Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 301, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 April 1931 — Page 4

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The Safe and Sane A. F. of L. In a speech before the American Society cf Newspaper Editors, President William Green of the American Federation cf Labor spoke in characteristic vein of the war to the death between the American Federation of Labor and American radicalism. Among other things, he said: “Like other great movements which have been made up of sincere, earnest and honest men and women, organized labor has been misrepresented by designing people, who, in the name of labor, have organized working people into movements which are destructive and impossible. “The press frequently has been deceived because in the news columns and editorials they refer to these misguided groups as labor organizations and to their representatives as labor spokesmen. “They neither represent labor nor do they speak for labor. Those uninformed and unacquainted, however, with the organized labor movement in the United States become confused and unable to discriminate between these groups and their representatives who masquerade as the friends and advocates of organized labor. “It is in this particular field where the press can render a distinct public service. Tire public generally con only leam cf the difference between those represented by the American Federation of Labor and those represented by others who, without authority, assume to speak for labor, through facts and information being presented by the press. "An eternal conflict is going on between organized labor and these destructive, unethical and impracticable groups, many of which receive organization inspiration and financial support from abroad. They represent a philosophy that is in constant opposition to the philsophy espoused and advocated by the American Federation of Labor. “There can be no compromise on the part of the bona fide labor movement with these groups which use the name of labor as a password to legislative assemblies, public meetings and religious organizations.” We do r.ot ask Mr. Green to accept William Z. Foster for a buddy, but Foster certainly is no farther removed from the interests of sane labor organization than Matthew Woll or John L. Lewis, two of Mr. Green’s trusted lieutenants. Neither Mr. Green nor anybody else has proved that Mr. Foster has received gold from Moscow, but nobody denies that Mat Woll handles the gold of the National Civic Federation. Nobody of sense expects Mr. Green to genuflect before the shadow of Stalin, but John Lewis tried to throw American labor for reactionary Republican candidates. Certainly any American laborer should shudder as much at the thought of the Sage of Northampton as at the specter of the Iron Man of Moscow. As long as the American Federation of Labor permits Matt Woll, John Lewis and their like to speak for labor, and warns against Sidney Hillman and A. J. Muste, then the federation deserves to decline steadily in strength, numbers, prestige and the respect of discerning men. Conservation and reaction may have a place in American life, but certainly the place for them is not in the American labor movement. Deeper in Debt Federal finances are in the worst mess in years. The annual deficit is more than, 55309,000,000. That amount is larger than our total ordinary annual expenditures before the war. There are three chief reasons for this enormous deficit in the richest nation in the world. One is the increasingly large and unnecessary military-naval expenditures. Another is that our new high tariff has cut our customs income. The third is that Republican administrations have lowered the income taxes of the rich. The solution is to reduce military-naval expenses, lower the tariff and raise the income tax rate of the rich. But that is not Hoover’s solution. He announced recently that there would be no need for a tax increase by the next congress. He has also indicated opposition to general tariff reduction. Now Hoover announces that there will be a decrease in expenditures in 1932 of $315,000,000 —which is more apparent than real, and which leaves militarynaval expenditures above 1930 and 1931. The $315,000,000 budget cut estimate is apt to be illusory, because the 1931 figures include special appropriations for such items as farm relief and unemployment, while the 1932 figures do not include such special appropriations—which the next congress, however, may and probably will make for immediate expenditure. The combined army-navy budget for 1932 is listed by Hoover as $741,000,000, compared with $717,000,000 this year and $701,000,000 last year. Savings, however, are made where in justice there should be increases—for instance, the Indian bureau. There are increases, of course, for “law enforcement” and subsidies to the shipping industry. It is very clear that only a tax increase can balance the budget. That is unfortunate for the Republican administration on the eve of a presidential campaign. But certainly partisan political considerations should not be uppermost in an emergency like this. We agree with Senator Couzens—who has a pretty good reputation as a business man, by the way—that the next congress should increase the taxes of millionaires like himself. He advocates reinstatement of the 1924 surtaxes, a scientific gift tax and inheritance taxes. Taxes of the poor can not be increased. They haven’t the money in this time of unemployment and depression. Unless the rich are taxed more the deficit will increase. An increase in the federal deficit is wrong, morally and financially. Danger in Haiti The row between Minister Bellegarde of Haiti and General Smedley Eutler reveals bad judgment on both sides. * The Haitian minister is one of the most brilliant and distinguished members of the Negro race. He hates the marine occupation of his country. That is understandable. But a man of his intelligence should know that the United States government is responsible, not the marines. The duty of a soldier is to take orders, and not to reason why. When Bellegarde attempts to blame or belittle the soldier, he Injures the very strong case which he and his people have against the United States government. As for Butler, we have admired him more often then we've disagreed with him. But his record as a gyat soldier Is so well established that it is s^ris-

