Indianapolis Times, Volume 43, Number 11, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 May 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

To make the visit of the President to Indianapolis a real success, the Republican editorial brethren, as hosts, should collect all the original Hoover men in Indiana as a special reception committee. Don’t crowd, gentlemen, please. Make room for Ed Bush and Our Jim. Commissioner Eastman Joe Eastman of the interstate commerce commission la proof that a government worker does not have to be a bureaucrat or a yes-man. He wins attention for his ideas on government. His mind touches liberal solutions that usually receive only condemnation from bureaucrats. When he addressed the New York Traffic Club the other day, he said many things the country should hear. For instance: “I have no great sympathy with . . . the . . . idea, popular in some circles, that the less congress sits, the better for the country.” This dogma, spread by so many conservative congressional leaders and business men, was shown by Eastman to be “counterfeit wisdom.” In puncturing another popular fcotion, he said: ‘‘One of the current slogans popular in certain circles is, ‘less government in business, and more business in government.’ Like all advertising slogans, it has the effect of obscuring rather' than illuminating the truth." Explaining that he was speaking for himself and not for the I. C. C., he added: "The fact is that government in business is not an idea which I view with alarm, if the business is of such nature that it can not be carried on by private enterprise without the protection of fill concerned which is afforded by an elaborate system of public regulation. ‘‘Being somewhat hi advance of the times, I have an abiding conviction that the sound and sensible way to carry on such business la for the government to assume complete responsibility for it, and that such plan would be preferable to the present system of divided responsibility and dual control. ‘‘lt is my thought that if the same amount of ingenuity were devoted to the subject as has been devoted, for example, to the creation of intricate and largely vicious mazes of holding companies and interlaced subsidiaries, it would be quite possible to evolve a plan of complete governmental responsibility for the transportation service which would retain most of the merits of private initiative. “I am not prepared to say,” Eastman continued, “that this country is ripe for such ideas now, and still less for their execution.” Maybe the country is not ripe for these suggestions, as Eastman says, but certainly it is to the country’s advantage to have among its government officials a man like Eastman who is not afraid to think. More Eastmans in government would lift the curse of bureaucracy. A League of Nations or of Victors? Opposition to the League of Nations has been Justified in the United States chiefly by the isolationist philosophy which contends that we must avoid mixing into affairs of Europe. Such attitude is futile in this age of world communication and already existent interrelationships. But there is another argument which unquestionably does possess some validity. It lies in the charge that thus far the league has been fundamentally a league of victors, concerned chiefly with preserving the system which grew out of the post-war treaties. The vanquished are not on any real parity with their conquerors at Geneva. This point of view was voiced by Count Bethlen of Hungary on the tenth anniversary of his premiership, when he said: “The league has become an organization of the victor states, which can offer neither justice nor peace to the other group of nations which they conquered. It has conceived its task only as being to bring about the hegemony of the victor states. “But cracks and crevices have appeared in this fabric lately and the w-ar mentality has found itself In a cul-de-sac.” If friends of the league desire to raise it in the esteem of fair-minded men, then let them take up Bethlen’s challenge and prove to the world that it has no foundation. Sins of the Fathers “Something has got to be done to help the railroads,” says Pierpont Davis, vice-president of the National City bank, discussing the application of the roads for higher freight rates. Then Mr. Davis proves himself to be a man of keen understanding, with this statement: “The trouble has been that elations between the roads and the public have been handled deplorably.”

Mr. Fixit Wrlto your troubles to Mr. Fixit. He is The Times representative at the city hall and will be clad to present yonr case to the proper city officials. Write him in care of The Times, •igning your full nsme and address. Name will not be pubUshed.

Mr. Fixit—Please see about getting the 2000 block West Ohio street, between Traub avenue and Belmont avenue, oiled as soon as possible. MRS. F. W. Thl street already is on flit for oiling when street oiling is started, probably In June, W. H. Wlnship. street commissftmer, stated. Mr. Fixit—Last spring the city filled the chuckholes on the 1400 block Samoa street with black ashes. Now when the wind blows or a car passes the black dust flies all over the neighborhood. A coat of oil would help this condition. O. H. L. This has been reported to W. H. Winship. street eommissloner. and steps to reUere it will be taken as soon as street oiling Is started lor the season. Mr. Fixit—West Ray street, 1400 block, where the paving ends before reaching the Belt railroad, is so full of holes that motorists are driving on the lawn space and on the sidewalk to avoid the holes. Ray street also is in bad condition from Harding street to Blaine avenue. 6 TAXPAYER. Stroot Commissioner Wilbur H. WlnsUp hu ordered inspection o ftbe street wtth K n rtew of teUeyine. the stflation ae •oon as possible. | Mr. Fixit—l am wondering why fhere has bqen.po Improvement in th* street ear tracks oh'College ave-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-BOWARD MffSPAI'EBI d*! l *J c Pt Sunday) by Tha Indianapolis Tiinaa Publiahln* Cos,, -14-220 Watt Maryland Btrat. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 1 cent*—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. ROY J? HOWARD. FRANK Q. MORRISON. Edltor r resident Butlnesa Manager PHONK— Riley BS3I SATURDAY. 23. 1931, Member of United Pres, Soripn-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprlaa Aasoelation, Newpaper Information Serrlce and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

