Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 312, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 May 1931 — Page 4

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A Cure for Communism Talking to a group of American leaders in this city, Jay E. White, mentioned as a possibility for state commander, sounded anew and refreshing note. In the fight of the legion against communism, White suggested that it was more important to change the conditions which breed communistic force than to put soap box agitators into jail. That there is danger from communism he asserted and had the evidence to support it. But in calling attention to recent handbills for “hunger marches” he said: “The truth is that the statements these leaders make are all true. That shows intelligent leadership at deast. It means that we must meet the danger with something besides force.” % Two of the conditions which prepare the Roil for seed of communistic thought, White said, are the unemployment situation and the uncurbed greed of loan sharks. The legalized activities of the latter, he said, were responsible for misery and desperation. The unemployment situation is intolerable, and must be solved in an American way by American methods. The legion, he believed, would furnish the patriotic leadership to make this country safe for American traditions of liberty by creating soil for American and not Russian doctrines. To the professional paytrioteer who urges force and suppression, this frank appeal may have a strange sound. To the thinking person, it will commend itself. A cure for communism is work at wages which will support an American standard of living. It is, at least, the best cure. With the legion leading the way to better social conditions and not depending on the use of force, all that these men fought for in the World war will be more safe. We Play War Many Americans are mystified as to the administration's purpose in holding this month the largest military air maneuvers ever staged anywhere at any time. The President just has been making speeches on the necessity of international good will and confidence. Does he think that these provocative war games and bombing raids will make our love and trust us more? Does he think this militaristic splurge will help convince the rest of the world of our sincerity In signing the Kellogg treaty, “renouncing war as an instrument of national policy” —an anti-war pledge which he repeated this week to the International Chamber of Commerce? The President just has been making speeches on the necessity of reducing preparedness costs, which threaten another armament race and another war. Does he think that this mammoth mobilization, estimated to cost $3,000,000 and probably much more, will reduce military expenses? The President laments the billion-dollar annual deficit which faces the government next month, a staggering and unprecedented deficit, larger than our total regular annual expenses before the war. Does he think the money burned up in this military gesture will help balance the budget? The President has blocked federal aid to the 6,000,000 unemployed, despite the fact that state and municipal funds which have provided 72 per cent of the relief now are, in the main, exhausted. What will the 6,000,000 unemployed and their dependents think of a government which, when they ask for bread, give them a war show? We can understand that, as long as the country has an army air corps, it must be trained and its training paid for. Such training and such expense is going on daily throughout the year at sundry army air fields, without any propaganda stunts. But we can not understand why. at a critical time In world peace and in disarmament negotiations, and at a desperate time of unemployment and starvation. President Hoover chooses to sanction the largest war air maneuvers on record. Even if war propaganda is not the purpose, that will be the sincere interpretation of neighboring nations and of many Americans. And that in itself is enough, in our Judgment, to condemn these war games. Scientific Economy in Prison Architecture What would we think of an architect of a zoo who designed a cage for a gazelle of as great strength as a cage for a lion or a grizzly bear? This is just how sensible and economical our prison architecture has been. The enormous waste involved in building fortress prisons to house all types of convicts is well described by Dr. F. Lovell Blxby in an article in the news bulletin of the National Society of Penal In- ' formation on “Classification and Prison Buildings.” Dr. Bixby points out that it costs about $5,000 a cell to build one of our conventional prisons or reformatories. He shows from classification statistics that only one-third of our convicts need these maximum security cells. Two-thirds could be housed in minimum security prisons which can be built for *I.OOO a convict. This means a saving of $4,000 on each inmate. There are approximately 100,000 convicts in our prisons and reformatories today. This means that if we wre to build new and decent plants to house convicts, we could save more than a quarter of a billion dollars through following the dictates of convict classification in planning our new structures. Still further, the new minimum security prisons would advance reformation through introduction of more encouraging and stimulating physical surroundings. We hope these ideas may permeate state legislatures and prison commissions before more of the concrete and steel white elephants are constructed, to the detriment of taxpayer and criminal alike. Albert Michelson Dr. Michelson is reported near death. He is the grand old man of American science. When asked why he measured and remeasured the velocity of light, he answered, "because it is so much fun.” As the first American scientist to be awarded the Nobel prize, as the recipient of nearly every honor Ythat colud be heaped upon his erect, spare Moulders,

