Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 298, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 April 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

rn I -M OH' AMD

An Avalanche of Wage Cuts Necessity of keeping up wages to maintain consuming power is conceded so thoroughly by many capitalists that even President Hoover is reported to have bestirred himself in this matter recently. Any serious cut in wages will be followed by an even greater decline in the demand for goods. Yet March, 1931, witnessed an unprecedented wave f wage cuts. In March, 1930, only twenty-six wage cuts were reported by the department of labor and 116 wage advances. But in March, 1931, the department reported 340 wage cuts and only fifty-nine cases of Increase in wages. The labor bureau presents the following facts bearing on the situation: "Three hundred thirty-five establishments in fifty manufacturing industries reported wage rate decreases averaging 10 per cent and affecting 43,500 employes. Sixty-eight decreases were in establishments in the lumber group of industries, 65 in textiles, 51 in iron and steel, 35 in food and 31 in paper and printing. "Prom trade union sources came five reports of cuts, affecting some 9,000 workers. Concurrently twenty-three establishments in five manufacturing Industries awarded wage increases—increases which averaged only 3 per cent and affected only 35 per cent of the workers in the plants—a total of 1,664 employes." There is little in the above statistics to Indicate that our period of underconsumption is nearing ah end. Spanish Recognition Acting without undue haste, the state department has extended diplomatic recognition to the new Spanish republic. In dealing with Madrid, the department did not question the right of the Spanish people to choose their own form of government by revolution —that is none of our business. But in the case of Moscow the state department tries to make it our business. Nor did the state department ask whether the new Madrid government is permanent, though obviously it is much less stable than the Moscow regime. One disturbing report regarding Spanish-American relations has arisen in Madrid. According to the newspaper Crisos, the American ambassador, Irwin B. Laughlin of Pittsburgh, has been making insulting remarks about the new government. It is hard to believe that any member of the American foreign service would be guilty of that greatest of blunders in diplomacy, interference in the domestic affairs of the nation to which he is accredited. But presumably the state department will investigate this charge, and take the indicated action. There can be no question of the propriety and popularity of the appointment of Senor Salvador de Madariaga as ambassador of the new republic in Washington. He has world renown as a scholar and as a former brilliant official of the League of Nations. In this country he is well known for his books and lectures. He will be welcomed cordially here. Not to Be Evaded Henry W. Anderson's speech to the Kentucky Bar Association is another reminder that the administration apparently is doing nothing about the Wickersham commission's prohibition report. Except for Anderson and his frequent speeches in favor of a modified form of the Swedish government control system, the public is in danger of forgetting the Wickersham report. Because of the fake summary of the report put out at the time, the public was so confused that it never understood clearly that the commisison, by a 7 to 4 majority, declared for modification or repeal. And those who did understand the fact that the report condemned prohibition as a failure, soon came to consider it just "another report.” It was not just another report, and citizens will be very foolish if they permit it to be buried and forgotten as such. Hoover and the administration were committed morally to the rejxirt in advance—not necessarily committed to accepting all its findings without question, but to using those findings as a basis for reforming the present vicious conditions. Hoover indicated that he was open minded on the question, that he wanted to arrive at a scientific solution. Therefore, he proposed to lift the controversial subject above partisan argument by choosing an eminent commission of jurists and others to make an expert study. The commission was given the power, the money, the co-operation of other government agencies, and the general prestige necessary for its difficult task. The President definitely implied that he would be guided by the results—otherwise there was no purpose in his naming the commission. Congress already had investigated prohibition for itself more than once, and would do so again. Plenty of independent studies had been made. But the excuse for this commission was its relation to the executive departments of the government and to the President. The commission idea relieved the President for two years of the embarrassing duty of declaring himself on the prohibition issue. But that time of grace Is past. Now the country is about to swing into another national political campaign. And apparently Hoover, along with most, though net all, the potential candidates in both parties, is ready to sidetrack again this issue in which there is more national interest than any other. We do not believe prohibition can be evaded as a political issue in the next campaign as in the last. We hope it can not be evaded. For, altogether apart from the right of American citizens to pass Judgment on this experiment, continuance of present conditions threatens to undermine all law and law observance. As Anderson explains, on the basis of his stud;| as a member of the Wickersham commission: "Nothing so quickly impairs the prestige of government as the existence of laws which are not ob% gerved and can not be enforced; while a system which operates to place millions of dollars in the hands of the lawless elements of the country for use in the organization and development of criminal activities, In open defiance of government, presents a serious menace to social peace and order.” That Is News When Sir George Paish, British economist, tells a meeting of Philadelphia bankers and brokers that a revival of prosperity depends on reducing tariffs, that Is news. Virtually all economists everywhere, including the 1,000 American economists who protested in ▼ain against passage of the Hawley-Smoot tariff, take that portion.

