Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 305, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 May 1931 — Page 8

PAGE 8

SCRIPPS - HOWARD

The Two May Days The American Child Health Association has prcffaimed May day, 1931, a “national child health day.” Its general purpose Is to “fulfill the aims of President Hoover’s White House conference on child health and protection as expressed in the children’s charter and intended for the benefit of every child, regardless of race or color or situation, wherever he may live under protection of the American flag.” This movement for child health and protection covers four broad fields—medical service, public health and child hygiene, education and training, and care of handicapped children. Representative statistics indicate the great need for such work. More than 1,500,000 children are ill each year from easily preventable diseases. Fifteen per cent of our total deaths are caused by these diseases From 50 to 75 per cent of our crippled children ow T e their deplorable condition to tuberculosis or infantile paralysis. Mental and nervous diseases among children are recognized or cared for very inadequately. Home conditions now leave much to be desired. Reading and recreation ’for children are developed very imperfectly. We may wish the American Child Health Association the best of good fortune with its plan. We never can have a nation of vigorous, intelligent and urbane adults unless we safeguard the period of childhood. As recently stated in an editorial in the New York World-Telegram, every day should be a “national child health day.” But the child health movement will not be fully significant unless it is definitely up with that other May day, consecrated by the radicals of the world to protest against intolerable working conditions under irresponsible capitalism. No honest and informed man can well deny the validity of their protest on May 1, 1931. There is little to be gained in producing healthy and well-bred children if they can not get work under decent conditions when they become adults. If vigorous and well-trained children must rot and starve in idleness and want, it is far better and more humane to let them die early. What does it profit America to spend millions to improve the condition of its children if they are to come to a condition like that described by Louis Adamic, which now prevails among the industrial population of New England: “In Lowell I saw shabby men leaning against walls and lamp posts, and standing on street corners singly or in twos and threes; pathetic, silent, middle-aged men, in torn, frayed overcoats or even without overcoats, broken shoes on their feet (in a town manufacturing shoes), slumped in postures of hopeless olscontent, their faces sunken and their eyes shifty and bewildered —men who winced and jerked queerly when they noticed me looking at them, and shuffled off uncertainly, wringing their hands in a mingling of vague desperation and of resentment at my gaze. “I spoke or tried to speak with some of them, and I went into a few of the unemployed’s homes in Lowell and heard and saw things, which, if I described them, would make very melancholy reading.” Such is the condition of some 7,000,000 or more adult Americans on May 1, 1931. Was it humane to let them live past childhood? What does it avail to guide children safely through childhood and set them down in circumstances like these? Moreover, unless something fundamental is undertaken soon, the condition of workers in Lowell in 1931 is likely to appear close to Utopia compared with the life of laborers in the United States in 1945. The President’s White House conference on child welfare was all very fine, but its possible advantages never can be realized so long as our chief executive refuses to go even so far as to sign the Wagner bill Yellow Dogs and Teachers The notorious “yellow dog” contracts in mining and some other industries are well known. A worker is compelled to agree in advance not to join a union. Such contracts are humiliating enough in any occupation. The state of Washington now is attempting to victimize its teachers in this manner District No. 1 of Seattle adopted the following “vellow dog” ruling: “No person shall be employed hereafter, or continued in the employ of the district as a teacher while a member of the American Federation of Teachers, or any local thereof; before any election shall be be considered binding, such teacher shall sign a declaration to the following effect; “I hereby declare that I am not a member of the American Federation of Teachers, or any local thereof, and will not become a member during the term of this contract.” The teachers belonging to the union appealed, but the Washington court has upheld the school board. To put the situation mildly, this is a poor way of encouraging that intellectual independence and economic impartiality which is assumed to be a prime characteristic of those who instruct our youth. Restore the Constitution Judge Wanamaker of Ohio has ruled that it is no crime for a free American to talk about public issues. This particular decision on a specific case in a single state is in itself gratifying and significant. But Wanamaker's ruling that the Ohio syndicalism law is unconstitutional should become a precedent for restoration of civil liberties throughout the nation. Thirteen years after the armistice, it is high time to expect such a move. The average citizen perhaps is not generally aware of the extent to which American liberties have been massacred by wartime hysteria and its hangover. Just what would a return to “normalcy”—a reclaiming of the heritage which our ancestors shed their blood to establish—actually involve? It would require a wiping out of the laws which make unconventional opinions a crime in some thirtytwo states. Some of these laws have been upheld by the United States supreme court. It would erase laws in twenty-eight states which make the display of a red flag a felony—this in a country where flaunting the revolutionary tri-color of France once was an unmolested proof of liberal spirit. It would nip the rerival in many southern states of savage and antiquated laws, enacted during slavery and reconstruction, in order to apply them to radicals in 1931. Pacifists who are devoted sincerely to the Sermon on the Mount would cease being regarded as undesirable citizens. Some 1,500 political prisoners, still denied restoration of citizenship for refusing to believe the kaiser a gorilla, would be restored to citizenship. Open season cm radicals in southern textile areas would have to be suspended. We would find it nec-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPARER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) be The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co., 214-220 West Maryland Street Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYE GURLEY ROY W HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— RIley 5551 FRIDAY, MAY 1, 1931. Member of United Press Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Assoelation Newspaper information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

