Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 310, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 May 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

SttIPPJ-HOWAAD

War in the Mountains What’s to be done about the business and industrial situation? In an American temple of business the beautiful marble home of the United States Chamber of Commerce. which faces the White House across a green and flowery park, the answer is being sought this week by some hundreds of business leaders from twenty-six countries. The question, in many of its phases, is being discussed in a spacious convention hall and about comfortable lunch and dinner tables. In the mountains of Kentucky It also Is being debated—or, at least, one localized aspect of the question. But the debate among the mountaineers ia taking a different form. Machine guns, shotguns and squirrel rifles are the spokesmen. And whereas in Washington the talk largely concerns trade balances, gold reserves and the like, the talk in the mountains is chiefly about hunger and starvation. It Is hard to forecast what may result from either of these debates. Os the one the public may say, "Just some more talk’’; of the other, "Just another fight.” Yet it seems this should not be so. It wouldn’t be so if the world can pay for all the things it can produce. That appears to be generally agreed. If there’s, an exception it would be the coal industry; many believe" we have passed through the age of coal and that vast deposits still held by the earth never will be used. Yet, we believe, it is a fact that mass consumption can be brought up to the possibilities of mass production, even in the case of coal. That is to say, we believe it is possible to pay the producers of the world sufficient to enable them to buy all the useful things that are produced. That is the problem which world business and American business have to face. It will not be solved by accident Accident may give America another temporary period of good times; accident may do the same for Czecho-Slovakia, or any other country; it may do it for one country at the expense of another. There won’t, however, be anything resembling world prosperity until the mass of workers in all countries are receiving pay that will enable them to buy a reasonable part of the things they grow or manufacture. While business men think only of immediate profits, no scheme to insure permanent prosperity can be worked out for any country. While nations think only of national advantage—meaning national profits —no scheme of permanent prosperity can be worked out. for the world. The Big Shot When we talk glibly of dictators we usually think of Mussolini and Stalin—unless we name some of the lesser ones, like Pilsudski, Alexander, Horthy or Machado. But even Mussolini and §talin are pikers compared with Mustaha Kemal Pasha. Mustapha Kemal on Monday was elected president of the Turkish republic for the third time. More remarkable, he was re-elected without a single dissenting vote. It may be surmised from this that the parliament which did the voting is under the control of Kemal in an absolute sense rarely duplicated anywhere at any time in any elective body. Mussolini and Stalin are dictators by the power of parties; Mussolini speaks for Fascism, Stalin for Communism. But Kemal is dictator in his own right. He is his own party; he is his own government. That is understandable. The Turkish republic is his. He made it. More than that, he made modern Turkey. He changed the habits, laws, alphabet, dress, customs of the Turkish people. He is the Ghazi, "the Unconquered.” Enemies from without or from within have not prevailed against him. When Turkey was prostrate and dismembered, the allies in Constantinople and the Greeks in Smyrna, he freed his country. Then he abolished the caliphate, the Moslem dictatorship. Then he abolished the fez. Then he abolished polygamy. And he went on abolishing the old and building the new, until he had a nation to suit himself. In all Turkey there was only one person mere modern than he, and only one thing he could not conquer. That was the beautiful Latife Hanourn. She was his wife. So he had parliament, give him the power of divorce. And he used it on Latife Hanoum. As far as any one can see, Mustapha Kemal Pasha is going to remain in the dictatorship business a long time. An Unsportsmanlike Habit In the current number of the Atlantic Monthly, the following statement is made in connection with a review of William Croffut’s "An American Procession" "Since the author crossed Charon's ferry sonic years since, one need not hesitate to note that his pages bubble with innocent self-satisfaction; he is pleased perpetually with his own accomplishments, and vastly and engagingly interested in the amazing company in which he passes his active days.” The direct implication here is that it is proper to make critical statements regarding an author onlyafter he is dead. This is precisely the conventional attitude of American historians and scholars. They will flay unmercifully some poor chonicler who long has been. dead. But not a word can be said about some flagrantly dishonest or prejudiced writer who still lingers this side the grave, particularly if he belongs to the respectable majority camp. That truly great work, the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, even goes so far as to exclude from its pages biographies of all living scholars. This attitude seems to be a complete negation ol both logic and good sportsmanship. If we have anything to say in criticism of a man, let us say it while he is alive and can reply. Further, criticism of the living gives them the benefit of knowing what others think of them, and allows them to take advantage of such information in the future improvement of their material A State Complains One naturally would expect the Hoover-Dcak plan for reorganizing the federal employment sendee to find favor in Virginia, if anywhere. Virginia not only is Secretary Desk's home state, but it is one of that group to which preservation of state’s rights is most dear. Having departed from the Democratic loyalties of years to give Herbert Hoover its electoral vote, It hardly can be accused of undue bias toward A1 Smith’s friend. Senator Robert F Wagner, and his employment agency bill. Yet Virginia’s commissioner of labor and industryis complaining bitterly of the Hoover-Doak program “In vetoing the Wagner employment service bill, the President and Secretary Doak gave the destruc<9frn of state's rights as one of the main resigns for

