Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 21, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 June 1931 — Page 4

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SOUP*3-HOWAMD

The Fathers and the Racketeers Racketeering and lawlessness in America today are not primarily due to the invasion of America by ‘the scum of Europe.” They are the perpetuation of the lawless heritage of the fathers who subdued "3,000,000 square miles of forest and river and mine." Such is the contention of Professor William E. Dodd, one of the most competent of American historians and publicists, writing in the New York Times, Professor Dodd holds that we are in 1931 pay- , ing the price of lawless behavior in 1631, 1731 and 1831. The ‘‘small fry”—Capone, Rothstein, Diamond et al. —only are learning the lessions taught them by the behavior cf “thv great, the cood and the wise" throughout American history. Professor Dodd does not rest content with blanket charges. He provides a long bill of particulars. First, our ancestors disregarded the treaties with the red men and massacred right and left from the days of Massasoit to those of Sitting Bull. Next, they violated the British navigation acts through wholesale smuggling. This was lawlessness among the high and mighty. Meanwhile, the oppressed masses were making their contribution to lawlessness through breaking their contracts as indentured servants and redemptioners. The very framing of the Constitution was a lawless act, since the delegates had no authority to make anew Constitution. After 1807 it became a capital crime to import a Negro slave into the United States. Yet 10,000 were brought between 1807 and 1861, and the first man was hanged for the offense in 1862. Southerners flaunted the law, In spite of the fact that it was the work of Thomas Jefferson. This prompted northerners to disregard the fugitive slave law, requiring the return of runaway slaves to their owners. The latter form of lawlessness was one of the major causes of the Civil war. Immediately after that war the northern carpetbaggers and the southern scalawags and galvanized Yankees launched an era of wholesale lawlessness. When thi3 ceased, the south proceeded to ignore the Intent and letter of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments. The Sherman anti-trust law was passed in 1890. but it never has been honestly or consistently enforced. The fiction of good and bad trusts soon arose. Moreover, this law was perverted and turned against labor—quite contrary to all intent of the framers. The Pullman strike and the Danbury hatters’ cases are but two conspicuous examples. Then along came prohibition, which has been challenged joyfully by rich and poor alike and has opened the way for a vast development of racketeering. The contemporary racketeer thinks it is the turn of the poor and low-born to cash in on the lawlessness racket. ‘‘lf the great may ignore social restraint and positive law, why may not lesser folk do likewise, or worse?” Professor Dodd closes with the sagacious observation that “the great and the wealthy must obey the law if they wish not themselves one day to become the victims of lawlessness. This is perhaps a dark picture, but it is no darker than the facts.” Read ’Em and Weep At the time of the worst industrial depression and largest unemployment and largest federal deficit in our history, the Hoover higher tariff has destroyed our richest foreign market and strained the friendship of our best neighbor. That is the significance of the new Canadian tariff wall raised in retaliation against us. Last year, Canada, our largest and friendliest customer, protested against the proposed tariff increases of the Hoover administration. The administration ignored that just warning Today its folly has returned to torture it. Three times in little more than a year, Canada, in self-protection, has struck back at us—in May, 1930, in September and on June 1. And now there is a prohibitive tariff or a virtual embargo on many of our exports, which in 1920 totaled almost one billion dollars. Now the total Is cut almost in half. In the last twelve months our Canadian exports have dropped from $847,000,000 to $584,000,000 a year. Thus the Hoover higher tariff, touted to protect American industry and wage earners, has closed or put on part time many American factories and added to the 6,000,000 unemployed. To evade the retaliatory Canadian tariff wall, many American plants have moved to Canada—throwing more Americans out of jobs permanently. Premier Bennett announced on Monday that since the September tariff increase, seventy-five new American industries had moved to Canada. That was in addition to the 389 American subsidiaries, valued at $485,000,000, already operating there. To hasten and increase that flight of American capital and industries to Canada, the Ottawa government now has provided only a low 2 per cent income tax on Canadian investments of non-residents. Os course there is nothing new and unexpected * about this higher tariff boomerang, which has destroyed foreign markets essential to our prosperity, cut our customs receipts, and deprived American workers of their jobs. Many American business men, most of the American press and more than 1,000 leading economists warned the administration when it forced through s he billion-dollar tariff grab a year ago that precisely this would happen. But we are not interested in “I-told-you-so.” It is the future that matters. The Hoover administration might with great charity be excused for the costly blunder of raising the tariff. But —now that the results of Its folly are clear to every discouraged stockholder and every jobless worker—there will be no excuse for the Hoover administration if it refuses to help the country by lowering the tariff it raised. If not at a special session before, then congress when it meets in December must cut the tariff to help revive prosperity. Hughes Today Years work subtle changes in the mental attitudes of men. Youth Is bold and progressive. Age is cautious and conservative. The rule is almost universal, but there are exceptions. Justice Holmes, for example. He is 9*. Through his life there has been no weakening in that forwardlooking. liberal outlook of his. Though old physically, he mentally is young. In the nation's highest judicial office we now are observing a most interesting transformation. Charles Evana Hughes Is 69. In his early years he was conspicuous as one who chal ,o nged “things as they are." He was a crusader, a reformat #* the grave abuses of the early years of the century. * In his handling of the Armstrong insurance Investigation and as Governor of New York he became