essary to end a situation where murderers of an innocent woman—as in Gastonia—were regarded as local heroes, while no man of god could be found in the community to perform the funeral rites of the victim Head-breaking and murder of Communists, while the latter are engaged In the lawful right of assembly or electioneering, would have to go by the beard. Specific cases of abuse of liberty and justice would be cleared up. Yetta Stromberg would be saved from California prison for flying a red flag over a camp a few minutes each day. Men would not be condemned to rot in prison for a maximum of forty years because they tried to unionize the sorely oppressed workers in the melon fields. Three men and two girls would be freed from the Pennsylvania penitentiaries for advocating social change and pacifism. The revival of the deportation delirium under Secretary of Labor Doak would cease. Mooney and Billings and the Centralia victims would be released. Above all, we would prevent the spirit of 1917-1919 from emerging in any fresh legislation. The absurd alien registration legislation would be buried in congress. Anti-labor injunctions, bad enough before 1917, would be outlawed. Such achievements as these would help revise the Constitution of the United States, which practically is dead so long as our civil liberties are violated flagrantly. As Prisoners See Us Put a man in jail for violating the laws society has made and he is transformed into something less than human, a being to be punished. Because of this customary inhumane attitude, the plan just announced by Richard C. Patterson Jr., commissioner of correction in New York City, is particularly striking. Patterson has asked prisoners in New York City’s eighteen penal institutions to criticise their jails and jail conditions. For the best criticism, he will give money prizes. It’s not a stunt. Patterson says he regards this unique contest as a serious, logical thing. We believe it is. The commissioner is to be congratulated on his intelligent innovation. Mrs. Minnie Maddern Fiske, on the stage for more than forty years, still is going strong. The woman flays and plays and plays. You can’t always tell a cool-headed man, observes the office sage, by the amount of hair on his head. As content with life as a magician might be, he always is wanding something. A golf ball hit by a California woman killed two wild canaries. Even so, a birdie in hand would have been more desired than two in the bush. A fellow doesn’t realize how many back-slappen there are until he acquires a tender sunburn. Few people, says the office sage, will give the dentist credit for taking pains with his work. Its a terrible blow to me,” said ihe saxophone teacher critically as his pupil hit a sour note. Tile New York youth who was convicted of theft by the print of his rubber heel probably henceforth will watch his step. A criticism of Charley Chaplin’s art, observes the office sage, is comprised largely of foot notes. Lets talk shop,” as one bargain hunter said to the other Speaking of men of vision In this day .and generation, don’t forget the optometrists. Wilkins brings a nursery rhyme up to date: Rub-a-dub-dub, my hearties in a sub. Guess I’ll try my hand at operating,” as the fellow said at the dial telephone. Selling a suit of clothes, observes the office sage, is a fitting climax for any salesman.

