Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 20, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 June 1931 — Page 4

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SCAIAAJ-HOWnAD

Drugs, Prohibition and Crime Prohibition of alcohol is under wide attack by different classes, professions, parties, and sections. Yet almost no one thinks of attacking the prohibition of narcotics. Indeed, it is assumed that the anti-narcotic legislation possesses something like the cosmic validity of Einstein's law of relativity. It is used by the prohibitionist to push the anti-prohibitionist into a logical corner. The former gets the latter to agree that the prohibition of drugs'by law is a good thing. He then invites the “wet” to show why it is not logical to apply the same reasoning to alcohol. Now Dr. Benjamin Karpman of St. Elizabeth's hospital in Washington cornea out and attacks the Harrison anti-narcotic act as more vicious in its effects than the eighteenth amendment and the Volstead and Jones acts. Dr. Karpman says that before passage of the Harrison act, when the administration of drugs was left to physicians and druggists, drug addiction was chiefly an individual matter. It might demoralize the addict, but use of drugs was not a socialized practice. There was no contagion about it. Medical advice as to taking the drug also was available. Further, drug addicts contributed far less than their proportionate share to the criminal class. The effect of the drug turned them away from crime, and there was no reason for shooting, robbing, or assaulting anybody to get the drug wanted. Then came the Harrison act. What followed? According to Dr. Karpman, the increase of every evil directly and indirectly associated with the drug traffic. First, it increased the number of addicts several fold, particularly as a result of the spread of the habit in prisons through the work of the convicted addicts. Moreover, without medical advice accessible, the pres-ent-day addict is likely to take overdoses of the drug. In the second place, it made criminals of the addicts: “The urge to have the drug is so compelling that the addict will stop at nothing to obtain it; he will lie, steal, rob, and murder for the sake of obtaining a few grains.” It has made crime in connection with obtaining drugs a vast organized thing, Karpman .says. The tremendous intensity of the demand, the recklessness of the addict, and the great potential profits all contribute logically to building up powerful drug rings. Drug addiction, Karpman continues, spreading like wildfire among convicts, has increased the difficulty of prison discipline. It has encouraged the return of discharged convicts to a life of crime. The prisoner who has acquired the habit while in the pen has a double pressure on him to keep him a criminal. Likewise, the drug act has increased prostitution The female will sell her body to get the drug as eagerly as the male addict will commit a crime for the same purpose. If we may believe Dr. Karpman, then, the Harrison act is as indefensible as the Volstead act, freely granting the desirability of reducing drug addiction and criminality. At any rate, his contentions are worthy of further study.

Your Freedom The man in the street should be as much interested In the supreme court decision upholding freedom of the press :.s the man behind the editorial desk. For freedom of the press is essential to all civil liberties and all free government. Without freedom of the press, our country probably would have remained a foreign colony. Madison, the great authority on the bill of rights, said: “Had the sedition act, forbidding every publication that might bring the constituted agents into contempt or disrepute, or that might excite the hatred of the people against the authors of unjust or pernicious measures, been enforced uniformly against the press, might not the United States have been languishing at this day under the infirmities of a sickly confederation? Might they not, possibly be miserable colonies, groaning under a foreign yoke?” And yet the state of Minnesota in this enlightened age put upon its statute books a press gag law akin to that old curse of censorship. If the supreme court had permitted this gag law to stand in Minnesota and later in other states, the press might have become the slave and tool of venal government officials as under similar laws in other countries in centuries past. Story’s classic description of the long fight against gag laws is worth recalling now: “The art of printing soon after its introduction, we are told was looked upon, as well in England as in other countries, as merely a matter of state, and subject to the coercion of the crown. It, therefore, was regulated in England by the king’s proclamations, charters of privileges and licenses, and finally by the decrees of the court of star chamber, which limited the number of printers and presses which each should employ, and prohibited new publications, unless previously approved by proper licensers. “On the demolition of this odious jurisdiction in 1641, the Long Parliament of Charles the First, after its rupture with that prince, assumed the same powers which the star chamber exercised, with respect to licensing books; and during the commonwealth (such is human frailty and the love of power even in republics) they issued their ordinances for that purpose. founded principally upon a star chamber decree of 1637. “After restoration of Charles the Second, a statute on the same subject was passed, copied, with some few alterations, from the parliamentary ordinances. The act expired in 1675, and was revived and continued for a few years after the revolution of 1688. “Many attempts were made by the government to keep it in force; but it was resisted so strongly by parliament that it expired in 1694, and never since has been revived.” But Massachusetts and other of our original thirteen states in their Constitutions found it necessary to give the press unrestrained liberty so that—to quote an early chief justice—officials could not “stifle the efforts of patriots toward enlightening their fellowsubjects upon their rights and the duties of rulers.” Freedom of the press, therefore, was decreed by our state and federal Constitutions, not as a special favor to a privileged caste of editors and publishers, but as the only final check by free citizens upon their government officials. This does not mean, of course, that editors may print what they please about whom they please without paying the penalty for abuses of that freedom. Hence the strict laws of libel to protect individuals against defamatory matter. But the laws of libel operate after publication, while the Minnesota gag law made possible ’previous restraint” or the permanent closing of a newspaper. Any layman can understand that this kind of press censorship is destructive of democracy, without reading Blackstone, who said: “The liberty of the press is indeed essential to the of a free state; but this consists in no

