual numbers around the monument, the

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned d<J published daily 'except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co--214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. E ditor President Busjnesa Manager PHONFV-Rlley SBSI WEDNESDAY. JUNE 17. 1931. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

War Memorial Plaza and the approaches to the Governor’s'mansion. Their presence reflected the Interest in the nations chief executive. Curiosity to see the man and his wife was mingled with respect for the office he holds. The average American crowd is undemonstrative almost to the point of being impassive. It may be deeply moved, but still refrain from outward expressions of elalion or approval. More volatile foreigners would cheer madly as some dignitary passed by, while imperturbable Hoosiers observe silently or indulge in dignified clapping. Many loyal Americans register a mental reservation when they doff their hats to the flag. They would quickly resent any intimation of failing to show proper respect for the emblem. They simply balk at ceremonial form. The throng attending the dinner followed the President with rapt attention and applauded vigorously certain salient paints in his address. The President was not playing for applause. An old-time political spellbinder could have worked up to many a climax and then paused until the people, knowing what was expected, had politely cheered. He was intent on driving home his arguments. The majority of the diners were seriously eager to hear what he had to say and governed themselves by the dignity of his office. Indiana is supposed to be the most representative state. It has the normal supply of orators and luncheon club spellbinders. A smal portion of its sporting population may shout for the sudden demise of an umpire. Otherwise, it seldom goes in for sound effects. Prophet Watson Just one year ago today Senator James E. Watson, who on Sunday told the Republican editors that he would again be a candidate for his high office, was impassionately talking on the floor of the senate. He was defending the Smoot-Hawley tariff measure and denouncing then, as he denounces now, any one who dared suggest that the bill was a mistake. Here was what Watson said, just one year ago: It is my prediction today, deliberately made on the fioor of the United States senate, that after passage of this bill this afternoon the skies will clear and within a comparatively short time the sun again will shine, and bring back prosperous conditions and happy for the people of the United States. If I did not believe that to be true—and it has proved true in the passage of every tariff act in the history of the nation—l would oppose this bill instead of favoring it. It is quite true that we are in the midst of a financial depression .... but I here and now predict, and I ask my fellow senators to recall this prediction in the days to come, that if this bill is passed this nation will be on the upgrade financially, economically and commercially within thirty days, and that within a year from this time we shall have regained the peak of prosperity we lost last October .... Well, the thirty days passed and instead of being on the upgrade financially, the country was in a tail spin. The lines of jobless men grew. The number of unemployed increased. Factories, whose owners feared a loss of foreign trade, were compelled to reduce forces, and many reduced wages. Now the year has passed, the year which the senator said would see a return to the peak of prosperity. All too well the people know that as a prophet, Watson once more is a failure. He was as wrong in his predictions as he was wrong in his economic arguments for the measure. Will he admit mistake and undo the wrong he did the country and its citizens? Probably not. Princeton students voted that their favorite study is woman. Probably because file dates are easier to remember. Edward of Wales got $50,000,000 worth of business for Britain during his South American trip A prince of a salesman! The king of Siam is said to be fond of golf. Now you know why he is anxious to have his eyes fixed up. Johnny Weismuller, swimming champ, and his young bride, are taking an extended honeymoon. Well, they won’t have to worry about keeping their heads above water. “I’m willing to live and let live,” says A1 Capone. But he doesn’t say for how much.