REASON

A CABLE from Moscow brings the glad tidings that L 1 man y °f the Russians spend their holidays ■vashing their feet. the most hopeful news that has come out Russia since the revolution. one They are having a hot time on the tip of Europe. Spain just has chased her king and established a republic, while her neighbor, Portugal, who only recently established a republic, is threatening to chase her president. non Paul Revere Jr. and William Dawes Jr. have ridden over the ground covered by their ancestors, when they awoke the folks and told them the British were coming. Having had a wonderful press agent in the person of the poet. Longfellow’, the elder Revere got more publicity out of the ride than the elder Daw’es. * a a 'T'HE maharajah of Burdwan tells the men of the A United States they should keep their wives in the house even if it be necessary to lock them up. If the esteemed Hindu ever comes over here to demonstrate, we’ll buy a reserved seat. non Dr. Voliva, who has been piloting the Zion enterprise established by the late Dr. Dowie, states that he has resigned, will become an evangelist and never again go near a bath tub. This should in time give the doctor an unmistakable air of authority. non The era of confusion is with us again. Seventeen states have adopted daylight savings time and now the gentleman who wanders hither and yon must get out a map and a compass to keen his dates. It’s a terrible nuisance. one RUSSIA just has deported an American and his wife because the latter told a joke on Dictator Stalin. And this is the wonderful land of liberty our dear Communists tell us about. We wish all of them were over there. ana A distinguished gentleman in New York City just has been arrested, charged with selling dope to school children. If we were dictator, we would hang every wretch, guilty of this crime—and make him furnish the rope.’ a a a We have our troubles, but when you read of the revolutions and earthquakes in other lands, you conclude that we ought to declare a dividend.

BY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Most Important Thing About Taxation Is Whether People Are Getting Their Money's Worth. NEW YORK, May I.—Flaming youth came in for more than its share of Thursday’s news. Half a dozen young men ran the New York Stoqk Exchange. Bryan Untiedt, boy hero of the Colorado blizzard, wound up his visit with the Hoovers. Two lads, one 9 and the other only 6, terrorized Cherrydaie, Va., with a revolver which they took from a parked auto, and with which they sought to put on a wild west show. A girl of 10 took her place as a full-fledged member of the newly organized Women’s International Smoking Club, Inc. Gilbert K. Chesterton, told an English audience how maidens of 16 were accustomed to drink raw alcohol from flasks in this benighted country of ours. Eve Garette Grady, just home from Russia, declared that 25,000,000 young “Robots,” lacking both souls and a sense of humor, constituted the back bone of the five-year plan. It’s Soft for Us INCIDENTALLY, Mrs. Grady was expelled from Russia for telling a joke on Stalin. If we had expelled every one telling a joke on Hoover, who would there be left? That’s only one difference between the Soviet and this country. We have a great deal of unemployment, but very little hunger. In Russia, every one has a job, but no one gets enough to eat. If the five-year plan is a success, it will be because of such conscription methods and such sacrifices as we wouldn’t stand, even in case of war. We are shuddering right now at the possibility of a tax increase, but what could it amount to in comparison with thfe tribute exacted from j Russians? a *

Borah Hits Tax Boost Administration officials say that we can avoid a tax increase by economizing. Senator Borah suggests that is something which should have been thought of before they set up twenty-six new commissions, as they have during the last two years. Thus we come co the question of whether the executive department or congress is more to blame for the repidly mounting cost of government. Taxpayers §,re net half as interested in who started the thing as in who will stop it. The most important point about taxation is, and always has been, whether people are getting their money’s worth. Another important point is, whether they are being taxed fairly. Still another important point is whether individuals and communities receive just benefits in proportion to what they pay. Representative James M. Beck of Pennsylvania offers some interesting facts. With regard to the latter, he says that while sifch states as Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and North Dakota receive vastly more from the federal government by way of direct assistance than they pay in federal taxes, such states as New York, Pennsylvania and Illinois receive only a small percentage. New York, for instance, got less than $9,000,C00 in 1930, though she paid more than $900,000,000, while North Dakota got more than sl,700,000, though she paid less than $600,000. a tt tt Tax the Other Fellow CONSIDERING these facts, Mr. Beck says that it is only fair to make due allowance for important public improvements of more than local benefit, and for discrepancies created by concentrated collection of corporation taxes. Even so, there is too much looseness and inequality in our tax system, whether as between the federal government and the states, between the states and municipalities, or between municipalities and the citizens. The prevailing attitude toward taxation is much like it is toward law. Most of us want it for the other fellow, and about half the thought expended on it is for the purpose of making him pay. The effort to avoid taxes by imposing them on this or that group, by creating unnecessary sub-di-visions and classifications, by adopting formulae that no one can understand, has led to a program all along the line which is not only unjust and cumbersome, but which involves a world of useless expense.