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBirPS-HOWABD XJEWBPAPEB > Owned and published dally (exeept Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-CCn West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD Olt BLEY. ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE—RI ley AVU THURSDAY. MAY 7. 1931. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper AHWinre. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

such action,” he says. “Yet the reorganization of the federal employment service which is taking place is resulting in the complete destruction of the present organization in Virginia. "The reorganization has gone on without the least disposition to advise with or co-operate with, in a satisfactory way, our department and the officials of Virginia.” The commissioner referred to the vetoed Wagner bill as "the most constructive effort of the federal government to relieve the situation.” When President Hoover vetoed the Wagner bill he assumed a grave responsibility to provide something better in the way of a job-finding service for unemployed men and The country has waited with considerable patience for this better way; but doubts and questions multiply as employment chiefs, presumably skilled in the problems involved, complain of what is being done. This is one responsibility that can not be shifted or avoided. Congress did its part toward enacting the employment plan which social workers, economists, labor and public officials had worked out as best. The Wagner plan would have been law now if the President had not rejected the combined efforts of this group, for a project of his own. The country wants an employment service that will work, and there seems to be no present prospect of its forgetting or being diverted from this demand. After Prohibition the Deluge In a speech the other night, Dr. William J. Schieffelin, president of the Citizens union and organizer of the Committee of One Thousand in New York City, held that rackets and organized crimes are due chiefly to the dry act and the possibilities which prohibition gives for huge profits in defiance of the law. There is no doubt that Dr. Schieffelin is right. But one can not safely reason that the way out of the mess merely is to get rid of prohibition. The crime situation is bound to become far more serious after repeal. , Those who have been making billions out of organized bootlegging and high-jacking are not going to rest satisfied with putting themselves at the service of the Gideon society or the Lord’s Day Alliance, once prohibition passes. They will pass over from the liquor pastures into organized bank and security robbery, wholesale thefts, bucket shop artistry and racketeering in lines other than alcoholic. All the organization and experience thus far developed in tne liquor game will be applied to more serious forms of delinquency. This fact is no sufficient ground for retaining the dry law. But it should make us understand the responsibility which is ours if we propose to repeal it. We must get ready, not only with shopping bags to carry home our booze from government repositories, but also with a system of crime repression equal to the probable emergency. Otherwise, the restored wet era will be a deluge indeed. A seven-foot man has been elected mayor of Berlin to succeed a mayor lately involved in a scandal. On the assumption, perhaps, that he’s too big to stoop to petty politics. A New York woman is suing her husband for divorce because of his habit of pretending to be dead. That’s how a man gets sometimes who plays dummy at bridge too long. The unemployment problem, says a news item, hasn’t affected chemists. It’s probably because =riey had their own solutions. A boy who tried to wreck a railroad train has been ordered to have his tonsils removed. Maybe this will put him on the right track. Members of the British house of commons have been denied free matches. Now you know what the burning issue is before the house. You’ve got to have plenty of “pull” to matte the college crew. Ball players who pull boners seldom pull a bonus.