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPI’S-HOW ARl> NEW SPAPER t Owned and publiibed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind, Price In Marlon County. 2 cecta a copy: elsewhere. 3 eenta—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. PRANK G. MORRISON. Editor I resident Business Manager PHONE— Riley 5551 THURSDAY, JUNE 4, 1931, Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Allianbe. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

known as one of the nation's most aggressive liberals. A quarter century passed. In February, 1930, for the second time Charles Evans Hughes was appointed to the United States supreme court. Bitter opposition arose—on the ground that Hughes was a reactionary. Time apparently had worked Its customary spell. But today, once again, Charles Evans Hughes is hailed as a liberal. In decisions as vital to the future of the nation as was the writing of the original Constitution, he appears as the aggressive champion of civil liberties. He stands with Holmes and Brandeis. This newspaper was one that opposed the confirmation of Hughes. It believed—on his record as secretary of state —that he would put his weight on the side of property rights as against human rights. It believed that age and an environment of corporation law had changed him into a different man than the Hughes of a quarter century before. It could see the dangers of a court lopsided in behalf of property and of conservatism. That having been our position then, it is only fair that now we should express our sincerest admiration for the recent decisions of the man we opposed. Good Pacifist Propaganda General MacArthur, chief of staff, may be a great military tactician; indeed, we are inclined to think he is. But as a propaganda strategist, he is a complete washout. He has issued a shrill denunciation of pacifist clergymen. The fact that the chief of staff officially is opposed to pacifists wifi not strike the American people as particularly new or significant. But by his attaek, the general has given publicity to a very big newa story which hitherto has escaped the attention of most of the American public. The news story is this: Os 19,372 clergymen answering a questionnaire of the magazine, The World Tomorrow, 12,076, or 62 per cent, said the churches should go on record as refusing to support or sanction any future wkr. Not 1 per cent of the churches opposed the last war. If 62 per cent of the churches oppose the next war, there probably wifi be no next war for the United States. Mussolini Music Mussolini got excited some months ago over the adverse publicity he received in this country from a speech by General Butler of the marines. II Duce had enough bluff to make the state department bow to him. But how is Mussolini going to censor American opinion of the Toscanini incident? That has revealed the Fascist dictatorship in all its cheap and cruel futility. Many Americans, especially of the wealthy class which has tended to admire the dictator, are more enraged by the mistreatment of the great conductor than by all the Fascist murders of labor leaders and liberals. Asa conductor in New York and on tour, Signor Toscanini has won the admiration and loyalty of tens of thousands of music lovers in the United States. They resent the indignities which he has suffered from the dictatorship of his own country. Because he exercised his right as a free man and as a musician, in declining an impertinent demand to add a tawdry Fascist anthem to his concert at Bologna, he was knocked down by a Fascist official. Mussolini, instead of punishing the subordinate, has sanctioned the assault by withdrawing Toscanini’s passport and holding him a virtual prisoner. Serge Koussevitsky, conductor of the Boston Symphony, has canceled a concert engagement in' Milan in protest against this “unbelievable outrage : against the whole artistic world.” It is hardly to be expected, however, that such ! boycotts and bad publicity will change the nature of the Mussolini dictatorship. The moral, apparently, is that those who wish to retain their self-respect and freedom should stay away from Fascist Italy. Mayor Walker has quit wearing blue serge suits. It will be too much to expect him to shine in conversation now. The Mediterranean fruit fly menace is under control, it is said. Is this the blight that failed? “I’ll get -he swing of things,” as the confident golfer said.