The Indianapolis Times <4 BCKIFPS-HOWABD NTHSPAPEB) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by Tba Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Btreet. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley 8551 WEDNESDAY. JUNE 3, 1931. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Hrculations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

previous restraints upon publications, and not in freedom from censure for criminal matter when published.” The same distinction between a justified libel law and an unconstitutional gag law was drawn by Chief Justice Hughes in his majority decision Monday, invalidating the Minnesota statute: “For whatever wrong the appellant has committed or may commit by his publications, the state appropriately affords both public and private redress by its libel laws. As has been noted, the statute in question does not deal with punishments; it provides for no punishment, except in case of contempt for violation of the court’s order, but for suppression and injunction, that is, for restraint upon publication.” Whatever its intent, the Minnesota gag law in effect was an invitation to corrupt public officials to intimidate and suppress permanently any newspaper which might expose their corruption. By destroying that unconstitutional law, the supreme court majority has helped to preserve free government, which rests on a free press.

Pinchot on Power Those who still think that federal regulation of the power interests is unnecessary, because of regulations by some of the states, should study Governor Gifford Pinchot’s address to the French Lick conference of Governors. When that experienced Pennsylvania Governor declared that “the doctrine of state’s rights is as impotent to settle this gigantic problem as commercial slavery and political domination as our history has proved it impotent to settle the problems of human slavery,” he stated what has been increasingly obvious for many years. But it has been too long ignored by those seeking political preference. No greater empire than that which now rules the water and air of this and other countries ever has been conceived. As empires do, it levies taxes. As empires do, it imposes its will on those less powerful. The vast organization which controls electric power, the essential factor of industry, and light, the essential element of modern life; which extends its sway over heat ard transportation, over communication and broadcasting and talking pictures and many other phases of everyday life, attempts also to control political life; and often succeeds. It knows no state boundaries, and no state utilities commission can take its measure. Pinchot gives himself a titanic task when he challenges the utilities. No knight battling a five-headed, fire-breathing dragon could promise such excising combat. His is a fight worth making and worthy of encouragement of those for whom it is made.

Wanted: A Dictator? Strangely enough, the unreasoning fear and hatred we feel toward those who advocate dictatorship of the proletariat does not extend to those who advocate other dictatorships for this country. If it did, Representative Eaton of New Jersey would be beyond the pale today. For he has expressed the belief that the country would be better off if the next session of congress could be omitted entirely. Eaton is a Republican and the Republican national committee is none too optimistic these days about the immediate political future. The administration’s record in the last congress did nothing to increase its popularity in the country. Eaton also is a former employe of the General Electric Company and has been an active supporter of electric utilities against those who sought to curb them. So it is hardly surprising that he looks forward with apprehension to a congress which will number among its members numerous gentlemen elected on anti-utility platforms, and very apt indeed to pass the Norris Muscle Shoals bill and provide federal regulation of holding companies. A few of us still are interested in democracy, whether it always achieves results pleasing to us or not. Why all this interest of a sudden in balloon ascensions, when our pitchers go up in the air almost every day? A Chicago school boy wrote a short story on 782 feet of ticker tape. But, unfortunately, his teacher didn’t take any stock in it.