The Indianapolis Times <▲ SCRIFPB-HOWAKD NEWSPAPERS Owned snd publiahed dally (except Sunday) by The ladlanapolia Time* Publishing Cos., 214-220 WMt Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marlon County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 2 cent*—dellrered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK O. MORRISON. Editor President Buolneaa Manager PHONE—Riley BS-11 SATURDAY, MAY 9, I*3l. Member of United Pres*. Scrlpns-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Dr. Albert Abraham Michelson has exrcised a kindly influence on the progress of American science. He has spanned in his lifetime the scientific revolution. He traveled the western prairies before the railroads came. He devloped that valuable instrument for precise measurement, the interferometer, at just the time when the linotype was invented and Wagner wrote Parsifal. Yet he perfermed the experiment upon which Einstein based hia theories of relativity and he was the honored collaborator and teacher of Einstein this year when that great physicist visited Pasadena. Age did not dim his enthusiasm and energy for research. In the last few months he has made the most critical and careful determination of the velocity of light yet attempted. Visitors to the Mt. Wilson observatory in California, where Dr. Michelson has worked and rested in recent years, often saw an artist at work with brush and easel. Few realized he was Michelson, the great physicist. He also was a violinist of skill. His department of physics at the University of Chicago won a place in science beside that of older European and American institutions. Knowing how himself, he seems to have been able to teach others to win Nobel*prizes and other honors. In that standard directory of the scientific world, American Men of Science, Dr. Michelson’s biography is long with honors and societies, but hio own description of his research projects consists of only one word: "Light.” And that is a symbolic description of his career. Mothers Alive This year anew note may not be amiss in the celebration of Mother's day. For fourteen years we have stressed the beauty and sacredness of motherhood, while overlooking the fact that ihe death rate of mothers in childbirth is higher in the United States than in any other part of the civilized world. A sentimental gesture is so much easier than straight thinking about an unpleasant fact. But to the tens of thousands of women who will become mothers this year, the white carnation in Maytime remembrance of dead mothers may seem a grim question mark. In the United States the maternity death rate is 6.5 to 1,000 live births. In England the rate is 4.1. In Italy it is 2.6. In Uruguay It is 2.2. In parts of the United States, the rate is much worse—Louisiana, for instance, with a rate of 11.4 for every 1,000 live births, and other southern states with figures almost as high. In this civilized nation, mothers are still bringing bajpies into the world with only the aid of ancient charms, mustard seed scattered on the doorstep, and hornets’ nests hung in the comer. And thousands of women who scorn superstitions lo not have adequate prenatal cai* and face death as a result. The Maternity Center Association of New York, fighting this condition, has demonstrated that 10,000 of the 16,000 women who die each year in childbirth could be saved. With the indorsement of the United States public health service and the children’s bureau, they suggest that oth#r communities also might keep mothers alive. That should, be the spirit of Mother’s day. Co-eds at a western university are reporting for the men’s track team. Probably they’re a little confused as to the meaning of going around on laps. When a young man’s fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love, “lightly” has no bearing on the expense involved. Then there’s the telegram messenger who considers himself a “wiry” young man, 1 All heavy eaters, points out the office sage, have to reckon some day with expanse accounts. The man who blows his own horn, says the office age, is the only one who thinks he's tootin’ right. What sort of a Mother's day tribute does old Mother Earth get this year? Alfonso is somewhat of a polo player, but gone are the days when he can say, “My kingdom for a horse.”