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPPB-HOWAKD .HIcWSPAPEK) Owned and publi*hed daily .except Sunday) by The Indlanapoll. Time* PublUhing Cos., 214-220 Weat Maryland Street Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 canta a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—/tendered by carrier 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY ROY W HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. i resident Business Manager PHQNK— Kilcy SMI MONDAY. APRIL 27. 1831. Member of United Pres* Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance Newspaper Enterprise Aasoelation Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau ft ('lnulatlons. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ing to find him defending it against the unfounded insinuations of Bellegarde. ' Presenting the secretary of the navy with a parody of the latter’s charges in the recent Mussolini episide, no doubt was fun for a moment, but the general now would do well to drop the matter. For there is a real issue between Haiti and the United States, one that is coming to a head rapidly, and it should not be obscured or confused by further Bellegarde-Butler exchanges. Haitian-American relations are strained. The Hoover reforfii program is lagging. Haiti bitterly resents the plan to keep the United States marines there five years longer. Saturday, Ernest G. Chauvet, a leading editor of Port-au-Prince, and close friend of the president of Haiti, warned a New York audience that unless there are reforms in American rule in Haiti, “possibly serious consequences” will result. He said: “Not only are Americans holding the most important offices, but they do not even speak the language and gross inefficiency is the rule. With the end of the mailed-fist military rule of Haiti by marines, the civil occupation has broken down in the face of the governmental and economic problems of the country. “Haitians understand clearly that it is not the American nation, but a gang of racketeer jobholders who are deceiving the American people, who are creating the present serious situation.” Americans should remember that a similar situation little more than a year ago resulted in a Haitian uprising and massacre by marines. What is Washington doing to prevent another such explosion? Here again—as in the case of Nicaragua and Honduras—ls proof that the Hoover good-mil policy is not in itself enough. W e should get out of Haiti and get out at once. Hoover wants to get out, but in Haiti, as in Nicaragua, he thinks the people are not yet strong enough to go on without Yankee tutelage. What is needed, obviously, is a representative organization of all the American republics to guard international rights in this hemisphere and to protect the weak nations from the strong. Starving in the Midst of Plenty Hundreds of thousands stand in breadlines daily for hours in our country to get a crust of bread and some watery soup or coffee. Yet we live in the midst of the greatest surfeit of food products ever known in our national history. In Labor’s News, Professor Colston E. Warne of Amherst college summarizes the government’s estimates of agricultural production for 1930 as follows: Corn, 2,031,000,000 bushels; wheat, 851,000,000; oats, 1,402,000,000; barley, 325,893,000; rye, 50,234,000; rice, 41,367,000; potatoes, 361,000,000; apples, 163,000,000. Alexander Legge, former head of the farm board, estimates that the surplus carryover of wheat from the 1930 American crop will be 275,000,000 bushels. Os ail the typical radical denunciations of the present capitalist system, nothing else appears to be so striking a condemnation as its inability to prevent the hunger of millions in the midst of billions of bushels of food. It is a far worse implicit indictment than a typical Chinese famine, in which millions starve because of an actual food shortage. A fighter who has the edge over his opponent, says the office sage, doesn’t always put up a slashing bout, A rich man is one who puts two 2-cent stamps on a bulky letter without bothering to have it weighed. When a woman begins to shop around for hats her “trying” days have arrived. You fust, Alphonse,” as the republicans in Spain said, pointing to the exit door. The depression has hit Hawaii, where it is said the Hula dancers are due for a shakedown. When the wife insists that you tune in on Rudy Vallee, you might as well face the music. ‘ Your point is well taken,” as one fencer wisecracked to the other.