TODAY IS THE ANNIVERSARY of

VISIT TO SENATE May 1 May 1, 1917, Vice-Premier Vlviani, Marshal Joffre, and Ambassador Jusserand visited the United States senate chamber to pay the respects of the French government. A demonstration followed such as had not been witnessed since Lafayette was the guest of the United States in 1322. The senators clapped hands deafeningly and rose, the galleries shouted more deafeningly still and rose leaning forward and waiving while members of the house standing at the back of the chamber, surged forward. The Visitors shook hands with Vice-President Marshall and stood beside him, looking with evident pleasure at the wild scene before them. When the applause had lasted several minutes, Mr. Marshall tapped for order. When M. Viviani concluded his address to the senate, shouts of “Joffre! Joffre!” filled the chamber, and the marshal turned and said with a smile: “I do not speak English.” , Then raising his right hand, he called out, “Vivent les Etats-Unis!” With a military salute, he was gone. Is is possible to measure the weight of anything as small as the dot of a pencil? Modern physicists are able to measue the weight of a pencil dot on the letter “L” The spectroscope will detect a quantity of matter many hundred thousand times smaller than a dot, and the electroscope is a million times more sensitive than the spectroscope.

Please Go 'Way and Let Us Sleep!

DO YOU HAVE TO START THAT SO EARLY? POLICIES CLAIMS ISSUES CLAIMS SQUABBLES CHARGES ISSUES ARGUMENTS TALBURT

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Special Capacity in Music Is Inborn

BY DK. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TT is believed widely that talent is inherited and that children of people of great talent are likely also to possess talent. Already newspapers report that the daughter of Ziegfeld and Billie Burke has appeared. on the stage and it is said that the daughter of Caruso is taking singing lessons. There seems to be much evidence to support the belief that special capacity in music is inborn. The special evidence is the fact that some of the great geniuses have shown this talent very early in life. As cited by Popenoe, Bach composed music before he was 15 years old, Beethoven at 10, Brahms at 10, Chopin at 8, Handel at 10 and Haydn at 6. The genius Cesar Franck appeared as a virtuoso at 11, Josef Hofmann at 7, Menuhin at 5, and Zimbalist at 8. Apparently music is one of the

IT SEEMS TO ME

SIR JAMES JEANS comes to our shores with a prediction of the end of the world. Fortunately the time which the distinguished British astronomer picks is a million million years hence. It may not matter much to any of us that in a zillion years all that we have done and tried to do will be gone. But I must admit a certain sentimental regard. It was a good world when we had it. Radiation, the breakdown of matter, is the force which will end it all, according to Sir James. Yet even in this prediction I see a ray of hope. When students of the stars declare that on some certain planet life can not exist because of fearfully low temperatures or the absence of atmosphere they merely mean life as we know it. And it is difficult for me to conceive of the disappearance of matter, even though this exit is spaced so far away. a a a Getting in Line THERE will be, on a Monday morning one zillion years hence, no chairs or tables, rocks or steel or copper. These will all have gone back to Mr. Ibsen’s button molder. And yet there could be things still in a state of being, though they might be substances undreamed of in our philosophy. Os late it has become fashionable to say that the scientist is just as dogmatic in his field as the fundamental preacher. This is less than accurate. Certain clergymen are prepared to say precisely how the world began and how it will end. Among distinguished men of science are many who confess the boundaries of their knowledge and even set limitations upon their furthest flung theories. “This I know,” they are prepared to say, and “This I think,” they may venture. But they leave in the cosmos vast undiscovered continents concerning which they are quite ready to admit, “I do not know.” Man, from the beginning of time, always has had the end of the world uponr his mind. When I was 10 or 11 some Sunday newspaper feature of a pseudo-scientific nature filled me with dread that the falling of the curtain might be just around the corner. As I remember, the notion was tied up with the possibility of a comet crashing into the earth and sending it spinning through the empty spaces. One of the most interesting was a man who preached from Patchogue, L. 1., a few years ago. He was definite not only about the date, but the very hour upon which Gabriel’s trumpet would sound. It is my impression that he gathered few followers. But he succeeded in convincing his own family to the point where they agreed to sell the furniture because in heaven there will be no beds or sofas. a a a Nobody Could Be Sure AND Walter Lippmann, who was at that time chief editorial writer few the World, wrote an edi-