But wlw*n a leading Republican politician al busi- oX the ox cart.

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPS-HOWARD NTSWSPAPEBj Owned and published dally (except Sunday! by The Indlanapolie Times Publishing Cos., 2U-22U Weal Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marlon County. 2 cents i copy : elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOY R-if. LRLBT ' ROY F HOWARD. FRANK O. MORRISON Editor Fresident Business Manager PHONE—Riley f-fibl THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 1931, Member ot I nited Press Serlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Atsoelation Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ness magnate tells a meeting of Philadelphia bankers and brokers the same thing, that is news. General W. W. Atterbury, president of the Pennsylvania railroad, until recently was Republican national committeeman from Pennsylvania, the highest high tariff state. In speaking of certain fundamentals'“which must be corrected before we are put on a sound and substantial basis,” he stressed especially “the tariff walls which nearly all nations are building against one another, tending to separate the different countries into hermetically sealed compartments, so far as commerce is concerned, and further complicating the problem of the war debts.” He might have added that many of the foreign tariff walls were raised in self-protection and retaliation against our Hawley-Smoot law. As we say, it still is news when such a man as Atterbury attacks the tariff. But it may not be unusual long. Just last week Representative Snell of New York, chairman of the house rules committee and one of the G. O. P. triumvirate that forced passage of the Hawley-Smoot law, confessed that “we have gone the limit jji a tariff,’ and intimated that reduction was inevitable. And, of course, such outstanding industrial leaders as James D. Mooney, vice-president of General Motors, in charge of foreign operations, and Owen D. Young, head of General Electric and Radio Corporation, attack the tariff. Young, to be sure, is a potential Democratic candidate for President. He and the Raskob group are trying to prove that the Republican party is so far behind the times that it no longer is even representative of big business, which always has controlled it. Maybe that charge is not so far-fetched, after all. Certainly when heads of the largest corporations in the country—like the Pennsylvania railroad, General Motors, General Electric and Radio Corporation —no longer can stomach its stale tariff policy, the Republican party should begin to think. Tlie Republican administration may be blind to the fact, but business men can not afford to be. Business men have discovered that our foreign trade compared with last year has been cut in half, and that the loss, according to official figures, is running at the rate of $425,000,000 a month. No wonder that business men who believed the administration promise that the higher tariff law would restore prosperity in sixty days now know they were sold down the river. Too Much Cannon If Bishop James Cannon Jr. does not want to injure his church and his prohibition movement, he will change his political tactics. His latest mistake is another attempt to block the senate investigation of his 1928 campaign acivitles, including disposition of $65,000. He can not accomplish anything by such obstruction—except to discredit himself more. It is unfair for the public to judge his church or his movement by Cannon’s personal record. But it is inevitable. Cannon knows that. Cannon also knows that, as long as he insists on lemaining a bishop over the protest of many of his fellow churchmen, he has a definite responsibility to protect the reputation of his church and of his office. That Cannon had to submit to a church trial on serious charges was none of the business of the people outside his church and his movement. But that he has been charged by a member of congress with violation of the federal corrupt practices act Is the public’s business. If the bishop is innocent, he should welcome an investigation. But, innocent or guilty, it is absurd for him to try to set himself above the law. He can not get away with it. A blizzard which recently swept through the Rocky Mountain states emanated from Medicine Hat Canada. Os course it would be an “ill” wind. A former president of Mexico now is teaching vocal lessons. But that is no reason why he should not continue to be protected from potential assassins The Chattanooga baseball team has signed up a girl pitcher. Possibly the fans will admire ’ her curves. No, Dorothy, a yes-man is not a fellow who always says, "O, yeah!”