REASON " FP S““

YOU may talk about your ball games in the major leagues, but the game that beats them all is the game played by the kids out on the commons. They haven’t any uniforms and it’s hard to tell the fellows on your side from the fellows on the other side, but it’s a ball game for your whiskers. a a a We saw one this morning, saw it and heard it. There’s a vacant lot across from our house ansi there’s no better sport than to sit on the porch and watch the kids. It’s the greatest comedy in America. There's more argument in every game than in the United States senate in a month and more disputes in nine innings than in the supreme court in a whole term. a a a IT’S a ball game, but it sounds like a riot. Some of them have on short pants; some of them have on long pants; some of them have one leg long and one leg short, and some of them have on little at all. a a a The catcher gives his signals as carefully as Mickey Cochrane of the Athletics, but they mean nothing whatever, while the pitcher in his wind-up goes through more motions than Dazzy Vance, then throws the ball over the barn. It’s great to watch the errors and hear the alibis and it’s great to hear the turmoil when the kid who umpires, because he’s too small to play, calls a close decision on the batter. a a a THERE was a play this morning, worth going miles to see. There had been a rain, the field was soggy and half the batters fell down when they swung at the ball. The catcher had on rubber boots and stood in a puddle. a a a There was a man on third base. The third baseman was playing off of third near the base line and the runner was standing on the base. The catcher in the rubber boots turned quickly toward third base; he saw the runner standing on the bag and thought he was the third baseman, and the one playing off the bag he thought, was the runner. a a a SO he slammed the ball down to third base, hit the runner, who seemed half asleep, knocked him off the bag and before he could get back the baseman got the ball and tagged him—and the umpire called him out!, You should have heard the explosion! ana So, we do not envy the city fan who sits hi the box at the big league park and sees the stars perform. We would rather just sit on the porch and watch the kids. They are the stars of tomorrow. The freckled youngster who jumps into the air and spe/.rs a fly will be the Cuyler of 1940 and the hatchetfaced boy who whales the ball out of the lot will be the Babe Ruth of 1945. H-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Every One Wants to Make a Record These Days, Even if It Don't Mean Anything. NEW YORK, June 17.—Reno courts are grinding out divorces at the rate of ninety-five a day, with lawyers warned to drop all adjectives, but nothing said about perjury’. Obviously the big idea is to make a record, which hardly can be described as original. Every one wants to make a record these days, even if it doesn’t mean anything. A Negro minister having preached thirteen hours in Washington the other day, a Los Angeles divine stays with it for twenty and challenges Christendom to beat his mark. tt an ■ Sons of Great Fathers AMONG others to find relief at Reno is Mary Frances Beecher. She charged her husband with non-support. They had been married thirty-three years. That, however, is not the most romantic part of the case. Her husband's name is Henry Ward Eeecher and she says that he is the son of the world-famous clergyman. An interesting book could be written about the -sons of great men. Marcus Aurelius was, perhaps, the wisest emperor that ever ruled Rome. His son Commodus w r as a beast. tt a o Better Luck Now GREAT men are having better luck with their sons these days. One reason is, they don’t take their greatness so seriously. . In olden times, those out in front were so busy strutting that they had little time for the family. In spite of all the divorcing, remarrying, and soul mating, presentday America probably contains a larger percentage of normal fathers and mothers than any other nation that ever existed. Court records show that about one in every' six marriages fails. Tire chances are that an equal, if not greater, proportion always has failed. The trouble is, we lack court records to prove it. a tt Paid Mourning Fails COURT records are all right when it comes to proving what has happened, but not so good with regard to what is going to happen. Louis J. Thief, eccentric artist and lodge brothers as gathered at his grave June 17 and Nov. 17 would receive S2O each. The custom was kept up until relatives dissipated the estate by quarreling over it. Nothing was left but a nice, neat court record drawn up in proper form. a tt tt A Foolish Scramble NOTHING stays put very long in this world. Two new islands just have appeared off the coast of Brazil. They were reported by a British captain. Now there is an international race on to see who gets them. The British had a cruiser at Georgetown. Assuming that she would be sent out immediately, Brazilian autorities started one of their own with a double crew T in the boiler room and the safety valve screwed down. Such childishness is one reason why we don’t make more progress in international peace.

Mayors Wake Up SPEAKING of international peace, departure of the American mayors from France removes one source of worry. They not only start for home without having caused a riot, but in apparent good humor. To judge from comments they are reported to have made in saying farewell, they have found quite a few things in France worthy of remembrance and respect. One is impressed with the intense spirit of nationalism, another with the equally intense desire for peace, another with the prevalence of neatly kept gardens and another with the universal effort of France to understand other people and be understood by them. tt tt a Understanding Needed FRENCHMEN are not particularly different in this respect. As Benjamin Franklin said, “It is natural for men to want to do right.” Hate, suspicion and distrust, especially along national lines, are not instinctive, but the by-products of propaganda, whether intentional or otherwise. Professional patriots have played a large part in stirring them up. History designed to preserve and promote old-time prejudices has done even more. What Frenchmen need, and what every one else needs, to understand others and be understood by them, includes little more than' honest, straightforward contact.