first of the special talents to make itself manifest in the child. Painting, poetry, or sculpturing is likely to be manifest as a special talent somewhat later. Popenoe believes that this is for the reason that music essentially is a primitive art. The recognition of pitch is, of course, a matter of having what is called “musical ear.” The musician also must have an instinct for style and order and his emotions must be stirred by music. There are some psychologists who insist that great interest in music is the response to an inferiority complex having to do with hearing, but the evidence hardly seems to be sufficient to warrant this belief. Practically all authorities on heredity now agree that musicality must be regarded as inborn, because it existed in the ancestry. If the ancestors of the child were not musical, little is to be gained by keeping it constantly at lessons. "Whether a child is or is not qualified to profit by musical instructions,” say Popenoe, “can be de-

j torial upon millennial prophecies i an d said, without reservation, that | the world would not expire in spite I of the predictions of the Patchogue prophet. This irritated me quite a little. I didn’t think that finis had been set down in the ledgers. But at least it was a long shot concerning which no one could be sure. It is not a bad thing for all of us to keep in mind the thought that these pleasant pastures are not established for all eternity. I think that the average man bel haves extremely well when notified I that he has some set span to live. ! Generally he doesn’t throw up his hands in horror and go into inert j moaning. | On the contrary, he moves to ; those tasks which seem to him the most precious and feels, “This work I want to do before the sun sets.” a a a We ? d Better Get Ready AND so, if Sir James Jeans is correct in his guess that only | a zillion years lie before us, can’t

Questions and Answers

What is the national and per capital wealth of the United States? The national industrial conference board estimated the national wealth of the United States (1923) as $360,062,000, or approximately $3,000 per capita. Has the United States army a flying field at Dayton, O.? The army air service has an experimental station at Wright field Dayton, Who is the author of the pnrase “Man works from sun to sun, but woman's work is never done?” It is an old English proverb, the origin of which is lost. It is found in British books cf the sixteenth century. Who is the present king of Sweden and how old is he? Gustav V, born June 16, 1858. What Is the meaning of the names Lavy and Sybil? Lavy is Slovak from the Greek and means Tion. Sibyl means prophetess, foreteller. How many people are employed by Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey combined shows? Approximately 1,200. WTiat is the meaning of ‘the phrase, “Cum testamento annexo”? It is a legal term meaning that Daily Thought Go to the ant, thou sluggard; and consider her ways and be wise.—Proverbs 6:6. A sluggish, dawdling and dilatory man may have spasms of activity, but he never acts continuously and consecutively with energetic quickness—George S. Hillard.

termined easily enough by standard tests.” There is no special reason why a child should spend many hours at a piano stcol drudging with forearm and finger movements to develop the amount of music appreciation necessary for culture. Whereas the talent for music is fairly frequent, the talent lor art is much more rare. Out of a school population of 200,000 studied in California only fifty were found particularly promising in art, and these were found, so far as their general intellect was concerned, of rather mediocre capacity. It is not certain to just what extent ability in art runs in families. On the other hand there are plenty of simple tests which make it possible to determine whether the child has any talent at drawing. When such tests are used child ’en with special ability and talent can be encouraged and those who nave no special ability may be given art apprecition without spending numerous hours on a technic which they never successfully can use.

BY HEYWOOD BROUN

we begin to put the place in order before they lock the doors and turn us out into the night? Whether this disintegration means a complete disappearance, a sort of conjecturing trick in which rivers, mountains and the oceans disappear like a coin in the palm of a prestidigitator, or whether the final scene is to be some burst of flame beyond the greatest bonfire, makes very little difference. The important thing is that the exit should be arranged in such way as to have within it not only dignity, but theatrical value. If a Mercutio could die with jesting magnificence, a whirling star as big as the earth ought to move out of the picture with an appropriate gesture. And it seems to me that the role in which w r e are cast demands a leap from something admirable into the nowhere. If this earth goes on inept and muddled, there will be no great tragedy in its taking off. -tCopyright. 1931. by The Times)

which is granted where no executor is named in the will, or where the one named dies, or is incompetent or unwilling to act. Such an administrator must follow the statute rules of distribution, exceut when otherwise directed by the will.

Which bends easier, a pipe or a solid bar of the same diameter? The United States bureau of standards says the solid bar is harder to bend than a hollow tube, but when the same amount of metal is used a tube is stronger than a solid bar.