REASON FE “™ S CII

'T'HE horrible miscarriage of justice in the KirkJ- land case is one of those things which enables one to understand why the late Chief Justice Taft declared that our administration of criminal justice is a disgrace to civilization. * n a A scientist tells us that man’s jaw is becoming much shorter, but we wish to inform him in return mat as a result of wearing spectacles with hooks on them, man’s ears are standing out more than ever before. to fact our ears rapidly are becoming the outstanding feature of American life. a a a A YOUNG lad y from the U. S. A. overflows with •X a. ecstasy in describing her thrill when she was recently presented at the British court. If the continental soldiers who starved at Valley Forge could have foreseen her Joy, doubtless they would have felt amply repaid for aU their sufferings. tt a m This trouble which he is having with the Vatican may put a crimp in Mussolini’s majestic march toward power. For the sake of world peace let us hope so. a a a todianians are watching with solicitude the illness of David Starr Jordan, president emeritds of Stanford university, one of the many great college presidents Indiana has given to the world. a a a TNDIANA university Is the oldest state university A west of the Alleghenies and it would be the greatest of them, if in years past we had been able to pay our teachers enough to hold them, instead of developing them for other states. tt a a Speaking of Dr. Jordan reminds us of the story of the fresh student who rushed into Jordan’s office when he was the head of Indiana university and addressed him as “Mr. Prexy.” Jordan replied by saying: “Don’t be so informal; just call me Dave.” a a a THE other night a burglar hid behind a tree in front of a home and watched as the family rame out to take a ride. He saw the foxy father place the key in the wail box and after the family chariot rolled ’round the comer the burglar got it, entered the house and helped himself. a a a One of the great propositions of American life is that every family puts the key either under the rug or in the mail box and solemnly believes that it is fooling everybody else in the land. What this country needs is anew place to keep (ha key. _ ¥

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

That Pinchot Can Get the G. 0. P. Presidential Nomination Is Very Doubtfvl, but That He Would Make Things Interesting Is Certain. YORK. June 3.—The report that Governor Pinchot’s friends are sounding out western sentiment ou the possibility of running him against President Hoover for the Republican nomination in 1932 should cause no surprise. The stage obviously is set for such move, provided a sufficiently strong leader can be found. 1 Millions of the rank and file are ready to vote dissatisfaction with the present administration. Their attitude in this * respect, however, can not be described as new. x The Republican party has been split for twenty years. Opportunism on the one hand and lack of leadership on the other have held it together. an a Pinchot Stands Out OF all those who might lead the liberal Republican element, Pinchot of Pennsylvania is, perhaps, the best bet. When it comes to prohibition, he is as dry as President Hoover, and when it comes to power he is as radical as Senator Norris. That he could get the nomination is very doubtful, but that he would make things interesting is certain. Whatever the Republican party might suffer as a consequence of his entering the race, it would probably do the country some good.

Press Freedom Upheld MEANWHILE, liberalism, socalled, appears to be faring much better at the hands of the supreme court than in some other places. The decision knocking out Minnesota’s “press gag” law represents a triumph not only for honest journalism, but for constitutional government. The issue was whether a state could curtail freedom of the press on general principles, could stop the publication of newspapers and magazines on the ground that they were “malicious, scandalous and defamatory,” and could stifle criticism of public officials on that ground. n tt Safer Than Tyranny IT goes without saying that freedom of the press involves the possibility of abuses. What character of freedom does not? But, as chief Justice Hughes pointed out, such abuses are less dangerous than those which go with censorship and tyranny. In its decision the supreme court upholds that kind of journalism and that kind of patriotism for which our forefathers fought. The law which it annulled was irreconcilable with free government. It was the kind of law which goes with Fascism. a a a Crime Still in Spotlight SPEAKING of law, what a stupendous part it plays in the news, compared with the part it plays in the lives of average people. Outside of being arrested for parking in the wrong place or doing jury duty now and then, the average citizen has slight contact with the law, yet it is responsible for more eight-column scare heads than any other institution. Were it not for a good, juicy murder every so often, our front pages would take on a strange appearance, not to mention the holdups, embezzlements and divorce scandals. It is quite true that newspapers do not run so strongly to crime as they did twenty-five or thirty years ago, but it still is a very important source of copy.