REASON

IT took a long time to get Hoover and Coolidge to consent to dedicate Hardings tomb at Marion, 0., but now that they have been captured for the event, their speeches are to be broadcast from coast to coast. a a We do not know whether Hoover and Coolidge who are Republicans and Governor White, who is a Democrat, ever played the pipe organ, but if they did, the experience will come in handy at the dedication of this tomb, for there are a lot of things that will have to be soft pedaled. e a a Aside from the money the workmen get out of it, such tombs as Harding’s which cost something like SBOO,OOO, are a total less and more than this, they are the last word in vanity and vulgarity. We doubt whether Harding would have wanted it, for he was rather weary of the limelight when he passed over the Great Divide. a tt a BUT that’s the way people are. Let a prominent man die, particularly under tragic cirmustances, and immediately after the funeral they make a break for a printing office and have a lot of subscription blanks made and they then proceed to comb the country for contributions to pile a lot of stone in alleged honor of the deceased. s a a The truth is that the only real memorial any man can have is the one he builds with his own hands. It is the one he builds through all the days and all the trials that he knew. The only real memorial is the record one leaves. The people are quite familiar with this memorial, for they have read it in the making; they know it by heart. s a e YOU can't fool anybody by misrepresentation in marble or bronze. All the sculptors from Lorado Taft down to the stone cutter ’round the corner, chipping the plain inscription, “John' Jones,” can not put anything over on the community or the world at large. Some day this post-mortem splurging will be ended by a sense of eternal fitness. a tt tt After the simple tomb given the Father of his Country on the banks of the Potomac, the most impressive spot in all this world to the lover of liberty, our zealous perpetuators of the great and the neargreat should have been subdued. tt B tt All the real giants are sleeping peacefully beneath simple slabs or in simple tombs.' but their names live in a place to which tickets cf admittance can not be purchased—the heart of grateful humanity. And so we pity the silent victims of misdirected and exaggerated zeal

Y FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Bulk of Our Thought and Energy Runs to Ways and Means Whereby Some One Else Will Provide Work. NEW YORK, May 7.—This is the first depression we ever tried to solve by experts. That may be one reason why we are not getting along any better. We have been bewildered by nothing so much as the variety and excellence of the solutions offered; we have been offered so many ways out that we don’t know which to choose. Every one admits that Mr. Mellon is right in declaring that our standards of living must be maintained, and that Mr. Swope is right when he says that jobs constitute the real problem. So, too, every one admits that the International Chamber of Commerce delegates are right in believing that we have struck bottom, because if we haven’t, there just isn’t any. But copper is selling at 9 cents a pound, the lowest in thirty-seven years, and cotton at less than 10; income tax returns have dropped 30 or 35 per cent and the federal ■Wiwnment faces a deficit of more than a billion dollars; there are about as many people out of work as there were last winter, foreign trade shows few signs of revival. When you get right down to brass tacks, we still are betting on psychology to pull us out of the mud. tt tt tt Backbone Is Broken THERE is one aspect of the situation which few have mentioned, but which appeals to this writer as very important. For the same reason that we have a larger percentage of people depending on pay rolls, we have a smaller percentage trying to provide pay rolls. There probably never was a time when so few people were thinking along creative and constructive lines. That' is where small independent business used to render its greatest sendee. When we had a setup where fifteen or twenty employes constituted*the average establishment, we had thousands upon thousands of people whose very life depended upon keeping up production and selling goods. With a system which masses 50,000 or evjen 100,000 under a single management, that element has shrunk. X tt tt Too Many ‘Leaners’ '■r-'HE challenge we face includes A more than some of the experts appear to realize. The new economic structure lacks certain latent forces which "went with the old one. For one + hlng, it has developed a much larger proportion of people who can not take care of themselves, even to a partial extent, in times of stress. For another, it has reduced the number who would be inspired or driven to do something by the responsibility of having to look after their own shops, factories, or enterprises. ’To sum it up, the bulk of our thought and energy runs to ways and means whereby someone else will provide work. tt tt tt Get What They Want DEMOCRACY plays a major part in all forms of progress, if it did not, it would be useless in politics. What a large percentage of the people want, what they are interested in, and what they strive to attain, counts for a great deal. Given people who like to sing, and you are bound to get good singers. Given people accustomed to deal with emergencies, who have been trained to depend on themselves, and who do not wait for someone else to pull them out when they land in the mire, and you have a phase of psychology which is worth far more than some of the phases we have been talking about. 9 tt tt Need Holes in the Wall IT commonly is believed that machinery, mass production, and organized wealth have driven us to a point where the vast majority can be only cogs in the system, and where a comparatively few must take all the initiative. Our educational system has become so infected with this belief that boys and girls are being trained to regard their principal problem in life as getting jobs. The idea that they can do very much by, or for, themselves; that they have any considerable part in the fulfillment of their ambitions or desires; or that there is much of a prospect for them except as they can connect with some large institution and grow up in it as older people die off, is conspicuous for its absence. The result is that we have very little initiative left, not only when it comes to meeting emergencies like this, but in the conception of new enterprises and undertakings, which is just as essential to the maintenance of human progress as it ever was. We seem to have forgotten that every business in this country, no matter how big or impressive, was begun as a hole in the wall, and that the only way we can be sure of continued progress is to keep on making just such holes in the wall. Should tea be boiled? Tea contains the astringent tannin, a deleterious element. Boiling tea extracts the tannin and is, therefore, bad. An equally bad effect is had by adding to fresh tea leaves those once steeped, or by steeping too long, even below the boiling point. Boiling tea also evaporates the essential oil. thus losing flavor. Where in the Bible is the verse, “Thee effectual prayer of a righteous man availeth much?” James, Chapter 5, verse 16. Is there any rule in boxing which bars a Negro from holding the world’s heavyweight championship? No.