Getting Married Happy marriage doesn’t “just happen.” It must be attained. At least half the battle is won or lost before she says “Yes!” Our Washington Bureau has ready for you an authoritative and frank discussion of the problems that confront those who are facing the great experiment of matrimony. It contains suggestions for solving the problems that confront any newly married pair. Mothers and fathers of young men and women on the threshold of matrimony will find this bulletin of as great interest to them as will young people contemplating matrimony. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 125, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE, and inclose herewith 5 cents In coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO , CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. vCode No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

MAY 1, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Most Savants Agree That Einstein Is the Greatest Scientific Mind in the History of Civilization. IF you caught a glimpse of Albert Einstein during his recent visit to the United States, count yourself lucky. You g£ zed upon the greatest figure of the age. Time will not dim his reputation, but enhance it. The century is yet young and predictions always are dangerous but it seems safe to predict that the twentieth century will produce no figure greater than his. In the years immediately after the announcement of his theory, some called him the greatest scientific mind since Newton. Today, most savants are willing to agiee that he is the greatest scientific mind in the history of civilization. To many, Einstein's visit to America was a source of bewilderment. Photographs of the eminent savant gravely sawing away on a violin to the accompaniment of a ship s orchestra were somewhat puzzling. Surely Einstein wasn’t running for the presidency of the United States, was he? V. nderst anding of this scientific philosopher who can wander from a discussion on the fourth dimension in the halls of a university to the showing of anew motion picture film and show the same enjoyment for each, can be found in the fact that there always come certain child-like qualities with genius. i *3 also help you to understand Einstein if you remember he has a keen sense of humor. a a Life Is Good 'T'HERE is a significant sentence T s 3? early P art of Genesis, t wu' God everything that He had made, and, behold,' it was very goo d.” Many people, in--5pl in 5 u good many Preachers, seem to have missed that sentence. But when you see Einstein puffing away upon his pipe, or drawing the bow over the strings of his beloved violin, you feel that he didn’t miss that sentence. There is something in his calm, his slow smile, and the twinkle of ”* ls , ey ® s says the universe—a . hfe—is very good. Space may be curved, clocks may ao things Newton never suspected, star images may jump about and light rays bend, but its’ a good universe nevertheless. Einstein, as many others, including Havelock Ellis, have observed looks more like an artist than the traditional picture of the scientist His great shock of hair, flying f f ll dlrectlons - is far from the . perfect order of a set of mathematical equations. ,r^ 5 , a J? atter of fact, Einstein is an SS?’ I ? roves the closs relationship of all genius by approaching science as an art. He believes in “hunches,” and has expressed the opinion that all great, achievements in science start from intuition. To him, a great discovoPVrt SCience a * so * s a grsat work _Einstein Is a great lever of music, His favorite composers are Barii Haydn and Mozart, Next to music! riie art which attracts him most is architecture. J n , ; llter , atUre ’ he Prefers the more motional writers. His favorite is Dostoyevsky. On one occasion he said, “Dostoyevsky gives me more thaj: any scientist.”

His Importance TT is almost impossible for the layA man to realize the importance of Einstein in the w’orld of science. To the layman, Einstein is a post-war phenomenon. Some of his detractors a few years ago even tried to explain his theories as a natural consequence of the upset of affairs in general by the World war. But as a matter of fact, the theory of relativity is more than a quarter century old and Einstein's work m other fields has been. of such importance that had he net formulated the relativity theories, he still would have gone down in history as one of the greatest scientists of the twentieth century. In 1905, Einstein, then an examiner of patents in the Swiss patent office in Berne, published four papers. Any one of the four would have been sufficient to establish his reputation in the world of science for all time. One was the special theory of relativity. A second paper, titled “'The Quantum Law of the Emission and Absorption of Light,” set forth the idea that light consisted of minute particles of quanta and not of waves. The paper has had as much bearing upon the development of recent scientific theories as has relativity. A third paper was titled “Theory of the Brownian Movements.”’ It gave the mathematical proof that the continuous vibration of small particles suspended in a liquid was the result of molecular bombardment and constitutes one of the best proofs of the atomic theory. The fourth paper, titled “The Ini ertia of Energy,” set worth the idea I that matter could be changed into energy, the foundation stone of modem theories which seek to ac- ! count for the genesis of the energy of the sun and the stars.