nue between Fifty-first and North View. Additional street lights would make an improvement, also. NORTH SIDE TAXPAYER. City Engineer A. H. Moore advises that since the space in the traeka never has been payed, it would be up to property owners affected to present a petition to the board of works for this improvement. propert yowpers paying the cost. Once space between the rails has been paved. It is up to the street railway company to maintain the pavement. A blank petition for the improvement may he obtained frem the works board office, city hall. Street light petitions also may be obtained there. Mr. Fixit—Please see if we may have inspection of the alley west of the 700 block Lynn street. We are unable to have regular collection of trash. TIMES READER. Truly Nolen, aanitary board collections superintendent, has promised to inspect this alley. Mr. Fixit—At Congress avenue and Ethel streets there Is an old house that is an eyesore to the neighborhood. Can anything be done about it? Also there is a basketball post in the center of Congress avenue. W. O. C. Investigation of this complaint is being made by W. F. Hurd, city build.ng inspector. Mr. Fixit—There is an empty storeroom at Sixteenth and Sheldon streets from which boys and men are tearing boards. It is disgraceful in appearance. It should be removed entirely. C. G. This eomplalnt has been referred to W. F. Hurd, elty building commissioner, who has promised to tnrestlgste. Mr. Fixit—Last fall there was an old flat tom down in the 1700 block English avenue. This fiat was razed

We well can imagine what was in the mind of Mr. Davis when he said that. Read on: Picture, if you will, the scene in a railway station in a midwest town—almost any town for that matter—thirty years ago: A woman at a ticket window. In her arms a baby that is tired, sticky and cross. “A ticket, please, to Bee Creek Junction.” The ticket agent, a callow youth with drooping eyelids, gazes across the street at a dog engaged in scratching its fleas; at the heat vapor arising from the sidewalk in the yellow afternoon. “A ticket, if you please, to Bee Creek Junction,” the woman repeats. The youth yawns as he pulls from the pigeon hole of a tiny desk a sheet of flimsy paper, fixes his gaze upon it, and reads once more that henceforth reports of the killing of cows must be made on form 4-11-44 instead of upon form 4-11-43. Tliis woman at the window needs to be impressed with the fact that the comings and goings of trains must be taken nonchalantly by men of the world. Who does she think she is talking to, anyhow? The one and only station agent of Billy Goat Hill must have the respect that is due him. He will sell her a ticket when he gets ready. To hell with the public. We imagine that Mr. Davis, being a banker, would put it in a more dignified way, but that is what he means to tell you when he says that: “Public relations between the roads and the public have been handled deplorably.” A little more than a quarter century ago the railroad began to feel that the public-be-damned attitude was costing it something. It was. It has been costing it something ever since. And today some of the opposition that will be displayed to the plea of the railroads for higher freight rates will be on other than economic grounds. It will represent a hangover from the time when the woman with the sticky baby awaited the condescension of the ticket agent of Billy Goat Hill. Within the last few years railway service and railway courtesy have shown a vast improvement. Ticket sellers no longer say to hell with the public. But many who are old enough to have bought tickets back around the turn of the century still remember those old affronts and continue to say: “To hell with the railroads,” whenever a railway issue is raised. Truly, the sins of the fathers are visited upon the children, as the railroad have found out. REASON BY F *l^dis CK 11 RICHARD BARTHOLDT of St. Louis, who long has been a member of one of the forty-eleven organizations dedicated to the bringing about o| the time when all of the lions and lambs all over the world shall lie down together, comes to bat with an old proposal. a a a It is a proposal, drenched with innocence, innocence of an emerald hue. He proposes that the United States stampede the wide, wide world to disarmament by throwing down all of its defensive weapons and exposing its naked chest to the furies of nations. a a a WE sometimes envy philosophers who strut their stuff with such light baggage as Doctor Bartholdt’s. He is bothered neither by history, by logic, by common sense nor anything else; he is in light marching order, so he may travel fax and still be fresh when evening overtakes him. a a a No nation in this world fears us; no nation in this world maintains one soldier, one ship, one airplane because it fears us, but this does not in the least impede the graceful, all-embracing flourish of the doctor’s springtime violet song. a a a FAR from fearing us, these foreign powers which now go, grimting up and down the calendar, bent double beneath a mountain of guns, cannon balls, bombs and poison gas, regard us as being the feebleminded Willfe of the international neighborhood. a a a They do this because at the end of the World war we said we did not want one inch of ground, one single dollar of indemnity, and because long after that we did not even have intestines enough to make European nations pay their honest debts. a a a DR. BARTHOLDT’S plan would not make much of a hit today in the most populous nation of the world, China. That nation has-tried the Bartholdt formula and as a result it has become the pin cushion of the paleface. a a a And yes. we ourselves have tried it. After the Washington naval conference We did not build the ships we were allowed to build, but that did not keep other nations from building up to the very limit. a a a We will disarm man for man and gun for gun with the rest of them, but as for qualifying for a worldwide razzle dazzle by making ourselves utterly helpless, that’s a horse of another color.