Daily Thought

O give thanks unto the Lord; for He is good: for his mercy endureth forever.—Psalm 136: L Our whole life should speak forth our thankfulness. —R. lihhd

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Man Can Not Live on Fat Alone

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. FAT is utilized by the human being largely as a source of energy. It contributes many calories in relationship to the amount that may be taken. By contributing energy, it relieves the intestines from the digestion, assimilation, and absorption of a large amount of carbohydrate or sugar. To a certain extent also fats are valuable in sparing protein, which is used for building tissue. However, the human being can not be supported by fat alone; indeed, it is well to emphasize again that the human body demands a widely varied diet, and that concen-

IT SEEMS TO ME

“'"r'HAT,” said a man, indicating X a needle point several hundred feet below, "is the Chrysler building.” We were standing just below the mooring mast of the Empire State, on the 102d floor. Everybody with a desire to grow philosophical should spend half an hour each week on this high platform. It was the afternoon of May day. In Madison square the Communists were holding a mass meeting. Two inches further downtown the Veterans of Foreign Wars were to gather, and after them the Socialists. On each rostrum there stood a man waving his arms and insisting that with him lay salvation and beyond the sweep of his fist nothing but disaster and rank heresy. And from 1,200 feet np each orator was no more thai. a tiny bug and the crowd about him a passing swarm of ants. At that distance policies, either political or economic, blended into the extradordinary sameness of humankind when reduced to small dimension. a tt tt Not a Steady Diet AND so I would not recommend a philosopher’s seat just below the mooring mast to anybody as a regular point of vantage. It might induce in him the greatest of all defeatist heresies that nothing matters very much. Instead of eating at an apple, one may ascend a quarter mile if he would lose the sense of distinction between good and evil. And this is not in any sense a

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times—ln your “People’s Voice” column, M. F. Stafford enters into a general denunciation of what he has seen fit to call “the chain gang.” In his letter he deals mostly in generalities, making no specific charges against the chains, with the exception of “starvation wages,” and drawing the into their stores to “skin them alive.” Mr. Stafford seems to have a “one-way mind” as far as the chain stores are concerned, but I would like to ask him if he really ever has given the chain store question any serious thought Evidently he has not; because if he had, he would not be so strong in his denunciation of the chain store systems. We first will consider Mr. Stafford’s charges that the chain stores pay “starvation” wages. This charge, which often has been made against the chain stores, is without foundation. Mr. Stafford can not produce any statistics, based _on facts, which show that the average wages paid to employes in chain stores, are less than the chain store employes would receive if they were engaged in the same kind of work in the average independent store in this city. The fact that employes remain with the chain, or go to another chain, is sufficient proof that the wages which they receive from the chains are equal to, or better than they would receive elsewhere for the same kind of work. As for his statement that the chains drawsfpeopls into their stores and “skin them alive,” it is only

Caught in His Own Web!

tration on any single type of food is likely to be injurious to health. If the human being is starving, as occurs not only under conditions of famine, but when people follow unwise reducing formulas, the body tries to live on the fat that has been stored up in times of plenty. Under such circumstances, more fat will be found in the blood, which is carrying it from one part of the body to another. When fat in the form of butter or beef fat or nutritive oil is taken into the body, it is split up in the intestines and changed into fatty acids or soaps, then, through the action of the cells in the walls of the intestines, the fat is developed into anew form in which it is carried by the blood and deposited in the body.