Does the head of a halibut resemble the head of a human? It does not differ in appearance from that of any other flat species of fish, except that it is larger. Because they are unusually large they are generally removed before the fish are shipped. How and where should the American minister to Liberia be addressed? The American Minister, American Legation, Monrovia, Liberia. Where is the University of New Mexico located? At Albuquerque. What is the difference between direct and alternating current in electricity? Direct current is undirectional; It always flows in the same direction. Alternating current reverses its direction at regular intervals, increasing from zero to its maximum strength, and decreasing to zero with the current flowing in one direction, siipilarly increasing to a maximum and again decreasing to zero in the opposite direction. The current continues to vary rapidly in direction and in strength. What are geographic poles? Those points on the earth’s surface where all the merdians of longitude meet, and the ends of the earth’s axis of rotation. The magnetic poles to which the compass needle points do not coincide with the geographic poles.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Carbon Monoxide Gas Is Dangerous

BY DR. MORRIS fISHBEIN, Editor, Journal o? the American Medical Association and of Hygcia the Health Magazine. CARBON MONOXIDE GAS is colorless and odorless. It is produced when wood, coal, coke, illuminating gas, or gasoline is burned. If the flame is hot, it is burned more completely than when the flame is slow and has insufficient air. Small amounts of carbon monoxide cause headache and other symptoms; large ,amounts produce death. Because of the extensive occur.rence of carbon monoxide in various industrial pursuits, the New York state department of labor has issued a warning to workers to be posted in plants in which various combustibles are employed. These include particularly plants in which machines are used which are heated by gas. The warning applies to .workers in the gas industry, garages or service stations, furnaces, steel mills, celluloid manufacture, acetylene welding, brass foundries and various chemical industries. A few of the suggestions are so simple that every workman should become familiar with them. These

IT SEEMS TO ME BY TrSuT

VOLUNTEERS are trooping in for this great stage frolic we’re arranging in New York. For instance, a man came yesterday and said: “I’ve got just the act you need. It’s like this: It’s me and a woman weighing 450 pounds and a midget and a black dog. The point of the act is like this: Everything I say to the black dog, he does just the opposite.” Naturally, I was fascinated by this combination. But the questions of competition entered into my calculations. For instance, if I act as master of ceremonies for “Shoot the Works!” I have a feeling that a woman weighing 450 pounds will rather dim my personality. And as for the black dog, if there are stage opportunities along such lines why not Capt. Flagg? It seems to me that he lives up pretty closely to the specifications. When I say to him, “Come here, Flagg,” he doesn’t come. When I say, “Don’t beg at the table!” he continues to do so. And if I issue the command, “Quit that barking!” he makes a little more noise than usual. Here is an offer which makes an even greater appeal to this particular producer. a a a Guilded, Glorified T LEASE, may I be in your show? I’m probably the tallest blonde in the world. I sing and act on occasion—any occasion. “I‘ve been a leading lady for the Shuberts, been in a play by Elizabeth Marbury, been glorified by Mr. Ziegfeld and worked for the Guild. Show me another blonde who’s been officially guilded and glorified f “Have you a stooge for your act? I’ll stay straight for your comedy if you’ll let me —and promise to keep a straight face through it all. “I have 'two blue eyes, two blonde eyebrows, a nose, a mouth, one chin, two arms, two legs (good ones), my own stockings, and perhaps I can get a dress for the show. “I have a very nice, long-sleeved, flannel nightgown, and I am willig to walk on in that if it’s necesfery. “I know MacNamara. He drunk my whisky and I’ve gulped his lousy applejack. And if he doesn’t say I’m too terrible, I’d like to be in your show. “I’m the world’s worst dancer — and I won’t dye my hair red. But I can sing. “Please, may I be in your show? “JANE ALDEN.” She is in. By now I have some reason to know why producers grow gray be-

Daily Thought

Woe unto you that are rich!— St. Luke 6:24. Riches, honors, and pleasures are the sweets which destroy the mind’s appetite for its heavenly food.— Bishop Horn*.