REASON

THIS duel down In southern Indiana the other day In which two men shot 1 It out with fatal results to both, carries one back some years to the time when petty differences kept communities in turmoil and clogged the courts with their consequences. a a a These southern Indiana pistol artists were urged to the shooting stage because one of them was charged with throwing tin cans into the yard of the mother of the other, and over this miserable quarrel they worked themselves up to murder. a a a MOST of the bitter feuds, not only in states ordinarily law abiding, but also in mountain states, where life has been held more lightly, have been due to -frivolous matters, utterly out of proportion t£ the red results, which often have involved generations. a a a In the mountain states, particularly Tennessee, Kentucky and West Virginia, where the star feudists have resided, the origin of the various feuds was so slight as to be utterly forgotten by those who inherited the passion. They only knew that they were out to “get” any member of the other clan that they could. a a a IN other states where the warriors were not so blood-thirsty, they “had the law on their enemies.” Instead of taking the shotgun off the wall, they went to court and they usually stayed in court until their funds were exhausted. a a a Line fence disputes, the ownership of cattle and hogs which strayed away or were picked up, things not involving much money or principle, were sources of litigation which kept court dockets filled, but now they are a thing of the past. People have learned that it is better to settle such disputes out of court. a a a AND neighborhood fights used to be an ever-pres-ent source of Justice of the peace prosperity. We remember when three Logansport “squires” were kept busy fining neighbors- for provoke and for assault and battery, but now the cobwebs have taken the place of the litigants in the office of the justice. a a a We have our organized crime with its elaborate organization, involving courts, bondsmen, alibi witnesses and politicians, but the old-fashioned neighborhood spontaneous combustions have gone the way

PY FREDERICK • LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS;

The Remedy for Unemployment Depends Largely on Our Ability to Find Work for People in New Places. YORK, April 23.—Those applying for civil service jobs with Uncle Sam after July 1 will be fingerprinted. Among other reasons for putting ! such rule into effect, is the discovery that about 7 per cent of all applicants have police records. On the surface, it looks all right. Few people will quarrel with the idea *of keeping crooks and ex-con-victs off the public pay roll, but the problem they represent includes a wjjole lot more. If the government can not afford to employ them, who can? We are running hundreds of thousands of people through our jails and reformatories every vear. The theory is that most of them have been chastened to such extent as to resume their places in society, and society is being reminded constantly of its obligation to reinstate them. Intelligence suggests that society has no other course, that it must give these people a chance, that the theory of reformation is meaningless, unless it does. But if the government fails to do its share, how can ordinary people be expected to do theirs? a n Capper Gets Mixed SENATOR CAPPER says that what the farmers need is another drought, that while a number of them have shown willingness to co-operate in the matter of curtailment of acreage, the majority persists in overproducing. He hopes that the depression will bring them to their senses, but spoils it all by prophesying that the depression soon will be over. Senator Capper apparently is committed to the time-honored doctrine that, no matter what happens, things can be depended on to readjust themselves. They can, of course, but it that’s all we can say, a lot of money has been wasted on education in this country. Maybe it’s just one more illusionment, but most of us have assumed that all the teaching, training, and taxing which our enormous school system involves would help solve just such problems. a tt Reduction Only Remedy 'T'HE farm board, while denying any intention of dumping its wheat, takes occasion to remind farmers that it will not buy any more this year. That also is another way of saying that they must look out for themselves, and that, if they won’t reduce on their own initiative, wheat prices are likely to be low. No matter who speaks on this subject, crop reduction appears to be the one and only remedy. That’s fine for people who don’t depend on crops, but it is not so fine for a farmer who barely can make a living out of w’hat he raises on 160 acres and who is politely informed that it should be cut to 120. All things considered, reduction of acreage means nothing but the reduction of farmers. With six or seven million people unemployed in our cities, what are we going to do with these farmers driven off the land? a a a Times Have Changed OUR economic stress, whether as revealed by too much grain, or too much man power, seems to hinge on finding substitutes. What the farmer needs is not forced curtailment of this or that crop, but a chance to raise and sell something else in the same way. The remedy for unemployment depends largely on our ability to find work for people in new places. We seem unable to realize that a more or less permanent change has occurred in our economic structure, and that a more or less sweeping readjustment must be made. The comforting thought persists that hard times will end when, and if, everybody goes back where he or she was in 1928. A good many never are going back because circumstances have made it impossible. The railroad business, for example, has suffered a sharp decline because of the truck, pipeline and waterway competition; oil Is taking the place of coal; electric plants are being located at the source of fuel supply; canned jazz and the radio have put thousands of musicians out of work; changes in our wearing apparel have raised cain with the textile industry; greater consumption in fruit has reduced the amount of potatoes raised, and so on, ad infinitum.