REASON

'’T'KE Rumanians have a very elastic sense of ccm- -®- mon decency, as shown by the fact that King Carol appears to be putting himself across very successfully with the dear people of that troubled land. a a e If a President of the United States should abandon his wife and child and leave Washington for a foreign capital in company of an adventuress, you can hardly imagine a popular demand for the dear fellow's return and the installation of the mistress as the power behind the presidency. (T tt tt YET this is precisely the background of the kingly flapper who now rules in Bucharest. Because Americans have difficulty in understanding the charm of such a background they are called provincials. May they long remain provincial. Since Alfonso has parked his outfit in Paris, there has been a grand foregathering of the royal loafers who have been disconnected from their thrones all over Europe. It is the greatest assembling of lame ducks in history. a a a THE president of Portugal is in small business to ask President Hoover to try to save the life of this Portuguese citizen, now awaiting execution for the murder of two girls. If Europe would only keen her criminals at home, what a lovely place the U. S. A. would be! a a a We sympathize with Admiral Byrd in the loss of his dog, but while the papers make a lot of it because Byrd is famous, he doesn't feel any worse about it than the freckled kid who loses his mongrel and whose grief is not broadcast. a a a IN fact, we doubt whether Admiral Byrd knows anything like the piercing agony of the kid who loses his dog, for we still can feel an echo of the grief of long ago when, one after another, we placed deceased canines in their burial plot in a corner of the back yard. a a a A filling station now marks the spot where carefully arranged boulders were to carry the names of these dogs as we then planned, down to succeeding generations. Come to think of it, a filling station now marks the spot where almost everything has occurred. a a a Byrd is not the only distinguished person to lose his dog, King George also being among the recent mourners. It’s pretty tough for the king o£ v England to lose his dog, for that’s about all the authority he possesses.

RV FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

Senator Couzens Is Right. We Should Put More of the Tax Burden on the Rich. NEW YORK, April 27.—“ Patients blamed for medical costs,” reads a headline, referring to an address by Dr. Haven Emmerson of Columbia university. You can’t quarrel with the idea. If people didn’t get sick, there wouldn’t be any medical costs. That, however, was not the question Dr. Emmerson had in mind. His contention was that people demand too many things from the hospital that they can’t afford, and too many things from the drug store that they don’t need, and that what the doctors get out of it is small by comparison. A recent survey showed that the average doctor earns about $5,000 a year in this country. Another survey showed that we have one doctor to each 800 people, while England has one to each 1,490, Germany one to each 1,560, and France one to each 1,690. Why is it that European countries get along with about half as many doctors as we, and doesn’t such a situation have some bearing on the relative cost of sickness? a tt a Too Many Experts THUS far, very little thought has been given to the problem of occupational balance. We go right on turning out doctors, lawyers, engineers, and other professional men, just as though there were no limit to what the public needed or could support. Though realizing the disastrous results of overproduction in other lines, we have not reached a point where we are willing to even admit the possibility of overproduction in higher education. The number of highly trained experts and advisers who are helpless, unless other people start something or get in trouble, is allowed to increase without rhyme or reason. Not only that, but our entire educational system is centered around the idea of producing more instead of striving for social and economic symmetry. Our high schools and colleges appear bent on improving and perfecting only a few professions. * tt ft Couzens Is Right THE federal government faces- a deficit of $800,000,000 this year. That is more than it took to run the federal government in 1916. No wonder Mr. Hoover wants to economize. The prevailing trends, however, are the other way. We have standards of life to maintain, or think we have. They run largely to more leisure, higher wages, extended public service, and, of course, increased taxation. Senator Couzens is right in assuming that the federal government must find means to collect more money. He also is right in suggesing that the easiest and probably fairest way to do this would be to restore the surtaxes of 1924 and provide for gift and inheritance levies. a a st Mellon Is Wrong SECRETARY MELLON always has contended that lighter taxation for rich would help the poor by encouraging the former to promote and develop business. Acting on his advice seven years ago, the government sharply reduced the levies on larger incomes. During that seven years the number with incomes of less than SIO,OOO has remained about the same, and the number with no income at all has multiplied three or four times. Mr. Mellon’s scheme has failed not only to help business, but to provide additional revenue for the government. Its chief effect was to liberate large amounts of money for speculation, which led to overexpansion and overproduction in certain lines, thus setting the stage for the stock crash and depression. Anew and constantly increasing group of millionaires stands out in grim contrast to our five or six million unemployed, so, too, does the enormous volume of money which could be borrowed at 1 or 2 per cent if the call market only would take it, but which has a little stomach for legitimate business. tt a e Hard to Fathom Out THE amount of idle labor would be easier to understand were it not for the amount of idle capital. So would ihe prevalence of j hunger, were it not for the surplus of food, and the farmer’s plight, if bread and meat were not so high in the retail market. The general situation is alarming, not alone because many people have suffered, but because some thrive on it. This is no time for the government to be aiding and abetting the accumulation of huge fortunes. If more revenue is needed, go to those who are holding their money because they regard the present as a poor time to gamble.

