Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 313, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 May 1931 — Page 4

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Timid Business Leaders Business men constantly complain that politicians are a timorous and muddled lot, unable to handle practical issues in a practical way. Now if we only had business men running the governments of the world, things would be different, they 6ay. Judged by the International Chamber of Commerce convention, Just finished In Washington, and the American Chamber of Commerce meeting two wekes ago in Atlantic City, the business heads of the world have even less to offer in the way of leadership than the politicians. Not even the notoriously vague political party platforms submitted to the people of this country every four years can compete in evasive generalities with the chamber resolutions. The international chamber resolutions seem all the more colorless and futile when contrasted to the vigorous statements of exceptional individual speakers, such as Colonel Hugh Cooper and Melvin A. Traylor of the First National bank of Chicago. The resolution against tariff barriers was one of the weakest ever voted by the international chamber, despite the unchallenged testimony of many speakers that tariffs were among the chief causes of the world depression. The resolution on disarmament was so indefinite that it was useless. In asking “the governments of the world to reduce armaments to the lowest possible limit,’’ the chamber apparently forgot that virtually all governments now argue that their own arms already have been reduced “to the lowest possible limit.” The chamber was very obvious in its refusal to support any definite demand, such, for instance, as the general 25 per cent cut for all nations proposed by the Cecil group in England. Afraid to deal frankly with the war debts and reparations issue, the chamber straddled. It rested with the meaningless statement that the integrity of international obligations “is not inconsistent with an \ impartial examination of the effects of these obliga- ' tions on international trade, if warranted by changed economic conditions.” The chamber apparently does not consider that a world depression and 20,000,000 unemployed constitute a sufficiently changed economic condition to warrant such impartial examination. National budgets should be balanced, but without tax increases, the chamber decided. How this unlikely though desirable miracle can be performed was a matter on which the chamber had no specific ideas. Such an important subject as Russian trade was not touched at all. Why should 1,000 business leaders from thirty-five countries, meeting in the depths of the world’s worst depression, be as lacking in courage and intelligence as their resolutions indicate? President Hoover is to blame, according to the private view of various foreign delegates. They say he intervened to have the American delegation prevent frank resolutions on tariffs, war debts, reparations, Russia and other subjects. They cite the fact that Julius Barnes, head of the American chamber, attacked the tariff in his Atlantic City speech ten days ago; but, after seeing Hoover, he rather painfully recanted in his speech to the international chamber. They say that Silas H. Strawn, head of the American delegation, reversed his position regarding the war debts resolution after a visit to the White House. We do not doubt that Hoover was guilty of political interference. On the other hand, we are sure that European governments likewise brought pressure on the European delegates. But why these supposedly powerful and free business leaders of the world should act as yes-men to the White House and to the European governments is not so easy to understand. Our guess is that the Chambers of Commerce, national and international, will not have much effect on the world economic affairs until they are strong enough to function without the dictation of partisan governments.

On Being a Citizen Justice Oscar R. Luhring of the District of Columbia supreme court has his own conception of what constitutes a good citizen. In an explosive and ungracious manner, Luhring dismissed from the courtroom Alexander Dougal, a Scotch-born minister of the gospel who had applied for citizenship. Dougal \iad met all requirements. He had lived in this country eleven years, and competent witnesses attested to his good character. The minister stated that, in event of war, he would be willing to risk his life at the battle front, administer to the wounded, aid in hospitalization, serve in any non-combatant activity. But he refused to swear to bear arms against the enemy, to kill, and to maim. “To do so,” said the man of God, “ would be contrary to my religious principles.” Luhring denied Dougal’s application because the man announced courageously that he would rest on his own conscience, because he invoked an inalienable right—a right traditionally recognized in this country. Luhring is the same judge who a few weeks ago, In a prohibition case, kicked a man off the jury because he was a member of the Crusaders, an organization devoted to repeal of the Eighteenth amendment. To analyze these two acts in bald terms: If a man has a conscience of his own or a mind of his own, he can not qualify as a good citizen, in the eyes of Mr. Justice Luhring. The Right Place to Disarm Speaking before the Catholic Association for international peace, Professor Maurice S. Sheehy showed unusual insight. He indicated that the place to start disarmament is in the schools rather than dn the navy yards, forts or arsenals. Unless we disarm our minds military and naval disarmament will amount to but little. Professor Sheehy stressed the fact that militaristic education did more than anything else to keep alive the war spirit. He called for the burning of existing text books on history and civics and for 100 world-minded scholars to write new ones: “The greatest need for peace is for 100 good scholars to rewrite the text books, and I might add, a good bonfire to burn the existing text books.” In general, we may agree with him, even as regards this country, though there are already a number of school text books in his field which leave little to be desired in their international outlook, in continental Europe, as Professor Scott has shown, the situation is infinitely worse. What Profsesor Sheehy failed to provide for was some means of securing the adoption of good text books. We might have 100 perfect books, but the politicians and superpatriots who run most of our school boards would not be likely to recommend adoption with enthusiasm.