Questions and Answers

Who played the part of Stephen Decatur in the motion picture “Old Ironsides?” Johnnie Walker. In the card game of euchre can you order up without a trump? There is nothing in the rules requlilng player ordering dealer up, to hold cards of the trump suit. Were Quakers exempted from military service during the world war? Quakers and other sects whose religion forbids them to serve in war, were exempted from combatant military duty by this country during the world war. What are the nationalities of Ramon Novarro and Antonio Moreno? Ramon Novarro was born in Durango, Mexico, and is descended from Spanish and native ancestors. Antonio Moreno is a Spaniard by birth. What is the origin and meaning of the name Eula? It is from the Greek and means praise, blessing. * What countries produce cotton besides the United States? India, Egypt, China, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru are among the countries that produce cotton. Is it correct to say “Mrs. Jones invited Mary and I to luncheon?” 4 Mrs. Jones invited Mary and me,” is correct. “Mary and me” is the object of the verb and must be in the objective case. /

If Alfonso Accepts That U. S. Movie Offer

\(r,/A I \\ fHAT WAS iW / / 1 GOTTEN > NOW ml 1 / / LISSEN- FORqiT that Sir/ / I 111 EVERYTHIN& YOU eve? eioAKLOOKS I l :jl KNEW AN' WATCH M&11 ! fi I'LL SHOW VOU YAROS OP et?MINE * HOV/AKINGr £ N csm°oßE SHOULD OUQHTA DIAMONDS PO* ACT f THAT CROWN

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Symptoms of Airsickness Studied

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEEV Editor. Journal of the American Medieat Association and of Hygeia, the Health M.-gazine. BEFORE the Royal Society of Medicine, Captain Martin Flack of the British Air Forces recently compared airsickness and seasickness. These conditions have certain common factors. In both cases there seems to be some relationship to the mechanism of the internal ear, some disturbance in the relationship of sensation in the eyes, the internal ear and the muscle, some effects due to stuffy atmosphere, smells and lack of adequate ventilation, some disturbance due to apprehension or nervousness, and some response because of the general lack of tone of abdominal muscles of the individual affected. Airsickness still is so recent a complaint that adequate studies of the condition have not been made. Thus no statistics are available as to the number of sick passengers arriving at various airports, or people traveling under more or less the same air conditions in different types of machines. Dr. Flack is convinced that de-

IT SEEMS TO ME

A YOUNG man from beyond our borders asks a question concerning one of our proudest institutions. “I am,” writes Carl Harm, “a native of the middle west and have been in New York for three weeks. More particularly, I’ve been living in Greenwich Village, which brings me to my point. “Just exactly how thrilled should a young man weaned on literature be about living in the village?" I might take a high and mighty attitude and answer that anybody from the middle west ought to be thrilled to live anywhere in New York. But this would be dodging the definite issue—the present state of the village as a romantic locality. It seems to me fair to infer that our young visitor is a little skeptical. Otherwise he would not submit his query. When anybody is thrilled, he needs no outside help to evaluate his emotions. For Mr. Harm there is this much to be said: Even the natives of the metropolis have begun to turn against the village. It is grouped with that large number of things and people and places which are not what they used to be. And in respect to all of them it is worth inquiring, “Were they ever?” To this I give the fervent answer of, “Yes, the village was.” a a a Chiefly a State of Mind BUT, then, I never thought of it particularly from a geographical standpoint. Greenwich Village is and should be a state of mind. Some of the most authentic villagers of my acquaintance did not live or even trip it below Fourteenth street. Villagers can be found in profusion

.-^rrH'YY?? ii r-i “tic OAk'IB'THK-

BATTLE OF ARRAS April 23 ON April 23, 1917, the Battle of Arras, which was begun on April 9, entered its second phase. On this day English, Welsh, and Scottish troops made fresh assaults upon the German line east of Arras. The Germans were prepared to meet the attack and had intrenched themselves firmly with new batteries and machine guns German snipers had been placed all about in shell holes, with orders to pick off the British officers and men as soon as the attack started. After a stubborn resistance by the enemy, the allied force made some progress. As Philip Gibbs, war correspondent on the scene, described it: “It was only to be expected that this second phase of the Battle of Arras should be extremely hard. For the British It is a battle to the death. “Fighting is in progress at all points attained by the troops, and there is the ebb and flow of men—beaten back for a while by the intensity of the fire, but attacking again and getting forward.’ 4