REASON

AT Decoration day services this year there was a great dramatic interest, due to the passing of the ‘‘Boys in Blue.” At some meetings there were only one or two survivors and at others only a handful. a a There was a. thoroughbred note struck at several places by the G. A. R. survivors who had taken into their fold the one or two ex-Confederate soldiers who lived in the community. With this spirit existing all over the countrv, there should be a joint reunion of the Blue and Gray at the Chicago world's fair in 1933. a a u If the -politicians only had kept out of the mess after Appomattox there would have been little trouble. The soldiers always managed to get along with each other and McKinley once said that all 'of the hard feelings between the sections was due to thcs who never smelled gunpowder. a a a IV/fISS HELEN STONE of Colorado fell from a seventy-foot cliff into Boulder creek then was carried over a twenty-foot dam, after which she was drawn into a whirlpool and then thrown upon some rocks, but she will recover. With such a record, Miss Stone even might survive in the sea of matrimony. a a a You have to take your hat off to President Hoover for one thing and it is that he has protected us from a continuous stream of foreign immigration. It is one of the biggest things any President has done in a long time, but little has been said about it. a s o Congress failed to enact any legislation to save us from foreign job hunters when jobs were scarce for our own people, but Mr. Hoovei instructed the immigration authorities to exclude all those who had no definite assurance of employment and who therefore would become public charges. a a a AS a result of this executive action, our incoming tide of Europeans is more than ten thousand less every month than it was one year ago. And as a result of the depression, almost twice as many foreigners have gone back home as have entered. But, do not become despondent, for when times pick up the dear fellows will all return. a a a The other dey in Germany the Labor Institute advertised for an official beer drinker and the number of applicants was so great the police had to be called out, but if anybody in this country should advertise for a suds consumer, we would have to call out the army and the navy, &

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

What Is the Use of Wasting Time in Talk About Things on W hick Every One Agrees? New YORK, June 4.—Delegates to the Northern Baptist convention, now in session at Kansas City, are treated to a rather gloomy portrayal of the churph condition by the Rev. M. E. Dodd. With 10,006 churches showing no gam whatever and with Baptist ministers throughout, the country bringing in an average of only six members each, he declares that the denomination “seems to be committing spiritual race suicide.” Such a method of appraising religious progress suggests that he is right. You simply can not translate spiritual growth into figures. If you could, Christianity would have perished on calvary. a a a No Aid to Christianity TTTHILE one school of divines W seeks to measure religious work by counting noses, another seeks to boost it by compromising with people who prefer something The Rev. Arthur Stanley Wheelock of White Plains, N. Y., announces a thirty-five-minute service at 8 o’clock for accommodation of golfers, bathers and picnickers. It may be a comforting thought that salvation is merely a matter of mathematics, on the one hand, or of salesmanship on the other, but somehow the thing doesn’t seem 1 to be working out right. a a a The Little Man Pays WHATEVER may be said for salesmanship!, mathematics is leading to some curious results right now. .' The New York electric light companies just have announced a decrease in rates,* which sounds fine, until one learns that only larger consumers will be benefited, while those at the foot of the line will pay more. If a householder has been paying more than $1.96 a month he will get a reduction; if not, he . will get an increase. It all goes back to the rate-mak-ing theory, which argues that since it costs more to provide small consumers with electricity, they should be charged more in proportion. a a a Another Tariff Blow CANADA is the twenty-sixth country to raise its tariff rates since the Smoot-Hawley bill was adopted. Democrats see it as just one more case of retaliation; Republicans as just one more of normal protection. No mattc-r which you like best, the effect wil be the same—reduction of trade and more unemployment. As progressive leaders point out, it is a good bet that the Canadian tariff wil result in the establishment of more American-owned plants across the border. a a a We Should Argue G1 0 V Ei-uNOR RITCRIL of MaryT land is dissatisfied with the rule which prevents discussion of controversial subjects at Governors’ conferences. He thinks that they are about the only ones which merit discussion. They are. What is the use of wasting time in talk about things of which every one agrees? If the tariff had been discussed openly and frankly, as it should have been, and as it used to be, we might have avoided the mess we now are in. St tt St Why We Blunder SIDESTEPPING debate on the ground that someone may feel hurt or get mad has had a lot to do with the mistakes and blunders from which we are suffering. If the successful operation of a republic depends on one thing more than another, it is the ability of j people to disagree and argue With- ! out losing their tempers. Somehow or other, we seem to ! have lost faith- in that ability. Though still teaching our children to debate in the public schools, we forbid it at noon-day luncheon clubs. A man can’t argue even over the I radio unless he owns his own sta- j tion. a a a Scared of Free Speech AS a matter of fact, we Ameri- ' cans probably are more j alarmed at the thought of free • speech than we ever were before. At any rate, that appears to be the only logical explanation for some of the laws and regulations enacted during the last dozen years. The scare over “red” propaganda, street meetings, radical journals and soap box orators is significant, not because of what they might do, but because of the growing timidity it reveals on our part. The old. boys were not afraid of | argument, which is cne reason why ; they got along so well and learned I so much.