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPrS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) OwnJ and pnblisbed dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor I resident Business Manager PHONE—Riley .-.531 MONDAY. MAY 11, 1331, Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Serrlee and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Murderous Mines On the one hand are Lindbergh, Admiral Byrd, Bryan Untiedt and other laureled American heroes. On the other there are the toilers in sewers, on scaffolds, in tunnels and on the ske’etons of skyscrapers who are maimed and killed daily, doing the essential Job. Their deeds and deaths are recorded only in the vital statistics. The least sung of these are the men who give their lives mining soft coal that nobody wants. In the first three months of 1931, 403 persons, some of them boys, like Bryan, died in coal mine accidents. Many need not have died. For instance, recently the West Virginia legislature killed a bill to compel the safe timbering of coal mines. Out of the ninety-two West Virginia miners killed in the first three months of this year, fifty-two were crushed to death by falling slate or coal. Because the West Virginia legislators did the bidding of coal mine owners, some 200 miners are due to be killed this year. Perhaps we never will be imaginative enough to make heroes of our workers, as, for instance, Mexico’s great artist, Diego Rivera is doing. But we can take the murder out of industry. The American soft coal industry is a sick industry. Eut even it should not be permitted to make dividends at the cost of human lives. Carol and Alfonso While diphtheria threatens the life of Crown Prince Michael, King Carol seems to be threatening the life of the Rumanian monarchy by his itch for dictatorship. When the king’s hand-picked premier demanded more powers for the crown and broke up parliament street crowds in Bucharest paraded to the angry chant:

“Long live the Spanish republic!” Inside the parliament building, dismissed deputies shouted: "Down with the dictatorship!” But of course neither the demonstrations by parliament nor by the people were taken seriously by the king. He went ahead. Carol has learned nothing from Alfonso. Alfonso also w ? as warned. Because he refused to give an inch, suddenly he was forced to give his entire kingdom. Today a king, and tomorrow ? What will Carol be tomorrow? We suppose that that Canadian baby who was born in an airplane recently forever will be boasting of his descent. The Paris hotel at which Alfonso resided charged him S6OO a day. They looked upon him, apparently, as just another tourist. Many film producers seem to be of the opinion that the talkies have given them the privilege for outspoken drama. If there’s anything in a name, John Drinkwater, the writer, should make a fine propagandist for the prohibitionists. Married couples don’t realize they’re in a tight fix until they move into a modern apartment. A dish-washing contest held in a western city recently was won by men. They cleaned up, as it were. In driving about this summer, you’ll notice that the weenie stands, as usual, will be hot on your trail. Some folks who buy hats for themselves, points out the office sage, usually get something,for nothing. Queen Marie of Rumania is going on the stage. When she goes to New York, she’ll be just another Broadway queen.

A writer asks what is to become of Alfonso’s snappy military uniform. It’s an old Spanish costume, now. Then there’s the fellow who refuses to eat fish for fear of pulling a bone. Then there’s the business-like corn farmer, who refers to his harvest as “stalk-taking.” No, Dorothy, a rum-hound is not a dog used to track down bootleggers. Gangsters who think they’re tough probably are suffering only from hardening of the arteries.