REASON

THE other day we read the lamentation of a gentleman in the seventies over the departure of old-fashioned hospitality, but like everything else, its imperfections are hidden by the years and “distance lends enchantment." tt a m It was a fine thing in a way, that open-handed welcome but it took a terrific toll from the women folks, w’ho were forced to slave in the commissary department while the men sat on the pqrch or out under the apple trees and swapped reminiscences and chewed their tobacco fine, • it tt a THERE were no gas or electric cooking stoves in those days and it was necessary to accumulate a blistering temperature in the kitchen in order to prepare things for visiting palates, and after you were a perspiring rag it was small compensation to'* have them hang tributes on your biscuits and pies, m tt tt The men never weijs able to get the feminine attitude toward the invasions of relatives, but had they been forced to cook one meal in the torrid periods of July the whole bunch of invaders would have been given their passports. a a u LOOKING backward to the impositions visited upon the mothers and older sisters of those days, one feels a hot sense of guilt walk up his spine, wearing hob-nailed boots, and it seems inexplicable that the men did not defend them. m We still can see the baked countenances of our folks as they gazed into the inferno of the summer oven, then wiped their dripping brows on their aprons all for the joy of guests who came uninvited and frequently from such a distance as prevented the possibility of getting back at them. u tt u We have a hectic recollection of one bunch in particular which operated from the secure remoteness of Pennsylvania and what this particular corps of consumers could do to a smokehouse full of hams was too sanguinary to report. a tt IF we could just collect from the descendants of those devouring hosts the price of the provender with which we lined their voracious vacancy, together with compound interest we could pay the national iebt and have enough to stabilize Germany. a a tt And so we are glad that the daughters of the longsuffering ladies of yester year have issued a belated declaration of independence and ended the pitiless devastation which used to run amujk during dog days, under the euphonious misnomer “hospitality,”

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Politeness Ceases to Bea Virtue When It Becomes a Smoke Screen. * _____ POLITENESS has about spoiled the international powwow now going on at Washington. German delegates would like to have discussed reparations at greater length British delegates would like to have discussed war debts, American delegates would like to have discussed the armament problem, and practically all delegates would like to have discussed Russia. All hesitated, however, for fear of wounding one another’s feelings. When they get home they will foregather with their friends and associates and tell what might have been said, what could have been said, and what should have been said. Instead of clarifying the situation such method of procedure only adds to the general grouch. The world can not hope to make much progress solving the problems at hand until it learns to be frank. Politeness ceases to be a virtue when it becomes a smoke screen. nun Salesmanship Counts VAGUE and hesitant as its general program may have been, the international conference has led to certain side remarks which were rather interesting. While discussing trade with special reference to advertising, Lord Luke cf Pavenham told how American oatmeal has replaced the traditional British porridge as a breakfast food. Whether this has any bearing on the international tangle, it shows what billboards, direct by mail and full page displays can do. Business, whether at the forks of the creeks, or overseas, still is largely a matter of salesmanship and advertising. mom Barred by Age IS a captain too old for active service at 75? A British court of admiralty says no. Being 76 himself, the judge who delivered the opinion may have been prejudiced, but let that pass. In this era of the clocks and efficiency experts, age plays an important part. Modern industry looks askance at men more than 50 in the ranks. Those at the top have been more fortunate, but even they now are coming under the ban. Imitating the government, big business is grownig more and more inclined to retire its generals and commanders at 65. Sounds rather strange when we think of such men as Gladstone, Bismarck, Clemenceau and Von Hindenburg. who shouldered some oftheir biggest burdens and enjoyed some of their greatest triumphs after 65. tt tt Xt ‘Breaks' to Criminal IT takes 200 New York police more than an hour to overwhelm and capture the pasty-faced rat known as “Two-Gun” Crowley, who killed a Long Island policeman the other day. At that, the New York police did excellent work, not only in finding him so quickly, but taking him with so little damage or destruction. The incident is worth more than a passing thought. It conveys a vivid idea of what the problem of ridding this country of racketeers involves. Most people think that one peace officer can handle one criminal under any circumstances, and at any time, but that is not so. The criminal always has the advantage. a tt m Speaking of Horses FINED $lO for beating his balky nag, and claiming to have only five on hand, Isidore Eable, a Brooklyn peddler, tried to raise the other five by offering the nag for sale in court. There being no takers, he instituted a more thorough search of his jeans, which resulted in discovery of an additional $4.97. Kind-hearted spectators supplied him with the needed 3 cents, whereupon he departed with his nag. rejoicing. A good time was had by aIL tt m tt Learn From Ancients AN international commission representing the League of Nations will study the ancient remedies of China. It's a good idea. Either medicine is of no very great importance, or the ancients knew a great deal about it. At all events, they were able to get by, in spite of their ignorance of certain fads by which we set such store. Not only that, but the recently discovered cure for leprosy goes back to a drug which the Chinese claimed would do the trick 2,000 years ago. In surgery, which is largely mechanical, we have eclipsed anything the ancients could do, but regarding knowledge of the physiological effect of herbs and minerals, it's doubtful if we have made much improvement. tt tt St A Temperate King THE King of Abyssinia comes out for temperance, if not for prohibition. The semi-official newspaper, printed on his own private press, berates grog-shop keepers for selling the stuff, musicians for drumming up patronage, and youth for falling an easy prey. Making due allowance for local 1 conditions, racial traits, and idio- : matic expressions, the article containing his majesty’s view sounds very much like the temperance lit- i erature put out in this country two; generations ago. — How many Jews are there in the world, in the United States, and in New York? According to David Trietsch, a German-Jewish statistician, there are 18.080,000 Jews in the world; 4,400,000 in the United States, and 2.000,000 in New" York.