Questions and Answers

What is the derivaticn of the name Santos? It is from the Latin and means holy. Was “The Taming of the Shrew,” in which Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford starred, a talking picture? Yes. Where do the Chester Hale Girls, who appear in vaudeville, get their costumes? What is their salary? The costumes are rented from costumers in New York. Their individual salaries are S6O a week. Who was imperial chancellor of Germany during the World war? At the beginning of the war and until 1917 the imperial chancellor and prime minister oi Prussia was Dr. Von Bethmann-Hollweg. He was succeeded by Dr. George Michaelis in 1917, and nearly at the close of the war he in turn was succeded by Count George von Kertling. Who draws the comic strip cartoon, ‘ Boots and Her Buddies,” and what is his address? Edgar Martin draws the cartoon and his address is in care of NEA Cleveland. Q.

■".'—■.l* 11 ' ■ ■ 1 " 111 ■

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Even Normal Eye Has Some Defects

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ALTHOUGH the human eye Is one of the finest instruments of which mankind has any knowledge, even a normal eye has some defective qualities. An eye that Is abnormal may be nearsighted, farsighted, have a severe degree of astigmatism, be color blind, or in other ways fail to function perfectly. However, even a normal eye may have difficulty in adjusting itself to various colors and in focusing according to changes in color. If an object is in focus when viewed by red light, the focus may be changed if the same object is viewed by violet light; hence in scientific work it sometimes is necessary to wear lenses to take care of the wavelengths of various colors or lights. The visual field of the human being is not nearly so great as that of many other species in proportion to the size of the body. The visual image is inverted on the retina or sensitive nerve tissue

IT SEEMS TO ME

“|_TE muttered to the official, AX ‘Your’e blind.’” “The crowd booed and whistled.” “Here the American howled, ‘No!’ ” “The American was struggling but showing his temper at all times.” “He was unable to speak.” These brief quotations do not refer to a boxing match between professional prize fighters or a reception to visiting mayors. They are culled from the cabled account in the New York Herald Tribune of a lawn tennis match between George Lott and Pat Hughes, a British star. The match was played in Paris, and dur Mr. Lott lost to his English opponent largely because his disposition became ruffled. It is sometimes assumed that these international contests promote good will. lam afraid that it might be an excellent idea to have a good will tour for the ending of good will tours if world amity is to be preserved. a a a What “Sport”? INDEED, I feel that one might go further and attack the very authenticity of that familiar word “sport.” In numerous fields of athletic endeavor it has come to be a misnomer. Most championship tests of any kind are hard, gruelling ordeals. I was talking to one of the best of our young amateurs the other day about tournament golf. And I asked him, “What do you say to ycur opponent during a hard match?” “Why, I don’t say anything!” he exclaimed in surprise. And when I suggested that this seemed a somewhat chill and unfriendly sort of competition, he explained: “Why, most of us follow that same rule. You don’t talk to the man you’re playing with until

People’s Voice

Editor Times—lt is quite evident that prohibition and unemployment will be the political issues of the next campaign. Prohibition of what, liquor or labor? Why obscure the paramount issue with idle talk about prohibition when six millions or mere are jobless and undernourished? A man without a job is like a man without a country, which is one of | the most fruitful causes of revolution. America, with all her vast resources and money power, is not immune from such crisis. If the financial interests can not solve the problem through a more equitable distribution of the wealth of the United states, why not abandon political fiction and make the necessary adjustments by taxation? The purchase of bare necessities by the commonwealth will not reinstate prosperity. A letter written by Thomas Paine in 1789 to a Mrs. Few in this country described the conditions which he hoped never would exist in America. 'E. D. BRECOUNT.