and the lumber salvaged. The brick and refuse was left and the property resembles a dumping grounds and is an eyesore to the south side. J. M. A hcslth board officer who investigated reported hi ordered the building torn down, hut that he found nothing Insanitary in the situation. Mr. Fixit—An old house on East Market street between Cruse and Oriental streets has been tom down and the basement never has been filled in, leaving the place full of bricks. A barn was tom down in the rear of the lot, leaving a half basement open, which has garbage, cans and trash in it. AN OLD SUBSCRIBER. This has been investigated by the health board and an order issued to an agent of the owner to clean it up or it would be condemned. He promised to remodel the place, the inspector reported. Mr. Fixit—Would you please cee that tlae yard and alley of the store building on the southeast comer of West Tenth street and North Pershing avenue is cleaned up. Trash is piled in the yard and alley, and even in the street. TIMES READER, An order to remove the trash within ten days has been Issued by a health hoard offtoer. How large are the populations in torrid and the temperate zones? The torrid zone contains 78,229,000 square miles, including the area immediately, north and south of the equator and each of the temperate zones covers an area of 51,121,000 square statute miles. There are no population figures by zones but it is a known ffet that the majority of the world’s population lives In the temperate zone.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Sc ramble f or T rade Grciws Wilder and Markets Shrink and Prices Fall. ENGLAND produces a catapult which will launch a nine-ton bombing plane in three seconds, with a run of only 100 feet. America plays at defending herself against an imaginary foe by mobilizing 672 airplanes at a cost of $3,000,000. Neither country mgkes much headway in overcoming unemployment. Civilization appears to do a much better job at preparing for war , than providing work. m m a Tangle in Wheat RUSSIA is the only country that could agree to an export wheat ; quota and make it stick, but Russia won’t do it, and that’s that. The" rest of the world thus is furnished a good excuse for explaining how and why the London conference is deadlocked. Not that it makes much difference, because the conference was bound to deadlock or adopt some unworkable scheme. The crux of the wheat problem lies in the utter lack of machinery for handling it. a a a More Pipe Dreams SUPPOSING the wheat-producing countries were to agree on the reduction of acreage, how would they enforce it, not only as a group, but individually? By what means, for instance, could the United States guarantee that her wheat farmers w r ould curtail their acreage by 25 per cent? And would the 1 export schemepresent less difficulties? * With five or six million men actually under arms, with 70 per cent more spent for military establishments than in 1913, and with every great nation striving to produce the most devilish devices of death and destruction, this world is in no condition to bet on altruistic pipe dreams. a a a One Despot for Another WHEREVER big business has a strangle hold on some basic commodity, an international pool might be formed for its stabilization. But that would serve only to place consumers more definitely at the mercy of a board of directors, substituting economic for political despotism. Save as gigantic monopolies can be invoked to take arbitrary comped of a few commodities, this international palavering represents little but hot air, and its success in that respect probably would do more harm than good in the end. Wild Trade Scramble WE are moving into an era of ruthless competition when it comes to international trade competition that, has been intensified not only by the desperate state of affairs on every hand, but by the unprecedented meddling of governments. A child should perceive the ridiculousness of attempting to remedy the situation by voluntary agreement as long as the craze for tariffs continues. .Though, every nation js clamoring for others to give up something, none is willing tb take a dose of its own medicine. The scramble for trade grows wilder as markets shrink and prices fall.