REASON

RECENTLY we spoke of the wrecked lives which lay in the pathway of abused hospitality when forty-second cousins swooped upon their helpless prey, as ruthlessly as the kaiser and his booted cohorts invaded Belgium. But there is one feature of old-fashioned entertainment, the passing of which we deplore, and it was the colorful custom of giving parties back and forth within the circle of your friends in the old home town. Every year there would be a round of suppers. That was before we put on airs and called the evening repast ‘“dinner.” The family with any social contacts to speak of would be invited to feed with friends at least a score of times every winter. o n THEN at regular intervals each family would make a list of its social obligations and throw a supper for all those who had given it a touch of high life. They were real community assets, these gatherings of town friends. a a a Fifty or sixty guests would be taken on at a time, the liquidating family frequently giving two or three of these comprehensive functions in rapid succession, cleaning the slate for several years to come. a a a In making out the lists for different parties, a certain degree of diplomacy was necessary, for while it was not important to see that the local bollie Gann vas seated with precedence, it was vital to see that those who were not on speaking terms were not invited the same night. a a a THE supper table groaned beneath real abundance and we still recall the universal wrath with which those were greeted who sought to pay their social debts by giving receptions at which the guests were handed a microscopic portion and bidden to eat it on their laps. a a a To get back at such slackers, the victimized retaliated with other receptions* and it is likely that the custom of giving real suppers oozed away to utter extinction via the reception route. a a a On such state occasions the kids were carefully coached on their manners, the effort being to regale the visitors with an elegance of appointment and deportment which would curl their bangs. Those were days when we of the younger generation chafed under galling restrictions. %

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Competition Has Its Virtues, Even If It Does Kill Off Some of the Competitors Now and Then. THE International Chamber of Commerce palaver at Washington, from which so much was hoped, winds up with a set of vague, innocuous res o 1 u tions. hatched in compromise and so trimmed as to give the least possible offense. The Hoover administration gets a word of approval for disarmament, tariff skeptics are consoled with a platitude deploring the presence of unnecessary obstacles in the path of trade, and the door is left open for more chatter v regarding war debts and reparations. In other words, a weary, waiting, bewildered world is advised that its greatest industrial leaders have nothing definite to offer at this time. n tt tt World Safe for Sugar WHEN it comes to sugar, our great minds of finance and commerce seem surer of their ground. A five-year contract just has been signed at Brussels by delegates representing 80 per cent of the world sugar trade. Briefly stated, this contract provides far gradual liquidation of the 2,500-000-ton surplus now and for adjustment of production to consumption. First, the 2,500,000-ton surplus will be segregated, and as much of it marketed each year as the traffic will bear. Second, efforts will be made to curtail sugar acreage until the amount produced is about equal to the amount that can be sold. Third, goverments will be asked to enact such laws as are necessary to prevent sugar growers and refiners from spoiling the "program.

Price Boost Invitation 'INHERE can be no' quarrel with X the idea of so realigning the sugar trade that growers and refiners* can make a reasonable profit. Whether this justifies the creation of a world-wide trust, even for five years, is more debatable. If such combine can raise the price of sugar from 1:4 c as at present, to 2c or 214 c, as it expects, why can’t it go right on? What should be of more interest to consumers, is, why won’t it? Who ever heard of a trust or combine refusing to raise prices just as long and just as high as the public would stand for it? If someone doesn’t look out, these “philanthropic” efforts will lead to 15 or 20-cent sugar. tt tt e Pries War Helps COMPETITION has virtue, even if it does kill off some of the competitors now and then. Bread is selling at 31-3 cents a loaf in San Francisco. That may be a little too low, but it’s nearer right than 9 cents a loaf, which was what the boys charged as long as they could hang together, and is what they still would be charging but for a price w T ar. A price war involves'suffering, of course, but it’s soon over, and hurts no more while it lasts than the suffering incident to the racketeering of unrestricted monopoly.

What’s Our Policy? IN a radio address outlining our policy toward Latin-America, Secretary of State Stimson says that the army and navy will not be used to collect debts. Are we to understrand that the army and navy have been used for that purpose? If they have, some of the explanations of why we meddled in the affairs of this or that LatinAmerican country should be revised. Stimson says that the marines will be out of Nicaragua by the end of 1932. A good many people still are wondering why they have been there since 1925. Most people will agree that a revision of our Latin-American policy is desirable. What they do not understand, however, and what they never have understood, is the nature of the policy we have pursued thus far. Asa preliminary, they would like to know exactly what we are revising. • a a a Give'Cop a Chance THE American Law Institute refuses to indorse a proposed statute limiting the right of peace officers to shoot at criminals who flee or fight. George W. Wickersham, institute president, and Newton D. Baker, former secretary of war, were prominent among those opposing the statute. Citing the case of “Two-Gun” Crowley, who killed a Long Island policeman last week, and who was captured after a spectacular siege of his apartment in New York, both declared that “this is no time to tie the hands of peace officers.” “Organized crime is our most serious problem,” said Mr. Baker, “and I do not want criminals to feel that any statutes drawn affecting the right to kill or wound is aimed at the officers.” a a a Get Fit Men IT goes without saying that peace officers should refrain from unnecessary violence. The best .way to insure that, however, would seem to be the peremptory dismissal or punishment of those who misuse their power. We certainly can not surround them with restraints and inhibitions and expect them to do efficient work. The probelem consists in getting fit men, rather than in trying to make over the unfit by a lot of silly rules and regulations. Daily Thought Be strong and courageous, be not afraid or dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude that is with him: for there be more with us than with him.—ll Chronicles 32:7. Troops never would be deficient in courage if they could only know hew deficient in it their enemies were.—Wellington.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Lead Is Dangerous for Workers