sound point of view, because most of us do and must live our lives upon the surface of the earth, where practices and beliefs are to us a vital and even an essential thing. One yields even to slight blasphemy in regard to providence if he gets too far aloft. It is, like this, from distances that captains of celestial industry regard our little planet. It may be that certain grave injustices of pestilence and whirlwind pass as nothing, since they are directed by beings who watch the world too microscopically. However, there is one way in which those ardent for betterment in life may find a stimulus in looking at the city whole and spread out utterly to the gaze. Even from 1,200 feet, sparse bits of green stand out in the drab pattern of the brick and stone. This little smudge is a park. And even smaller is the tiny display of some isolated tree in a backyard. One gets a sense of the prison contours which we have raised against ourselves. tt tt a Before the Deal HERE in Manhattan island, wh { ch must have been a glorious garden spot before man came to civilize it. In the days of the Dutch it knew rivers, lakes and even a spread of jungle foliage. And now, looking down upon it, this land of natural luxury has become a record of squat squalor, with a few exciting towers. If we are to plan another sort of city with due regard for earth and trees and space to turn around we must lift from their foundations

necessary to state that the majority of the chains operate on a “money back if you are not satisfied basis” and any time the customer feels that lie has been “skinned,” it is only necessary for him to report the matter to the manager to receive satisfaction. If the manager refuses to adjust the matter, the customer has only to call Headquarters and receive prompt adjustment, A blind man is the only person that could possibly be justified in crying that he had been “skinned” in a chain store. The rest of us have our sight, and if we allow ourselves to be “skinned” it is our own fault. Mr. Stafford accuses The Times of being part of the “chain gang.” I wonder if Mr. Stafford ever has given any thought to the type of daily newspaper he would be reading if It were not for the “chain” system of distribution of the daily news events. If it were not for the Associated Press, United Press and other news distributing “chains,” the modem daily newspaper would provide very dull reading to those who are interected in other than “local” news items. If Mr. Stafford were to investigate the matter thoroughly, he would find that practically every statement which has been made against the chains, and which are based on facts, would apply to the average independent merchant as well as the chains. C It Would be as file to coodaxon

If the fat in the blood is in excess, the fluid portion of the blood will have a slightly milky color. However, the fat usually is taken up by the tissues as rapidly as it develops and either stored away or used up promptly by the cells in the production of heat or to provide energy. The amount of fat that a person uses up in his body is, of course, regulated by the amount of carbohydrate or sugar that he is taking up and using at the same time. It is interesting to realize that the chemical changes that have been described are going on all the time, changing the form and nature of various substances to make them available for the needs of the living cells.

HEYWOOD BROUN

whole blocks of stodgy dwellings. We have become too close, and one shoulder rubs against another. It is an anthill in which we may have left a little scope for elbow movement, but nothing for the soul of man. tx u Swinging Cats POSSIBLY we still can swing a cat in some of the confined cloisters in which we manage to live and breathe and—after a fashion—have our being. But looking at the setup from an Empire State grand stand, it is easy to understand that few of us have a reasonable allotment in which to swing an emotion. And that, after all, is more important than throwing the sixteenpound cat. Again, one gets some notion of the prodigal wastage of our rivers. We sit, or might, upon an island blessed by rushing waters. When the Indians went away they left behind them groves and beaches coming down to the water’s rim. All that is changed. For now a stream’s edge means no more than a good factory site. And all along our borders stand the tall, black, grimy towers of the industries which prison us. If this were indeed, as, Jimmy Walker says, the Imperial City of New York, then some emperor ought to sit upon his pinnacle and, looking down upon gray spaces and those of brown, say, "With my thumb I will pat in here a smudge of green and over at that corner a little yellow, indicating the flood of sun.” (Copyright. 1931, by Tbs Times)

the entire legislature and judicial system of our country because of the individual acts of dishonesty and corruption as it is to condemn the chain systems because of individual instances of dishonesty on the part of a small number of chain employes. Though it displeases Mr. Stafford, and others, the chains are here to stay, as the public is not going to let sentiment for the independent merchant overcome the dollars and cents saving of chain store trading. No, Mr. Stafford, I am not connected in any way with any chain organization, but I have given considerable thought to both sides of the “chain menace,” and although I also have a few pet prejudices against the chains I will have to admit that in so far as the chains’ relations with the consumers are concerned, I am just about 100 per cent pro-chain. P. E. R. Editor Times—As a reader of The Times, I will say in regard to that fallow who said the soldier depended on the government too much, that bonus rightly belongs to the soldier. He risked his life in an effort to save his country. If it hadn’t been for those who fought and suffered and died, where would we all be today? living under old Kaiser Bill. As for eating slop, I don’t suppose this man ate any more than the rest of us, unless he made a hog of himself. I think he would better think twice before he speaks once. MRft O. E A.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