Questions and Answers

How many Roman Catholics are there among the United States senators and representatives? There are at present five Roman Catholics in the senate and thirtyfive in the house of representatives. Nearly all the others are Protestants though not all are members of churches. What is the official world’s record for the running high jump? Six feet eight and one-fourth inches made by Harold M. Osborn, May 27, 1924. What is the height of the Washington'monument in Washington? Five hundred fifty-five feet five and one-eighth inches. What is the annual immigration quota for the Irish Free State? Seventeen thousand four hundred twenty-seven. Should a plural or singular verb be used with the noun dues? Dues requires a plural verb. “Dues are” is correct. Is Tommy Gibbons still prize fighting. No. He is living with his wife and family in St. Paul, Minn. Gibbons’ last fight was with Gene Tunney at New York, June 5, 1925. Tunney knocked Gibbons out in the twelfth round of this fight.

Will Power Essential in Reducing

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ALMOST all women now know that strict adherence to a suitable diet will cause a reduction in weight. They have learned, moreover, that it is just as important to e iucate the will power as to engage in any other measures necessary for weight reduction. Dr. D. M. Kremer points out that the vast majority of cases of obesity are those in which the only discoverable cause is race, inheritance, or habits of life. The tendency to put on weight after middle age is a general tendency, It depends largely on overeating and the associated decrease in physical activity. The other type of obesity is that

IT SEEMS TO ME

I HAVE been reading Edward Bellamy’s “Looking Backward.” His success in prophesying certain happenings more than a century beyond his time emboldens me to do a little predicting on my own account. It is a safe game. For if I venture the guess that something will be true 100 years from now, no one can say dogmatically that I am wrong. And if the prediction fails when 2,031 rolls around, the error will not be sufficient to disturb me much in whatever state of bliss, or less, I find myself. But here is my one best bet for the future. I purpose to put in nomination a name which I think will loom up as the most important of our decade in respect to service to humanity. And it is a name frequently omitted from lists of the ten greatest American this and that. Naturally I mean Margaret Sanger. Even those who oppose her fight must admit its enormous importance if she wins. Quite obviously the trend has begun to set in her direction. a a a At First a Lone Fight MANY economists and historians contend that the individual plays only a small part in the march of events. They are the surge of tides which can not be hastened much or checked at all. And yet it seems to me that the birth control movement in its present development has been created directly by the efforts of Margaret Sanger. Incidentally, while writing men and women are exhuming minor dead Presidents for purposes of biography, I wonder why someone does not do the life of Margaret Sanger. It could be a thrilling story of unswerving courage and singleminded devotion. The New York Academy of Medicine just has passed resolutions urging a change in federal and state laws to exempt physicians from “ex-

| Views of Times Readers

Editor Times —How can two or three men form a so-called industrial development company and petition for a public improvement in the circuit court of Marion county without approval of the majority of people in the community which the improvements concerns? And succeed to the extent of having the people assessed exorbitantly for the improvement? This is exactly what has happened in the vicinity between Linhurst drive and the city limits. No one received previous nojtice of the j project. No one saw a notice in the papers. The first known of it was on Feb. 25, 1931, when property owners received their assessment with the imitation to pay in full within thirty days or pay under the Barrett law. The public improvement is a drainage system with street sewers (the property holders don’t know whether all the streets will be drained or part of them) draining into an open ditch which would run to Eagle creek. This system, of course, never could be used as a carrier of sewage without menace to public health. A true improvement later would

How About That Smokestack?