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. LEAD continues to be one of the most dangerous of hazards to workers in various trades, particularly painters, notwithstanding the fact that much has been done to educate painters as to the danger of lead and also notwithstanding the fact that manufacturers are doing their best to eliminate the hazard in the process of manufacture. The subcommittee of dangerous occupations of the American Public Health Association has made available the results of the examination of 682 death certif-

IT SEEMS TO ME by ™°

IHAVE decided not to be an auctioneer. The secret of the art is ’way beyond me. I tried last and failed lamentably. It was a sale of paintings byyoung artists suffering from the depression; To be sure, pictures are less than hot cakes even in the most piping times of prosperity. I might have done a little better if the commodity had been Florida lots or Shanghai gestures. Paintings cramped my style. Prospective bidders seem to want such a mass of non-essential information. They must be told: “What's tt supposed to be?” “What’s the name of it?” “Who did it?” and “Is he a good artist?” And I think that two of those queries are properly the business of the purchaser and not of the auctioneer. Who am I to say whether or not an artist is good or bad? Indeed, modern painting being what it is, I’d hate to take the responsibility of giving a bill of particulars with each offering. a a tt No Score Card AS a matter of fact, there is no reason why paintings should have names. Numerals will do as well as anything else for identification. I mean what is the point in titling something “Portrait of a Young Girl in a Green Smock?” Or “Nude With an Alarm Clock?” The painter who confides as much as that in words makes a confession of weakness. It’s like telling the plot of a mystery story in advance. When I buy a picture at an auction,

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—l was especially enthused by The Times attitude on an article which appeared on April 2, 1931, under the headline All the Business You Want. I would appreciate it very much if you would print the following in The Times Readers’ views column. I would like particularly to express myself on the article Are We Growing Old? It seems that the labor department, as a part of our government authorities not only is growing old, but applies 100 per cent monarchists rule to procure long life and defense for the minority element who live at the expense of the majority of the American people, many of whom are starving to death. It seems strange that the American government can not find the proper illumination of the radical development other than the brutal and destructive method known as deportation. If deportation is not applied to the foreign-born reactionary elements, as it is against radical foreign workers, it puts our government in a light where we safely can claim that it is not representing the interest of every foreign or American-born worker. Our government of the twentieth century ignores without shame every bit of our constitutional liberty or freedom to the most essential class, known as producers of American wealth, which is possessed .not by the producer, but by the exploiter. About ten million men are unemployed in the United States. Presuming there is an average of three persons to the family, it involves thirty million men, women and children practically starving to death in the richest country in the world. Although aH these people are starving, our government is devot-

The White Man's Burden

icates from lead poisoning for the period of 1925-1929. According to their figures, 349 of the men who died were painters, 25 were workers with metallic lead, 15 were tin and coppersmiths, 14 metal miners, 11 plumbers, 10 carpenters, 8 paint mixers, and 6 storage battery workers. The figures of the Ohio department of health show the following tabulation of reported cases of lead poisoning in 1929: There were 178 men " who died from lead poisoning, of w-hom 35 were painters and 13 men who worked as painters, polishers, sanders and spray painters in the automobile trades. Lead continues to be a serious