Does the Reform Count? TWO murders drew scareheads in New York papers Tuesday afternoon. One had to do with the killing of a prominent physician by supposedly former employes, who were sore at being discharged. The other, though equally simple and equally brutal, involved problems which merit more than a passing thought. Six years ago a taxicab driver of Hempstead, Long Island, was found shot to death. Suspicion fastened on a man named Philip Knox Knapp, who deserted the army air corps at about the same time. Detectives have been hunting Knapp ever since. They found him Monday night in West Orange, N. J., where he had been living a normal, quiet life for five years under the name of Phillips. When a man is sentenced to prison, he is allowed so much time off for good behavior. Should he be allowed any time off for good behavior before he is caught? We pretend that one function of the prison is to reform offenders, but what about those who have shown a disposition and an ability to reform without going to prison? a a a Puzzle for Society IT commonly Is supposed that no one but a natural-born criminal commits murder and that murderers should be locked up, if not executed, on general principles, no matter how long it takes to run them down. Further than that, it is supposed that they ought to be punished for the sake of example; that society can not survive without punishing them. One can not help speculating whether society would be worse off if this man Knapp never had been found. What is papier-mache? A material made from old paper and like substances ground to a pulp with mike of lime or lime water, to which gum devtrin or starch is added. The pulp is pressed into form, coated with linseed oil, baked at a high temperature and. varnished. It is sometimes mixed with clay or chalk. Who wrote “Green Pastures”? Marc Connelly. What color eyes has Viola Dana? Green. Where is Yale university? New Haven. Conn.

One Place the Depression Is Lifting!

Many Persons ‘Sensitive’ to Foods

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TT'OR years it has been known that people could be sensitive to foods. Recently medicine has been paying more attention to the subject and now has various theories as to why such sensitivities occur. The particular element in foods which causes sensitivity is the protein. It is understood that the main elements of foods are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minteral salts. The views are that the absorption of food occurs so quickly that the proteins get into the blood without having time to be changed chemically as in the normal person; that the digestive juices are changed in some manner so that they are not able to transform the proteins as in the normal person; that the person contains in his body certain substances which interfere with

IT SEEMS TO ME

TNSTEAD of sending mayors to France, it might be a good idea to recruit the next good-will delegation from the Hudson Dusters. That would assure a better exhibition of manners on the part of the visitors. Now that our fighting municipal executives are heading south, I am reminded of a conundrum; What is the difference between Borotra and any one of the visiting mayors sitting on a beach in the Riveria under the sun? The answer goes like this: Borotra is a bounding Basque—and almost any one of the American

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—ln discussions of economics, much is said about a conflict between capital and labor. That there is a conflict need not be denied, but is it necessary, is it rational? Are they not partners, both engaged in the same business, the production of wealth? Their fighting each other is like regiments of the same army fighting among themselves instead of uniting and fighting their common enemy. Let us see. Wealth is what we all want. Labor and capital are engaged in producing it, each helpful to the other. Since their interests are identical, they would be more efficient if they worked in harmony, but they do not always do so. Each blames the other, when, oftentimes, neither is to blame, although both do have a real grievance. What is it? In the production of wealth, there are three elements—land, labor and capital. Land, economically defined, is the entire material universe, and includes, of course, not only the surface of the earth, which we are prone to think of when the term is used, but everything nature has placed on or in it from surface to center, the natural lakes, rivers, forests, oceans, yes, and the atmosphere and sunlight, everything furnished free to mankind by the Creator, or nature, if you prefer. Labor, the active human factor, applied to land, produces the things we use or consume, that is, wealth. When labor has produced more wealth than is required for immediate use or consumption, it is set aside to be used to assist labor in producing more wealth. This is called capital. It generally is used in the form of tools, buildings, machinery or other conveniences, by means of which labor is able to produce wealth more easily, more rapidly and usually of better quality. Then, since capital is a creature of labor, a child of labor, and beautifully adapted to be a valuable assistant to labor in the production of wealth, allies in a common cause, why they quarrel? Would it not be wisdom in both labor and capital to wake up and look elsewhere for the cause of the troubles of both? Isn’t it worth thinking over? Many of our best thinkers already know where the trouble lies, and many more are beginning to suspect the s%me thing. Land is not wealth or’ capital, au.hrmgh now