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

in which the glands of internal secretion fail to function as usual. When the basal metabolism of such people is measured, it is found to be from 25 to 50 per cent below normal. Associated with this there may be subnormal temperatures and a low nervous tension; this, coupled with lack of exercise and overeating, produces a large increase in weight. Few people realize that weight reduction without proper attention to securing the correct proteins, carbohydrates, and fates may be a serious matter in actually producing malnutrition or deficiency diseases. Under proper diet calculated for this purpose, it is possible to cause one to lose weight satisfactorily at the rate of one pound a week. It is generally recognized that a loss of weight of more than two

isting inhibitions” in statutes concerning birth ocntrol information. “The conservatism of the medical profession with reference to contraception has been justifiable,” said the report. “Recent research in contraceptive technique, however, now demands recognition on the part of the profession of medicine.” a a a Always Has Been So I AM not competent to pass upon some of the technical civic points raised in the reply of Mayor Walker. But it is to me a less impressive document than some of the editorial commentators have assumed at first glance. I go by internal evidence and an ancient rule in suspecting a structural flaw. In discussing the department of hospitals, James Joseph Walker said of John Haynes Holmes that his attack on three officials “may be understood in vj£w of his wellknown attitude during the recent World war and to American ideals in general. “These three hospital officials all saw service in France with the A. E. F., while this complainant was endeavoring to break down America’s resistance behind the line. “The chairman of the so-called ‘city affairs committee’ would have you as Governor order the mayor of New York to remove three honorable, capable and devoted public servants who love this country and its institutions—on what grounds? That they were not slackers, defeatists or traitors, it may be assumed.” It is an ancient rule, as I have said, and a good one, I believe, that when a public official wraps himself in the American flag there is a rip in the seat of his trousers. a a _ * Whose Private Life? “T SEE by your paper,” writes Ruth X Hale, “that the World-Telegram is pretty annoyed at Alan Fox for bringing up the subject of the ‘vagaries of the mayor’s private life.’

necessitate a sewage system which would make the drainage system an unnecessary expense, as a drainage and sewage system could be installed together. This, and the fact that the majority of the people in the community are laboring men, most of them unemployed or employed at part time, and many of whom would lose homes through the exorbitant assessment, form the two chief objections to the project. However, the most corrupt phase of the matter is that the improvement which concerns only this community is about to be put through without the approval of the people, and therefore in violation of the purpose and ideals of our government. We, the people, would like to know, we’d like to see it published, just how two or three men got this far with this outrage. We wonder whether a project which so plainly is fraudulent can be put through over the people’s heads. In spite of all the political corruption of which we’ve read, we still hardly think it can be done in Tnriia.nq - A PROPERTY OWNER-

pounds a week may be a serious matter. In cases in which the action of the thyroid gland is deficient, a phypsician will prescribe regular doses of thyroid gland which can be taken by mouth, and this provides the body with the thyroid that it requires. Following the regular taking of definite dosage under medical direction, the basal metabolism rate will begin to approximate the normal and the patient will have a more normal body chemistry. Such control of human reactions represents the highest form of modem medical science, including accurate measurement of the physiolobic activities, the application of substances to take care of deficiencies and new measurements to establish finally the fact that results have been secured.

HEYWOOD BROUN

“Now, the World-Telegram would be just astonished to find how completely I am eye-to-eye with them on this. There isn’t anybody in this town who thinks a private life should be ‘privater’ than I think it should be. “But what I want to know is this: How about Mrs. Potocki’s ‘private life’? How about the ‘private life’ of that sorry mess of framed women? How about the ‘private life’ of the wayward minors at Bedford, who didn’t get a hearing at all? “How about the ‘private life’ even of those who were using their ‘private’ time in downright sinfulness, according to the standards of the vice squad? ‘lf your private life is not private enough to keep a Chile Acuna or a Harry Levey out of it, whether you are guilty or innocent, as the phrase goes, just what does ‘private life’ mean?” (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

f 1 1

FINAL ARRAS ATTACKS April 27 . ON April 27, 1917, the English launched the first of the final attacks on an eight-mile front north of Monchy-le-Preux. General Sir Douglas Haig, British commander, reports it as follows: The assault was launched at 4:25 a. m. by British and Canadian troops and resulted in heavy fighting, which continued throughout the greater part of April 28 and 29. The enemy delivered counter attack after counter attack with the greatest determination and most lavish expenditure of men. Our positions at Gavrelle alone were attacked again seven times with stronger forces, and on each occasion the enemy was repulsed with great loss. “In spite of the enemy’s desperate resistance, the village of Arleux-en-Gohelle was captured by Canadian troops, after bitter hand-to-hand fighting; and English troops made further progress in the neighborhood of Oppy, on Greenland hill, and between Monchy-le-Preux and the Scarpe. In addition to these advances, another 1.000 German prisoners were taken by us in the course of two days’ fighting.”