I want to be surprised when I get it home in the light. And suppose an artist does a bridge across a river. Must he say it is “Queensboro” or “Hell Gate” or “George Washington Memorial?” Maybe it’s just a bridge that hasn’t been built and never will. At least, that applies to all I’ve ever done, and “Bridge” is an ample description. Even then some people don’t believe me. Some amateur art critics are so prying and pernickety that, they insist on knowing whether the span should be called Bob or Clarice. Nevertheless, I can’t talk myself out of the fact that I was a rotten bad auctioneer. While I was on the rostrum nothing sold for as much as $lO, with one exception. An early Broun fetched $55.50, which is a record price for paintings of this school. ‘ But this was not precisely an auctioneering triumph in highpressure salesmanship, for only one bid was entered, and that was my own. ' t* tt a Black Magic THERE must be a trick to it, for when I stepped down Leo Meilzinger advanced and the ice jam began to break. My humiliation was completed by the fact that the new auctioneer took the same early Broun and sold it all over again for S6O. And not to me, either. This S6O constitutes an all-time top, even in a period of depression.

ing a lot of time, energy and money to some of the most useless and ridiculous instances I have ever heard of. One of these ridiculous instances was when Hamilton Fish, whose object was to investigate the danger of Communism and radical activity, seemed to be very ignorant in procuring the dangerous facts against the Reds in the United States. It then was necessary for Mr. Fish to calk to his assistance a number of former Russian reactionists. During the entire Fish investigation, our government sanctioned morally and financially every effort to create a lot of propaganda against the American worker. It also dragged in the Russian government as the blame for the unrest, economic condition prevailing in the United States. It is my honest opinion that the government would better quit Supporting a lot of foolishness and commence warning about all our starving people ahd adopt a different policy toward labor. The best way I can see for our government to obtain jobs for the unemployed is to recognize the Russian market. The Russian market means employment to thousands and thousands of people in America. The government of the United States is listening to reactionists who advocate against Russia because it is the only proletarian government. The fact that Russia has a proletarian government seems to worry American capitalists, who have more than enough for themselves. My advice to The Times as a newspaper would be to continue with a more vigorous advocacy against the foolish political methods maintained by our government, and against deportation of radical elements and foreign bom. S. K. BUI^WEISER.

hazard and one that particularly concerns the painter. The dramatic suddenness of deaths reported to have occurred from tera-ethyl lead when the manufacture of this product first was undertaken in connection with development of anti-knock gas focused attention on this hazard. It now is avoided by proper measures both in the manufacture of the product and in its distribution through gas stations. Control of the hazards is relatively simple under such conditions. On the other hand, control of the lead hazard as it occurs in the painting industry is difficult. For this reason, special precautions must be taken by workers with lead paints.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

And so, though I have abandoned any though of turning auctioneer, that old-time itch to be a painter has come back. As the spirited bidding went on till it reached anew Broun high I could not resist doing a little rapid mental arithmetic. Sixty dollars for one Broun means S3OO for five, and that is an easy output for an afternoon. It would be no trouble at all for me to do ten if pressed. That is, since I have discovered that it is perfectly simple to smudge in skies with the thumb and forefinger. Six hundred dollars a day means $3,000 a week, because I would have to take a couple of afternoons off cultivating patrons. The net is a little over $150,000 a year, and I violate no confidence in confessing that as yet journalism has been somewhat less lucrative than that. a a a No Questions Asked TOWARD Mr. Louis Segal, who bought the Broun, I have extremely kindly feelings. He merely asked for a signature and required no detailed explanation of the masterpiece which he acquired. Since he refrained from saying, “What is it supposed to be?” I don’t mind venturing an hypothesis. “If he has by now a natural curiosity I am willing to point out that the white masses, which might be mistaken for a mountain range, really are tall buildings along Fifth avenue. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

Editor Times—l see some preachers are advocating birth control, which I take exception to. The dry hypocrites'were going to empty the jails and penitentiaries, but have failed. Instead, they have caused robbery and murder and filled the jails full to overflowing. Now they come preaching birth control, which our dumb animals do not practice. They want to send the women to hell, I guess. The woman has but one promise, that is child-bearing. God says, “Blessed are they that multiply and replenish the earth.” It seems that this is the speed age, the sport age and the devil’s harvest. Editor Times—The caption is “Volstead Backfire.” The old expression used to be “Tight and dressed up.” Now it’s “Tight and undressed.” AN ORDINARY TAXPAYING LAYMAN, MARRIED. WITH A FAMILY. Do such names as Point Adams and East Aurora have any special significance as the names of Pullman cars? A definite system has been adopted for naming Pullman cars. To a railroad man a “Point” car or an "East” car carries a meaning as to its capacity—the number of sections, compartments, drawing rooms, etc. How is water distilled? By evaporating it by boiling and then liquifying the vapor by cooling. Where in the Bible in the sentence, “God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb?” It is not in the Bible. The earliest known record of its use in literature is in “Premices” by Hfnri Estienne, a French writer, in 1694