fective ventilation of the cabin plays a large part in airsickness. It is pointed out that pilots who are accustomed to flying in open machines have their first appearance of airsickness when in a cabin. The preliminary investigation shows that the ventilation of airplane cabins needs improving. People are packed so closely together that if one becomes sick his fellow passengers see him and that serves to “set off” the others. Moreover, the smell of the vomited material passes from persons sitting in the back of the cabin to those in the front. It*has been concluded that for adequate ventilation the air should pass from the front of the cabin to the back, drafts should be excluded, and there must be no offensive smells. Apparently in airsickness as well as in seasickness, the general health of the person affected is important. In a joint investigation made between the air service and representatives of the Cunard company, the conclusion was reached that true seasickness is predominantly dqe to stimulation of the internal mechan-

west of the Hudson. Taos, N. M., is by now more Greenwichy than Barrow street. Each boy and girl born into the world should spend some portion of his life within the village—l mean this particular village of a dream. Emigration is not necessary. It may not even be advisable. For a purple cow too flagrantly fitted for the commercialization of the Greenwich instinct can be a fatal thing. Everybody is properly eligible to be a villager during that period of his life when he is inclined to question existing institutions and opinions, both social and political. Greenwich, then, may be identified as the homeland of destructive criticism. a a a Conservation EVEN conservative governments send inspectors round about to test the safety of structures and to examine the hawsers by which elevators move and have their being. And surely no blame should attach to him who looks at rotten rope and says, “Get that out of here!” Even those who have complete faith in the world as it is owe a debt to youngsters who move about

People’s Voice

Editor Times' —“After Prohibition, What?” This is the subject of an editorial ih your paper of April 13, 1931. The editorial does not answer the question. The question implies that prohibition will come to an end. Os course it is assumed that this means the prohibition law, for in reality there has been no prohibition. While the implication may be questioned, let us say, for the sake of answering the question, that the law will be repealed and that the eighteenth constitutional amendment is null and void. Since there could be no restraining influence in such annulment, It can be stated definitely and truthfully that after prohibition there will be a period of great rejoicing and revelry on the part of society's “sewer” and the wickedness which now, wrongfully, is attributed to the prohibition law will increase in its vileness until it has reached the point where the dormant power within the people will awake, arise, and perform the acts necessary to redeem and reassure our liberty and freedom which are now being pressed. Therefore, after prohibition, if things are permitted to drift along as they are now, there will be a period leading to intolerance and then MORE PROHIBITION and BETTER ENFORCEMENT. But it may not be necessary to experience such a period of rampant violence and if you are interested in a dissertation of the principles of TRUTH as applied to the present prohibition muddle, I will send you a copy for your perusal. They may be helpful. W. N. HAINES 10 East Broadway,

ism of the ear by the movement of the ship. Such, stimulation causes contractions of the stomach through a reflex mechanism, which acts promptly particularly in people who are sensitive to movement. The confusion between the various senses that have been mentioned is due to the fact that the eye and the deep muscle impressions indicate to the person affected that the ship is going up, while, owing to slowness of conduction of sensation, the impression from the internal mechanism of the ear is that the ship still is going down. Some people learn to move the head to stop this impression and thus bring the sensations into common accord. In general, those who have a tendency to disturbances of digestion are more likely to be seasick than those who are not. People who come aboard after a big farewell banquet, particularly accompanied by large amounts of alcoholic liquors, are likely to be sick promptly when the ship starts, but it is a question whether what they suffer from fairly can be called seasickness.

DV HEYWOOD BY BROUN

the premises pointing rudely and making comments. From marriage through the protective tariff and the poetry of Longfellow, there is no life for any human thing unless it is capable of living precariously under fire. That Greenwich Village which is physical was once the resort of philosophers who felt small allegiance to any majority opinion. They were against the books which sold and the painters who prospered. Each villager had his own scheme of life, agreeing with none other. I am afraid that things have changed mightily around Fourteenth street since I was a young man. It has begun to conform. Communism and the Machine Age have contributed to the production of anew sort of Russian Rotarian. He feels that if it comes from Moscow, there is nothing to be done except to swallow it whole. The brave capacity to question each and every fact upon the earth or in the waters beneath has begun to diminish. I would not have any man or woman remain a villager all his life. Children, as I understand it, generally are born with an aperture at the top of the skull or at least a soft place through which ideas may filter. But in time the bony structure there solidifies and becomes an airtight container. So it should be with mental and spiritual development. The mind that is forever open comes at last to rust and decay. You can’t leave your ideas outdoors in all sorts of weather like castiron deer, Sooner or later, for good or ill, each one of us should come to slogans and snug harbors. I value very little the person who goes through his span without eventually reaching something he can be for. But this allegiance is of little worth unless it comes after a long life of inquiry and questioning. (Copyright. 1931. bv The Times)