-MAY 7, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Dr. Robert A. Millikan Is a Famous Scientist Who Has the Organizing Genius of a Captain of Industry. HE looked the very personification of twentieth century efficiency. The smooth orcer of his steel-gray hair, the quick glint of his keen eyes, the squareness of his shoulders, the decisiveness of his voice and the robust spring of his stride all radiate efficiency. You would not be surprised if any one told you that he was the president of a powerful bank, the guiding genius of a nation-wide chain of stores or the directing head of a great railroad. You naturally would associate him with directors’ meetings and conferences. You might find It more difficult to associate him with long hours in a scientific laboratory. Perhaps you would not picture him bending over a microscope, reading delicate measuring instruments to the hun-dredth-thousandth of a degree, and making long and laborious tabulations and calculations. But the second picture would be quite correct. For the man of whom we are writing is Dr. Robert Andrews Millikan, world famous scientist, the man who first isolated the electron, and the man who confirmed the existence of cosmic rays. Millikan once said that he drifted into a scientific career purely by chance. No one who knows him can doubt that if circumstances had taken him into the business world, he would have been as famous a captain of industry as he is today a captain of science.

Organizing Genius MILLIKAN has shown the organizing genius of a captain of industry in the performance of his duties as chairman of the executive committee of the California Institute of Technology and as director of the Norman Bridge physics laboratory, one of the laboratories making up the institute. When I visited the laboratory ai few years ago, I had the Impression of being in a great factory during boom times. There was the hum of industry about the building. Millikan, himself a great scientist, has surrounded himself with great scientists at the institute. He has made it one of the wolrd’s chief centers for research into the domain of atomic physics. Within the last decade, he has brought the world’s most renowned authorities in this field to Pasadena as visiting professors, among them the late Dr, H. A. Lorentz, one of the founders of the electron theory; Dr. Arnold Sommerfleld of Munich, Professor Rman of India and Professor Ehrenfest of Holland. All of them—like Millikan himself—are holders of the Nobel prize. The most recent distinguished visitor to his laboratory was Professor Albert Einstein. Millikan shows another side of his character upon the speaking platform. He is entirely at ease before an audience, lecturing in a voice that is audible in the largest hall. He never hesitates for a word. He has the knack of addressing laymen and has performed a valuable service to science as an interpreter of the scientic point of view . a tt tt In Signal Corps Morrison, hi., was Millikan’s birthplace, on March 22, 1568. His father was the Rev, Mr. Silas Franklin. Millikan received his A. B. from Oberlin in 1891. He studied subsequently at Columbia, Berlin and Gottingen. In 1896, he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago, remaining there until 1921. During the World war he was in Washington as chief of the science and research division of the United States signal corps. He was awarded the Nobel prize in 1923 for his researches in the field of the electron. He was the first to Isolate the electron and measure its electrio charge. His experiments really demonstrated the existence of the electron. In the literature of physics, hi* work is known as the oil-drop experiment. In the experiment, a drop of oil was permitted to float between two metal plates which were charged electrically. The rate at which the drop fell could be regulated by the potential of the plates. When one or more electrons settled on the drop, the result was to change the rate at which the drop moved. From this, he calculated the eleo trie charge of the electron.

GO.MPERS' APPEAL May 7 ON May 7, 1917, Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, sent an appeal by cable to the executive committee of the Council of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Delegates at Petrograd after the czar had been overthrown. The appeal said in part: “The gravest crisis in the world’s history now is hanging in the balance and the course which Russia will pursue may have a determining influence whether democracy or autocracy shall prevail. . . “Now that Russian autocracy is overthrown, neither the American government nor the American people apprehend that the wisdom ar.d experience of Russia in the coming constitutional assembly will adopt any form of government other than the one best suited to your needs. "The American government, the American people, the American labor movement, are wholeheartedly with the Russian workers, the Russian masses, in the great effort to maintain the freedom you already have achieved and to solve the grave problems yet before you. “We earnestly appeal to you to make common cause with 'us to abolish all forms of autocracy and despotism, and to establish and maintain for generations yet unborn, the priceless treasures of justice, freedom. democracy. and humanity.”