We Must Fight rR the time being at least, each nation could do more for Itself, and probably as much for the world at large, by endeavoring to put its own affairs in order. If anything, we’re worse off in America because of the energy wasted and the false hopes raised by foreign powwowing. We’re simply not going to save our wheat farmers by persuading Russia to let up, or our steel business by getting Germany to raise the price, or our South American trade by influencing England and France to lay off. We’re not only going to fight for what we get, as we always have, but we’re going to fight a little harder than usual if we get it We’re going to meet the competition or get licked. Listen to Farrell TT'S all right to be optimistic if A- you don’t take it too seriously. The roseate outlook for steel.* as painted by Charles M. Schwab in his address to the American Iron, and Steel Institute, is vastly more agreeable than the hard-headed opinions offered by Janies A. Farrell No one can look at the latest stock quotations, however, without suspecting that Mr. Farrell is nearer right, or that his advice is sounder - no matter how much it hurts. Farrell says frankly that there has been price cutting and wage cutting on the sly, and that the steel industry can’t hope to recover until it is-stopped. Why should prices go down as production falls, he wants to know if conditions in the steel industry are healthy and if it is putting up tne necessary resistance? Why should the same thing be true in other markets?

mSS£S£^&&S2Si

WAR TAXATION BILL May 23

ON May 23, 1917, the war taxatipn bill, levying about $1 857 - 000.000 annually in direct taxes passed the house of representatives by a 329 to 76 vote. The opposition came entirely from Republicans. Representative Mann the Republican leader, led an unsuccessful attempt to recommit the bilL He contended that the tax levy was too high and that a greater proportion of the expenses of the war should be met by bonds with a gradual imposition of taxes. Five roll-calls were taken before final approval was given to the bill. Mann’s motion to recommit the bill was defeated 246 votes to 161. Some Democrats voted for the motion. The Democratic floor leader, Kitchen, made a fervent appeal for unanimous action.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

O '^ A TRAIN O BAyED A SHROPSHIRE EWE ,To FIVE MALE LAMBS" APR 1.1931 l 0/ "W<s*Cb*^ r\,nn*A Ki # ft tWlc / STPAUL.MINN / by CE Bock. .. f July 21, 1927* WashiNgtoiv CH. OKio c . 7t _! 1 j " '"'" ® 1531. Kin* fnntnre* Sy4tct*. Ine. firent Britain ri*tii reserve*

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Smallpox, Once Dread Malady, Curbed

BY DR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IN 1760, the statistics indicated that about 7 per cent of each generation of mankind was being killed by smallpox, in some epidemics as many as 33 per cent-of the persons affected passed away. In one Scotch town 161 out of every 1,000 children born alive died of smallpox, and there was an epidemic every four or five years. In an epidemic that took place in Boston in 1752, when there was a population of 15,731, 1,843 people left town; 6,035 had had smallpox previously and recovered, and all of the remainder of the population, except 174, had the disease. These figures are extremely striking, in view of the relative freedom from smallpox of the vast majority of our people today. It seems reasonable to believe that proper vaccination of all of the people and proper isolation and control of every case of small-

IT SEEMS TO ME

A YOUNG man came in to interview me the other day. And he was quite irate at one opinion which has been voiced frequently in this column. “I don’t see how you can uphold the life in this city,” he told me. “It drives me almost frantic. I feel spiritually bruised as well as bodily when I get out of the subway. And the constant battering of city noises can’t be good for any human being’s nervous system.” And then he went on to paint the pastoral beauties of the country in such a way that I was „ half persuaded. I admitted that there was much in what he said and added that in a few hours I would be on my way to the farm in Stamford, ready to give frontier life at least one more ’ trial. And when I got there apple trees were blooming, the lake was full to the brim, I caught four bullheads and painted three landscapes, and for the moment this did seem the real life. ‘ ‘ ’ ‘d “ u ‘ " ' Then the Dawn BUT into my early morning dream there came a vision of war and violence.. I was again in the square before the cathedral at Rheims. Only this time the Germans were shooting more frequently. Looking out the farmhouse window I saw a heavy cloud of dust spring from the road with a terrific roar. It was just 7:30. And when I made inquiry I learned for the first time that the