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

proteins, or pise that the person contains ii Ms blood some substance whim, combining with the protein sets up the condition of sensitivity. There are all sorts of symptoms of sensitivity, some of the most common manifestations being sick headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and also such eruptions as hives, eczema, inflammations of the bronchial tubes, asthma, canker sores in the mouth, and other disturbances. These conditions are not, of course, in any way related to food poisoning, which is due to infestation of food by germs or by poisonous substances. Among the first substances to which some people were found to be especially sensitive was egg. Today it has been shown that practically all foods, except water and sugar, may in some individuals

mayors sitting on a beach under the sun is a basking bounder. tt U U Actors and Bootstraps ACTORS, authors, and artists are energetic and imaginative when it comes to helping others. The actor in particular is beset by benefits throughout the entire theatrical season. Some of the better-known stars devote practically every Sunday to running from one theater to another. I believe Eddie Cantor holds the record for the running benefit broad jump with a mark of seven appearances in a single evening. But actors are not so smart, as a rule, in helping themselves and fellow members of their craft. It is

treated as such. Land is opportunity, raw material, and has no value until population needs it for use. We profess to believe that to the producer should belong the product. Populations by their presence and their combined activities, creating a demand for its use, give to land all its value. Do they get it? J. P. EDWARDS. Editor Times—Liberty is a fine word, and liberty itself is fine if conducted according to the Golden Rule. The word liberty does not mean unbridled license to do as we please, regardless of the welfare of others, yet the word liberty ever is on the tongue of the lawless and is emitted vehemently against any and all restrictive measures. As long as human nature is as it is, restrictive laws will be necessary to curb the acts of those who destroy the peace and welfare of themselves and their fellow-men. In a recent issue, Mrs. C. R. Davis says that she does not agree with me “to repeal all laws.” I did not say that I favored the repeal of all laws. The great argument of those who oppose the eighteenth amendment is that it is unenforceable; it should be repealed. According to that logic, I said that all laws should be repealed, because none of the laws are completely enforceable. There are laws against murder, theft, swindling, blackmail, rape, etc. Yet each and every one of them is violated every day. These violations of law affect the moral, social, economic and physical welfare of all the people. The intemperate use of alcoholic beverages is a curse to the home, society and the government. It's an evil that afflicts us all, drinkers or nondrinkers. We should stand by the amendment, work, pray for its success and, at the same time, strive to rear our children right. No prohibition law will be a success unless it has the aid of the home, the school and the church, and the influence should begin at home, early in the life of children. SOL M. GLICK.

Daily Thought

A man's pride shall bring him low.—Proverbs 29:23. An avenging God closely follows the haughty.—Senecd:

produce the symptoms of food sensitivity. Wheat products, chocolate, potato and fish have been especially recognized. Some babies are sensitive to milk. Other things which have been particularly concerned are raw meats, lobster, crawfish, shrimps, muscles, oysters, kidney beans, prunes and many other similar substances. Apparently the most important methods involved in the control of these conditions are the certain diagnosis made by careful tests and the prevention through avoidance of the food substances involved. The skin tests are simply scratches on the skin on which a little of the extract suspected is spread. A positive reaction includes the development of a red spot. A negative reaction simply means that the scratch heals without any inflammation.

pv HEYWOOD m BROUN

known to all that the theatrical profession is suffering acute hardship at the present moment. Thousands of capable entertainers have no jobs or even a prospect of an engagement. It is a pity that the curtain should not go up and use be made of this talent which is lying idleA I am thinking in terms of cooperative enterprise. Co-operative experiments have been known along Broadway, but generally under the worst possible conditions. When a play has been produced and scored a palpable failure, the members of the cast on occasion have grouped together in an effort to keep the piece alive. Obviously, this is not a fair test of what can be done under joint management. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

: Ttmc-

BELGIAN LABOR NOTE June 3

ON June 3, 1917, an official memorandum presented to the United States government by M. de Cartier, the Belgian minister at Washington, was made public. It summarized the facts of German rule in Belgian and explained the enforced idleness of Belgian working men. The memorandum said in part: “The depressed condition of Belgian industry is not a case of accident caused by the force of extraneous circumstances unconnected with the action of the German authorities; these authorities are, on the contrary, personally responsible. “Since the ocupation of Belgium the German authorities . . . have put into effect the plan worked out in August, 1914, at Berlin, by Dr. W. Rathenau, for the systematic exploitation of all the economic resourses of occupied countries to the profit of the war organization of the empire.”