The Emergency Case!

at the back of the eye. A machine is used by experts in diseases of the eye for measuring the field of vision and charting it. The distinctness of vision varies with different parts of the retina. The condition of the retina changes after one has been a long time in light and then is exposed suddenly to darkness. As one passes from daylight into a dark room, vision at first is very bad, but after some minutes rapidly improves. The famous prisoner, Caspar Hauser, was supposed to be able to see stars in the daytime because he had lived so many years in a black dungeon that his eyes had changed in their visual ability. The retina has "the power to adapt itself to correspond with variations in the intensity of illumination. Various parts of the retina vary in their ability It sometimes is possible to see a very faint star in the twilight when looked at from one point of view and to fail to see it entirely when looking at it from another angle, so that the image falls on a different part of the retina.

the match is over and you shake hands. “If you chattered away at him, he’d have the notion that you were trying to get his goat. It’s' best to keep your trap shut.” Yet I must persist that this picture of two grim fighters marching silently and stolidly through long lanes of spectators hardly can be anybody’s idea of a ripping good time. And again, in the foremost of all college sports, fun is largely barred out of the picture. Once upon a time there was a captain of a Harvard eleven which had a disastrous season. Only two or three minor games were victorious. Against Yale the team did find itself a little bit and managed to hold a vastly superior Blue eleven down to a couple cf fcoi chdowns. * u A Football Heresy AT the traditional dinner, where the men broke training, the captain made a speech and said in effect: “Well, I know it was a bad season, but I think that all of us can look back to it without regret, because, after all, we had a good time.” That captain became a marked man in the eyes of Harvard football authorities. He never was permitted to take any part in coaching after his graduation. And even when he paid a casual visit to the gridiron, he was not welcomed. He had committed the arch heresy by suggesting that having a good time might be more important than winning. Just now we have the spectacle of a number of young oarsmen dropped from the Yale squad in a public manner. It is announced that they broke training rules. The precise nature of the offenses has not been given out. Still, I hold that this is another indication of

pH cl o ayl < Mt hep*

NEW RUSSIAN COMMAND Vjune 4

ON June 4, 1917, General Alexander Brusiloff became com-mander-in-chief of the Russian armies. succeeding General Michael Alexieff, who had resigned. Another important resignation which took place in Russia at this tiime, occurred when A. I. Konovaloff, minister of . commerce and trade, resigned because of a disagreement with the minister of labor concerning economic and financial questions. Many strikes followed in Petrograd. On this day the front the Italians drove the Austrians from captured advance positions on the western slopes cf San Marco. * This is also the anniversary of the terrific fighting at Lens, when, in< spite of the heavy activity of allied airmen, the British advance on the western front was temporarily checked.

Because all these processes of adaptation of tissue to changing conditions tend to produce wear and tear, much is made of having proper illumination for all working conditions. Constant strain and fatigue uses up the tissues of the body and brings about loss of effectiveness. There are all sorts of v sual disturbances which do not represent actual defects of the eye, but are the result of its construction. If one looks up at the blue sky, he will notice a number of minute specks that move in front of the eye in definite parts. These specks are the olood corpuscles moving in the very tiny blood vessels of the retina. If the heart beat is increased so the corpuscles move faster, the specks will be noted to move faster. Sometimes bright lights seen at night, as for example street lamps, appear to be surrounded by colored rings, blue inside and red on the outside. These colors are due to fibers of the lens and to the cells of the i cornea, representing visualization of j structures which ordinarily would \ not be seen.

nv HEYWOOD m BROUN

1 the rigidity of our sport tradition. The sins of the young men were probably not monumental or in any sense unusual. They merely were infractions against a code grown by many stages far too Spartan. Discipline and regimentation have taken hold of various activities which ought to be recreational. Os course, the whole business of crew is to me mysterious. Granted that much of a football player’s time is spent in dull pursuits, he has a chance at times to swing clear of the pack in a dash which thrills him just as much as it does the spectators. tt U tt Ask the Slaves BUT the monotony of pulling constantly in rhythm upon a sweep is unbroken. Once I asked an oarsman from Yale what he could remember of the four-mile grind against Harvard. He had rowed his big race ten years before. He told me that just one recollection remained. He said that the man in front of him had a bruised spot on the back of his neck where a collar button had pressed a little too hard. “And all through the race,” he said, “I kept my eyes fixed on that small brown blotch. That’s what the race has meant to me.” Os course, there are games which seem to be fun. But these are among the less popular of college sports. Baseball, for instance, is obviously on the decline among undergraduates. It arouses no such public interest as crew or football, track or hockey. Basketball is still, in most eastern colleges, a minor sport. (CoDyrlKht. 1931, The Times!