The Talking Screen Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a completely revised, up-to-the-minute directory of all the principal picture stars male and female, alphabetically arranged for ready reference. The Directory gives place and date of birth, marriages and divorces brief personal description and address of each. All picture fans will find this directory useful. Fill out the coupon below and for* it CLIP COUPON HERE li Department 123, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D C. I want a copy of the bulletin DIRECTORY OF MOTION PICTURE STARS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return do handling costs. Name Street and No City -

(deals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this uauer.—The Editor.

'APRIL 27, 1931

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Colloid Chemistry Expected to Reveal Many New Facts to Aid Industry. CHEMISTS expect many discoveries of great importance to industry, agriculture and medicine, to come in the future in the field of colloid chemistry. This is one of the newest fields of investigation and consequently one in which there is yet more to be discovered than is known. The colloid is a sort of “inbetween” state of matter, defying exact attempts at classification. To understand colloids, we first must get in mind the ordinary behavior of matter. Let us suppose that we have dropped a handful of sand into a tumbler of water. After a short time all the grains of sand settle to the bottom. The sand is insoluble in water. On the other hand, let us suppose that we put some table salt in the tumbler of water. The salt disappears entirely from view. We say that it has dissolved in the water. What has happened is that the crystals of salt have broken down and the individual molecules of salt now are scattered about among the molecules of the water. In addition, many of the molecules of salt have broken up further into electrified atoms known as ions. Between the phenomenon represented by the insolubility of the sand and that represented by the solubility of the salt is the “inbetween” realm of the colloid. tt a a Held in Suspension IN the colloid, the substance involved is neither dissolved in the liquid nor is it precipitated or thrown down to the bottom. Instead, it remains scattered through the liquid in particles of various sizes. The condition is described technically by saying that the particles are held in suspension. Some colloidal solutions appear to the eye to be true solutions. A number of tests, however, will reveal the difference. For example, when a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution, the light is scattered in all directions by the colloidal particles. An examination of colloidal solutions with high-powered microscopes has revealed that the colloidal particles are not at rest, but In continual motion. These vibratory motions, known as Brownian movements, because a botanist by the name of Robert Brown first noticed them, are the result of bombardment of the colloidal particles by the molecules of the liquid in which they are suspended. It now is thought that it is this molecular bombardment which keeps the particles in suspension. It is interesting to note that Profesor Einstein, in 1905, worked out the mathematical proofs of the Brownian movement. That was one of four pieces of work which the famous German scientist published in 1905. One of the others was the special theorv of relativity. Collodial particles will reflect light and so the same substance in a colloidal condition will yield different colors, depending upon the size of the particles. This is because the size, influences the ability to reflect different wavelengths of light. Thus, for example, a colloidal solution of gold may appear either red, green, blue, or violet, depending upon the size of th colloidal particles. st a tt About Emulsions A PARTICULARLY important. and interesting type of colloiday solution is known as an emulsion. It consists of two liquids and a third substance known as the emulsifying agent. Let us suppose that some olive oil is mixed with a glass of water. If allowed to stand a little while, the oil separates from the water and floats on top of it. But if a little soap is added to the mixture, the olive oil remains suspended through the water in tiny colloidal drops. The reason is that the molecules of soap have formed little protective coatings around the droplets of oil because of these coatings the droplets can not unite and coalesce. Consequently, the oil remains suspended in the water and a colloid is formed. Mayonnaise dressing is such an emulsion. Olive oil and vinegar will not mix. But the addition "of the yolk of an egg furnishes an emulsifying agent and as a result an emulsion is formed. The making of emulsions is an important process today. Various cod liver oil preparations, for example, are emulsions. There are colloids of all sorts. Any condition where one substance is held in suspension in the form of small particles in another, constitutes a colloid. They may consist of solids suspended in gases, as in the case of smoke or dust clouds, they may consist of liquid droplets suspended in a gas, as in the case of a fog or cioud; they may consist of liquids in liquids, as in the case of emulsions; or of solids in solids, as for example, when metals are used to color glass.

Daily Thought

Your zeal hath provoked verv many.—Corinthians 9:2. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.—Emerson.