Daily Thought

Six days shall work be done. — Exodus 35:2. It is our actual work that determines our value.—George Bancroft.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

BALL that COULD SIT in A CHAIR.CARAIVA/(CK.cago (hhileSox) EVER PtTCHtp CROSS HIS LEGS -- AN j> , m PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL RESULTED IN ATRiW.E PLAY ! n HAVE BOTH FEET OM THE FLOOR, — ■ ■—— -fito .

Following is the explanation of Ripley’s “Believe it or Not” which appeared in Friday’s Times: Professor Mathurin Veyssiere de la Croze (1561-1730) of France, famous for his profound erudition and extraordinary memory, recited the entire “Divine Comedy.” by Dante, (75,000 words) in twenty hours, all from memory. This prodigal feat was accomplished in the presence of the elector of Brandenburg in Berlin in 1698. Professor de la Croze was the li-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Water of Vital Importance to Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. * A PERSON can go, without food for many days, living on the reserve in his body. He can not go long without water, because water is second only to oxygen, which is the main substance secured by respiration. As an essential substance in human economy, water is the universal solvent. Asa constituent of the blood, it carries nutritive substances to the cells, it carries away waste products and aids their elimination through the kidney and the bowels. None of the chemical changes that take place in the cells could take place without water. When water is taken into the body by the mouth, it passes through the stomach and is absorbed largely in the small and large intestines. It leaves the body by way of the kidneys primarily, but also through the lungs, the skin and the bowels.

IT SEEMS TO ME

IN recent years the word “agitator” almost always is used as a term of reproach. In fact, the imagination supplies the prefix “red.” And yet the most casual survey must show that all causes—conservative or otherwise —have been furthered by agitation. The chief complaint leveled against the agitator is that he takes people who are content with their lot and makes them dissatisfied. This is the charge hurled against labor leaders who organize strikes in districts where unionlzatoin was not heard of before. And the manufacturers like to say, as in the case of Gastonia, that everybody was peaceful and happy before the agitators came. It may be true that even in certain industries where pay is low and living conditions severe, a bovinity can exist until some outsider calls attention to the rigors and injustices of the situation. But this process of rousing men and women to a thought of something better, or at least different, most certainly is not confined to radicals. Many wholly conservative people subscribe large sums of money for foreign missions, j an n As Natives Sees it NOW, obviously, the missionary always is an agitator. He may go to a South Sea island, where trousers are quite unknown, and stir the savages into putting on garments by making them ashamed of their previous lack of attire. You may say that this is a harmful and busybody sort of proceeding. In the case of the South Sea missionary I agree, but my point is that the theory of “let well enough alone” has been violated constantly by many who hold the admiration of the conservative community. Take the case of Woodrow Wilson. When he returned from Paris and began to preach his theory that salvation from international disturbances lay in the League of Nations, he qualified as an agitator. I happened to be in favor of the agitation which he conducted. Nevertheless, it would be foolish to deny that he wej# into communities and endeavored place in the heart*

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

brarian of the elector, and eventually obtained a professorial chair at the University of Helmstaedt. Ellery Walter—During a period of three years, Ellery Walter, lecturer and author, compltely circled the globe, made many trips between the United States and Europe, and traveled extensively around the United States. Asa result of blood-poisoning, Walter has undergone twenty-four operations, resulting in the loss of one leg, but he has traveled a total of 180,000 miles, always alone. He