Banking in the U. S. What is a national bank? What is a state bank? What is a trust company? What is a private bank? What is a savings bank? What is a clearing house association? What is a federal reserve bank? What is a farm loan bank? Why do banks fail? How are banks inspected? What safeguards your money in the bank? What has the federal reserve system done to making banking safer and better in the United States? Can you answer all these? If not, and you are interested in banks and banking—and everybody is, of course—you will want to read our Washington bureau’s latest bulletin, BANKING IN THE UNITED STATES. It will give you a condensed but clear description of the various kinds of banking institutions, their methods and purposes. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 127, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin BANKING IN THE UNITED STATES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, for return postage and handling oosts: NAME STREET AND NO I CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed m this column are those of one of America's most inter, estinc writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

JUNE 4, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

The Clouds Will Bring You a. World of In fo r mat ion About the Weather. T'HE weather, as a subject of conversation, is very old. Asa subject of scientific study, it is much younger. Scientists still have much to learn about the weather. The average man’s interest in weather increases with the approach of the vacation season. As outings, tours, hikes, and boat rides are planned, the question of the weather assumes great importance. There are a number of weather signs, not always infallible, but usually trustworthy, which the average person can learn to recognize. The owner of an expensive barometer can learn to predict the weather with a reasonable degree of accuracy. In addition, the study of the weather is in itself a pleasant and agreeable hobby. This is particularly true of the study of clouds. Clouds are a never-ceasing source of beauty and the person who has failed to learn to observe the clouds has cheated himself of one of nature's richest offerings. No two days are alike to the person who has formed the habit of studying the clouds It is an easy matter to learn the different types of clouds and the information which thev convey about the weather. van Weather and History WHILE people in general talk a great deal about the weather it is usually only in the time cf some extreme condition, like last year's drought, that they realize how great a role the weather plavs in life. The reading public is familiar with the great damage which a storm can do. The Galveston hurricane of Sept. 8, ISOO, was particularly disastrous. The toll of life reached 6,000, while the damage was estimated at $30,000,000. Weather has played an important role in shaping the course of history. A change in weather cost Great Britain its military chief in the early days of the World war. Lord Kitchener, field marshal o* the British forces, had hurried north in answer to an urgent appeal from the czar of Russia to visit what then was St. Petersburg to discuss means of obtaining closer co-oper-ation between the Russian and British forces. He arrived at Scapa Flow in the afternoon of June 5, 1916. He dined there with the senior officers and expressed a desire to be on his way as soon as possible. The Hampshire, a fast cruiser, was put at his service to carry him and his personal staff to Archangel. At the time a heavy noriheast gale was blowing. The naval officers were of the opinion that the ship would have an easier time if it left Scapa Flow by the west entrance. (Scapa Flow is a British naval base in the Shetland Islands.) The officers thought the ship w'ould be sheltered from the northeast ‘winds and high seas a a a T/ie Storm Shifted BUT even at that time the storm center was shifting. Perhaps the British weather office could have furnished this information if it had been consulted. At any rate, the Hampshire started out at 5 p. m. The northeast winds shifted to northwest winds of even greater velocity. At 7:40 p. m., the Hampshire struck a submerged mine which had been put in place a day earlier. It was impossible to send help because of the high seas and the terrific wind. Only twelve of the ship's company survived-the disaster and were picked up later. Kitchener, they said, last was seen standing beside the captain of the doomed vessel. The study of weather, as already noted, is extremely young. When the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, the barometer had not been invented. It was not until twentythree years later that Toricelli discovered the principle of the barometer. The word “cyclone,” which figures so largely In all discussions of the weather today, did not come into use until 1848. It first was used by Piddington, who published his “Sailor’s Hornbook” at Calcutta in that year. The word comes from the Greek and signifies the coils of a snake. Piddington used it because his study of storms in the Indian ocean and the Bay of Bengal had led him to the conclusion that there was a circular motion of the wind in storms.

Daily Thought

Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.— Proverbs 20:1. Drunkenness is nothing else than a voluntary madness.—Seneca. What role was played by Marion Lessing in the motion picture “The Seas Beneath?” Anna Maria.