Getting Married Happy marriage doesn’t “just happen.” It must be attained. At least half the battle is won or lost before she says “Yes!” Our Washington Bureau has ready for you an authoritative and frank discussion of the problems that confront those who are facing the great experiment of matrimony. It contains suggestions for solving the problems that confront any newly married pair. Mothers and fathers of young men and women cn the threshold of matrimony Vill find this bulletin of as great interest to them as will youn°' people contemplating matrimony. Pill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 125, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. . I want a copy of the bulletin SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY 3TATE I am a reader of The lndianapolis Times. (Code No.>

Ideals and opinions expressed in this colnmn are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

.JUNE 3, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Sometimes a Scientist Starts to Search for One Thing and Finds Another. FORTUNE has been called a fickle lady, but it is doubtful if she is half so fickle as scientific research. Research, to change the figure of speech with sudden abruptness, is at once a business, a game, a mystery, and on rare occasions a miracle. Sometimes a great result, under the very noses of all .scientists, goes undiscovered until chance reveals it. Such was Roentgen’s discovery that a Crookes’ tube gave off Xrays. After Roentgen announced his discovery, scientists in all parts of the world who had been working with Crookes’ tubes, found that they had been giving off X-rays all the time. Sometimes years of research are needed to make a discovery. Sometimes years of research end in failure. Sometimes a scientist starts out to find one thing and discovers another. Dr. William R. Whitney, vicepresident and director of the Research laboratory of the General Electric Company, recently told some of the vagaries of scientific research, in an address upon the occasion of the presentation of the Franklin medal to him by the Franklin institute of Philadelphia. Baa An Expansive Field WHEN we began electric research,” Dr. Whitney said, ‘•we called ourselves the first research laboratory in our industry. ‘‘Admittedly others had done research and new engineering work, but we knew of no laboratory in industry where random scientific research was going on and where publication of results was incidentally an aim. ‘‘Electricity offered a very expansive field. It seemed well to combine the studies of the pure science with its applications. This becomes at the same time work and play. ‘‘We started to study scientifically electric light. Theoretically, it then was perhaps 4 per cent efficient. That is, if we could learn to transform electrical energy directly into the ether vibrations of the so-called visible spectrum only, we might conserve 96 per cent of our energy. “While we went to work at once along the edges of the relevant known facts, we did only some of the obvious things, and so slowly raised the efficiency of the light. “This was hot so much by any new conception of what light really is, as by relatively simple, but highly interesting and inquisitive observations. “Fascinated by the spectral lines and light efficiency of mercury vapor, we attacked the various vapor lamps.

The Mercury Arc NEW facts which we learned about the mercury act,” Dr. Whitney continued, “made its application as an alternating current rectifier much more successful than as a luminous source. “These devices have been used for years to supply direct current to the more modem flame arc lamp circuits, but their greatest recent contribution lies in electric railway work, and they now are taking active part in electrification of railways here and abroad. “Thus we found nature a leader easy to follow and difficult to drive. We usually wanted what she gave for our seeking, but we seldom could get exactly what we thought we wanted at the time. We wanted light. She gave us rectifiers.” Dr. Whitney also told of research upon the so-called brushes used to conduct electricity from the moving coils of electric generators and into the moving coils of electric motors. “At present the most common railway motor brush has at least four kinds of carbon in it,” he said, “and it has first been fired for a week in a carefully controlled electric furnace which rises in temperature only about 4 degrees an hour; then it is fired in an ordinary porcelain kiln at the highest available temperature for another week, and then is given a day’s excessively high temperature in an electric furnace. “This turns it In part into a kind of graphite.”

Questions and Answers

What company owns the steamships President Hoover and President Coolidge, and where are the general offices? Both are owned by the Dollar Steamship Lines, with general offices in the Robert Dollar building, San Francisco, Cal. What city is called the “Queen of the Adriatic?” Venice, Italy, bordering on the Adriatic. What is the nationality and meaning of the name Lasher? It is a German family name, meaning loud or noisy. How old is Paul Whiteman? He was bom in Denver, CoL, in 1891.