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times After reading Claude Harshbarger's statement in The Times, I wish to state that I think that he is all wet. As far as the saloons in days before the war is concerned, I see more drunks today and more people in need of clothing and food. Prisons are full of men who have been poisoned on this stuff that you call bootleg whisky and would not have committed crimes had they been privileged to go in 1 and buy themselves a drink when they wanted it. As it is, they sneak around and drink it all down at once, which sets them crazy. I also wish to state that the farmer can not sell his grain at a profit since the prohibition law. The farmer comes to town now and takes our work from us at lower wages, because he can not make a living on the farm. You want to realize that to have prosperity you have to produce

On request, sent with* stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

pox would result in stamping out this disease entirely. Unfortunately, there are still people who refuse to be vaccinated and there are still people who devote the largest part of their lives trying to prevent other people from being vaccinated. Vaccination against smallpox merely is the means of giving the person the kind of immunity from disease that results from a previous attack without causing him to undergo all of the tribulations of the disease and the pock-mark-ing of his face associated with it. In the eighteenth century, the unusual person was the one without the scars of smallpox on his face, but today the unusual person is the one •’who carries such scar's. " Smallpox seems to the average man to be merely a disease of the skin with a severe eruption. It is, however, a disease with fever, aches and pains, and not infrequently with severe hemorrhages which may cause death. The figures of the United States public health service indicate that

Hunting Ridge highway was being improved. # Seemingly it will be necessary to turn it up from the bottom. The old glaciers left a heavy contribution of rocks and cliffs to remember them by. And I gravelv *>ar that the building of the newt .. is an all-summer task. Perhaps I can adjust myself to this new schedule of getting up with the gunpowder around dawn. But the vision of a peaceful countryside was shattered with the first blast. Tilings never will be the same upon the Ridge. The ancient road was arduous, but it kept all but the regular inhabitants away. Now, for all I know, we shall have a bus line when the new Appian Way across the hills is complete. The hot dog stands follow the highway, and under the apple trees whl come the booths where you can get soda pop for a nickel. In fact, it is not impossible that soon our section will own a roadhouse—- “ Dew Kum Inn,’’ r suppose. "'b # a Civilization Rushes In AND this rush of civilizing influences fills me with dread. Until now I have been conducting a double life. From Monday until Friday it was my-custom to behave in the manner of a. city butterfly. Each night saw me at some lively resort, turned out in a manner befitting a man about town. But on Fridays I laid the blue suit with the white stripe away in a bottom drawer and put on the brown, which is an outing costume. Leaving the main highway a little

something that people can consume | and they surely can not consume 1 automobiles, the only thing pro-j duced in America today. Modifying the prohibition law surely would put extra men to work. A lot of men right now would like to have work and a lot of farmers would go back to the farm and be contented. I think that any one who lives , in the U. S. A. ought to have the I right to spend his or her money i as he or she pleases. Let every man look after his own faults and he I will have plenty to take care of. N. F. O. When was poisonous gaa first used in warfare? The first recorded use was about : 431 B. C., when sulphur fumes were; employed at the siege of Plateau! and Belgium in the war between the Athenians and the Spartans. Sim-; ilar use of toxic substances are re-! corded during the middle ages.

K*7 KegUterefl 0 S U j l atent Office RIPLEY

about 30,000 people a year develop smallpox in our country. Due to the increased scientific care given to such people, there are only a few hundred deaths from these cases. However, diseases change in their virulence and there are severe outbreaks from time to time in which as many as 20 per cent of those who are not vaccinated and who get the disease die as a result of the attack. Because of the present relative infrequency of smallpox and because of modern methods of scientific control, there are some who think that vaccination might well be abandoned. As long as the disease is among us, however, the way of safety is vaccination. ' A disregard of this measure would result in gradual increase in the number o* cages, an increase in virulence and numerous fatalities. Perhaps the time will Some when the whole world will be sufficiently intelligent to take the necessary steps to stamp out smallpox completely, but that time is not yet.

DV HEYWOOD b Y BROUN

past Bedford, I found myself in a wilderness of birch and maple. One or two early settlers are within sight. But from the bam to the lake lies a land of complete seclusion. If the forces of refinement are about to break through now with their menacing macadam, I shall be obliged to keep up a front the whole week around. The roadhouse is not as yet a definite enterprise, but I fear its coming. For then Saturday night will be very much like Monday. I don’t want to be tempted even by a sort of road company Club Argonaut. b b b Song of the Lark HOW the birds are going to take it I don’t know. Some I could spare. If they can blast the whippoorwill out of his tree just outside my bedroom window, I might consider everything all square. But it is more likely that the raucous-voiced will adapt themselves to the new way of life and the robins and the thrush seek quieter pasturage. However, my main concern is less with wild life than my own. In a year of 365 days the strain of keeping up appearances begins to get a man. Chifely I have valued the farm because I felt tha tthere ought to be one spot In the world where I could lay aside my cane and take the gardenia from my buttonhole. If the bombardment continues, the laborers may raise heavier bodies than glacial rocks. They may succeed in blasting me back to Broadway. I Copyright. 1931. by Ths Tim**)