MAY 11, 1931

SCIENCE -BY DA VIP DIETZ—-

Lord Rutherford Gave World the Idea That the Atom Is Not a Solid Corpuscle. 'T'ODAY I am going to write A about a most unusual revolutionist, a revolutionist who has been elevated to the peerage of England, a revolutionist who is a trustee of one of the world's most conservative .newspapers, namely the London Times, a revolutionist who is president of England’s oldest, scientific societies. Perhaps I revealed the joker in the deck when I used the word “scientific.” For the man of whom I speak caused a revolution in science. One may bring about a scientific revolution and, unlike other revolutionists, receive a reward from a king. The subject of today's sketch. Lord Rutherford, president of the Royal Society and director of the Cavendish laboratory of the University of Cambridge, is proof of that. Lord Rutherford, until recently Sir Ernest Rutherford, is responsible for the twentieth century idea that the atom is not a solid corpuscle, but a sort of miniature solar system, with electrons revolving around a central nucleus. That revolution in scientific thinking, according to Sir Arthur Eddington, has had as great an influence upon modern science as has the theory of relativity. In fact, Eddington is inclined to think that while relativity has in recent years made a greater appeal to the popular imagination, that Rutherford’s work really was the more startling and upsetting to modern thought. tt a Looks the Part UNLIKE Einstein, Rutherford looks more like a lord than a revolutionist. One look at Einstein’s mass of wild, wavy hair, and his childlike complacent smile, and you are certain that you are in the presence of a most unusual sort of person. No idea he might express, however strange, would surprise you. Lord Rutherford impresses you just the opposite. If you were told that he was the most reactionary member the house of lords boasted, you would be inclined to believe it. (Os course, I am not inferring anything of the sort about his actual political views.) He dresses immaculately, combs his hair perfectly, and boasts a carefully trimmed mustache. His accent is a perfect Cambridge one. I remember seeing him at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Toronto, Canada. The Toronto officials had borrowed for the occasion the visible card index of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This is a huge rack of cards upon which members and their hotels are posted alphabetically so that everybody can find everybody else. A typically American idea! Also a typically unBritish one! I happened to come upon Rutherford looking at the index in amazement. “What in the world is this thing?” he asked me. I explained to him in detail how it functioned. His amazement increased with his understanding of its purpose. “I’m sure I won’t be using it," he said. tt U tt Studied Radium MANY great men, as well as several great women, have played important roles in the development of modern scientific views. It is, therefore, a little difficult to point out Rutherford’s exact place in the story. Rontgen’s discovery of X-rays led to Becquerel’s discovery of radioactivity. This in turn led to the discovery of radium by Pierre and Marie Curie. It is at this point that Rutherford, who had been a pupil of the great Sir J. J. Thomson, entered the plot. Rutherford analyzed the rays from radium and proved that they consisted of three kinds of alpha, beta and gamma. He proved that the alpha rays were electrified atoms of helium, that the beta rays were electrons, and the gamma rays true radiaions. Next, Rutherford, by using the alpha rays of radium to bombard other substances, made important discoveries about the structure of atoms. He demonstrated that each atom possessed a small but heavy nucleus, thus paving the way for the Bohr theory of the atom. Incidentally, both Dr. Neils Eohr and Henry Moseley were students of Rutherford’s at Cambridge.

RICOAVh& THCPROMISE TO JEWS May 11 ON May 11, 1917, a deputation from the Rumanian Jews in Jassy called on King Ferdinand to present to him the assurance of their loyalty. They took this action because of rumors which connected them with pro-German intrigue. King Ferdinand told the deputation in reply: “After having been long in close touch with the daily life of all classes of people in the country, I formed the conviction—and I am pleased to bear testimony to the fact in the present circumstances that I was not mistaken—that all inhabitants of Rumanian soil, irrespective of differences of origin, .of race, or of religion, were actuated by the same exalted ideas of fraternity. “All who have striven for the realization of the aspirations which Rumanians have entertained for so many ages, by shedding their blood, by enduring the difficulties of and sacrifices imposed by the war and invasion, whether they are Christians or Jews or adherents of any other form of belief, equally will have a right to the gratitude I of the country and to that of the I king, and will enjoy equal rights in j a free, great, and flourishing i Rumania, closely united, all of us, I under the folds of the national w j