Just Prospecting!

suggestions are particularly applicable to workers in the home, because illuminating gas used for cooking purposes is a dangerous source of gas poisoning. “1. If there is a yellow flame heating your machine, report this fact at once. There should be a blue flame at all times. A yellow flame gives off carbon monoxide. “2. Never use a gas-heated appliance which is connected up by means of flexible rubber or metal tubing. This is not safe. The only flexible tubing which does not leak is an approved cloth-covered tubing. “3. Do you suppose that you can find a leak in your tubing by running a lighted match along it? It wall only light when there is a very large leak. There may be many small leaks which make it dangerous to w r ork at your machine, even though those places do not permit enough gas to go through actually to light up when you apply a match to them. “4. When you are working over an open flame, do not put any utensil on the fire which is so large as to cover the flame too completely. This keeps the air out, and in creases the amount of carbon monoxide gas produced. “5. Do not try to patch a leak

fore their time. In the business of writing a column or even in the profession of painting marines and landscapes there does come a point when you’re through. The thing is finished. You can go out and play a couple of rubbers of bridge. But in this theatrical game there is no time limit whatsoever. ‘Pie in the Sky' INCIDENTALLY, I want to begin propagandizing now on a personal campaign of my own, which may be a little treasonable. Officially, we have a working title, and that is, “Shoot the Works!” It conveys to me the spirited sense of “Take a Chance!” “Let it Ride,” and expresses a healthy gambling point of view. But my favorite, above all other names, which have been suggested, is “Pie in the Sky.” I tried it on a number of people and the reaction of a good many has been: “All right. But what does it mean?” As if that mattered. Os course, “Pie in the Sky” has a meaning to anybody familiar with radical politics. And there should be more of just such people. It comes from the old I. W. W. version of the Salvation Army’s “Sweet Bye and Bye,” and it runs: * “Long-haired come out every night. “Try to tell you what’s wrong and what’s right;

llll&l

RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE June 17

ON June 17, 1917, the Russian duma, in secret session, voted in favor of “an immediate offensive in close co-operation with Russia’s allies.” The offensive began on July 1 and its initial success was encouraging. It seemed as though the miracle of the restoration of the Russian army had been achieved. “Here,” as John Spargo said, “was an army whose dead and wounded already amounted to more than 3,000,000 men, an army which had suffered incredible hardships, again going into battle with songs. “On the first of July more than 36,000 prisoners were taken by the Russians on the southwestern front. Then came the tragic harvest of Bolshevist propaganda. “Regiment after regiment refused to obey orders. Officers were murdered brutally by their men. Along a front of more than 150 miles, the Russians retreated without attempting to fight, while the enemy steadily advanced. “This was made possible by the agitation of the Bolsheviki, especially by the mutiny they provoked among the troops in the garrison at Petrograd.”

or make any adjustments yourself. Close off the gas till the repair man comes. “6. If the gas pressure changes, report the fact at once. If there is too great pressure, the gas will not burn properly and will give off considerable carbon monoxide gas. If there is too little pressure, some of the portholes in your appliance may not light. This will happen particularly if they are dirty, and filled with soot. Those portholes which do not light leak a certain amount of gas, and injure your health. As already has been stated, the fact that you do not smell any leaking gas is no indication that there is no leak. “7. If you find that you get a headache at your work, carbon monoxide may be present in the air. Look for leaks and poor connections. Report your headaches to your employer and the plant doctor, so that they can find out if your headaches are caused by carbon monoxide gas. “8. If you are not feeling well, see a doctor right away. If you get headaches at work due to gas, try some other kind of work. It doss not pay to remain where you are and permanently injure your health.”

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interestine writers and are presented without reirar4 to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaner.—The Editor.

But when asked ’bout something to eat “They will answer with voices so sweet: CHORUS "You will eat bye and bye In that glorious land above the sky. , “Work and pray—live on hay; You 11 get pie in the sky when you die!” (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

Questions and Answers

How many bank failures occurred in the United States between October, 1929, and April 1, 1931? In October, 1929, there were fortythree bank failures, in November, sixty-eight, and in December, fiftytwo. In 1930 bank failures totaled 1,345, and during the first three months of 1931 the total number of bank failures was 370. Is it possible for fish to remain alive after being frozen in ice? An instance is cited where goldfish remained alive after being frozen in a pond all winter, in Siberia there are rivers containing fish which are buried in the mud, and which are frozen all winter, but are alive in the spring. Is the unconscious mind the same as subconscious mind? Psychologists speak of the subconscious mind, meaning the mental processes that lie beneath the surface of active thought. There could be no such a thin£“ as an unconscious mind unless a person has lost complete consciousness.