Are they ringing for you in June? Or any time in the future? Our Washington bureau ha3 prepared for you one of its authoritative and interesting bulletins on Wedding Etiquette.* It covers every point that the bride, the groom, the wedding attendants, the parents and friends of the bride and the bridegroom, want and need to know about the "proper thing’’ for all kinds of weddings. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE - Dept. 126, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin. Wedding Etiquette, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled. United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

Wedding Bells

.MAY 2s, 1981?

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Radio Has Developed From a Marvel Into a Commonplace. THE radio is a good sample of the cycle through which any new invention goes. Today, it is a commonplace. Most people have stopped talking about the • marvel” and the “mystery” of the radio. A majority of people have learned how the radio works. A minority—let us hope it is a very small one—doesn't know how the radio works and. what is more, deosn’t care. Many small children have grown up in homes which, to the extent of their memories, always were equipped with radio. To these children there never can be any marvel or mystery about the radio. It is simply a part of their environment, as normal and as natural as electric lights, automobiles and airplanes—all objects which once upon a time were likewise marvelous and mysterious. The cycle of radio may be summed up as follows: A complex and little understood mathematical theory, a scientific discovery, a laboratory toy, a commercial possibility, a center of public attention, a commonplace. Radio began when James Clerk Maxwell, the British mathematician, announced his electromagnetic theory of light. The public of his day gave the theory the same kind of reception that more recently was accorded to Einstein’s theory of relativity. It was said that his theory was a mathematical puzzle and that only twelve men in the world understood it. St u u The Second Stage HOWEVER, Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist, reasoned that if light consisted of electromagnetic waves, there should be electric means of generating such waves. Hertz brought about the second stage in the cycle of radio. He made the scientific discovery. He succeeded in generating electromagnetic waves which traveled across the laboratory. Hertz used an induction coil to generate an electric potential of sufficient strength to cause an electric spark to leap between two brass knobs. The passage of this spark generated waves which traveled through the laboratory. The waves were called Hertzian waves in honor of Hertz. Radio now passed into the third stage, that of a laboratory toy. Many experimenters worked and played with Hertzian waves. Gradually, improvements were made, both in the method of generating the waves and of detecting them. Experimenters included Sir William Crookes. Sir Oliver Lodge, Professors Branly, Hughes, Varley, Popoff and others. Radio now was ready for the fourth stage. It was ready to be taken out of the laboratory and into the world of commerce. In the history of any device, the man who accomplishes this step has the best chance of seeing his name go down on the rolls of fame. Radio was no exception. The man who made radio practical was rewarded with both fame and wealth. He was Senator Guglielmo Marconi.

B B B The Work of Marconi MARCONI was born in Bologna, Italy, on April 24, 1874. His father was wealthy and wished young Guglielmo to become a musician. From early boyhood, however, he showed an interest only in electricity and so his father decided to let him be a scientist. It was at the University of Bologna that Marconi first heard of Hertzian waves. He immediately started to repeat all the experiments which other scientists had performed. In 1895, he launched into a series of original experiments, setting up a laboratory on his father’s farm. He found it possible to send signals by Hertzian waves over greater and greater distances, finally sending them over a distance of about two miles. In 1896, he went to London to carry on additional experiments. By 1898, he succeeded in sending signals a distance of eighteen miles. In another year, he sent signals a distance of eighty-five miles and just after the turn of the century succeeded in sending them a distance of 196 miles. His great triumph came on Dec. 14, 1901, when he succeeded in transmitting the letter “S” from Poldhu, England, to Nova Scotia. After that, advances in wireless came with rapidity. A great manv experimenters entered the field. The Marconi Wireless and Telegraph Company of America was organized in 1901, and the De Forest Wireless Company of America in 1903. The wireless telephone, followed ; the wireless telegraph. Radio, as a j public amusement, was confined to a rather small number of amateurs i until after the World war, when I radio broadcasting was begun.

Daily Thought

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!—St. Luke 11:44. Hypocrisy is nothing, in fact, but a horrible hopefulness. Victor Hugo.