Water is not important in the nutrition of the body, except as it concerns the handling of other substances. The amount of water taken in is fairly well balanced with the amount of water that passes out. There is at the same time a definite reserve of water constantly in the body. When large amounts of water are taken, the output increases. If for some reason the output increases and the intake decreases, dehydration rapidly occurs. Two investigators analyzed water intake and output with a view to balancing the ledger. They found that the water Intake includes about 300 grams taken in the form of drinking water, 580 taken as coffee, milk or soup, and 720 In the for mos water from solid foods. By means of oxidation of protein, fat and carbohydrate, an additional 394 grams is supplied, making a total of 1,894 grams af water intake. The output includes 750 grams by way of the kidneys, 300 by the bowels and 700 vaporized through the skin and by breathing. This

of men a dissatisfied feeling about foreign relations which had not been there before. These communities were content with the old order of national rivalries, or, rather, they gave small heed to them. tt tt tt Should Remind Him AND so I deny that it is an intrusion to tell a socially maimed or wounded person that he labors under a disability. A striking case was much reported in the instance of a young man who had been blind from birth. The anti-agitation school, in ail logic, should have been against the opration which gave him sight. Never having seen the he could not have worried about it a great deal. And yet it was within his due that a window into the world should be opened up for him.

CAPTURE OF FRESNOY May 9

ON May 9, 1917, the Germans recaptured Fresnoy at the height of the battle of Arras. Philip Gibbs, war correspondent, describes the capture as follows: “Upon this village (Fresnoy) and the neighboring ground the enemy concentrated everything he has in artillery which can be directed on this sector of the front and in addition to the ordinary high explosives and shrapnel, he flung a storm of gas shells wherever he thought the British had battery positions. “Fresnoy itself had been a difficult place to hold since the Canadians took it so gallantly on May 3. . . “The enemy had marked it down for attack, and for several days, made strong counter thrusts on each side of it to prevent British troops getting forward to straighten out the line. “English troops had to bear the brunt of the German concentrated fury.” * ,

1-c \T Registered 0 S. U \ Patent Office RIPLEY

is the author of “The World on One Leg.” G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1929. a m u The Horseshoe Crab Is a Spider —The horseshoe crab (xiphosura) is allied more closely to the spider (arachnida) than to any other species. It has the characteristic structure (appendages, book gills, attached to broad abdominal legs, etc.) which qualify it in that class, having no affinity to the crutacea. Monday—“A Ripley Favorite.”

would leave a water balance in the body of 144 grams. Foodstuffs vary in the amount of water they contain. Cucftmber, tomato or watermelon will run high in water content, as much, indeed, as 90 to 95 per cent. There are, of course, conditions in which the major part of the water is not lost by the kidneys, but through the skin. A normal output of fluid from the kidney may vary from a pint to three quarts a day. The moment the water supply is reduced too greatly, unfavorable reactions appear. It is of the greatest importance to realize that unconscious patients do not get enough water, and that absence is followed by great distress. In such cases a sufficient supply of water is of more importance than food and medicine. A sick person confined to bed will ordinarily not take enough water. It is important to have fluid constantly at the bedside in the ordinary case of illness, particularly when there is fever, and to see to it that enough fluid is taken to supply the demand.

„ v HEYWOOD BY BROUN

In somewhat similar fashion it seems to me an excellent thing that men should take occasion to tell workers in backward communities that sls a week is a pitiful wage, even if it is the rate to which they have become accustomed, tt a tt Honoring an Agitator AND no one would deny the reasonableness of fastening the title of agitator to William Lloyd Garrison. In fact, in his case the epithet constantly was employed by the slaveholders of the south. It was their argument that Negroes who had never known a dream of freedom merely were rendered restless by the strong words of the man in Boston. And restless they did become as the tingle of the abolition move-1 ment began to prick against dead j nerve centers. Few would insist now that the j fruition of a dream should have; been denied forever to these men. even if the vision was carried to' them by an outsider. The agitator in all fields of human endeavor is the person who insists, sometimes with violence, that the world as it stands is not good enough. This insistence partakes of a very necessary quality of life. Contented organisms already have felt the touch of degeneration. In man or beast or microbe, life consists of the desire to push out wider borders, to grow and move and explore domains which have been barricaded. Posterity has picked practically all its heroes from the agitators. They are the saints and the holy men of our religions. And since the process of honoring the despised and the criticised has become so universal, we might sharpen our wits enough to refrain from hasty condemnation of all who would shake us out of lethargy. They may be disturbing. They may be a nuisance, but they are the corpuscles of the corporate being through which the waste and the stagnation of the status quo is turned Into living tissue. iOovnlatiA, IMU tar Tt* Tuami