Canning and Preserving From now on, throughout the summer, when fresh fruits and vegetables are plentiful, Mrs. Frugal Housewife will do her canning and preserving. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a packet of four of its comprehensive bulletins. They are: 1. Home Canning 3. Jams and Conserves 2. Putting Up Catsups and Relishes 4. Jelly Making at Home If you want this packet of bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. _ _ CLIP COUPON HERE Department B-l, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of four bulletins on canning, preserving and Jelly making and inclose herewith 15 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No City 5tate........... I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

-JUNE 17,1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

It's June, and Hot Spells and Thunderstorms Are Here . NOW that June is here, hot spells and thunderstorms are the chief unpleasant items on the weatherman's schedule. After July it will also be necessary to keep an eys out for the West Indian hurricanes along the eastern coasts. With the arrival of June, as Dr. C. F. Brooks, professor of meteorology at Clark university, points out. “Fair and warmer” becomes a good forecast. But the pleasant routine of fair days gradually growing warmer frequently and rudely is interrupted. As Professor Brooks writes. "The sun has some competition. The Great Lakes are still almost icy cold. Ice floes and icebergs are still drifting down from Labrador cmd Greenland. “Warm air from the interior of the country rises and drifts away at, the upper levels to settle perhaps over the cold w-ater of the Great Lakes, Hudson bay and the Labrador current. “Still warmer air is drawn in from the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf stream. The east experiences a hot wave. “Then the cool air from the north and northeast creeps in under and over the warm humid air; there are general thunderstorms and the hot wave is broken. “It is the forecaster's Job to tell when all this is going to happen, a matter of great interest to the farmer, the ice man, and the summer vacationist.” nett The Hot Wave WEATHER changes are due to the passage of “lows” and “highs” low pressure and high pressure areas—across the country. In the summer the contrast between low’s and highs is not as great as it is in the winter. For that, and a number of other reasons, the behavior of the weather is different in many respects, in the summer than it is in the winter. In winter, the northeast gale frequently sweeps up the length of the entire Atlantic coast, bringing rain and snow. The summer northeaster is a localized disturbance. It is likely to last much longer, however. Sometimes it will hang on for three or four days. It usually is due to the stalling of a “low” off the New England coast coincident with the presence of a high pressure area over the Labrador current. The cold air pours down from the “high” into the “low,” causing the formation of clouds and then rain. The dreaded hot w r aves of summer are caused by the relation of high and low pressure areas over the United States. When an area of high pressure covers the southeastern states, while a low pressure area advances from the west across the northern states, the stage is all set for a hot wave. It will be remembered that air always flows from an area of high pressure into an area of low- pressure. The flow is not directly into the low *due to the rotary movement of the winds which is a result of the earth’s rotation. Consequently, as the “low’” moves across the northern states, heated air constantly is poured into the right of the “low” from the “high”" in the south.

The Thunderstorm THE hot wind of summer usually is accompanied by an increase in humidity. The heat evaporates local moisture and the winds bring in additional moisture. After three or four days of a hot spell, the moisture accumulated is so great, that a local thunderstorm usually results. The fourth or fifth day usually sees the end of a hot spell. This is caused by the arrival of a “high” which has been traveling some distance behind the “low.” The contact of the cool front of this “high” with the warm area results in thunderstorms of great violence along what is known as the “windshift line.” This is the line where the hotwinds of the “low” meet the cool winds of the “high.” The windshift line thunderstorms usually are very violent. They are accompanied by terrific downpours of rain and occasionally by winds of destructive violence. While most hot spells are caused' by winds coming in from the south in the way just described, occasional hot spells are caused by winds from' the northwest. Extreme hot spells of this type were experienced during the first half of the summer of 1923 in the northeastern part of the United States. The heated air in these hot spells flowed in from the great plains, coming distances of more, than a thousand miles over the dry heated ground. Hot spells from the northwest* differ from the usual type, because of their extreme dryness. Such volumes of air were involved in the 1923 hot spell that not even the Great Lakes, usually an effective force for cooling, had much' influence upon them. Is “My Dear Mr. Smith” more’ formal than “Dear Mr. Smith”? “My Dear Mr. Smith” is considered the more formal salutation. What is the name of the new planet, discovered jin 1930? Pluto.