You 'll Want to Know Famous fellows and things from down the ages—interesting and unusual bits of information about historical characters and places —are in the group of eight bulletins now ready in a single packet offer by our Washington bureau. The titles of these bulletins are: 1. Famous Pioneers. 6. Five Grfeat Presidents of the 2. Famous Bandits. United States. 3. Famous Spies. 7. Famous Assassins. 4. Famous Pirates. 8. Famous Buildings. 5. Famous Detectives. If you want this packet of eight bulletins, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. A-14, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want the packet of eight bulletins on Famous Characters and Places, and inclose herewith 25 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name St. and No. *. City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

_APRIL 23, 1931

SCIENCE —BY. DAVID DIETZ

World's Mineral Supply May Be Bone of Contention in Next World War. IF you are willing to assume with the more pessimistic of the hls- [ torians and students of present-day : affairs that another World war is I inevitable, you can get some idea | of what it may be fought over from a recently published book. It is "World Minerals and World ; Politics," by Professor C. K. Leith, : chairman of the department of geology of the University of Wisconsin. (The book is published by Whittlesey House at $2.) "New mineral problems of a social and political nature, with important bearings on world affairs, are now taking form," Dr. Leith says in the “foreword" of his book. "The primary cause is a vastly greater consumption of minerals, due to the speeding up of industrial life and its spread through backward nations. "Mineral reserves to meet this demand must now be viewed in entirely new perspective.” first became conscious of the need of taking world-wide stock of mineral supplies as a result of the World war The importance of ! f ilx l? ral supplies was brought home i to them by the events of the war. * * a World Situation pROFESSOR LEITH sums up the | A world situation in a sentence when he writes, “It appears that certain minerals exist in such large quantities as to give no concern for the future, and that others are definitely limited; that the available resources are not equally distributed among the continents and nationsthat no country has really adequate amounts of all minerals; that some countries are conspicuously deficient in minerals; that the peaks of production already are passed for some of the most important districts." It is easy to guess that diplomatic maneuvering in the future will be guided in no small part bv considerations of essential minerals. They will underlie alliances of the future. Professor Leith believes that mineral supplies have shaped the world’s past. “It now appears that the Industrial growth of the North Atlantic countries is not alone a matter of superior enterprise of their peoples,” he writes, “but a response to unusually favorable environmental conditions affording the necessary raw materials.” He adds, “Nations, realizing almost for the first time the vital need of mineral raw materials for their future industrial welfare and safety, have taken active political steps both to secure new supplies and to protect those already in hand from encroachment by outsiders. The problem has become international in scope, not through political intent, but by force of commercial circumstances. n tt a The North Atlantic E'ROM a consideration of mineral -T distribution, Professor Leith comes to the conclusion that there is little possibility of the Industrial supremacy of the United States and western Europe being challenged seriously by the rise of some of the nations of the earth, which now are industrially backward. “Countries bordering the north Atlantic, particularly the United States and western Europe, are the fortunate possessors of essential minerals in amounts and combinations necessary for industrial strength,” he writes. “Other parts of the world, notwithstanding popular beliefs to the contrary, are not so fortunate. Their mineral industries must continue to be subordinate or tributary to those of the north Atlantic countries. “The thrust of exploitation of world minerals has emanated from the north Atlantic, and will continue to do so. Against this thrust, other regions are mainly in a defensive position. “Great commercial units of north Atlantic countries, some of them of international scope, have acquired control of vast sections of the mineral industry and have come into conflict with other units similarly engaged. “Several minerals have become commercially monopolized and others are well on their way toward this stage.” Professor Leith backs up his generalizations with a vast amount of detailed information. His book is thought provoking. The reader who wishes to remain well informed upon world affairs can not afford to overlook this book.

Daily Thought

I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure: and behold, this also is ▼anity.—Ecclesiastes 2: 1. Vanity is the foundation of the most ridiculous and contemptible vices—the vices of affectation and common lying.—Adam Smith.