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

.MAY 9, 1931

SCIENCE -BY DA VIP DIETZ—-

The Scientific World Tod a# Needs Ambassadors mui Statesmen. ONLY a diplomat could look as distinguished in a full-dress ] suit as does Dr. Daniel T. Mac* I Dougal, one of America’s most famous bontanists. Therefore, if you conclude that Dr. MacDougal must be a diplomat, your logic, in this case at any rate, will be correct. He is one of the diplomats of science. The scientific world today had its need of ambassadors and statesmen. There was a day when a scienlist hid himself away in a garrett and worked away at the particular subjest that interested him. But that day is gone forever. Scientific research today is carried on by great institutions, universities, foundations, endowed laboratories and the like. Many problems are carried on jointly by a half-dozen laboratories scattered over a half dozen states. There are international organizations of scientists, national organizations and state academies. There are co-ordinating committees and directing committees and co-operating committees. So you see there is a need for scientific statesmanship. Dr. MacDougal has for many years been one of the leaders in scientific statesmanship as well as in scientific research. As the general secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science he performed invaluable services in extending the bonds of understanding between the scientist and the public. a b a Tree Studies | MACDOUGAL is of medium j A-/ height and rather heavy build. : A neatly trimmed beard adds to his look of distinction. He was bom in Liberty, Ind., on March 16, 1865. He was educated at the universities of De Pauw, Purdue, Tubingen and Leipzig. From 1889 until 1904 he was di- ! rector of the laboratories of the New | York botanical garden. From 1904 i to 1905 he was assistant director of j the gardens. In 1905 he left New York to join I the Carnegie institution of WashI ington and became director of its laboratories of plant physiology. That meant he was to spend the major part of his time at the Desert laboratory in Tucson, Ariz. But his presence was still desired frequently in the east and as a result, he has averaged three trips a year from Arizona to the east and back again from that day to this. Dr. MacDougal has been one of the leaders In the development of plant physiology. The plant physiologist studies a plant as a growing, functioning organism. Dr. MacDougal is the inventor of an apparatus known as the dendrograph. Essentially, it is an expanding ring connected to a recording drum. The ring goes around the trunk of a tree, or around a cactus or other large plant. Its contractions or expansions are registered as a graph on the revolving drum. Thus it is possible to keep a complete record of the growth of the plant and its reactions to change in temperature, humidity and so forth. MUM Artificial Cell A FEW years ago, Dr. MacDougal got his name in the headlines of a lot of newspapers by the invention of what he called “the artificial cell.” A lot of newspapers said that he was trying to create life. Dr. M cDougal smiled about that. It didn’t make him as mad as It would have made some scientists. “I was just a bit uncautious in naming it,” he says with a smile. “I should have known w r hen I called it the artificial cell that I was letting myself in for trouble. I should have called it a ‘cell model’ or some such name.” What Dr. MacDougal did was to make a thimble of cellulose and line it with gelatin. He then placed a solution of sugar in the center. The result was a large-scale model of a plant cell, the cellulose thimble corresponding to the cell wall, the gelatin to the lining or sytoplasm of the cell and the sugar solution to the sap. The artificial cell did a number of things which live cells do. For example, It absorbed various salt solutions at the same rate which live cells do. This was an important discovery because it proved that the fact that living cells are alive has no particular effect upon the way they absorb salts. The absorption is merely in response to certain well-known chemical laws. Dr. MacDougal has also made many studies of the way in which plants absorb water through their roots. He has also spent much time studying photosynthesis, the process by which plants manufacture their sugar and starches from water and the carbon dioxide of the air.

Questions and Answers

Editor Times—l have been reading of the charges brought against Coroner Fred W. Vehling. I almost wonder who It Is that Vehling didn’t “kick in” to. Whose fur has he rubbed the wrong way who has resolved that he get some unpopular notoriety. Possibly he is overstepping his authority as coroner. Possibly his actions need bearing into. But can he control destiny? Can he stop tfre flow of violent and casual deaths that have been so heavy during the last few months, which naturally have made such inroads on the reserve expenditure, and claim fee funds? Let us see this thing cleaned up. On the other hand, don’t eye some disputed pennies and at the same time let thousands of dollars slip out the back door from other countv departments. I do, as surely most thousands of Times readers, appreciate its actions in delving Into any deal that has the public’s money involved ana seems shady or investigation warranted. Bring out the findings against Vehling, and see, as I know you will, that, if he io above board that It is acknowledged. A